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Wdr Biblio--175-212 Bibliographical Note his report has drawn on a wide range of Bahl, J. Michael Bamberger, Suman World Bank documents and on numer- Bery, Sofia Bettencourt, Amar Bhatta- ous outside sources. World Bank sources charya, Richard Bird, Ilona Blue, Clem- include ongoing research as well as ens Boonekamp, François Bourguignon, country economic, sector, and project Nicolette L. Bowyer, John Briscoe, Lynn work. These and other sources are listed R. Brown, Robin Burgess, Shahid Javed T alphabetically by author and organiza- Burki, William Byrd, Jerry Caprio, Rich- tion in two groups: background papers ard Carey, Gonzalo Castro, Herman Ce- and references. The background papers sar, Ajay Chhibber, Kenneth Chomitz, were commissioned for this report and Paul Collier, Maureen Cropper, Angus are available on the World Development Deaton, Julia Devlin, Samir El Daher, Report 1999/2000 World Wide Web A. Charlotte de Fontaubert, Dipak Das- page (http://www.worldbank. org/wdr/). gupta, Alan Deardorff, Shantayanan In addition, some background papers Devarajan, Hinh Truong Dinh, Simeon will be made available through the Pol- Djankov, Gunnar Eskeland, François icy Research Working Paper series or as Falloux, Caroline Farah, Charles Fein- other World Bank publications, and the stein, J. Michael Finger, Louis Forget, rest will be available through the World Per Fredriksson, David Freestone, Lev Development Report office. The views Freinkman, Caroline Freund, Christo- they express are not necessarily those of pher Gibbs, Marcelo Giugale, Steve Gor- the World Bank or of this report. man, Vincent Gouarne, Elisea G. Gozun, In addition to the principal sources Emma Grant, Angela Griffin, Jeffrey listed, many persons, both inside and Gutman, Kirk Hamilton, Sonia Ham- outside the World Bank, provided advice mam, Trudy Harpham, Nigel Harris, and guidance. Valuable comments and Arif Hasan, Ian Graeme Heggie, Jesko S. contributions were provided by Richard Hentschel, Bernard Hoekman, Gordon Ackermann, James Adams, Ehtisham Hughes, David Hummels, Athar Hus- Ahmad, Junaid Ahmad, Tauheed Ah- sain, Zahid Hussain, Roumeen Islam, med, Jock Anderson, Lance Anelay, Emmanuel Jimenez, Ian Johnson, Bar- Preeti Arora, Jehan Arulpragasam, Roy bara Kafka, Ravi Kanbur, Kamran Khan, ⁄ Anupam Khanna, Homi Kharas, Bona Kim, Daniela Theresa Moyo, Fidelis Mtatifikolo, Charles Mutalemwa, Klingebiel, Tufan Kolan, Mihaly Kopanyi, Nicholas Crispin Mwanyika, Mthuli Ncube, Dominique Njin- Kraft, Kathie Krumm, Donald Larson, Kyu Sik Lee, keu, Temitope Oshikoya, T. Ademole Oyejide, Hajji Danny Leipziger, Robert Litan, Peter Lloyd, Millard Semboja, Joseph Semboja, and Moshe Syrquin; in Long, Susan Loughhead, Patrick Low, Michael Lyons, London (NGOs): T. Allen, Tamsyn Barton, Teddy Brett, Dorsati Madani, Antonio Magalhaes, Catherine Mann, Ashvin Dayal, Nicholas Fenton, Alistair Fraser, Caro- Manuel Marino, Keith Maskus, Douglas Massey, line Harper, A. Hussain, Duncan McLaren, Richard Subodh Mathur, Alexander F. McCalla, Kathleen B. McNally, Claire Melamet, Brian O’Riordan, and David McCollom, Dominique van der Mensbrugghe, Patrick Woodward; in Paris: Scott Barrett, Jean Claude Ber- Messerlin, Jonathan Michie, Steven Miller, Pradeep thélemy, François Bourguignon, Richard Carey, Won Mitra, Gobind Nankani, Benno Ndulu, Vikram Nehru, Hho Cho, Daniel Cohen, Jean-Marie Cour, A. De Eric Neumayer, Kenneth Newcombe, Ian Newport, Palma, Zdenek Drabek, Patrice J. Dufour, Richard Francis Ng, Judy O’Connor, W. Paatii Ofosu-Amaah, Eglin, John Hawkins, Pierre Jacquet, Ad Koekkoek, Alexandra Ortiz, Tracey Osborne, Kyran O’Sullivan, Patrick Messerlin, Robert F. Owen, Pier Carlo Padoan, Samuel K. E. Otoo, Berk Ozler, John Page, Stefano Hubert Prevot, Rémy Prud’homme, Thérèse Pujolle, Pagiola, Eul Yong Park, Antonio Parra, Odil Tunali Regine Qualman, Helmut Reisen, Karl Sauvant, Paul Payton, Guy Pfeffermann, Rachel Phillipson, Robert Spray, Rolph Van Der Hoeven, Daniel Voizot, and Picciotto, Gunars Platais, Lant Pritchett, Tom Prusa, Soogil Young; in São Paulo: Suman Bery, Shahid Javed Rudolf V. Van Puymbroeck, Regine Qualmann, Navaid Burki, Claudia Dutra, Javier Fraga, Carlos Langoni, Qureshi, S. K. Rao, Martin Ravallion, Gordon Redding, Marcos Mendes, Gobind Nankani, Fernando Rezende, Don Reisman, J. David Richardson, Gabriel Roth, Arun Richard Webb, Jorge Wilheim, and Juan Zapata; in Sanghvi, Barbara Santos, Karl Sauvant, Norbert Schady, Singapore: Shankar Acharya, Kym Anderson, Masahisa Sergio Schmulker, Jitendra J. Shah, Zmarak Shalizi, Fujita, Utis Kaothien, Ya-Yeow Kueh, Rajiv Lall, Howard Shatz, Martin Slough, Stephen Smith, Richard Rakesh Mohan, Romeo Ocampo, Phang Sock Yong, Stren, Maria Stuttaford, Hiroaki Suzuki, Hans Helmut Mohd. Haflah Piei, Peter J. Rimmer, David Satterth- Taake, Vito Tanzi, Stanley Taylor, Brigida Tuason, waite, Guo Shuqing, Victor Sit, Lyn Squire, Augustine P. Zafiris Tzannatos, Anthony Venables, David Vines, Tan, Douglas Webster, John Wong, and Chia Siow Yue; Michael Walton, Robert Watson, Dana Weist, George in Tokyo: Kengo Akizuki, Masahiko Aoki, Judith Ban- T. West, Matthew Westfall, Debbie Wetzel, John Whal- ister, Sang-Chuel Choe, Ryo Fujikura, Yukiko Fuka- ley, David Wheeler, Alex Wilks, Fahrettin Yagci, Kei-Mu gawa, Shun’Ichi Furukawa, Fan Gang, Kazumi Goto, Yi, Roberto Zagha, Akbar Zaidi, Anders Zeijlon, and Naomi Hara, Yujiro Hayami, Akiyoshi Horiuchi, Shi- Heng-Fu Zou. geru Ishikawa, Yoshitsugu Kanemoto, Hisakazu Kato, Other valuable assistance was provided by Nobuko Tetsuo Kidokoro, Fukunari Kimura, Naohiro Kitano, Aoki, Pansy Chintha, Meta de Coquereaumont, Kate Fu-Chen Lo, Katsuji Nakagane, Shuzo Nakamura, Kat- Hull, Keiko Itoh, Mika Iwasaki, Mani Jandu, Polly sutoshi Ohta, Takashi Onishi, M. G. Quibria, John M. Means, Boris Pleskovic, Jean Gray Ponchamni, F. Halsey Quigley, Kunio Saito, Yuji Suzuki, Kazuo Takahashi, Rogers, Bruce Ross-Larson, and Tomoko Hagimoto. Junichi Yamada, Toru Yanagihara, and Yue-Man Yeung; A wide range of consultations was undertaken for NGOs in Tokyo: Takeo Asakura, Kazuko Aso, Ienari this report. We wish to thank Scott Barrett, Chia Siow Dan, Francisco P. Flores, Yoko Kitazawa, Satoru Mat- Yue, David Currie, Patrice Dufour, Riccardo Faini, sumoto, Setsuko Matsumoto, Sakoe Saito, Kiyotake Carlos Fortin, Norman Gall, Morris Goldstein, E. Takahashi, Michiko Takahashi, Kunio Takaso, and Monty Graham, Katherine Hagen, Andrew Hughes Yoshiko Wakayamwa. Hallett, Gudrun Kochendorfer, Patrick Low, Martin The team consulted with the Asian Development Mayer, Andrew Rogerson, Jagdish Saigal, Robert Bank (ADB), the Bank for International Settlements Skidelsky, and Alfredo Sfeir-Younis; in Dar es Salaam: (BIS), the European Bank for Reconstruction and De- James Adams, Haidiri Amani, Patrick Asea, Melvin velopment (EBRD), the Organisation for Economic Ayogu, Enos Bukuku, Sumana Dhar, Augustin F. Fosu, Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Interna- T. Ayme Gogue, Mats Harsmar, Satu Kahkonen, Brian tional Labour Organization (ILO), the United Nations Kahn, Louis Kasekende, Frederick Kilby, A. K. Maziku, Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the United 32. Thomas 1999. Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Inter- 33. World Bank 1999a; Dollar 1999. national Monetary Fund (IMF), the German Develop- 34. North 1997. 35. A complete political economy model needs to include ment Forum, the Commonwealth Secretariat, the U.K. an agent with the authority to establish or alter the rules under Department for International Development (DFID), which any game is played. In the national context the govern- the Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund (Japan), the ment is such an agent. It is neither a benevolent despot maxi- Foundation for Advanced Studies on International De- mizing a societal welfare function nor a neutral umpire, but a velopment (Japan), and the Institute of Southeast Asian privileged, self-interested agent in the game. Moreover, govern- Studies (Singapore). ment consists of layers of agents who are responsible to each other and to outside constituencies in differing ways. For a gen- Endnotes eral treatment of rule makers, see Altaf (1983). 36. The examples in this and the following four paragraphs Introduction are drawn from the last two World Development Reports (World 1. Pritchett 1997. Bank 1998m; World Bank 1997d), unless otherwise noted. 2. Among some of the more widely cited papers on why and 37. Burki and Perry 1998. how convergence is not happening are Bernard and Durlauf 38. Burki and Perry 1998. 1996; Easterly and Levine 1997; Pritchett 1997, 1998; Quah 39. Ravallion and Chen 1998. 1993; and Sachs and Warner 1997b. 40. UNDP 1998. 3. Some papers that find strong evidence of conditional con- 41. Ravallion and Chen 1998. vergence are: Barro 1991; Mankiw, Romer, and Weil 1992; 42. World Bank 1998. Sachs 1996; and Sala-i-Martin 1997. Caselli, Esquivel and 43. WHO 1999. Lefort (1996) suggest the convergence rate to country-specific 44. Jamison 1993. steady states could be even faster than the cross-country rate of 45. See Ridley (1997) on future disease threats in an urban two percent per year. environment. 4. See Aziz and Wescott (1997) on the need for macro pol- 46. Walt 1998. icy complimentarity and Stiglitz (1998a) on the need for a 47. Fredland (1998) explores the wider political and psycho- broader approach involving a range of elements. logical consequences of AIDS for the course of development in 5. Lewis 1955. Sub-Saharan Africa. 6. Stiglitz 1998b. 48. WHO 1999; Marsh 1998.
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