District Level Project Implementation Unit Grant Management and Local Infrastructure Chautara, Sindhupalchok

Government of Nepal National Reconstruction Authority Central Level Project Implementation Unit District Level Project Implementation Unit Grant Management and Local Infrastructure Chautara, Sindhupalchok

EARTHQUAKE HOUSING RECONSTRUCTION PROJECT (EHRP)

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) Sub Project Name: Maintenance of Kakling Tole Chauki Drinking Water Supply System Sub Project Location: Thulo Pakhar - 7, Lisankhu Pakhar Rural Municipality

Fiscal Year: 2075/076 Salient Features of Sub Projects SN Particulars Description

1 Name of Project Maintenance of Kakling Tole Chauki Drinking Water Supply System 2 Type of Project Water Supply 3 Location Thulo Pakhar -7, Lisankhu Pakhar Rural Municipality 4 District Sindhupalchok 5 Nos. of Beneficiary HHs 84 6 No of Earthquake Beneficiary 278 7 Major Works Construction of intake and maintenance of reservoir tank 8 Existing Structures 3 reservoir tank 9 User Contribution (NRs.) 8975 Project Contribution (NRs.) 93202 Total Estimated Cost (NRs.) 102177 10 Per Capita Cost (NRs.) 367 11 Rationality Increase water demand for reconstruction 12 How does the Proposed Project Issue of water unavailability was found to Fulfill the Provision of EHRP- be hindering the progress of ESMF reconstruction of private houses 13 ESSR Approved Not Applicable 14 ESMP Prepared Yes 15 Earthquake and Safeguard Perspective of the Proposal In Thulo Pakhar, intake and collection tank of Kakling Tole Chauki drinking water supply system was found to be damaged. Due to the leakage of intake and collection tank, the locals were facing problems of shortage of water. Because of the additional temporary demand of water for reconstruction and water for daily household’s chores, the locals of Kakling and Chauki Tole were facing problem of shortage of water. Similarly, all beneficiaries of sub projects i.e. 84 HHs were reconstruction beneficiaries and more than 40 % HHs are yet to receive 3rd tranche. 16 Technical Data 1. Number of HHs to be 34 reconstructed during the project selection 2. Vulnerable HHs (with 01 (People living with disabilities) Categories) 01 (Single women above 65 years) 3. Source Name Okhreni 4. Source Discharge 0.6 lit/sec 5. Reservoir Capacity NA 6. Break Pressure Tank Number 00 7. Length of Pipeline 6.5 km 8. Number of Tap Stand 00

Abbreviations and Acronyms CBS Central Bureau of Statistic CLPIU Central Level Project Implementation Unit DLPIU District Level Project Implementation Unit EHRP Earthquake Housing Reconstruction Project ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan GMaLI Grant Management and Local Infrastructure GoN Government of Nepal GPS Global Positioning System HDPE High Density Polyethylene NRA National Reconstruction Authority MIS Management Information System PDNA Post Disaster Needs Assessment PPE Personal Protective Equipment PVC Polyvinyl Chloride RM Rural Municipality UC User Committee VDC Village Development Committee

Units and Symbols amsl Above Mean Sea Level ◦C Degree Celsius Km Kilometer LS Lump sum Lit. Liter m. Meter m3 Cubic Meter Nos. Number

Table of Contents

CONTENTS Salient Features of Sub Projects ...... 2 Abbreviations and Acronyms ...... 3 Units and Symbols ...... 3 Table of Contents ...... 4 Lists of Figures ...... 4 Lists of Tables ...... 4 1. Introduction ...... 5 1.1 Background ...... 5 2. Objectives of ESMP ...... 5 3. Description of Sub-Project ...... 6 3.1 Site Description ...... 6 3.2 Environmental and Social Issues ...... 6 3.3 Rationale of Sub-Project ...... 7 4. Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) ...... 7 5. ESMP Estimated Cost/Budget ...... 8 6. Occupational Health and Safety ...... 8 7. Implementation and Monitoring of ESMP ...... 9 8. Expected Outcomes ...... 10 9. Conclusions ...... 10 10. References ...... 10 Annexes ...... i Photographs ...... xv

Lists of Figures Figure 1: Sub Project Location ...... 6 Figure 2: Environmental and Social Monitoring Mechanism...... 9

Lists of Tables Table 1: Environmental and Social Management Plan ...... 8 Table 2: ESMP Budget ...... 8 Table 3: Safeguard Work Implementation Plan ...... 9

1. Introduction 1.1 Background On Saturday, 25 April 2015, a 7.6 magnitude earthquake (Nepal’s National Seismological Centre), struck Barpak, Gorkha, about 76 km northwest of Kathmandu. Ever since the first recorded earthquake of 1255 AD that killed one-third of the population of the Kathmandu Valley and its King, Abhaya Malla, Nepal has experienced a major earthquake every few generations (PDNA, 2015). The last great earthquake (of magnitude 8.4) in 1934 AD resulted in more than 10,000 deaths in the Kathmandu Valley.

After the Nepal Earthquake of April 2015 and subsequent aftershocks including of May 2015, had left wide spread damaged residential houses, heritage sites, water supply system, government building, schools, rural road, hospitals, health posts, agricultural land, trekking routes, hydropower plants etc. To date, there are over 8,790 casualties and 22,300 injuries (PDNA, 2015). It is estimated that the lives of eight million people, almost one-third of the population of Nepal, have been impacted by these earthquakes. The disaster also emphasized aspects of inequities in Nepali society across geography, income and gender. Poorer rural areas have been more adversely affected than towns and cities due to their inferior quality of houses. More women and girls died than men and boys, partly because of gendered roles that disproportionately assign indoor chores to women (PDNA, 2015).

Thirty-two of the country’s 77 districts have been affected, out of which 14 district were severely affected while 18 district were partially affected. Sindhupalchok district was identified by the Government of Nepal (GoN) as one of the most severely affected districts by the earthquake with around 3,500 deaths which is the highest total number of casualties in a district i.e. around 40 per cent of the total in Nepal and 1,569 cases of injury (District Disaster Relief Committee, Sindhupalchok). Similarly, the damage to infrastructure was quite severe with destruction individual houses. Many health posts and schools, public infrastructures, security posts, trekking routes, hydropower plants etc. were also severely affected and many of those were completely destroyed. Of the estimated 288,000 people in the district, 99 per cent were affected by the earthquake (Nepal Earthquake, 2015).

2. Objectives of ESMP The objective of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) are:  To identify and address the site-specific environmental and social issues of earthquake housing reconstruction project.  To recommend measures for minimization and mitigation of adverse impacts.

3. Description of Sub-Project 3.1 Site Description Location and Terrain The sub project is located at Okreni of Lisankhu Pakhar Rural Municipality, Ward Number 7 (previously Thulo Pakhar VDC). It is 58 km from Chautara Sangachokgadi Municipality of Sindhupalchok, Province Number 3 and 97 Km from Kathmandu, Federal capital city of Nepal.

Climate and Vegetation The sub project site is in Indian monsoon Maintenance of region and climate can be divided into Kakling Tole three distinct season’s viz. winter from Chauki DWSS November-March, summer from April- May and rainy from May-October with Figure 1: Sub Project Location mean annual temperature of 18°C, with maximum temperature of 32.5°C and minimum of 5°C and annual rainfall of 1615 mm. The sub-tropical forest species vegetation including Utis (Alnus nepalensis), Chilaune (Schima wallichii) etc. are found in the sub project site.

Human Population and Occupation The total population of Ward number 7, Thulo Pakhar was 2909 (Male: 1342 Female: 1567) and the total households was 758 according to CBS, 2011. Agriculture, foreign employment etc. are the major sources of income of the people. Potato, maize, millet etc. are the major crops grown and Tamang, Shrestha, Kshetri, Dalit’s etc. are the major ethnic groups.

In Ward No. 07 of Lisankhu Pakhar Rural Municipality, former Thulo Pakhar VDC the total housing reconstruction beneficiaries are 1069 of which 1048, 858 and 599 have already received 1st tranche, 2nd tranche and 3rd tranche respectively (2019/01/07, EHRP-MIS data).

3.2 Environmental and Social Issues In Thulo Pakhar, intake and collection tank of Kakling Tole Chauki drinking water supply system was found to be damaged. Due to the leakage of intake and collection tank, the locals were facing problems regarding the lack of drinking water and problem associate with reconstruction due additional water demand.

3.3 Rationale of Sub-Project Because of the additional temporary demand of water for reconstruction and water for daily household’s chores, the locals of Kakling and Chauki Tole were facing problem of shortage of water. To meet the growing water demand the locals were forced to fetch water far from their settlement. Similarly, all beneficiaries of sub projects i.e. 84 HHs are reconstruction beneficiaries and more than 40 % HHs are yet to receive 3rd tranche. Thus after environmental and social verification/validation, the issue of Chauki and Kakling Tole was found to be project related.

4. Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) To identify and assess physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural issues and to recommend measures for avoidance, minimization and mitigation of adverse impacts due to Earthquake Housing Reconstruction Project (EHRP), one day orientation and consultation program was held at office of rural municipal executive of Lisankhu Pakhar rural municipality comprising rural municipality chairperson, vice chairperson, ward chairperson, chief executive officer, members of rural municipal executive, ward members and representatives from different line agencies.

The ESMP includes cost effective mitigation measure i.e. construction of intake and maintenance of reservoir tank of Kakling Tole Chauki drinking water supply system to mitigate the issue of difficulty in reconstruction due to water inaccessibility, which was raised during orientation and consultation meeting (Annex II) and verified/validated during field visit .

During the preparation of ESMP, various documents such as district profile, former VDC profile, CBS publication and publication of line agencies at district level and other project related reports were reviewed. Likewise, Google Earth map was also used as references for the overview of the sub project area. GPS (Garmin) was used to determine location of sub project. Similarly, field verification/validation, measurements and consultation with ward chairperson, ward secretary, beneficiaries and locals were also carried out.

Table 1: Environmental and Social Management Plan

Environmental Environmental Impact/Aspects Potential Likely Impact Location Mitigation Measures Cost Mitigation Beneficiaries Time of action Responsibility

Shortage of Shortage of water Thulo 1.Construction NRs. 84 Chaitra- Users water resulting in Pakhar - of intake 102177 HHS Ashar, Committee delayed in housing 7 2075/76 reconstruction 2. Maintenance Rural of reservoir tank Municipality DL-PIU, GMaLI The final ESMP document will be shared and implemented in the consultation and coordination with rural municipality, ward of rural municipality, CL-PIU, DL-PIU, GMaLI and other related government and non-governmental line agencies.

5. ESMP Estimated Cost/Budget The ESMP identified construction of intake and maintenance of reservoir tank of Kakling Tole Chauki drinking water supply system as cost effective mitigation measure during alternative analysis.

The summary of ESMP cost/budget is presented in Table 2. Table 2: ESMP Budget S.N. Description of work Amount Remarks 1 Construction of 1 m3 intake 80000 L.S 2 Maintenance of existing reservoir tank 22177 L.S 3 Total Amount 102177 4 Users Committee Contribution Amount 8975 5 DL-PIU, GMaLI Contribution Amount 93202 6 Grand Total 102177

6. Occupational Health and Safety DL-PIU, GMaLI will ensure that workers are provided with a safe and healthy working environment, taking into account to risks and hazards in the subproject work i.e. physical hazards. The members of User’s Committee (UC) and workers will be made aware of potential hazards, accidents and injuries associated with sub project, identifying, minimizing the causes of potential hazards and how to manage these risks and hazards. Similarly, personal protection equipment’s (PPEs) will be provided to the workers.

7. Implementation and Monitoring of ESMP The implementation of mitigation measure will be carried out through User’s Committee (UC). Formation, mobilization and management of the UC will be as per the GoN prevailing rules and regulations. The work implementation plan is presented in Table no. 3 Table 3: Safeguard Work Implementation Plan Activity/Months Month Falgun Chaitra Baisakh Jestha Ashar ESMP Consultation Meeting, Field Verification, ESMP Preparation and Approval from DL-PIU, GMaLI User Committee Formation and Agreement Implementation of Work

Monitoring and Evaluation

Work Completion

The monitoring mechanism will be as per the revised Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF). However, the District Environment and Social Safeguard Unit will develop its field monitoring plan and will monitor the compliance of the ESMP and progress of sub project activities accordingly and submit monitoring report.

The proposed organogram for the implementation and monitoring of ESMP is presented in figure 2

NRA World Bank

CLPIU/GMaLI Environment & Social Safeguard Unit (Environment and Social Development Specialist)

DL-PIU (GMaLI)  Environment Specialist  Rural Municipality  Social Development Specialist  Rural Municipal Ward Office  User’s Committee  Monitoring Committee

Monitoring of Maintenance of Kakling Tole Chauki Drinking Water Supply System

Figure 2: Environmental and Social Monitoring Mechanism

8. Expected Outcomes The expected outcomes of ESMP implementation are as follows:  Acceleration of private housing reconstruction.  Safe drinking water and sanitation facilities.  Support in improvement of personal health and hygiene of beneficiaries.

9. Conclusions During consultation the ward chairperson of Thulo Pakhar raised the issue of water unavailability for reconstruction. After environmental and social verification, the issue was found to be project related. The issue of water unavailability was found to be delaying the progress of housing reconstruction.

Reviewing various documents, field verification/validation, measurements and consultations with different stakeholders, site specific ESMP was prepared which identified construction of intake and maintenance of reservoir tank of Kakling Tole Chauki drinking water supply system as cost effective mitigation measures. After the implementation of ESMP, it is expected to mitigate adverse impact due EHRP and accelerate private housing reconstruction along with providing safe drinking water and sanitation facilities resulting in improvement of personal health and hygiene of beneficiaries.

10. References National Population and Housing Census, Central Bureau of Statistics, 2011 Post Disaster Needs Assessment, National Planning Commission, Government of Nepal, 2015 Sindhupalchok District Profile, Central Bureau of Statistics, 2018 Environmental and Social Management Framework, Government of Nepal, 2018

Annexes Annex I: Detail Cost Estimate

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Annex II: Rural Municipal Level Consultation Meeting on ESMP Minute

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Annex III: Rural Municipality Recommendation

Annex IV: Rural Municipality Ward Recommendation

Annex V: List of Sub Project Beneficiaries

Name of Sub Sn. Project Gender Ethnicity Address Remarks Beneficiaries Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 1 Sury Bdr Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 2 Lal Bdr Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 3 Karma Dong Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 4 Nima Dorje Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Lakpa Tshiring Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 5 Male Janajati Lama 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 6 Karshan Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 7 Tara Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 8 Dipak Kumar Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 9 Dev Dorje Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 10 Tara Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 11 Sanjog Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 12 Thuli Maya Lamani Female Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 13 Dinesh Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 14 Raj Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 15 Kaila Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 16 Singh Bdr Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 17 Nema Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 18 Ganesh Kunar Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 19 Sonam Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 20 Bhupendra Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 21 Pema Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary

Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 22 Hari Bdr Shrestha Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Krishna Bdr Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 23 Male Janajati Shrestha 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 24 Bal Bdr Shrestha Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 25 Durga Thapa Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 26 Dipesh Shrestha Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 27 Nar Bdr Shrestha Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 28 Bijay Shrestha Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 29 Anil Shrestha Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 30 Babulal Shrestha Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 31 Bal Bdr Shrestha Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 32 Nima Dolmo Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 33 Pema namgel Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 34 Jagat Bdr Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 35 Sanjeeb Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 36 Bikash Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 37 Sanjaya Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 38 Saila Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 39 Pema Dorje Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 40 Kanchi Lama Female Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 41 Prabin Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 42 Nabin Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 43 Goma Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 44 Sonam Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 45 Pema Sherpa Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary

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Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 46 Kamal Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Kamal Kumari Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 47 Female Janajati Lama 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 48 Ratna Sagar Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 49 Awang Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 50 Kundui Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 51 Bali Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 52 Pasanga Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 53 Rupa Lama Female Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 54 Prurna Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 55 Urmila Lama Female Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 56 Purne Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 57 Pasanga Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 58 Kumari Lama Female Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 59 Chankra Dhoj Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 60 Nima Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 61 Lila Dhoj Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 62 Amit Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 63 Binod Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 64 Bir Bdr Basnet Male Chhetri 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 65 Raj Kumar Basnet Male Chhetri 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 66 Sunil Basnet Male Chhetri 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 67 Palgun Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 68 Kami Tamang Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 69 Kumar Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary

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Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 70 Radhika Darnal Female Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 71 Mithu Devi Lama Female Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 72 Lakpa Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 73 Kumar Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 74 Panja Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 75 Masini Lama Female Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 76 Min Maya Lama Female Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 77 Min Kumari Lama Female Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 78 Anju Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 79 Sury Bdr Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 80 Ram Bdr Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 81 Ghyanbo Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 82 Lanam Dorje Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 83 Syamo Yamo Lama Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary Thulo Pakhar- Reconstruction 84 Dorje Tamang Male Janajati 7 Beneficiary

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Photographs