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Fall 06 IF Form 1 P. 1-16.Indd People Foundation for the second time, has a alone, replacing current lighting value of one million euros. systems with systems based on LED lights could achieve very significant The Millennium Technology reductions in energy consumption in Prize is awarded every second year future decades. The new light sources for a technological innovation that are also well-suited to operation with significantly improves the quality solar power systems and are therefore of human life. The intention is ideal for use in remote areas of to encourage human-centered developing countries. technological development by rewarding both innovations and One of the most significant future research and development work that applications for Shuji Nakamura’s are aimed at improving quality of invention is the sterilization of SHUJI NAKAMURA received the life and sustainable development. drinking water, since the use of 2006 Millennium Technology Finnish organizations, industry, and ultraviolet LEDs makes the water Prize for developing a new, the Finnish government founded and purification process both cheaper revolutionary source of light and more efficient. Systems based – bright-blue, green, and white fund the prize. The first Millennium LEDs, and a blue laser. Dr. Technology Prize was awarded to Sir on this technology are expected to Nakamura is shown here with Tim Berners-Lee in June 2004 for his improve the lives and health of tens his blue laser. invention of the World Wide Web. of millions of people. Professor Shuji Nakamura’s Data storage and transfer using Shuji Nakamura Wins innovation has launched a totally light generated by blue lasers brings new sector in light-producing significant benefits, for example, the 2006 Millennium semiconductor research and the amount of data stored on CDs Technology Prize development. His development or DVDs can be increased by some also made possible the wide-scale five times compared to current industrial production of efficient, techniques. The 2006 Millennium Technology energy-saving LED lights and created Prize has been awarded to SHUJI Professor Nakamura was born the conditions for applications that NAKAMURA. Professor Nakamura in Japan in 1954. He has worked improve the quality of human life. has developed a new, revolutionary in the USA at the University of source of light – bright-blue, green, LED lights have extremely long California, Santa Barbara since and white LEDs and a blue laser. lives and consume far less energy 2000, and his research work into The technology is used in several than normal incandescent lamps. new sources of light continues. applications that improve the quality In industrialized countries, the For more information, visit the of human life. The world’s largest opportunities for energy-saving Millennium Prize website at www. technology prize, now being awarded LED lights are significant – it has millenniumprize.fi. by Finland’s Millennium Prize been calculated that in the USA presented by the European Fuel where he led development of solid Cell Forum. The medal is named for oxide fuel cell technology from the Swiss scientist who is credited a laboratory curiosity to fully with identifying the fundamental integrated 200 kW power generation chemistry of fuel cells and, together systems. At PNNL, Singhal provides with Sir William Robert Grove, for the senior technical, managerial and creation of the fuel cell in 1839. commercialization leadership to the A member of the National laboratory’s fuel cell program. Academy of Engineering, Singhal is a Singhal has authored more than Fellow of four professional societies: 75 scientific publications; edited ECS, American Ceramic Society, 13 books; received 13 patents; and ASM International, and American delivered over 225 plenary, keynote, Association for the Advancement of and other invited presentations Science; and is a senior member of worldwide. He is an adjunct professor TMS, the Mineral, Metals & Materials in the Department of Materials Subhash Singhal Honored Society. He also has served on Science and Engineering at the with Schoenbein Medal numerous national and international University of Utah and serves on advisory panels. Singhal has been the Visiting Advisory Board of the very active in ECS. He is a past chair Department of Materials Science Fuel cell pioneer SUBHASH SINGHAL, of the High Temperature Materials and Engineering at the University of a Battelle Fellow, and Director of Division, currently chair of the ECS Florida. Fuel Cells at the Department of Publication Committee, and has The award was presented to Singhal Energy’s Pacific Northwest National been the lead organizer of the very Laboratory, has received the Christian by Professor John Kilner, chair of the successful Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Seventh European Solid Oxide Fuel Friedrich Schoenbein Gold Medal Symposium. for his outstanding contributions to Cell Forum, and Ulf Bossel, chair of solid oxide fuel cell technology. The Dr. Singhal joined PNNL in April the European Fuel Cell Forum, during biennial award is the highest honor 2000, after nearly 30 years at Siemens the closing ceremony of the forum’s Westinghouse Power Corporation, July meeting in Lucerne, Switzerland. 12 The Electrochemical Society Interface • Fall 2006 Errata In the summer 2006 issue of In Memoriam giants in the field of defect chemistry, Interface, in the “Denver, Colorado as he built on the pioneering work Meeting Highlights” article (p. 10), of Carl Wagner and Walter Schottky we regrettably misspelled the name of that began in the early 1930s. One the Vittorio de Nora Award winner, of his lasting contributions was his Florian Mansfeld. Prof. Mansfeld participation in the development and provided the additional information promotion of a systematic and logical about his career. We apologize to Dr. scheme of defect notation known as Mansfeld for the errors. Kröger-Vink notation, which is now universally used. It brought order to Dr. Mansfeld began his award a chaotic mix of strange notations address by recognizing his mentors that had previously been used. He and co-workers in the field of electrochemistry and corrosion also promoted the use of the Brouwer science. After obtained his PhD approximation of charge neutrality to in physical chemistry at the develop the graphical representation University of Munich (Germany), of defect concentrations as a he joined Prof. H. H. Uhlig’s function of the nonmetal/metal corrosion lab at MIT in 1967. This activity in compound crystals now marked the start of his career Ferdinand Anne Kröger known as Kröger-Vink diagrams. as a corrosion scientist. In 1969 He summarized his work in his he joined the NASA Electronic 1915-2006 monumental monograph, The Research Center at Cambridge Chemistry of Imperfect Crystals (a (Massachusetts), where he FERDINAND A. KRÖGER passed away wonderful title). I had the privilege of worked with S. Gilman and M. on March 17, 2006 in Encinitas, meeting Professor Kröger at a number Salomon. He then started working California, survived by his former of conferences and of discussing at the North American Science wife Elisabeth J. Kröger-Hofdijk, some of our own work with him. His Center (later called the Rockwell son Frank, daughter Catharine, approval was a matter of great pride International Science Center) with granddaughter Solange, and to me. He leaves behind an enduring scientists that had carved out grandsons Mathew and Robert. record of achievements.” distinguished careers of their own, such as K. Oldham, E. Parry, and G. Professor Kröger was born in The legacy of Professor Kröger’s Lauer. In 1978, he became manager Amsterdam in 1915; and in 1937, passion for understanding and of the Interface Phenomena at the young age of 22, received correlating the physico-chemical Group. Dr. Mansfeld mentioned his doctorate in physical chemistry properties of materials to their defects the extensive work he performed from the University of Amsterdam. or imperfections as he called them, with his colleague M. Kendig in His early work was in luminescence is of paramount importance in the many areas of corrosion research, in solids. In 1940, he reported industrial processing of materials in especially in the development of the first observation of a series of the development and manufacture the electrochemical impedance emission peaks below the absorption of modern day optoelectronic and spectroscopy (EIS) technique as a edge that are spaced apart by a microelectronic devices. powerful tool in corrosion research. longitudinal phonon energy in the Finally, he mentioned important II-VI compounds. He summarized the This notice was prepared by Prof. collaborations with B. Little and early work in the book Some Aspects Kröger’s colleague, V. Swaminathan, and C. Breslin, and acknowledged of Luminescence of Solids published by Prof. Kröger’s family, students, and the contributions of his many in 1948 by Elsevier. In 1964, after other colleagues. postdoctoral fellows and graduate research positions at Philips, in The students. In 1985 Dr. Mansfeld became a professor of materials Netherlands, and Mullard Research science at USC. Laboratories in the UK, he moved to the USA with his family. He became In the summer 2006 issue of Interface, a founding professor of the Materials in the “Denver, Colorado Meeting Science Department at the University Highlights” article (p. 9), in the of Southern California. He directed bottom photo, the names of the people doctoral dissertations of his students were transposed. The photo, and its in II-VI compounds and oxides. Many correct caption, appear below. of his students went on to occupy key positions in leading industrial research laboratories at ATT, IBM, 3M, and Aerojet Systems. Others took the entrepreneurial route establishing their own small companies. Professor Kröger was a recipient of numerous awards that include USC Viterbi School of Engineering Research Award and the Chandon Gold Medal from the French The 2006 Henry B. Linford Award was Mineralogy Society. He was elected to presented to DEREK PLETCHER (right) by the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences. ECS President BILL SMYRL.
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