DOCSLIB.ORG

Determination of Selected Secondary and Tertiary Amine Alkaloids in Barley Malt

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Boonthong Poocharoen for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Food Science and Technology presented on June 1, 1983 Title: Determination of Selected Secondary and Tertiary Amine Alkaloids in Barley Malt /7 Abstract approved: /7R. A. Scanlan The malt alkaloids N-methyltyramine, N,N-dimethyltyramine (hordenine), N-methyl-3-aminomethylindole and N,N-dimethyl-3-ami- nomethylindole (gramine) are known precursors for N-nitrosamines. Analytical procedures were developed and applied to extract and quantify these alkaloids from malt, green malt, malt roots, and raw barley. A ground malt sample under nitrogen atmosphere was extracted with 5 percent concentrated ammonium hydroxide in meth- anol at room temperature for 24 hours. After purification, the extracted alkaloids were quantitated by reverse phase high per- formance liquid chromatography using both phosphate buffer and ion-pairing solvent systems. The recoveries obtained for the al- kaloids listed were, respectively, 77.4, 92.0, 74.0 and 80.5 per- cent with detection limit of 0.2, 0.2, 0.1 and 0.1 pg/gm. Con- formation of identity of each alkaloid was accomplished by TLC, UV, and MS. Twenty-three samples of kilned malts, five samples of green malts, ten samples of kilned malt roots, five samples of green malt roots, and ten raw barley samples, from a total of 11 varie- ties of Hordeum vulgare were analyzed for the alkaloids of in- terest. N-Methyltyramine was found in every sample from all sources with a mean and range, respectively, of 26.8 (15.7-48.5), 21.4 (11.6-37.5), 1959.8 (1358.4-2798.4), 1532.5 (962.3-2091.1) and 4.7 yg/gm (0.4-17.9 yg/gm) on a dry weight basis. The means and ranges for hordenine were, respectively, 28.1 (8.9-42.4), 21.2 (9.6-35.5), 4066.4 (2741.2-5180.1), 3363.3 (1956.2-4744.3) and 0.7 yg/gm (0.5-1.0 yg/gm). Gramine was found in only two barley malt varieties examined where kilned and green malts con- tained, respectively, mean values and ranges of 7.4 (4.9-10.0) and 6.0 yg/gm (4.7-7.3 yg/gm). N-Methyl-3-aminomethylindole was not detected in any of the samples examined. The results of this investigation indicated that the variety of barley affected alkaloid production during malting. The re- sults also showed that the kilning step of the malting process in- creased the total amount of each alkaloid produced. Finally, room temperature nitrosation of five varieties of kilned and green malts, in which the contents of hordenine and gramine were known, was carried out with an excess of nitrite in acetic acid at pH 3.2 for 18 hours. The amounts of N-nitrosodi- methylamine (NDMA) obtained from this nitrosation were far greater than the expected yields for NDMA from the hordenine and gramine present in the malts. The results strongly suggest that the alka-' loids hordenine and gramine were not the only precursors for NDMA and that there must be additional precursors; dimethylamine was suggested as a possibility. Determination of Selected Secondary and Tertiary Amine Alkaloids in Barley Malt by Boonthong Poocharoen A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Completed June 1, 1983 Commencement June 1984 APPROVED: Professor of FoocJ/Science and Technology in charge of major Head of "Departmen^'o'ff Food Science and Technology Dean of Gradua/ui School J Date thesis is presented June 1, 1983 T^ed ^ Do'nna^el^rJen-Race ^r Boonthong Poocharoen ♦ DEDICATION ♦ The author wishes to express his deep appreci- ation to his family for their endless encouragement and understanding. This thesis is dedicated to his wife Duangduen3 his daughter Wccnnisa, and his son Phanupat. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to thank Dr. R. A. Scanlan, his major ad- visor, for directing this research and Dr. L. M. Libbey for his assistance with mass spectral analysis and help in writing this thesis. Thanks are expressed also to: Mr. B. K. Lukes, Project Chemist of Great Western Malting Company, and the Great Western Malting Company for providing and preparing all malt samples used in this study; Mr. J. F. Barbour of the Department of Food Science and Technology, O.S.U., for his help with the quantitation of NDMA using the Thermal Energy Analyzer; and Mr. D. A. Griffin, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, O.S.U., for his assistance with mass spectrometry. The author also wishes to extend his gratitude to Payap College, Chiang Mai, Thailand, the United Board for Christian Higher Education in Asia, New York, and the Myrtle L. Atkinson Foundation, California, for providing the opportunity and a scholar- ship to the author for studying in this country. This investigation was supported in part by Grant No. CA 25002, awarded by the National Cancer Institute, DHHS, and also a grant from the United States Brewers Association, Inc., Washington, D.C. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. LITERATURE REVIEW 7 A. Introduction 7 B. N-Nitrosation of Secondary Amines 7 C. N-Nitrosation of Tertiary Amines 9 D. Gaseous Nitrosating Agents 14 E. Precursors of NDMA in Malt 15 F. Biosynthesis of Alkaloids in Barley during Germin- ation 26 -N-Methyltyramine and Hordenine Alkaloids .... 29 -Gramine and N-Methyl-3-aminomethylindole Alkaloids 34 I. Formation of Non-volatile N-Nitrosamines in Malt' and Beer 38 J. Analysis of Alkaloids in Raw Barley, Green Malt, Malt, and Malt Roots 42 -Isolation and Purification 43 -Separation and Identification 46 -Detection and Quantitation 50 -Confirmation 53 III. EXPERIMENTAL 56 A. Reagents and Equipment 56 B. Extraction Procedure for Isolation of Alkaloids from Malt 60 Part 1: Extraction of Alkaloids from Malt. ... 59 Part 2: Determination of Recovery 64 C. Separation and Quantitation of Alkaloids by HPLC. 67 D. Quantitative Determination of Alkaloids in Malt, Green Malt, Malt Roots and Raw Barley 68 Part 1: Survey of Alkaloids in Malted Barley . 68 Part 2: Determination of Alkaloids in Barley, Clean Malt and Malt Roots from Barleys that Were Grown under the Same Conditions 69 Part 3: Determination of Alkaloids Biosynthe- sized during the Malting Process .... 70 TABLE OF CONTENTS - CONTINUED Page E. Confirmation of Identity for Alkaloids Extracted from Malted Barley, Roots and Raw Barley 74 Part 1: High Performance Liquid Chromatog- raphy (HPLC) 74 Part 2: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). ... 75 Part 3: Ultraviolet Spectrometry (UV) 75 Part 4: Mass Spectrometry (MS) 75 F. Nitrosation of Alkaloids in Malted Barley under Laboratory Conditions 78 Part 1: Nitrosation of Freeze-dried Clean Malt Spiked with Standard Amines ... 79 Part 2: Nitrosation of Freeze-dried Clean Malts and Kilned Clean Malts 80 IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 81 A. Extraction Procedure for Isolation of Alkaloids from Malt 81 Part 1: Extraction of Alkaloids from Malt. 82 Part 2: Determination of Recovery 87 B. Separation and Quantitation of Alkaloids by HPLG. 90 C. Quantitative Determination of Alkaloids in Malt, Green Malt, Malt Roots and Raw Barley 102 Part 1: Survey of Alkaloids in Malted Barley . 102 Part 2: Determination of Alkaloids in Barley, Clean Malt, and Malt Roots from Bar- leys that Were Grown under the Same Conditions 106 Part 3: Determination of Alkaloids Biosynthe- sized during the Malting Process . 110 D. Confirmation of Identity by HPLC, UV, MS and TLC for Alkaloids Extracted from Malted Barley, Malt Roots and Raw Barley 115 E. Nitrosation of Alkaloids in Malted Barley Under Laboratory Conditions 171 Part 1: Nitrosation of Freeze-dried Clean Malt Spiked with Standard Amines 172 Part 2: Nitrosation of Green (Freeze-dried) Clean Malts and Kilned Clean Malts . 172 TABLE OF CONTENTS - CONTINUED Page V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 179 VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY 182 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Proposed mechanisms for the nitrosative dealky- lation of tertiary amines 12 2 Proposed reaction products from the nitrosation of hordenine at elevated temperature 22 3 Proposed reaction products from the nitrosation of gramine 25 4 Unit operation in the malting process 28 5 Biosynthetic pathway for alkaloids in green malts 31 6 Proposed reaction products from the nitrosation of N-methyltyramine and N-methyl-3-aminomethylin- dole 40 7 Schematic procedure for extraction of alkaloids from malt 62 8 Schematic representation of malt sampling for the determination of alkaloids biosynthesized during malt processing 73 9 HPLC analysis using the phosphate buffer system for alkaloids from freeze-dried Morex malt ex- tract 92 10 HPLC analysis using the ion-pairing system for alkaloids from freeze-dried Morex malt extract 94 11 HPLC analysis using the phosphate buffer system for alkaloids from kilned Klages malt extract spiked with N-methytyramine 96 12 HPLC analysis using the ion-pairing system for alkaloids from kilned Klages malt extract spiked with N-methyltyramine 98 13 UV spectra of N-methyltyramine 117 14 Mass spectrum of N-methyltyramine collected as peak #2 from HPLC separation of Winter malt extract 120 LIST OF FIGURES - CONTINUED Figure Page 15 Mass spectrum of standard N-methyltyramine 122 16 Mass spectra of N-methyltyramine from malt 124 extract and standard 17 HPLC analysis using the phosphate buffer system for alkaloids from kilned Karla malt extract spiked with hordenine 126 18 HPLC analysis using the ion-pairing system for alkaloids from kilned Karla malt extract spiked with hordenine 128 19 UV spectra of hordenine 130 20 Mass spectrum of hordenine collected as peak #3 of HPLC separation using the ion-pairing system on Winter malt extract. 132 21 Mass spectrum of standard hordenine (free base form
Recommended publications
  • Neurotransmitter Resource Guide

    Neurotransmitter Resource Guide

    NEUROTRANSMITTER RESOURCE GUIDE Science + Insight doctorsdata.com Doctor’s Data, Inc. Neurotransmitter RESOURCE GUIDE Table of Contents Sample Report Sample Report ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Analyte Considerations Phenylethylamine (B-phenylethylamine or PEA) ................................................................................................. 1 Tyrosine .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Tyramine ........................................................................................................................................................................................4 Dopamine .....................................................................................................................................................................................6 3, 4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid (DOPAC) ............................................................................................................... 7 3-Methoxytyramine (3-MT) ............................................................................................................................................... 9 Norepinephrine ........................................................................................................................................................................
  • THE BIOSYNTHESIS of SOME PHENOLIC ALKALOIDS a Thesis Submitted by GEOFFREY MELVILLE THOMAS for the Degree of DOCTOR of PHILOSOPH

    THE BIOSYNTHESIS of SOME PHENOLIC ALKALOIDS a Thesis Submitted by GEOFFREY MELVILLE THOMAS for the Degree of DOCTOR of PHILOSOPH

    /1 THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF SOME PHENOLIC ALKALOIDS a thesis submitted by GEOFFREY MELVILLE THOMAS for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON Imperial College, June 1963. London, S. W.7. ABSTRACT A brief review of the biosynthesis of alkaloids, other than those of the Amaryllidaceae and morphine groups, is given. The biosynthesis of these two groups is discussed more fully with particular reference to the evidence for the Barton and Cohen concept of phenol oxidation as a biogenetic mechanism. The incorporation of labelled phenolic precursors, derivatives of norbelladine, has been shown and by means of multiple labelled experiments incorporation as a whole, without degradation, has been proved. Other experiments described have thrown light on the earlier stages of biogenesis. The norlaudanosine derivative, (±) reticuline, has been shown to be incorporated into morphine, and an in vitro synthesis of thebaine from (±) reticuline using a radiochemical dilution method is de-scribed. I am deeply grateful to Professor D. H. R. Barton and Dr. G. W. Kirby for the privilege and pleasure of working under their supervision and for their great help in matters chemical and non-chemical. To the Salters Company I would like to express my sincere thanks for the award of a scholarship and for their interest during the tenure of it. My thanks are also due to Dr. D. W. Turner for advice on counting techniques, Mr. D. Aldrich and his staff for valuable technical assistance, Miss J. Cuckney for microanalyses, Mr. R.H. Young who grew the daffodils and poppies and to my many friends and co-workers at Imperial College.
  • Mrx CLINICAL ALERT

    Mrx CLINICAL ALERT

    MRx AUGUST 2018 CLINICAL ALERT YOUR MONTHLY SOURCE FOR DRUG INFORMATION HIGHLIGHTS HOT TOPIC: potential to placebo in non-dependent FIRST DRUG COMPRISED adult recreational drug users. EDITORIAL OF ACTIVE MARIJUANA DERIVATIVE APPROVED Cannabidiol oral solution was studied STAFF in 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo- Under Priority review, the United States controlled clinical trials including 516 (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) patients with either LGS or Dravet EDITOR IN CHIEF approved cannabidiol oral solution syndrome. Cannabidiol taken with ® Maryam Tabatabai (Epidiolex ) for the treatment of the patient’s current anticonvulsant PharmD seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut regimen was shown to be effective syndrome (LGS) or Dravet syndrome in in reducing the frequency of seizures patients ≥ 2 years of age. It is the only when compared with placebo. Over EXECUTIVE EDITOR drug approved to treat Dravet syndrome the 12-week treatment period, the Carole Kerzic and the FDA designated it as an Orphan reduction in median number of LGS RPh drug and Rare pediatric disease drug seizures ranged from 37% to 44% with to treat both serious, difficult-to-treat CBD and 17% to 22% with placebo. DEPUTY EDITORS childhood seizure disorders. Dravet For Dravet syndrome, seizure reductions Stephanie Christofferson syndrome is diagnosed in approximately were 39% and 13% with CBD and PharmD 1 in 15,700 individuals in the US and placebo, respectively. Common side is characterized by frequent prolonged effects (≥ 10%) reported with CBD Jessica Czechowski seizures and developmental delays. LGS were increased liver transaminases PharmD involves frequent drop seizures and (particularly with concurrent use of impaired intellectual development.
  • Drug Name Plate Number Well Location % Inhibition, Screen Axitinib 1 1 20 Gefitinib (ZD1839) 1 2 70 Sorafenib Tosylate 1 3 21 Cr

    Drug Name Plate Number Well Location % Inhibition, Screen Axitinib 1 1 20 Gefitinib (ZD1839) 1 2 70 Sorafenib Tosylate 1 3 21 Cr

    Drug Name Plate Number Well Location % Inhibition, Screen Axitinib 1 1 20 Gefitinib (ZD1839) 1 2 70 Sorafenib Tosylate 1 3 21 Crizotinib (PF-02341066) 1 4 55 Docetaxel 1 5 98 Anastrozole 1 6 25 Cladribine 1 7 23 Methotrexate 1 8 -187 Letrozole 1 9 65 Entecavir Hydrate 1 10 48 Roxadustat (FG-4592) 1 11 19 Imatinib Mesylate (STI571) 1 12 0 Sunitinib Malate 1 13 34 Vismodegib (GDC-0449) 1 14 64 Paclitaxel 1 15 89 Aprepitant 1 16 94 Decitabine 1 17 -79 Bendamustine HCl 1 18 19 Temozolomide 1 19 -111 Nepafenac 1 20 24 Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) 1 21 -43 Lapatinib (GW-572016) Ditosylate 1 22 88 Temsirolimus (CCI-779, NSC 683864) 1 23 96 Belinostat (PXD101) 1 24 46 Capecitabine 1 25 19 Bicalutamide 1 26 83 Dutasteride 1 27 68 Epirubicin HCl 1 28 -59 Tamoxifen 1 29 30 Rufinamide 1 30 96 Afatinib (BIBW2992) 1 31 -54 Lenalidomide (CC-5013) 1 32 19 Vorinostat (SAHA, MK0683) 1 33 38 Rucaparib (AG-014699,PF-01367338) phosphate1 34 14 Lenvatinib (E7080) 1 35 80 Fulvestrant 1 36 76 Melatonin 1 37 15 Etoposide 1 38 -69 Vincristine sulfate 1 39 61 Posaconazole 1 40 97 Bortezomib (PS-341) 1 41 71 Panobinostat (LBH589) 1 42 41 Entinostat (MS-275) 1 43 26 Cabozantinib (XL184, BMS-907351) 1 44 79 Valproic acid sodium salt (Sodium valproate) 1 45 7 Raltitrexed 1 46 39 Bisoprolol fumarate 1 47 -23 Raloxifene HCl 1 48 97 Agomelatine 1 49 35 Prasugrel 1 50 -24 Bosutinib (SKI-606) 1 51 85 Nilotinib (AMN-107) 1 52 99 Enzastaurin (LY317615) 1 53 -12 Everolimus (RAD001) 1 54 94 Regorafenib (BAY 73-4506) 1 55 24 Thalidomide 1 56 40 Tivozanib (AV-951) 1 57 86 Fludarabine
  • Insecticidal and Antifungal Chemicals Produced by Plants

    Insecticidal and Antifungal Chemicals Produced by Plants

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Archive Ouverte en Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication Insecticidal and antifungal chemicals produced by plants: a review Isabelle Boulogne, Philippe Petit, Harry Ozier-Lafontaine, Lucienne Desfontaines, Gladys Loranger-Merciris To cite this version: Isabelle Boulogne, Philippe Petit, Harry Ozier-Lafontaine, Lucienne Desfontaines, Gladys Loranger- Merciris. Insecticidal and antifungal chemicals produced by plants: a review. Environmental Chem- istry Letters, Springer Verlag, 2012, 10 (4), pp.325 - 347. 10.1007/s10311-012-0359-1. hal-01767269 HAL Id: hal-01767269 https://hal-normandie-univ.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01767269 Submitted on 29 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial| 4.0 International License Version définitive du manuscrit publié dans / Final version of the manuscript published in : Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2012, n°10(4), 325-347 The final publication is available at www.springerlink.com : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10311-012-0359-1 Insecticidal and antifungal chemicals produced by plants. A review Isabelle Boulogne 1,2* , Philippe Petit 3, Harry Ozier-Lafontaine 2, Lucienne Desfontaines 2, Gladys Loranger-Merciris 1,2 1 Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, UFR Sciences exactes et naturelles, Campus de Fouillole, F- 97157, Pointe-à-Pitre Cedex (Guadeloupe), France.
  • The Activation of Α1-Adrenoceptors Is Implicated in the Antidepressant-Like Effect of Creatine in the Tail Suspension Test

    The Activation of Α1-Adrenoceptors Is Implicated in the Antidepressant-Like Effect of Creatine in the Tail Suspension Test

    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 44 (2013) 39–50 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pnp The activation of α1-adrenoceptors is implicated in the antidepressant-like effect of creatine in the tail suspension test Mauricio P. Cunha, Francis L. Pazini, Ágatha Oliveira, Luis E.B. Bettio, Julia M. Rosa, Daniele G. Machado, Ana Lúcia S. Rodrigues ⁎ Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil article info abstract Article history: The antidepressant-like activity of creatine in the tail suspension test (TST) was demonstrated previously by Received 5 September 2012 our group. In this study we investigated the involvement of the noradrenergic system in the Received in revised form 8 January 2013 antidepressant-like effect of creatine in the mouse TST. In the first set of experiments, creatine administered Accepted 18 January 2013 by i.c.v. route (1 μg/site) decreased the immobility time in the TST, suggesting the central effect of this com- Available online 26 January 2013 pound. The anti-immobility effect of peripheral administration of creatine (1 mg/kg, p.o.) was prevented by the pretreatment of mice with α-methyl-p-tyrosine (100 mg/kg, i.p., inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase), Keywords: α α Antidepressant prazosin
  • Hallucinogens: an Update

    Hallucinogens: an Update

    National Institute on Drug Abuse RESEARCH MONOGRAPH SERIES Hallucinogens: An Update 146 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services • Public Health Service • National Institutes of Health Hallucinogens: An Update Editors: Geraline C. Lin, Ph.D. National Institute on Drug Abuse Richard A. Glennon, Ph.D. Virginia Commonwealth University NIDA Research Monograph 146 1994 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service National Institutes of Health National Institute on Drug Abuse 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This monograph is based on the papers from a technical review on “Hallucinogens: An Update” held on July 13-14, 1992. The review meeting was sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse. COPYRIGHT STATUS The National Institute on Drug Abuse has obtained permission from the copyright holders to reproduce certain previously published material as noted in the text. Further reproduction of this copyrighted material is permitted only as part of a reprinting of the entire publication or chapter. For any other use, the copyright holder’s permission is required. All other material in this volume except quoted passages from copyrighted sources is in the public domain and may be used or reproduced without permission from the Institute or the authors. Citation of the source is appreciated. Opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or official policy of the National Institute on Drug Abuse or any other part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The U.S. Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or company.
  • The Electrochemistry and Fluorescence Studies of 2,3-Diphenyl Indole Derivatives

    The Electrochemistry and Fluorescence Studies of 2,3-Diphenyl Indole Derivatives

    THE ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND FLUORESCENCE STUDIES OF 2,3-DIPHENYL INDOLE DERIVATIVES A thesis in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy By Nidup Phuntsho Supervisors Prof. Naresh Kumar (UNSW) A/Prof. Steve Colbran (UNSW) Prof. David StC Black (UNSW) School of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of New South Wales Kensington, Australia August 2014 PLEASE TYPE THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname or Fam1ly name· Phuntsho First name: N1dup Other name/s: Abbreviation for degree as g1ven in the University calendar: MSc School Chemistry Faculty; Science Title· The electrochemistry and fluorescence studies of 2,3- diphenyl indole derivatives Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) A series of 2,3-diphenyl-4,6-dimethoxyindole derivatives with C-7 substitutions were successfully synthesized. All the novel indolyl derivatives were fully characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) techniques. Electrochemical oxidation pathways for indolyl derivatives were explored using cyclic voltammetry (CV), spectroelectrochemistry and electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The electrochemical mechanisms of 2,3-disubstituted-4,6- dimethoxyindole derivatives were proposed based on results obtained from the above-mentioned techniques. This thesis also includes the synthesis of novel indolyl ligands and explores their use in metal-binding fluorescence studies. Novel indolyl chemosensors based di-2-picolylamine (DPA) and a range of amino acids were synthesized. A group of biologically relevant metal ions was selected to study their bindin!1 modes and how that affected the fluorescence emission intensity of the ligands. DPA-based indole ligand was found to be Cu • ion selective.
  • Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases List of Chemicals for Chronic Venous Insufficiency/CVI

    Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases List of Chemicals for Chronic Venous Insufficiency/CVI

    Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases List of Chemicals for Chronic Venous Insufficiency/CVI Chemical Activity Count (+)-AROMOLINE 1 (+)-CATECHIN 5 (+)-GALLOCATECHIN 1 (+)-HERNANDEZINE 1 (+)-PRAERUPTORUM-A 1 (+)-SYRINGARESINOL 1 (+)-SYRINGARESINOL-DI-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE 1 (-)-ACETOXYCOLLININ 1 (-)-APOGLAZIOVINE 1 (-)-BISPARTHENOLIDINE 1 (-)-BORNYL-CAFFEATE 1 (-)-BORNYL-FERULATE 1 (-)-BORNYL-P-COUMARATE 1 (-)-CANADINE 1 (-)-EPICATECHIN 4 (-)-EPICATECHIN-3-O-GALLATE 1 (-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN 1 (-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-O-GALLATE 2 (-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN-GALLATE 3 (-)-HYDROXYJASMONIC-ACID 1 (-)-N-(1'-DEOXY-1'-D-FRUCTOPYRANOSYL)-S-ALLYL-L-CYSTEINE-SULFOXIDE 1 (1'S)-1'-ACETOXYCHAVICOL-ACETATE 1 (2R)-(12Z,15Z)-2-HYDROXY-4-OXOHENEICOSA-12,15-DIEN-1-YL-ACETATE 1 (7R,10R)-CAROTA-1,4-DIENALDEHYDE 1 (E)-4-(3',4'-DIMETHOXYPHENYL)-BUT-3-EN-OL 1 1,2,6-TRI-O-GALLOYL-BETA-D-GLUCOSE 1 1,7-BIS(3,4-DIHYDROXYPHENYL)HEPTA-4E,6E-DIEN-3-ONE 1 Chemical Activity Count 1,7-BIS(4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXYPHENYL)-1,6-HEPTADIEN-3,5-DIONE 1 1,8-CINEOLE 1 1-(METHYLSULFINYL)-PROPYL-METHYL-DISULFIDE 1 1-ETHYL-BETA-CARBOLINE 1 1-O-(2,3,4-TRIHYDROXY-3-METHYL)-BUTYL-6-O-FERULOYL-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE 1 10-ACETOXY-8-HYDROXY-9-ISOBUTYLOXY-6-METHOXYTHYMOL 1 10-GINGEROL 1 12-(4'-METHOXYPHENYL)-DAURICINE 1 12-METHOXYDIHYDROCOSTULONIDE 1 13',II8-BIAPIGENIN 1 13-HYDROXYLUPANINE 1 14-ACETOXYCEDROL 1 14-O-ACETYL-ACOVENIDOSE-C 1 16-HYDROXY-4,4,10,13-TETRAMETHYL-17-(4-METHYL-PENTYL)-HEXADECAHYDRO- 1 CYCLOPENTA[A]PHENANTHREN-3-ONE 2,3,7-TRIHYDROXY-5-(3,4-DIHYDROXY-E-STYRYL)-6,7,8,9-TETRAHYDRO-5H-
  • Review Article New Insight Into Adiponectin Role in Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases

    Review Article New Insight Into Adiponectin Role in Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases

    Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2014, Article ID 658913, 14 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/658913 Review Article New Insight into Adiponectin Role in Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases Ersilia Nigro,1 Olga Scudiero,1,2 Maria Ludovica Monaco,1 Alessia Palmieri,1 Gennaro Mazzarella,3 Ciro Costagliola,4 Andrea Bianco,5 and Aurora Daniele1,6 1 CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy 2 Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, UniversitadegliStudidiNapoliFedericoII,` Via De Amicis 95, 80131 Napoli, Italy 3 Dipartimento di Scienze Cardio-Toraciche e Respiratorie, Seconda Universita` degli Studi di Napoli, Via Bianchi 1, 80131 Napoli, Italy 4 Cattedra di Malattie dell’Apparato Visivo, Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute, UniversitadelMolise,` ViaDeSanctis1,86100Campobasso,Italy 5 Cattedra di Malattie dell’Apparato Respiratorio, Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute, UniversitadelMolise,` ViaDeSanctis1,86100Campobasso,Italy 6 Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Seconda UniversitadegliStudidiNapoli,` Via Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy Correspondence should be addressed to Aurora Daniele; [email protected] Received 2 April 2014; Accepted 12 June 2014; Published 7 July 2014 Academic Editor: Beverly Muhlhausler Copyright © 2014 Ersilia Nigro et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

  • Today's Topic

    May 7, 2021 Vol. 1, No. 8 Palliative Care Pharmacy Team: TODAY’S TOPIC: Antidepressant Adverse Drug Reactions: Focus on QT Prolongation Clinical Pharmacy Specialist: Background: Antidepressants have been used for many years to treat mental health conditions such as Maria Felton Lowry, depression and anxiety (not an all-inclusive list). Their mechanisms are somewhat unique to the PharmD, BCPS, BCGP class of antidepressant, for instance, tricyclic antidepressants are thought to delay the inward Assistant Professor sodium current into cardiomyocytes, slowing cardiac depolarization. In contrast, SSRIs directly block potassium channels and disrupt hERG protein expression, both reducing potassium ion flow. University of Pittsburgh Palliative care clinicians use these medications commonly in clinical practice for symptom School of Pharmacy, management and should be aware of their potential side effects. Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics Importance: Palliative Antidepressants can cause QTc prolongation. As stated in previous weeks, clinically significant QTc Care Clinical Pharmacy prolongation is an absolute QTc > 500 msec, QTc > 25% from baseline, or change of QTc > 60 Specialist msec.1 The degree of QTc prolongation is a modest predictor of the risk of Torsades de Pointes UPMC Palliative and (TdP) and sudden cardiac death.2 Still, it is important for palliative care clinicians be aware of this Supportive Institute risk of commonly prescribed medications in our practice. Cell: 412-627-8473 Known QTc prolongation risk factors: Office: 412-864-2899
  • Information to Users

    Information to Users

    INFORMATION TO USERS While the most advanced technology has heen used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript, the qualify of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the qualify of the material submitted. For example: • Manuscript pages may have indistinct print. In such cases, the best available copy has been filmed. • Manuscripts may not always be complete. In such cases, a note will indicate that it is not possible to obtain missing pages. • Copyrighted material may have been removed from the manuscript. In such cases, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sectioning the origined, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is also filmed as one exposure and is available, for an additional charge, as a standard 35mm slide or as a 17”x 23” black and white photographic print. Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive microfilm or microfiche but lack the clarify on xerographic copies made from the microfilm. For an additional charge, 35mm slides of 6”x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations that cannot he reproduced satisfactorily by xerography. 8703560 Houck, David Renwick STUDIES ON THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF THE MODIFIED-PEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC, NOSIHEPTIDE The Ohio State University Ph.D. 1986 University Microfilms I nternetionsi!300 N. Zeeb R oad, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 STUDIES ON THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF THE MODIFIED-PEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC, NOSIHEPTIDE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By David Renwick Houck, B.S., M.S.