OCTOBER-NOVEMBER 19591 NO. 38

BELGIUM, FRANCE, GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC, ITALY, LUXEMBOURG, THE NETHERLANDS

COMMISSION URGES NEW LIBERAL TRADE MOVES Hallstein Proposes Reduction of Transition Period in Five-Point Program

The Common Market's executive body, the European Eco­ 3. it must not prejudice the existence of the Community; nomic Commission, has made practical new proposals to and break the deadlock between the Six and the other mem­ 4. it must take into account the Community's relations ber nations of the Organization for European Economic with countries outside Western Europe. Cooperation (OEEC). The new proposals, which were drawn up by the Commission for a special committee rep­ The Five-Point Program resenting the Commission and the six national governments, Because agreement among the six governments had not yet were outlined by Commission President Walter Hallstein been reached on all these points, the Commission proposed before the European Parliament in Strasbourg on Septem­ a series of liberal trade measures which, without compro­ ber 24. mising the positions of principle of the six member govern­ The setting for President Hallstein's. statement was pro­ ments, could go a long way toward easing the problems of vided by Dutch Catholic member P. A. Blaisse who pre­ association. sented a report of the Parliament's Foreign Trade Policy Committee on a proposed European Economic Association. In the course of M. Blaisse's presentation, he asked whether IN THIS ISSUE the Commission really wanted a multilateral European Eco­ page nomic Association at all. Many members, he added, had 3 RISE IN PRODUCTION FORECAST grave doubts whether it did. 4 COMMON MARKET TALKS WITH In reply, President Hallstein admitted that the new pro­ GREECE, TURKEY posals of the Commission made no mention of a multilat­ 5 OVERSEAS AID-STUDY TOUR eral European Economic Association but declared that the 5 EURATOM SIGNS TREATY WITH CANADA Commission was not against it. However, he said that the 7 EURATOM SPONSORS U.S. TOUR Commission recommended another approach. "The method 8 COMMUNITY-WIDE SUPPORT FOR ECSC we have adopted," he said, "is to let the fundamental ques­ tion rest for awhile and to seek a way out of the present 9 MALVESTITI PLEDGES PRESERVATION deadlock." OF HIGH AUTHORITY POWERS Moreover, President Hallstein asserted, M. Blais.se had 10 A FRENCH REPORT ON ECSC put the question (concerning a European Economic Asso­ 10 NEW HIGH AUTHORITY RESEARCH PROJECTS ciation) in too general a form. He said the Commission 11 AID FOR BELGIAN COAL PRODUCERS could not answer yes until four conditions were fulfilled: 13 STEEL OUTPUT AT ALL-TIME HIGH 1. it must be technically possible; 14 NEWSBRIEFS 2. it must be politically acceptable, since the Commission 16 PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE itself could not decree a solution;

Published and distributed on behalf of the European Community for Coal and Steel, Luxembourg, and the European Atomic Energy Community, Bruuelr, by Leonard Tennyton, In­ formation Contultant for the European Community, 220 Southern Building, Washington 5, D. C., Telephone NAtional 8-7067. Registration statements, together witk copier of thit bulletin, have bun filed with the Dept. of Justice under 22 U.S.C., sec. 611 et seq. and are available for public inspection. Registration doe.r not imply governmental approval. 2 1. QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS For Multilateral Association The Commission proposed the gradual abolition of all The report of the European Parliament's Foreign Trade quotas on imports of industrial goods from all non-member Policy Committee had strongly urged the need for a multi­ countries on a reciprocal basis with additional increases in lateral association between the Six and the "Outer Seven." nil and negligible quotas. The Six should take the initiative in opening talks with the other OEEC countries, it said. The Committee believed 2. TARIFFS that formation of the Free Trade Area of the Seven would a) the Community should declare its willingness to extend greatly improve the chances of success of a European Eco­ to all countries unilaterally the second round of internal nomic Association. tariff cuts to take place in the Common Market on The Committee urged that negotiations be opened di­ July 1, 1960; no tariff for other countries would, how­ rectly between the Six and the Seven while keeping the ever, be reduced below the level of the Community's other OEEC member countries informed. The EEC could common external tariff still to come into force; be designated to negotiate on behalf of the Six to get things b) talks should be held immediately with the other Euro­ moving. A new meeting of the OEEC ministers should be pean countries to give the next round of GATT nego­ called to make a joint declaration that they still aimed at a tiations the fullest possible effect as part of a broad European Economic Association. liberal tariff policy toward the world as a whole; The question of association had now become essentially c) the Six should propose a new round of substantial tariff a political one, the Committee said. The division of Europe cuts after the 1960-61 GATT conference; into two blocs would be dangerous at a moment when unity is needed more than ever. Association would bring new d) to ease any acute difficulties which other European possibilities of dynamism and economic expansion and also countries might experience, tariff quotas could be nego­ avoid the danger of diversions of trade. tiated for them insofar as they were compatible with GATT. Unity Intact 3. COOPERATION WITH OTHER MAJOR ECONOMIC UNITS The Committee insisted with President Hallstein that in any association the unity of the Six must not only be kept intact With other major economic units such as the U.S. and but strengthened and speeded up. It said no association Great Britain, the Community should coordinate cyclical could be formed unless the following five conditions were economic policy ( conjoncture) and should propose the observed: drawing up of a concerted world-wide plan for aid to less­ 1. there would have to be rules to prevent distortion of developed countries. competition by cartels, monopolies and dumping; 4. EUROPEAN LIAISON COMMITTEE 2. liberalization must cover agricultural as well as indus­ A committee representing the Community on the one hand trial goods; and the other European countries or such groups as mi.ght 3. economic policy must be coordinated to avoid the re­ emerge, on the other hand, should be set up to: establishment of trade barriers as a result of divergent a) examine difficult trade sectors where problems might policies; arise, and 4. less-developed countries must get special aid from the b) propose solutions on specific problems (e.g. tariff more developed countries; quotas). 5. the external tariff must be harmonized as far as possible. 5. STRENGTHENING THE COMMON MARKET Parliament Gives Broad Approval President Hallstein made two specific suggestions for During the debate on Prof. Hallstein's statement and the strengthening the Community, which he said was a prime Blaisse report, which opened the following day, the new condition for a liberal Community policy toward the rest proposals met with broad general approval, though the of the world: session opened with critical statements by two Socialist a) the Common Market's transition period should be speakers. shortened and a joint foreign-trade policy worked out The first, Dutch Socialist Mr. van der Goes van Naters, more quickly, as proposed by various sectors, including warned the Commission that, although the Dutch were the the Conseil National du Patronat Fran~ais (the French most convinced of Europeans and the strongest supporters Employers Federation); of the unity of the Six, they should not be pushed too far. They could not go on putting off a solution of the Com­ b) there should be closer coordination of economic poli­ munity's relationship with third countries. There had been cies, as suggested recently by German Secretary of State too much "immobilism" in the external relations of the Six, Muller-Armack, and possibly even a common economic he said. policy. German Socialist Ludwig Metzger wanted a clear state­ Professor Hallstein stressed that the Commission re­ ment on the need for a multilateral association between the garded these proposals as not being the last word. They Six and the Seven which could be brought about if there were an effort to get things moving again between the Six were a mutual readiness to make concessions. In general, and the other OEEC countries. "The door is completely however, he welcomed the Common Market executive's open," he concluded. new initiative. Supplement to EUROPEAN COMMUNITY BULLETIN NO. 38

'Frana

Members of the European Community Also associated with the OEEC and GAIT (White Area) Belgium, France, Germany (Federal Republic), Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Population-165 million Area-449,000 square miles Other Member Nations of OEEC (Light Shaded Area) Austria, Denmark, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom.

Publi1hetl M~4 tlirtributetl on 64half of the Ewropem Community for Cotd •ntl Ste1l, Lux•mbourr, antl the Europe"" Atomic lnerr1 Community, Brussels, b, Leor14Wtl Tertn11cm, In­ fortn4tion Comult.nt for th• European Community, !!0 Southern Buildint, Warhinrton 5, D. C., Telephone NAtional 8-7067. Reti.rtration rliltemmtl, totetlur rDiih copies of this bull.tin, hAve been filed with th• Dept. of/urtice uruln II U.S.C., uc. 811 •t seq. tm4 .,, av12ilahle for puhl~ itllpection. Retirtration does not Smpl7 rov.,..,.t.J •PtrovM. •• \ fran '

'Edgian Conga

Overseas Countries and Territories Associated with the European Economic Community (White Area) (Ref. Articles 131 to 136 of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community) African Associates- Republics of the Chad, the Congo, Dahomey, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Niger, Togoland; the Central African Republic, the Gaboon Republic, the Malagash Republic and dependencies, the Mauritanian Islamic Republic, the Sudanese Republic, and the Voltaic Republic; the State of the Cameroons and the State of Senegal; French Somaliland; the Belgian Congo and Ruanda-Urundi; the Italian Trusteeship Territory in Somaliland. Other Associates- The French settlements in Oceania and the Southern and Antarctic Territories; St. Pierre and Miquelon, the Comoro Archipelago, New Caledonia and dependencies, and the Netherlands New Guinea. Population-53 million Total population of the European Community with Overseas Countries and Territories-218 million.

Issued by: TH E E U R 0 P E AN C0 M M U N I TY I NF 0 R M A Tl 0N SE R VI CE 220 SOUTHERN BUILDING, WASHINGTON 5, D. C. Speaking for the Liberal Group, former French Premier German Bundesrat. 3 Rene Pleven approved the Commission's new "gesture of Jean Duvieusart (Belgian Christian Socialist) gave the good will." He described the liaison committee as the proposals the official support of the Christian Democrat major feature of the proposals and praised especially the group. He stressed again the group's com!Jiete fidelity to limitation of its activity to practical problems. The Liberal the Rome Treaty and at the same time the need, as well as Group thought it should sit in Brussels or, failing that, in the Treaty obligation, to negotiate with other countries. Geneva, attached to GATT. The process of establishing the The group thought the Hallstein proposals and the Blaisse Common Market should be speeded up as the Commission report could both contribute to finding a solution; it ap­ proposed, and .if the Community prospered, it would be proved all negotiations with any nations or groups of able to adopt an increasingly liberal policy. nations under the conditions set out in the Blaisse report. An Individual View Rey Clinches the Commission's Case Christian Lunet de Ia Malene, of the French U.N.R., speak­ Replying for the Common Market Commission, Commis­ ing on his own behalf, said that France was silent on the sion member and former Belgian Economics Minister Jean question of a multilateral European Economic Association Rey said that the Community could no longer afford the because she had nothing to add to the obligations she had luxury of not defining its external-trade policy. The Com­ accepted under the Common Market Treaty. Those who mission had had to make practical proposals in order to wanted free trade areas should come out into the open and get something done while the six governments were still be prepared to give up integration in the Community of the not agreed on principles. Six. He condemned the Hallstein proposals as offering to The Commission was ready to consider all possible ways the remaining European countries the major advantages of of easing any real difficulties which might arise for other the Treaty-the dismantling of tariff and quota restrictions countries, while bearing in mind that difficulties of member -without these countries having to accept the obligations states must also be considered. of the Rome Treaty. He personally would do everything Just as it had taken into account the French difficulties­ in his power to get a revision of the Common Market now largely removed following France's restoration to eco­ Treaty if France had to accept the burdens of free trade nomic health-it must consider the very real difficulties in addition to its Common Market obligations. which faced the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany, for After support for the new proposals from former Euro­ which trade with the other OEEC countries was vital. pean Parliament President Hans Fiirler (German Chris­ M. Rey said the Commission's proposals had been sym­ tian Democrat), and Italian Christian Democrat Guiseppe pathetically received by all six national delegations in the Caron, Walter Scheel (German Liberal Group) reminded special joint committee set up to deal with the problem M. de Ia Malene that the Rome Treaty incorporated solemn of external-trade relations. It was now up to the six govern­ obligations on the part of the signatories to negotiate with ments to whom the proposals had been submitted. He con­ non-member countries so as to ease their difficulties and cluded: "The time has come when, in its external relations, help expand trade in general. That was one of the reasons the Community should gather its strength and move for­ why ratification had been accepted unanimously by the ward." COMMISSION FORECASTS CONTINUED UPSWING IN ECONOMY Industrial Production Expected to Rise 6-7 Per Cent- Prices Remain Stable

Industrial production in the European Community is ex­ ter of this year has now given place to a marked recovery. pected to be some 6.5 to 7.5 per cent higher in the final Most of the industries which had previously suffered­ quarter of 1959 than in the same period last year, according steel, textiles, clothing, leather-were rapidly recovering. to a recent report by the Common Market Commission. The one exception was the coal-mining industry. The re­ The index of industrial production for the second quarter covery, the report said, was due less to increased consump­ stood 6.4 per cent higher than in 1958, compared with only tion or private investment than to other elements in total 1.8 per cent in the first quarter. Community exports in the demand, especially to restocking and foreign trade. While second quarter, the report said, rose 11 per cent over those the trade position had improved generally, there had been in the corresponding period of 1958. a particular increase in trade with the United States. The report, which covers "The Economic Situation of the Community in mid-1959 and the Prospects for the Call for a Slowdown? Fourth Quarter," stated that the upswing was general Prices throughout the Community had so far been remark­ throughout the Community although it was more marked in ably stable, the report continued. Nevertheless, drought in Germany, Italy and the Netherlands. These three countries some areas had caused food prices to rise. Interest rates had already registered some expansion in 1958. In France, were beginning to creep up a little, and in certain sectors, where the effects of the recession had been felt later than particularly building, there were signs of a possible drain elsewhere, the slackening which was noted in the first quar- on manpower. To meet this situation, some countries, the 4 Industrial ,Production 1953 =1 oo 180 / 1957 1958 1959

170 I I

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- I I I ...... ----= - ;-:.:....-:-~---I ...... -- • Luxembourg ...... _ ..... ~ ...... - --.- .. , ... I I r· .... ----- . ,. ' L. Belgium 120 .,. ----- r------...... -- .....-··: I ...... -... t-- ...... - ...... -··--·· I i -··-·· .. I 110 F M. A M J J A S 0 N. D J F M A M J ASONDJ FMAMJ JASOND

report suggested, might have to slow down their rates of -to divert toward other member countries the excessive expansion although in others, a continued and even an demand which might appear in countries with the highest increased rate of growth was still desirable. rates of expansion; Provided that the short-term economic policies of mem­ -to insure a better distribution of the Community's man­ ber states were properly coordinated, the report concluded, power reserve; it should be possible for the Community's economy to expand even more rapidly without risk of inflationary -to use, as necessary, the reserve created by balance-of­ pressure. The main aims of such coordination should be: payments surpluses with regard to non-member countries.

COMMON MARKET BEGINS TALKS WITH GREECE AND TURKEY

Meeting in Brussels in September, delegations from the proposed association. Greek and Turkish Governments held separate preliminary "The talks covered such questions as the circulation of talks with representatives of the Common Market Commis­ goods and of persons, the right of establishment, the har­ sion to explore the possibilities of association with the monization of trade policy, and institutional problems, as European Community. The meetings followed decisions by well as the sales of agricultural products, particularly to­ the Community's Council of Ministers on July 25 and bacco, and financial aid, to which the Greek Government September 11 favoring the requests for association made by attaches particular importance." Greece on June 8 and by Turkey on July 31. In the communique issued at the end of the talks with In a communique issued at the end of the first meeting, Turkish representatives, the Commission said: the Commission declared: "The representatives of both parties described the prob­ "The Greek representatives described in detail Greece's lems raised by the proposed association and examined the problems and the government's proposal for the establish­ means of solving them in the common interest. The talks ment of a customs union with the Community. The repre­ covered the aid which the Community hopes to give to the sentatives of the Commission stated that the Community development of the Turkish economy, in harmony with intended to bring effective aid to the developing Greek that of the Community itself, and in particular the condi­ economy in order to achieve satisfactory balance in the tions for financial assistance to the Turkish investment pro- gram. The talks also touched on the questions raised, in note requesting association pointed out that already more 5 the context of a possible customs union, by the free circu­ than 50 per cent of Greek exports go to the Common lation of goods and particularly of Turkish agricultural Market, which in turn, supplies some 50 per cent of Greek products, as well as on the ways in which trade policy might imports. Turkey similarly sells about 40 per cent of her be harmonized." total exports to the Common Market and receives from it Both communiques spoke of the hope of reaching full some 35 per cent of her imports. agreement after further studies and talks to be held this fall. Greece's main exports to the rest of the world include Under the Common Market Treaty, other countries or tobacco, currants, mineral ores, cotton, olive oil, olives, international organizations may be associated with the resin, and turpentine. Her main imports, apart from food­ Community if their adhesion as full members is not, or not stuffs, include industrial raw materials, machinery and metal yet, possible. Association agreements are concluded by the manufactures, petroleum products, pharmaceutical and Council of Ministers acting unanimously after consultation chemical products, vehicles, timber, paper and paper pulp. by the European Parliament. Turkey's main exports include tobacco, fruits and nuts, cotton, mineral ores, etc. Her main imports include ma­ Close Trade Links chinery and electrical equipment, petroleum and petroleum Economically, as well as politically, both Greece and Tur­ products, cereals, chemicals and dyes, iron and steel prod­ key are closely linked with the Community. The Greek ucts, and rubber.

OVERSEAS AID - COMMON MARKET STUDY TOUR

A four-man team of Common Market experts took off for tember 22, were extended by the Common Market's De­ an October tour of African countries associated with the velopment Fund for Overseas Countries and Territories. Economic Community. Headed by Enrico Gambelli, direc­ On October 16, the EEC Commission announced ap­ tor of the trade section of the Department of Overseas proval of a $2,781,000 grant for school construction in the Countries and Territories, the group scheduled visits to the Niger Republic. The aid will be used in the new Republic's new Republics of the Chad, the Congo, and Gaboon, and five-year school-building program which is aimed at con­ the State of the Cameroons. structing accommodations for 116 primary-school groups The aim of the three-week visit, which follows previous and six secondary-school groups. visits to Madagascar and West Africa this year, will be to The grant will be broken down into two components. hold on-the-spot discussions with African officials concern­ The first-$! ,81 0,000-will come from the Common Mar­ ing problems raised by the application of the Treaty of ket's 19 58 budget, and the remainder from the 19 59 Rome. The October tour started just two weeks after EEC budget. Grants to the overseas countries and territories approval of $1,912,000 in non-repayable credits to the come from the Community's $581.25 million investment Chad and Gaboon Republics. The grants, announced Sep- fund and take the form of non-repayable aid.

EURATOM SIGNS TREATY WITH CANADA Two Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation Concluded

The Canadian Ambassador in Brussels and the Euratom on the heavy-water-moderated reactor type. Commission signed an outline agreement for cooperation The two agreements will enable the Community as a in the nuclear field between the Canadian Government and whole to profit from Canada's experience in the develop­ the European Atomi·c Energy Community at a ceremony ment of heavy-water-moderated reactors and will guarantee held in Brussels, October 6. At the same time, a technical the Canadians the technical backing of European industry agreement was signed by the Euratom Commission and the as regards construction and equipment. Interest shown by President of Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd. Community utilities and other enterprises in the heavy­ The outline agreement stipulates the conditions regulat­ water type of reactor was cited as promising wider collabo­ ing the exchange of all types of information, materials, and ration between European and Canadian manufacturers and equipment between persons and enterprises in Canada and scientists. A group of manufacturers from Community Europe. The technical agreement provides for the launch­ countries will visit Canada's nuclear center at Chalk River ing of a joint research and development program centered this fall at the invitation of Canadian officials. & A major objective of the Canada-Euratom Cooperation First Projects Proposed Agreement is a five-year, $1 0-million research and develop­ The outline agreement, which will come into force through ment program which will be carried on both in Canada and an exchange of notes, will remain in effect for a period of within the six Euratom countries. The R&D program will I 0 years and thereafter will be subject to cancellation with include study and development on the heavy·water-moder­ six months' notice by either party. ated, organic-cooled type of reactor and on the heavy­ The technical agreement, which lays down the details of water-moderated and cooled type of reactor and associated the joint research and development program, provides for equipment. The cost will be shared equally between Eur­ exchange of information, including basic designs of power atom and Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd. reactors and design information relating to reactor mate­ The agreements with Canada comprise: rials, fuel-core structures, heat exchangers, pumps, valves, I. An outline agreement between the Government of Can­ cladding and end fittings, as well as information on develop­ ada and Euratom, setting forth the legal conditions for ment of these designs. It is expected that research will first the joint program. This agreement will cover a 10-year center upon subjects such as: period. 2. A technical agreement between Euratom and Atomic -Ceramic fuels, in particular uranium oxide fuels Energy of Canada, Ltd., in which the joint program is -Metallurgy of cladding and structural materials described. -Thermodynamics of fuel assemblies and studies of heat The outline agreement provides for exchange of infor­ exchange mation on research and development, health and safety, -General and radiation chemistry of water and organic equipment and design, and the use of equipment facilities. coolants The Canadian Government and Euratom agree to encour­ -Design, study, and test of special components-pumps, age and facilitate the granting of patent licenses and mutu­ valves, joints, etc. ally to provide technical advice and training facilities. -Irradiation and in-pile loop experiments connected with The agreement also provides for exchange of sour-ce the above research material and special nuclear material on commercial terms Inventions and discoveries made under the agreement under guarantees that such material will be used for peace­ will be shared between Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd., ful purposes only. Within the European Community, these and Euratom, although each party will retain patent rights terms will be insured by Euratom's safeguards-and-control within its own territory and that of third countries. system and through consultation and exchange of visits The technical agreement provides for a joint board to between the contracting parties, both of which are prepared advise Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd., and the Euratom to consult and exchange experience on the subject with Commission on the carrying out of the agreement. It will the International Atomic Energy Agency. be -composed of equal numbers from either side, together Both parties recognize the necessity for adequate meas­ with representatives of third parties invited by mutual ures with respect to third-party liability and will cooperate agreement. in developing and securing their adoption. Existing agree­ The Canadian agreement is the third such pact to be ments contracted by Euratom's member states will be re­ signed by Euratom with major nuclear powers of the west­ negotiated to enable rights and obligations arising from ern world. The first was the Agreement for Cooperation them to be assumed as far as possible by Euratom as a between the United States and Euratom, signed in Brussels whole. Representatives of both parties will meet from time on November 8, 1958, which was followed by the signing to time for joint consultation and may invite other coun­ of the U.K.-Euratom pact on February 4, 1959. Negotia­ tries to take part in the joint research and development tions for a fourth intergovernmental agreement are now program. going on between Euratom and the Government of Brazil. President Etienne Hirsch signs Canada-Euratom agreements in Brussels. Seated left to right: Euratom Vice President Enrico Medi, Canadian Ambassador Sydney David Pierce, President Hirsch, President J. L. Gray of Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd., Euratom Commissioners Paul Hubert de Groote and Emanuel M. J. A. Sassen. European atomic specialists on Euratom-sponsored tour are shown with Robert A. Jaross, associate electrical engineer in Argonne National Laboratory's engineering division. Left to right: Messrs. Van Dorsser, Le Franc (back to camera), Grass, Marchal, Bitsch, Jaross, and Domenjoud.

Grouped around a mock-up of the fuel-core assembly of Ex­ perimental Breeder Reactor II: Messrs. Beurtheret, Jaross of Argonne, and Marchal, Le Franc, and Faure (partially hidden).

Leon S. Markheim of Argonne National Laboratory explains element in heat-transfer laboratory to scientists Soldaini, Van Dorsser, and Faure.

EURATOM SPONSORS U.S. TOUR Calls Joint Conference With AEC in Brussels

Eight atomic-industry specialists from three Community of Belgium, Canada, France, German Federal Republic, countries traveled the U.S. coast to coast this fall to study Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the government and private-industry installations. Experts in United Kingdom, the United States, and the OEEC. The the field of heat transfer, they were guided by Gunther conference demonstrated one of the practical results of Grass, chief of the heat exchange section of Euratom's the joint U.S.-Euratom Agreement which calls for a wide Research and Training Division. exchange of information. The eight members of the heat-transfer team which Arriving in New York on September 22, the group vis­ toured the United States were: Charles A. Beurtheret, ited Columbia, M.I.T., the Allis Chalmers plant near Mil­ chief engineer, Thomson-Houston, Paris; Daniel Bitsch, waukee, Argonne National Laboratories, General Electric's chief, thermal division, lndatom, Paris; Paul M. Domen­ facility in Valecitos, Calif., and Oak Ridge before returning joud, chief engineer, nuclear studies branch, S. A. Alsthom, to Europe in early October. Paris; Claude Foure, chief, thermal research branch, Later that month, Euratom and the U.S. Atomic Energy Snecma, Paris; Jean-Daniel Le Franc, engineer, Thomson­ Commission called a conference of specialists in reactor Houston, Paris; Raymond Marchal, director, atomic divi­ corrosion representing 11 countries. Held in Brussels Octo­ sion, Snecma, Paris; Giorgio Soldaini, research engineer, ber 14-16, the meetings were specifically concerned with C.I.S.E., Milan; and Arend Van Dorsser, chief, research comparing experience and theories from representatives and development division, C.T.I.T.N.U., The Hague. a COMMUNITY -WIDE SUPPORT FOR ECSC Institutions Back New High Authority at Installation Ceremonies

The new nine-man High Authority of the European Coal Community Solidarity and Steel Community was officially sworn in at a formal President of the Court of Justice Andreas Matthias Donner ceremony before the Court of Justice in Luxembourg, reminded the High Authority members that their new task September 16. Strong support was voiced by leaders of remained as defined by the ECSC Treaty. They were still other Community institutions, and all of the members of compelled to abstain from all conduct incompatible with the executive branch delivered speeches. (See page 9 for the supranational character of their functions. They would President Malvestiti's inaugural address to the Parliament.) need to show courage and firmness in carrying out this obli­ The day after the official ceremony, Paul Elvinger of gation, he said. Luxembourg, current chairman of the Community's Coun­ Robert Schuman, who gave the first impulse to European cil of Ministers, drew lots to determine the order in which integration in May 1950 when he proposed the pooling of the terms of each of the nine members will come up for Western Europe's basic industries under a common higher renewal. Results of the drawing were as follows: authority and who is now President of the European Par­ Two years (on September 14, 1961) : liament, said the Parliament would be at the High Author­ Albert Coppe • Albert Wehrer · Pierre-Olivier Lapie ity's side in the difficult tasks which lie ahead. Four years (on September 14, 1963): The President of the Economic Commission, Walter Paul Finet · Roger Reynaud · Fritz Hellwig Hallstein, who was accompanied by all his colleagues from Six years (on September 14, 1965): the Commission, said that Europe could not be built with­ Piero Malvestiti · Dirk Spierenburg · Heinz Potthoff out the determination to overcome resistance. "In your This procedure was in accordance with Article 10 of the current difficulties, you are not alone. You can be sure of ECSC Treaty, which provides that, after the first six years' the cooperation of the European Economic Commission. operation of the High Authority, one-third of the latter's Your difficulties are our difficulties, your opponents our membership shall be renewed every two years. opponents, your friends our friends.·; The renewal of membership will be effected in 1961 Eurat0m Commission President Etienne Hirsch pledged through appointments by the six governments, and in 1963 that his executive would continue its close cooperation in by vote of the remaining members of the High Authority, the coordination of energy policy. in accordance with procedures laid down by Article 10 of the treaty. The term of office of the present High Authority Test Period Ahead started on September 15. The pledges of solidarity and support had a particular sig­ nifi·cance, with the High Authority undoubtedly at the most Outgoing HA President Finet (left) greets his successor on the occasion of Sig. Malvestiti assuming the Presidency. difficult stage of its seven-year existence. It faces the con­ tinuing coal crisis. Pithead stocks were at 32.5 million tons at the end of August, and although the rate of stock in­ crease is now much reduced, the process of contracting the industry to a level at which it will be able to sell all its output, in a highly competitive fuel market, proves to be a delicate economic and social problem in both Belgium and Germany. Moreover, the rejection by the Council of Ministers on May 14 of the High Authority's plan to deal with the coal crisis on a Community basis was widely regarded as a blow to the European cause. The High Authority's Powers Another threat comes from the expressed attitudes of one of the Community's governments toward the ECSC Treaty. These views are radically different from those which pre­ vailed at the outset in 1952. Not only has the French Government made it clear that it would like to revise the treaty so as to curb the High Authority's supranational powers, but the Belgian Government recently took uni­ lateral action which, at first sight, appeared as if it might infringe the treaty. In these circumstances, the ceremony of September 16 was an imposing reminder that the High Authority's pow­ ers and obligations remain unchanged and that there is a massive weight of opinion in the Community in favor of President "building Europe." The High Authority, for seven months Piero Malvestiti a caretaker body "with its hands tied behind its back," as drawn by Sennep retiring member Enzo Giacchero put it in his farewell speech, now has had its hands freed. It is complete and it has a full and normal mandate. Sig. Giacchero had de­ clared in a speech some weeks earlier: "Europe will die from cooperation. It will live and prosper only in federa­ tion." Sig. Giacchero added that the High Authority would need "courage, courage, and still more courage." Sig. Mal­ vestiti declared, apropos his new task: "I have not come here as an undertaker and I have no intention of becoming one." refuse to carry out the obligations they have solemnly un­ Yet observers were under no illusion about the essential dertaken in the Treaties of Paris and Rome, the whole role of the six governments, which retain practically the progress and even the structure of the new Europe could whole of the panoply of sovereignty. It is clear that if be undermined. For some considerable time yet, the one or more of the governments of the member states building of Europe will depend on the good will of the should decide systematically to defy the High Authority or governments. MALVESTITI PLEDGES PRESERVATION OF AUTHORITY'S POWERS

High Authority President Piero Malvestiti indicated in his total energy requirements and particularly of its inability to inaugural speech to the European Parliament in Stras­ meet price competition from oil. The High Authority also bourg September 23 that he would vigorously defend the gave ·frequent warnings that long-term forecasts for coal High Authority's powers with respect to the ECSC Treaty. could not be made except as part of forecasts for energy "In building a new, democratic Europe," he said, "fidelity as a whole. to texts freely agreed on is an imperative condition. As "The situation was recognized, studied, and diagnosed president of an institution which is entrusted with insuring in good time and with great clarity," he said. "But this had respect of the clauses of a treaty, my prime duty will be to not prevented various opponents from resisting--out of continue the struggle to preserve the essential features of habit, interest, or hope-an urgent and painful adaptation." the ECSC-that is, the direct, independent powers of the President Malvestiti underlined the difficulty of divert­ High Authority. The governments and the parliaments ing the industrialists' attention from production to demand have accepted the same obligation. They have subscribed -from cost to price. Attention had been focused too long to a treaty which says literally, in Article 86, that the on costs rather than price. Principles of price formation member states undertake to aid the institutions in the must be formulated which would enable consumers volun­ accomplishment of their task. tarily to choose the most economic resources. "The market "In the long run," he went on, "the problem of an is the determining factor," he said. adjustment between the three European Communities will Well-organized cartels, combines, and monopolies -could have to be faced. For the moment, what is required is succeed in distorting the laws of the market and holding up increasingly close cooperation between the three Commu­ necessary developments. Moreover, the High Authority nity executives." could not ignore the political consequences of excessively President Malvestiti admitted that in the seven years powerful concentrations of economic power, Sig. Malvestiti which had elapsed since the signing of the treaty, economic warned. conditions had changed in some fields and the modification of certain treaty terms could serve a useful purpose. "The A Coordinated Energy Policy task will be to improve the operation of the common mar­ His examination of the Community's economic problems ket (for coal and steel) in the way opened up by the showed that there were two vital requirements: first, the Treaty of Paris." drawing up of comprehensive energy forecasts, and second, the gradual application of "a Community power of coor­ No Magic Solutions for Coal dination." This would require the closest cooperation with Turning to the economi·c problems which lie before the the Economic Community and with Euratom. Community, President Malvestiti said the Parliament would "I do not know for the moment whether the agreements not expect the new High Authority and its president to between the sister Communities will suffice for this task. produce a new, definitive magic formula which would Let me say that I fear all excesses of logic and particularly miraculously remedy the critical situation of the coal indus­ that which . .. aims at setting up a single community for try. He cited examples from High Authority reports and energy. I believe that the Coal and Steel Community documents to show that, as early as 1955, and particularly should remain the 'leader' in this cooperation and that in 1957, the High Authority had given ample warning of experience will show any changes which may become the growing competition of other forms of energy; it had advisable." warned the coal industry of its declining share in meeting Sig. Malvestiti warned, too, that in the coal crisis the 10 introduction of divergent measures, limited to national in­ speech concentrated mainly on the lack of precise plans to dustries in the different member states, could unleash a deal with the coal crisis and on his estimate of the role of chain reaction which would hit neighboring countries and coal in the economy. Two speakers thought that its role result in the fencing-in of national markets. He appealed would be more important than Sig. Malvestiti indicated. to all governments and employers' and workers' organiza­ In replying to Parliamentary criticism, the High Author­ tions for full cooperation in finding a Community solution ity's President noted that he had been in office for only to the coal problem. seven days and could not be expected to say precisely how President Malvestiti ended his speech by assuring the he intended to resolve the coal crisis. As for the charge of Parliament that the "re-launching" of Europe would be the not having defended coal sufficiently, he said it recalled to primary and fundamental aim of the High Authority. mind the phrase: "defending the lire till the death of the Criticisms during the debate on President Malvestiti's last Italian." He declared that he preferred to be realistic.

NEW HIGH AUTHORITY RESEARCH PROJECTS

The Council of Ministers has recently approved five major $860,500 to be spent by the Steinkohlenbergbauverein of research projects proposed by the High Authority of the Essen on this project which aims at obtaining the highest ECSC. Total Community contribution to these projects possible proportion of coke suitable for metallurgical will amount to $3,775,000. The five projects are: purposes. 4. Flame research-$250,000. This project will be car­ 1. The low-shaft furnace in Liege- $2, 100,000. The ried out by the International Flame Research Foundation aid money will be spent over a three-year period between whose members include the United States, the United King­ 1960 and 1962. The High Authority had previously granted dom, and Sweden, as well as Belgium, France, and the $1 ,500,000 for research to be conducted in Liege on the Netherlands. Italy and the German Federal Republic will reduction of coke consumption in blast furnaces. automatically become members. With High Authority aid, 2. Research on pre-heating of coke paste-$700,000. the foundation will now be able to double its rate of This project aims to achieve maximum efficiency in the research. production and use of metallurgical coke and to open up 5. Production of a metallographical atlas-$200,000. new possibilities for the use of lower-grade coking coal. The atl as, which will comprise a collection of optical and 3. Research on coking processes- $525,000. The aid electronic micrographs of metal structures, will be pro­ represents almost two thirds of the total amount of duced by the Finsider Steel Institute of Italy.

FRENCH REPORT ON ECSC TREA IV countries and they have provoked few reactions, even in Community quarters. The following article appeared in the AGENCE FRANCE The reason for this is fairly clear, according to PRESSE summary of European affairs of September 15: these quarters. Revision of the treaty requires the agreement of the six governments. It is no secret that The European situation this week has been marked the Benelux countries, which are very "European," by what has already been called by some a French as indeed is Italy also, would not look favorably on a offensive against the Coal and Steel Treaty. The con­ revision of this kind. The first reactions from Bonn troversy which has arisen stems from a statement by showed extreme reserve. It would seem that for the Maurice Couve de Murville before the Foreign Af­ majority of the governments directly interested, revi­ fairs Committee of the French National Assembly. sion of the ECSC Treaty in the sense outlined by He made it clear that France considered a revision of Paris is not considered opportune either from the the ECSC Treaty desirable. According to informed political point of view (since the ECSC, pilot plant quarters, this revision would aim at aligning the of the European Community and supranational in treaty's rules to some extent on the provisions of the structure, is still regarded as a symbol), or from the Treaty of Rome. economic point of view (the general Common Mar­ Action by the French Government along these lines ket, still "too young," has not yet proved itself in has in fact been expected for some time. Speeches practice and therefore cannot be considered for the made in Strasbourg ·before the European Parliament moment as _the example to follow). by Jean Marcel Jeanneney, French Minister of Indus­ New developments in this field therefore seem un­ try and Commerce, in April, and Jacques Vendroux, likely in the near future and the only revision of the U.N.R. deputy and brother-in-law of General de ECSC Treaty which will come up for consideration is Gaulle, in June, had already dropped hints that some­ one proposed by the High Authority. This would thing like this was in the offing. M. Couve de Mur­ prolong beyond the deadline of February 9, 1960, ville's statements have therefore not caused much treaty provisions permitting financial aid to workers surprise in the capitals of the other five Community who are dismissed or threatened with unemployment. Slag pile looms like a mountain in the background as lone miner trudges past row of workers' homes in Belgium's Borinage district. In three years' time, nine of the 14 pits in this area will be closed. Drastic Reorganization Under Way-- Target Date 1962

Measures to make Belgian coal competitive within the The first need is to enable Belgian mines to sell their common market have taken shape and are already under coal. This has been done by authorizing the Belgian Gov­ way. The central feature of the program is the reduction ernment to make up losses incurred by certain mines in of capacity to 23.4 million tons by 1962-a cut of 5.5 selling their output. For 1959, the High Authority has million tons. In 1959 alone, ten pits representing two mil­ authorized subsidies amounting to 926 million Belgian lion tons of capacity will have been closed down, four of francs ( $18.5 million). The maximum amount of coal to them in the Liege field, three in the Centre field , and three be subsidized is fixed by the High Authority at eight mil­ in the Borinage. Over the three-year period, nine of the 14 lion tons. For the purpose of subsidy payments, the Bel­ pits in the Borinage will be closed and the remaining five gian pits have been divided into three categories: pits in the coal field will be grouped in a single firm. 1. Those which are already competitive in the common The major shortcoming of the ECSC transition period­ market-these will receive no subsidy. the failure of the Belgian coal owners to use the five-year 2. Those which are not yet competitive but which should respite to reorganize their industry-is now on the verge of become competitive; these pits will receive subsidies being remedied. The reorganization being undertaken will, until such time as they become competitive or until it is hoped, enable the Belgian coal industry to compete 1962, whichever comes first. successfully in the common market by 1962. It is on this 3. Those which are due to be closed under the reorganiza­ understanding that the High Authority has agreed to fur­ tion plans; subsidies will only be paid to these mines ther measures to assist the Belgian industry in the coming until closure operations begin, and after that readapta­ years. At the same time, the High Authority has recognized tion aid will start. that the reorganization must be carried out at a pace which The subsidies are paid to cover losses involved in selling will avoid undue social or economic dislocation. coal at competitive prices. On June 15, the Belgian pro- 12 ducers deposited a new price list with the High Authority carried out by the Community's institutions. To come into including lower prices for industrial coal, based on parity force, they require a five-sixths majority in the Council of with Ruhr coal delivered to Belgian destinations. For Ministers, the approval on matters of "fact and law" of mines which were already showing loss before introduction the Court of Justice, and approval by a two-thirds majority of the new price lists, the subsidies will cover the fall in of the European Parliament. receipts per ton following the price cuts. For mines which If the proposals go through, it will mean that readapta­ were previously making a profit, the subsidies will cover tion aid will continue for workers whose firms cease opera­ the fall in receipts per ton minus the previous profit per ton. tion, partly or wholly, or are reorganized to meet structural For the purpose of calculating the profit or loss, firms changes in the market. will not be allowed to deduct depreciation or interest on capital. Mines which had a loss before introduction of the Conference on Industrial Redevelopment new price lists will also be able to claim subsidies for that Both the Council and the High Authority at a meeting period covering the difference between receipts and operat­ July 31 declared themselves in favor of calling a confer­ ing costs, excluding depreciation and interest. Total cost ence to examine the industrial redevelopment of areas hit of the subsidies will be borne by the Belgian Government. by pit closures. The High Authority believes detailed prep­ aration will be needed if practical results are to be achieved Safeguarding the Interest of the Miners and its officials have already been working for some time The closing of 5.5 million tons of capacity will put 27,000 on a report covering existing practice and experience in the miners out of work between now and 1962. Deducting Community countries. The High Authority, which has those for whom readaptation aid has already been ar­ announced its readiness to aid redevelopment by raising ranged and those who will be re-employed without special loans, submitted its proposals for organizing the confer­ aid, this still leaves 17,500 miners for whom readaptation ence at the Council's October session . measures will be required. For this purpose, the High Finally, to cover the gap between the emergency aid Authority will set aside $4 million up to the end of this granted to the Belgian mines-$5 million for miners on year and $7.5 million for the three years ending June 30, part time during the period from April I to September 30 1962. this year-and operation of the High Authority's new Readaptation is likely to take the now general form of plans, the High Authority is proposing to the ministers that making up earnings while unemployed-100 per cent for the emergency aid be extended until October 30. the first four months, 80 per cent for the second four months, and 60 per cent for the third four months; pay­ Unilateral Action on Coal ment of any displacement and removal costs; making up of The High Authority had discussed with the Belgian Gov­ earnings in any new job to I 00 per cent of the previous ernment two Belgian decrees, published in the Moniteur level for a year from the time of dismissal; and free voca­ Beige of September 7. The first of these decrees obliges all tional training for those who require it. Belgian importers wishing to import coal from the Nether­ lands up till the end of this year to submit their import Council of Ministers Studies Treaty Revision plans by September 15; on this basis the Belgian Govern­ The plans outlined above were approved by the Council of ment would grant licenses. The second decree banned Ministers on July 31. To make clear their determination exports of Belgian coal to Germany and cancelled until to rid Belgium of her special coal problem once and for all, further notice all licenses already delivered. the Ministers made the High Authority's payment of re­ The High Authority sought an explanation of these adaptation aid conditional upon the planned closures and decrees, which appeared to be in flagrant contradiction to reorganization being carried out by the promised date. the ECSC Treaty, during talks with the Belgian Govern­ Until then, the Belgian Government will have to advance ment in Brussels on September 29. The Belgian Govern­ the money. ment gave assurances to the High Authority that this was The Ministers also obtained from the High Authority a not so, and the High Authority stated afterwards that it declaration that coal mines in other Community countries accepted the Belgian assurance that the first decree was in which found themselves in a situation similar to that of fact being applied purely as a statistical check and that the the Belgian pits would be able to benefit from similar aid. second decree had not been enforced. The Belgian Gov­ Since the transition-period provisions* under which re­ ernment also promised to keep the High Authority fully adaptation aid is granted expire on February 9, 1960, the informed of all plans for Belgian coal before putting them Council also agreed to discuss at its next session High into operation. Authority proposals for writing similar provisions perma­ The High Authority had also stated in an earlier telegram nently into the treaty.** to the Belgian Government that it had received numerous complaints from Community producers and from dealers These proposals involve revision of the ECSC Treaty by the procedure known as the "little revision," which can be about the diffi~ulties placed by the Belgian administration in the way of issuing import licenses for Community coal. * Paragraph 23 of the Convention on the Transition Period; Refusal to grant licenses or delays in granting them also although the transition period expired on February 9, 1958, constitute practices equivalent to quantitative restrictions the readaptation provisions were extended for two years. and were contrary to the treaty, the High Authority tele­ ** Article 56 of the treaty already contains certain provisions gram said. for aiding workers hit by unemployment but they are so restrictive and difficult to interpret that this article has never The position set out in this telegram was endorsed by the been applied. new High Authority after it took office on September I6. STEEL OUTPUT AT ALL-TIME HIGH 62.5 Million Metric Tons Forecast for 1959 ta

Output of crude steel (ingots and castings) in the European 17,751,000 tons but was still nearly one million tons below Coal and Steel Community in September reached the all­ the total of 20,397,000 recorded in September last year. time record level of 5,538,000 metric tons, compared with The rise in stocks during September slowed down to negli­ 5,072,000 tons in August and 4,794,000 in September, gible proportions. The Community's coal production for 1958, according to provisional figures published by the the nine-month period, at 174,139,000 metric tons, was Joint Statistics Office of the European Communities. The six per cent below the total of 185,278,000 tons for Janu­ previous record month was October, 1957, when 5,444,000 ary-September, 1958. tons were produced. The effects of booming industrial pro­ Provisional figures published by the Joint Statistics Office duction are now evident in all six Community countries and of the European Communities showed pithead stocks at in each of them steel output was substantially higher than the end of August at 32,514,000 metric tons, compared a year earlier. with 32,472,000 tons at the end of July. This increase of The September figures brought output for the first nine only 42,000 tons compared with a rise of over one million months of this year to 45,821,000 metric tons-4.7 per tons (from 20,295,000 to 21,327,000 tons) in August, cent more than the 43,779,000 tons produced in the cor­ 1958. In August this year, a substantial increase in France responding period of 1958. The forecast for this year's and a smaller increase in Belgium offset a fall of 274,000 production is now a record total of 62.5 million tons. tons in pithead stocks in the German Federal Republic. Output of pig iron and ferro-alloys in September was also substantially higher than a year earlier, reaching 4,058,000 Stocks of coke at coking plants rose to 8,339,000 metric metric tons, compared with 3,859,000 tons in August and tons at the end of August from 8,065,000 at the end of 3,558,000 tons in September, 1958. This brought output July. In the corresponding period of 1958 stocks rose from for the first nine months of the year to 33,971,000 tons- 4,237,000 to 4,695,000 tons. 3.8 per cent more than the 32,715,000 tons produced in the The total tonnage of coal lost in the Community in corresponding period of 1958. August through part-time working was 892,000 tons. For Community coal output rose sharply in September to the eight months from January to August total tonnage not 19,408,000 ,metric tons from the low August level of produced because of part-time working was 9,657,000 tons. 14 EISENHOWER ON EUROPEAN INTEGRATION In his annual report on foreign trade agreements, spicuous and significant example of regional integra­ June 25, 1959, President Eisenhower said: tion .... "The Common Market promises to overcome "The United States supports the Common Market many of the divisive national rivalries that have cost and the concept of increased European integration Europe so dearly in the past. In promoting inter­ underlying it on political, economic and security national economic strength, the Common Market will grounds .... also provide a basis for more stable governments and "The promise of the Common Market, both for for stronger defensive for-ces in the interests of world member states and .for other countries, is reinforced peace and security.... 'by the continued emphasis which the EEC Commis­ "The. Treaty establishing the European Economic sion has placed upon the open and outward-looking Community (EEC) has thus far been the most con- nature of the Community.... "

Common Market Euratom Congressmen Studying Common Market Newsbriefs Three members of the House Foreign Affairs Committee Coal &Steel Community departed on a month-long tour of Community countries in October. Headed by Representative Frank M. Coffin (Dem., Me.), the group included Representatives Cornelius E. The Future Course of European Integration Gallagher (Dem., N.J.) and Alvin M. Bentley (Rep., Mich.). In the course of their on-the-spot investigation, Belgian Foreign Minister Pierre Wigny has held informal they planned to meet with Congresswoman Edna F. Kelly discussions with other Community governments on the next (Dem., N.Y.), chairman of the subcommittee on Europe. steps in European integration. He has seen Italian Foreign Representative Coffin said that the purpose of the tour Minister Guiseppe Pella in Rome and General de Gaulle was "to study and report on the organization and functions and French Foreign Minister Couve de Murville in Paris. of the Common Market, its internal problems and potential, During his Paris visit, M. Wigny also talked to Jean the issues involved in its trade relations with the other na­ Monnet, Chairman of the Action Committee for the tions of free Europe, its possible future political and eco­ United States of Europe. nomic impact on the United States, and any suggestions According to press reports, M. Wigny proposed that that merit policy consideration by our government." means of achieving closer cooperation between the three European executives should be studied. He also discussed ways in which the transition period of the Common Market Berlin's Brandt to Brussels and Luxembourg could be shortened-a subject on which the Commission of The executives of the three European Communities invited the Common Market is now drawing up suggestions-and Willy Brandt, Mayor of West Berlin, to visit Brussels and is believed to have discussed ways of cooperation between Luxembourg in October. the Six and the other OEEC partners. West Berlin not only is an integral part of the Commu­ Finally, the press reports attributed to M. Wigny plans nity but is also the subject of a special "Common Declara­ for setting up a European political community, as opposed tion" in the Treaty of Rome which pledges the six govern­ to the "political secretariat" which has recently been sug­ ments to "undertake to use their good offices within the gested. For the moment, he envisages regular consultation Community in order that all necessary measures may be between the six foreign ministers, reports said. taken to ease the economic and social situation of Berlin, to promote its development and to insure its economic Common Market to Make Wage-Cost Study stability." The European Economic Commission is making a study of labor costs in a dozen of the Community's industries, the Scandinavian Ambassadors to Euratom Commission has disclosed in an answer to a question by The Norwegian and Swedish Governments this fall ac­ European Parliament member Gerard M. Nederhorst. It credited ambassadors to the European Atomic Energy adds that this investigation will at the same time yield infor­ Community. Otto Kildal, Norwegian Ambassador to Bel­ mation on wages in the six countries. gium, presented his credentials as Ambassador to Euratom The study is being modeled on the studies made by the to President Etienne Hirsch on September 22 in Brussels. Coal and Steel Community's High Authority over a number Baron Karl-Gustav Lagerfelt, Swedish representative to the of years, and to calculate wage increases it will use the European Coal and Steel Community, presented his cre­ methods of ·comparing real wages evolved by the ECSC. dentials to President Hirsch on October 8. U.S.-Euratom Loan Contract Signed ts The loan contract for $I 35 million which had been nego­ tiated with the Euratom Commission was signed on August 27. Samuel Waugh, President of the Export-Import Bank, signed for the United States. Signing for the European Atomic Energy Community were Enrico Medi, Vice Presi­ dent of the Commission, and Commissioners Paul Hubert de Groote and Heinz Krekeler. The line of credit may be used to finance purchase of reactors under the U.S.-Euratom joint power program as well as the costs of manufacture of the initial charge of 'Common Market President Walter Hollstein (left), meeJjng in Strasbourg with Council of Europe Secretary General Lodovico fuel and expenses relating to technical services. The credit Benvenuti, discussed broadening cooperation. will not be used to finance more than 40 per ·cent of each power station. Total cost of the power program is esti­ New CM Talks with Council of Europe mated at $350 million, with $2 I 5 million to be supplied by The Commission of the Common Market and the Council European sources. The loan runs for 20 years at 4V2 of Europe have agreed to increase their cooperation. Com­ per cent interest. mon Market Commission President Walter Hallstein and Commissioner Jean Rey on September 25 discussed with First High Authority Loan Guarantee Lodovico Benvenuti, the Council of Europe's Secretary­ The High Authority has decided to grant its guarantee for General, ways of developing cooperation under a recent loans of up to $15 million which may be contracted by the agreement between the Commission and the Committee of Soch!te Dunkerquoise de Siderurgie for construction of a Ministers of the Council of Europe. new steelworks on the French North Sea coast. This is the The three decided to develop to the maximum the co­ first time that the High Authority's power to guarantee operation possibilities offered by the agreement and also to loans has been used. The High Authority's credit standing re-examine the latter to see how cooperation could be stems partly from its power to levy a tax on production of developed still further in the light of experience. coal and steel in the Community and partly from its guar­ The agreement provides for transmission of the Commis­ anty fund of $100 million. sion's annual report to the Council of Europe and of the The first stage of construction envisages: unloading plant statutory report of the Council of Europe's Committee of and storage space for ore, a burden preparation shop with Ministers and its secretary-general's report on European agglomeration line, a ·blast furnace 8.5 meters in diameter, cooperation to the Commission. The agreement also pro­ an oxygen-blast converter shop with two 80-ton converters, vides for exchange of information, attendance by Commis­ a heavy plate mill, ancillary plant and workers' housing. sion experts at certain Council of Europe meetings, and cooperation between the secretariats of the two bodies. First U.S. -Euratom Research Contracts Notice to Holders o.t High Authority The U.S.-Euratom Joint Research and Development Board S1f2 per cent Secured Bonds (Sevent~ has announced the award of the first contracts under the joint nuclear research and development program. The three ·Selies), due April1, 1975,and,5 percent awards total approximately $880,000. Secured Bonds {Eleventh Series), doe The U.S.-Euratom Joint Board is continuing its review of more than 200 proposals received so far from American July 1, 1978 and European firms in response to invitations issued last December to industry, research organizations and educa­ The High Authority hereby gives notice to holders of the bonds above-mentioned that a revised text of the tional institutions to participate in the joint program. Cost particulars given under "Loans granted to enterprises of the program for the first five years is expected to total from High Authority's borroWings" on pages 22 and some $100 million, shared equally between Euratom and 23 of its prospectus dated April 9, 1957, and on the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. pages 24 anq 25 of its prospectus . dated'' June 24, The firms receiving the first three awards are: American 1958, .has been published for their. guiqance. The Standard Corporation, for cladding ceramic-plate fuel ele­ revised text brings those particulars up to date as of ments by spray and for coating techniques; Battelle Memo­ June 30, 1959. rial Institute, for boiling heat-transfer and void distribution Holders of such bonds may obtain this revised text from: on studies with water coolants; and Compagnie lndustrielle THE. CHASE MANHATTAN BANK des Chamiques Electroniques of France, for a proposed 'corpgrl\te Agency;Qepartment study of extrusion of uranium oxide. 43 Exchange Place, New York,·New York The joint research and development program is com­ or... plementary to the joint power reactor program set up under THE HIGH AUTf{ORITY the U.S.-Euratom Agreement for Cooperation in the peace­ of the European Coal and Steel Community ful uses of atomic energy, signed in Brussels on November Luxembourg 8, 1958. 16 by arithmetical average of the duties of the six member countries, are to be settled by special negotiations. The new LEGAL CONFERENCE PLANNED external tariffs will begin to take effect on January I, 1962. In February, 1960, the Federal Bar Association, in Common Market President Walter Hallstein stated that collaboration with other U.S. legal associations, will the aim of the Commission was to settle the tariffs early sponsor a three-day institute in Washington on the enough to publish them well in advance of the GATT meet­ existing and emerging legal aspects of the European ings in Geneva beginning September, 1960, in order to Community. It will mark the first conference on this allow third countries sufficient time for study. Products subject in the United States. included in List G account for about 20 per cent of Com­ Community and American legal experts specializ­ munity imports and include certain farm products, chem­ ing in such fields as patent laws, cartels and trade icals, petroleum derivatives, wood, textiles, metals, and restrictions, transport, labor, taxation, capital ex­ machines. change, customs, licensing, etc. will conduct the seminars which will be open to members of the legal profession. Principal speaker and guest of honor will be Jean Rey, member of the Common Market Commission Publications Available and chairman of EEC's special committee studying BOOKS relations with third countries. Other Community of­ Catalogue analytique du fonds Plan Schuman-CECA ficials who will participate in the institute include conserve a Ia Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee, Volume Michel Gaudet, director of the Joint Legal Servi<:e, III, May, 19 59 ______$ 2. 00 and Fernand Spaak, deputy director of ECSC's Divi­ Investment in the Community Coalmining and Iron sion on Agreements and Concentrations. and Steel Industries, July, 1959 ______$1.00 Further information may be obtained by writing to Rapport special de Ia Haute Autorite a l'Assemblee the Federal Bar Association, 1737 H Street, N.W., Parlementaire concernant Ia question charbonniere Washington, D. C. ( 31 J anuary-15 May 19 59) ------· ______80¢ BROCHURES Towards a United Europe: Progress with the External Tariff The story of the ECSC ______. __ Jree Agreement on the external tariff in the case of products in The European Community: List G of the Rome Treaty is expected before very long. New Opportunity for U.S. Business ______free These are the tariffs which, rather than being determined

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IN D EX to issues 30 through 38, May 1958- November 1959 References in this index supplement are listed according to issue number and page. This index has been prepared especially for librarians, journalists, students, and readers who maintain a file of the Bulletin from the European Community. It is the third index issued since the bulletin was first published in October, 1954. A limited number of copies of the second index, covering the period from Septem­ ber, 1956, through April, 1958, are still available from the Washington office of the European Community Information Service. A fourth index, covering Bul­ letins No. 39 through 43, is in preparation.

Armand, Louis, 30,5; 31,1;" 31,2 (photo British Atomic Energy Authority, 35,9 only); 34,7 Brussels Fair, 30,8-9 A Arpaia, Anthony, 32,7 Butterworth, W. Walton, 30,5 Atomic energy-see Euratom and Nuclear Action Committee for the United States power of Europe: Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd., invites c Program for less developed countries, Community industrialists on study 37,1-3 visit, 37,12; 38,5-6 Campilli, Pietro, 36,12 Program for speeding economic integra­ Austria (see also EFTA), 31,11; 35,9 Canada: tion, 32,8 Agreement for Cooperation, Euratom, Adenauer, Konrad, 33,2 (photo only) S,6; 37,12; 38,5-6 AEC (United States Atomic Energy Com­ Atomic industrialists visit, 37,12 mission), 31,2-3; 32,4; 36,12; 38,7 8 Capital, movement of, 35,12 Africa (see also European Development Cartels-see Restrictive trade practices Fund): Baseilhac, Paul, 34,11 Certificate of circulation, form, 34,10 Community relations with, 31,11; 33,3 Belgium: Charts-see Tables and charts EEC experts tour Africa, 33,15; 38,5 Coal import-export decrees, 38,12 Chronology of events, 34,6-7; S,7 Map, 38, supplement Coal prices, 36,3 Coal (see also ECSC and High Authority): Representatives tour Community, 33,15 Mine reorganization, 32,5; 35,4; 36,3-4; Belgian mine reorganization, 32,5; 35,4; Agriculture: 38,11-12 36,3-4; 38,11-12 Common policy, 30,12; 31,9; 32,7; 33,3; Readaptation aid, 35,16; 38,12 Crisis, 32,4-6; 35,1-2; 36,2-4; 38,10 33,7; 33,16; 35,12 Benvenuti, Lodovico, 38,15 Policy, 30,6; 32,4-6; 35,1-2; 35,4 Import statistics, 30,3 Berlin, West, 38,14 Prices, Belgium, 36,3 Production, 32,2; 33,16; 35,12 Bluecher, Franz, 35,5 (photo); S,8 Production, 30,12; 32,5; 33,15; 34,12; Stresa Conference, 30,12; 31,9 Bochumer Verein fuer Gusstahlfabrikation 35,4; 35,15 Allardt, Helmut, 33,15 AG, 34,5 Research, 30,10; 36,8; 38,10 American Committee on United Europe, Brandt, Willy, visits Community, 38,14 Ruhr sales agencies, 35,3 33,16 Brazil, Agreement for Cooperation, Eura­ Surplus stocks, 30,12; 31,11; 32,5; 32,6 American Farm Bureau Federation, 33,16 tom, S,6; 38,6 Trade, 32,5

Published and distributed on behalf of the Joint Information Service of the European Community-The Economic Community and the Atomic Energy Community, Brussels, and the Coal and Steel Community, Luxembourg- by Leonard Tennyson, Chief of the Washingtou Bureau of the European Com munity Information Service, 235 Southern Building, Washington 5, D. C., Telephone NAtionalS-5070. Registration statements, together with copies of this bulletin have been filed with the Dept. of Justice under 22 U.S.C., sec. 611 et seq. and are available for public inspection, Registration does not imply government approval. ~8 E.C. 1~-61 2 College of Europe, scholarships, 33,16 Education: Budget, 34,10 Common Market-see EEC College of Europe scholarship, 33,16 Commission-see Euratom Commission Consultative Assembly-see Council of European School, 36,9 Coordination with ECSC and EEC, 31,7 Europe European University, 30,11; 36,10 Dragon Project, 35,9 Consultative Committee-see ECSC EEC (European Economic Community): External relations (see also Euratom, Coppe, Albert, S,8; 37,4; 38,8 Associated countries (see also Africa Agreements for Cooperation), S,6 Council of Association, 35,2 and European Development Fund), General report, first, 3 3,10-11 Council of Europe: 33,3; 33,7; 33,15; 34,8 (list); 35,13; General report, second, 35,9 Consultative Assembly lauds ECSC, S,7; 38,supplement Inspection and control, 33,11 34,12 Budget, 34,IO Investment report forms, 33,11 Increased cooperation with Common Certificate of circulation, 34, I 0 Missions to--see Diplomatic representa­ Market, 38,15 Commission-see EEC Commission tives Joint session with European Parliament, Coordination with ECSC and Euratom, Nuclear common market, 34,6 33,14; 34,1 31,7 Research program, 30,I1; 33,I0-11; Council of Ministers, 30,11; 34,11; 35,2 Development Fund-see European De­ 36,11; 37,5; 38,6; 38,15 36,1: velopment Fund Safety program, 32,8; 33,16 Belgian mine reorganization approved, External relations (see also Council of Scientific and Technical Committee, 38,12 Europe, Free Trade Area, GATT and 33,16; 37,5 Coal program rejected, 36,2-4 OEEC), 35,12; 35,I5; 36,11; 37,3; Supply Agency, 33,11; 35,7 EEC and Euratom budgets, 34,10 38,3; 38,4-5 United States-Euratom Joint Power Pro- Greek association communique, 37,3 Financial policy discussed, 37,I2 gram, 30,5; 32,3; 36,12 Research projects approved, 38,10 Free circulation of workers, 33,3 United States, Joan contract, 38,15 Retraining and resettlement aid, 30,11; GATT, relations with-see GATT United States tour sponsored by, 38,7 35,2; 35,6; 35,16 General report, first, 33,6-7 University proposal, 30,11; 36,10 Scrap prices, 3I,9; 33,I4 General report, second, 35,11-13 Euratom Commission (see also Euratom): Tariff negotiations approved, 36,I Investment Bank-see European Invest- Activities, 1958, 32,3 Tariff reductions and quota enlarge­ ment Bank Appointment of president, 34,7 ments, 33,I Legal conference in U.S., 38,16 Members visit U.S., 35,8-9 Trade program, 34,4 Missions to--see Diplomatic representa­ President visits U.S., 37,6-8 (photos) Court of Justice: tives Visits Belgian nuclear installations, 36,12 Appeals, 33,8; 34,I2; 36,12 OEEC, relations with-see OEEC Euratom Cooperation Act, 31,1-3; 34,9 Judgments, 3I ,9; 33,8-9 Overseas countries-see EEC, Associated Eurochemic Company, 33,11 Jurisdiction, 33,9-IO countries European Atomic Energy Community­ Organization, 33,8; 35,I5 Overseas Countries Development Fund see Euratom Customs duties-see Tariffs -see European Development Fund European capital, 30,6-7; 31,4-5 Right of establishment, 33,3 European Coal and Steel Community­ Social Fund-see European Social Fund see ECSC and High Authority 0 State aids and grants, 34, II European Development Fund, 33,3; 33,7; Transport Committee, 34,10 33,15; 36,10-11; 38,5 Daum, Leon, S,8; 37,5 U.S. support of, 33,6; 38,14 European Economic Association (see also Denmark (see also EFTA), 35,9; 36,11 EEC Commission (see also EEC and Hall- Free Trade Area), 32,5; 32,7; 34,1-3; Development Fund for overseas countries stein, Walter): 35,10-11; 38,1-3 -see European Development Fund Administration, 35,II European Economic Community-see EEC Diebold, William, Jr., 37,9-II (photo) Economic upswing forecast, 38,3 European federal district, 31,5 Dillon, C. Douglas-see GATT European Economic Association, work European Free Trade Association-see Diplomatic representatives: toward, 34,4; 35,I0-11; 38,I-3 EFTA Austria, 31,11 Labor cost study in progress, 38,I4 European Investment Bank, 35,14; 36,12 Denmark, 36,1I Membership, 3I, 11; S,8 European Liaison Committee, 38,2 Norway, 38,14 President visits U.S. (photos), 37,6-8 European Nuclear Energy Agency-see Portugal, 36,11 Social progress, report on, 33,14 OEEC Sweden, 38,14 Studies state aids and grants, 34, 1I European Parliament: Switzerland, 30,12 EFTA (European Free Trade Associa­ Christian Democrat leader elected, 32,8 United Kingdom, 31,11; 34,5 tion), 37,4 Committee meetings, 33,14 United States, 30,5 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 36,7 (photo); Consultative Assembly, joint session, Donner, A.M., S,8 (photo) 38,14 33,I4; 34,1 Dragon Project, power reactor, 35,9 Electricity-see Energy Direct election envisaged, 33,14 Dulles, John Foster, 30,5 Elvinger, Paul, 38,8 European Economic Association, report Employment, 33,I2 on, 38,1-3 Energy (see also Coal and Nuclear power) Officials, S,8 E Coordinated policy, 35,5; 36,5-6 Political Groups, 30,12 Economic and Social Committee, 30,10; Deficit, 32,5; 36,5 Resolutions on: 34,11 Imports, table, 36,6 European University, 36,10 Economic situation, 30,6: Joint committee on, 35,5; 36,5-6 Federal district, 31,5 Common Market expansion, 32,1-2; Natural gas, 36,6 Free Trade Area, 31,5-7 33,16; 38,3-4 Oil, 36,6 Mine safety, 36,8 Comprehensive report on, 33,4 Requirements, table, 36,6 Schuman re-elected president, 34,12 Coordination of surveys on, 30,11 Erhard, Ludwig, 34,3 Sessions, 30,6-7; 31,4-8; 34,1-3; 38,1-3 ECSC (European Coal and Steel Com- Euratom (European Atomic Energy Com­ European Productivity Agency-see OEEC munity) (see also High Authority): munity): European School, first graduation cere­ Assessment of, 37,9-11 AEC members visit, 36,12 mony, 36,9 Consultative Committee, 34,11; 35,2 Agreements for cooperation: European Social Fund, 33,3; 33,14 Coordination with EEC and Euratom, Brazil, S,6; 38,6 European University, 30,11; 36,10 31,7 Canada, S,6; 37,I2; 38,5-6 Eighth Anniversary, 30,9 United Kingdom, 30,5; 32,8; 34,5; General report, sixth, 30,6; 31,7 36,11-12 F General report, seventh, 35,4-6 United States, 30,5; 31,1-3; 31,I2; Fairs, participation in, 30,8-9; 34,9; S,l; Treaty, 38,8-1 0; 38,12 32,3; 32,4; 33,11; 34,9; 38,15 36,6-7 Fayat, Henri, 30,2 Loan from United States, 31,12; 33,3; K 3 Financing, 30,11; 31,12; 33,3; 34,10; 38,15 38,15 ------Finet, Paul, 30,6 (photo); 31,11; 32,6; Loan to French steel mill, 38,15 van Kleffens, Eelco Nicolaas, 36,7 (photo) 35,1; S,l; S,8 (photo); 36,3; 37,4; Membership, 34,9; S,8; 37,4-5; 38,8-9 Krekeler, Heinz, S,8 37,6-8 (photos), 38,8 Mine accident indemnity, 34,12 Krupp, Friedrich (firm), 34,5 Floberg, John, 32,4 (photo) 36,12 Missions to-see Diplomatic representa­ Formentini, Paride, 36,12 tives France: President visits United States, 37,6-8 L Convertibility established, 34,3 (photos) ECSC treaty revision favored, 38, I 0 Research (see also Research), 35,6 Labor (see also European Social Fund, Liberalization of imports, 33,2 Retraining and resettlement program, ICFTU, and Readaptation): Steel prices, 35,7 30,11; 35,2; 35,6; 35,16; 36,4; 38,12 Cost study, 38,14 Freas, Howard, 32,7 Ruhr coal-selling cartel dissolved, 35,3 Employment, 32,2; 33,12 Free circulation of workers, 33,3; 33,12 Scrap equalization system, 31,9 Free circulation of workers, 33,3 Free Trade Area (see also EFTA and Eu- Transport agreement with Switzerland, Hours of work, 33,13 ropean Economic Association), 30,6: 32,7 Job evaluation study session, 34,12 Chronology, 34,4 Unemployment aid-see Readaptation Rights of, 35,13 ECSC position, 31,7 Hirsch, Etienne, 34,7 (photo); 35,7; S,1; Social policy, 33,7 European Parliament debates, 31 ,5-7; S,8 (photo); 36,10; 37,6-8 (photos) Social security, 33,13; 33,14 34,1-3 Hours of work, 33,13 Wages, ECSC, 33,15 Industrialists' proposals, 30,2-4 Housing, 30,7; 33,13; 33,14; 35,6 Wages, EEC, 33,12 Labor's policy, 31,11 Huetten- und Bergwerke Rheinhausen AG, Lapie, Pierre Olivier, 37,4-5 (photo); 38,8 Negotiations, status of, 30, 1-2; 31,6; 4,5 Larock, Victor, 30,1; 30,10 32,7; 34,1-2 Lemaignen, Robert, S,8; 36,10-11 Trade unions' actions, 30,4 Less developed countries (see also Action U.S. support of, 30,4 I Committee for the United States of Europe, Associated Countries, and ICFTU (International Confederation of European Development Fund), 38,2 Free Trade Unions), 30,10; 31,11; List G-see Tariffs G 36,4 Import quotas, 33,1; 33,2; 34,1-2; 38,2 GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs Income-see Tables and charts M and Trade): Industrial redevelopment, conference on, Dillon proposals, 32,6; 36,1 38,12 Malvestiti, Piero, S,8; 37,4-5 (photo); EEC cooperation with, 32,6; 34,2; Industry: 38,8-10 35,10-11; 36,1 Attitude toward common market, 36,12 Mansholt, Sicco, 31,9; 32,7; 33,16; S,8 EEC report to, 30,11 Concentration, 34,5 Maps, 34,8; 38, supplement Free trade area, definition, 34,2 . Nuclear, 33,11 Marjolin, Robert, S,8 Tariff cuts extended by EEC, 33,1 Production, 32,1; 35,4; S,l; 38,3-4 Mattiorlati, Dalmas & Sons, 34,12 de Gaulle, Charles, 33,2 {photo only) Structure, 3 3,4 Maudling, Reginald, 30,1-2 (photo); 31,6; GEORG (Gemeinschaftsorganisation Ruhr- Tourist, 34,12 31,11; 32,7 Kohle), 35,3 Intergovernmental Committee of the OEEC Maudling Committee, 30,1 Giacchero, Enzo, S,8; 37,4; 38,9 for negotiation of a Free Trade Area McCone, John, 32,3 Graphs-see Tables and charts -see OEEC Medi, Enrico, 34,5; 35,8-9 (photos); S,8 Great Britain-see United Kingdom International Atomic Energy Agency, 30,5; Meiklereid, William, 30,5; 31,11 Greece, applies for membership in EEC, 33,11; 38,6 Mergers, 34,5; 35,5 37,3; 38,4-5 International Commission on Radiological Mines: von der Groeben, Hans, S,8 Protection, 33,16 Accident indemnity granted, 34,12 de Groote, Paul Hubert, 34,5 (photo); International Confederation of Free Trade Lorraine disaster, 36,4 35,8-9 (photos); S,8 Unions-see ICFTU Mine safety conference, 36,8 Gross national product, 33,16; S,1 International Labor Organization, 33,7; Parliament acts on mine safety, 36,8 33,11 Permanent Agency for Mine Safety, 36,8 Interstate Commerce Commission, U.S., Reorganization, Belgium, 32,5; 35,4; 32,7 36,3-4; 38,11-12 Investments: Monnet, Jean, 32,8; 37,1-3 H European Community, 33,16; 35,6 Monnet Committee-see Action Commit­ Halistein, Walter, 30,1; 30,10; 31,7; 31 ,9; United States, 35,14 tee for the United States of Europe 32,8; 34,1-2; S,1; S,8 (photo); 37,6-7 Ippolito, Felice, 35,7 Morocco, 35,15 {photos); 38,1-2; 38,15; 38,16 Ispra Nuclear Research Center, 37,5 Health: Italy: ECSC seventh general report, 35,6 High Authority fine appealed, 34,12 N Euratom health protection rules, 33,11 Investment Bank loans, 35,14 Natural gas-see Energy Euratom safety norms, 32,8; 33,16 Nuclear Research Center to be turned Netherlands, turnover tax increases ques­ Health Protection Committee, 36,8 over to Euratom, 37,5 tioned, 35,15-16 Hellwig, Fritz, 37,4-5 {photo); 38,8 Readaptation of steel workers, 30,11; Norway (see also EFTA), 35,9; 38,14 35,16 High Authority (see also ECSC): Nuclear materials: Appointment procedure, 34,9; 37,4-5 Common market for, 34,6 Architectural contest, 33,14-15 J Inspection and control of, 33,11 Belgian coal industry reorganization, Nuclear power: 32,5; 35,4; 36,3-4; 38,6 Jeanney, Jean-Marcel, 36,2 Capacity, 30,5; 31,1; 31,4 Bonds, prospectus revised, 33,3; 38,15 Joint Congressional Committee on Atomic Costs, 31,4; S,6 Coal policy, 30,6; 32,4-6; 35,1-2; 35,4 Energy, U.S., 31,1-3; 31,12; 32,3 Dragon Project, power reactor, 35,9 Housing program, 30,7; 33,13; 33,14; Joint Legal Service, 35,11 Fuel supplies, 31,4 35,6 Joint Press and Information Service, 35,11 Industry, 33,11 Job evaluation study session, 34,12 Joint Statistical Service, 35,11; 38,13 Production objectives, 30,5; 31,1 Krupp merger conditions, 34;5 Journal Officiel des Communautes Euro- Research reactor program, 31,4 Levy rates fixed, 30,11 peenes (Official Gazette), 30,11; 34,9 U.S.-Euratom program, 30,5; 32,3; 36,12 4 Salaries-see Wages Structure, 33,4-5 0 Sassen, E.M.J.A., 32,8; 34,5; S,8 Volume, 32,2 OCCF (Office Commun des Consomma­ Schaus, Lambert, 31,11; 34, I 0; S,8 Trade unions (see also ICFTU and La­ teurs de Ferraille-Scrap Consumers' Scholarship, 33,16 bor), views on coal crisis, 36,4 1oint Office), import equalization sys­ Schuman, Robert, 30,9; 34,12; S,8 (photo) Transportation: tem, 31 ,9 Schuman Plan (see also ECSC), 30,9 Certificate of circulation, 34,10 OEEC (Organization for European Eco­ Scientific and Technical Committee, 33,16; Common policy, 32,8; 35,13 nomic Cooperation) : 37,5 Court of Justice to try rate-publication EEC tariff reductions and quota enlarge­ Scrap Consumers' Joint Office, 31,9 case, 36,12 ments extended to, 33,1 Social Fund-see European Social Fund Shifts in transport of ECSC products, Eurochemic Company, 33,11 Social Security, 33 ,13, 33,14 33 ,15 European Nuclear Energy Agency, 33,11; Soldati, Agostino, 30,12 Swiss-ECSC transport agreement, 32,7 35,9 Spierenburg, Dirk, 30,4; 31,7 (photo); S,8; Transport Committee, EEC, 34,10 European Productivity Agency, 34,12 37,4; 38,8 Transport conference, ECSC, 32,7 Free Trade Area negotiations, 35,10; Steel (see also ECSC): Tunisia, 35,15; 36,11 38,1-3 Market, 31 ,8 Turkey, applies for associate membership Intergovernmental Committee of the Prices, France, 35,7 in EEC, 37,3; 38,4-5 OEEC for Negotiation of a Free Production, 30,12; 32,5; 33,15; 34,12; Trade Area, 30,1 35 ,4-5; 35,13; 35,15; 38,13 Membership, 34,8; 38,supplement Scrap, 31,9; 33,14; 35,5 u Tourist industry report, 34,12 Strauss, Lewis L., 30,5 Unemployment (see also Readaptation), Trade program talks, 34,4 Stresa Conference, 30,12; 31,9 32,2 Official Gazette, 30,11; 34,9 Supply Agency, 33, II; 35,7 United Kingdom (see also EFTA): "Outer Seven"-see EFTA Sweden (see also EFTA), 35,9; 38,14 Agreement for cooperation, Euratom, Overseas Countries Development Fund­ Switzerland (see also EFTA), 30,12; 32,7; 30,5; 32,8; 34,5; 36,11-12 see European Development Fund 35 ,9 Delegation to Community, 31,11; 34,5 Dragon Project, 35,9 Euratom-U.K. Permanent Committee, p 36,11-12 T United States: Petrilli, Giuseppe, 33,14; S,8 Tables and charts: AEC members visit Euratom, 36,12 Poher, Alain, 32,8 Agricultural imports, 30,3 Agreement for cooperation, Euratom, Pleven, Rene, 31,5 (photo only) Employment, 33,12 30,5; 31,1-3; 31,12; 32,3; 32 ,4; 33,11; Political cooperation, 38,14 Energy imports and requirements, 36,6 34,9; 38,15 Population, 33,12 European Community: Congressmen study Common Market, Portugal (see also EFTA), 36,11 Chronology, 34,6-7; S,7 38,14 Potthoff, Heinz, S,8; 37,4; 38,8 Institutions and executives, 31 ,7; S,8 Contracts for research, Euratom, 38,15 Power-see Energy and Nuclear power Map, 34,8 Eisenhower statement on EEC, 38,14 Prices, 32,2: Free Trade Area chronology, 34,4 Euratom Cooperation Act, 31,1-3 ; 34,9 French devaluation effects, 35,7 Housing program, ECSC: Euratom-U.S. Joint Power Program, Scrap, 31 ,9; 33,14 Financing, 30,7 30,5; 32,3; 36,12 Production, coal and steel, 30,12; 32,5; Sales and rentals, 30,7 European atomic specialists tour, 38,7 33,15; 34,12; 35,4-5; 35 ,15; 38,13 Income per capita, world, 37 ,2 European integration supported, 30,4; Production, industrial, 32,1; 35,4; S,1; Less developed countries, income and 31,1-2; 33,6 38 ,3-4 projected aid, 37 ,2 High Authority loan in U.S., 31,12; 33 ,3; Publications, 30,11 ; 30,12; 31,3; 31,4; Population, 33,12 38,15 31 ,12; 32,8; 33 ,4; 33 ,11; 33,12; 33,14; Production, industrial, 38,4 Investments in Common Market bur­ 33,15; 34,9; 34,12; 35,6; 35,10-11; Production, steel, 3 5,13 geon, 35,15 35,14; 35,16; 36,12; 37,12; 38,3-4; Social security, employers' contributions Joint Congressional Committee on 38,16 in coal and steel industries, 33,13 Atomic Energy, 31,1-3; 31,12; 32,3 Tariff changes during transition period, Loan contract with Euratom, 38,15 31,10 United States Atomic Energy Commission, R United Kingdom, agricultural imports, 31,2-3; 32,4; 36,12; 38,7 30,3 United States Interstate Commerce Com­ Rasquin, Michel, 30,7; 31 ,11 Wage scales, coal and steel industries, mission, 32,7 Readaptation, 30,11; 35 ,2; 35,6; 35,16; 33,15 United States World Trade Fair, 34,9; 36,4; 38,12 Tandy, Arthur Harry, 31,11 S,l; 36,6-7 Research : Tariffs (see also GATT): Coal and mining equipment, 30,10; 36,8; Changes planned, chart, 31,10 38,10 v Coal and steel, 34,12 Nuclear, 30,11; 33,10-11; 36,11; 37,5; Common external tariff, 31,10; 33,6; Verloren van Themaat, Pieter, 34,11 38,6; 38,15 34,2; 34,6; 35 ,15; 36,1; 38,16 Steel and steelmaking, 30,10; 36,8; 38 ,10 Commission proposals, 38,2 Restrictive trade practices, 33 ,6; 34,5: Nuclear materials, 34,6 34,11; 35 ,3; 35 ,5-6 w Reductions, 33,1; 33,2; 33,3 Rey, Jean, 31,6-7 (photo); 32,6; 34,3; S,8; Requirements for elimination, 34,1-2 Wages: 38,3 Coal and steel workers high on pay Reynaud, Roger, S,8; 37 ,4; 38,8 Taxes, internal, 35,12; 35,15 Teitgen, Paul-Henri, 31,6 scale, 33,15 Right of establishment, 33,3 Cost study, EEC, 38 ,14 Rosenberg, Ludwig, 31,11 Three Wise Men, 30,5 Tourism, 34,12 Rise in real wages, EEC, 33,12-13 Ruhr-see Coal Wehrer, Albert, S,8; 37,4; 38,8 Trade (see also EEC, GATT, OEEC and Wise Men, 30,5 Tariffs): s Liberal trade measures proposed by Common Market Commission, 38,1-3 z Safety (see also Mines), Euratom pro­ Overseas Countries and Territories, gram, 32,8; 33,16; 34,11 35,13 Zellerbach, James D., 33,6 (photo)