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Stratigraphy of the Paleogene Chuska Sandstone, New Mexico-Arizona Spencer G New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/54 Stratigraphy of the Paleogene Chuska Sandstone, New Mexico-Arizona Spencer G. Lucas and Steven M. Cather, 2003, pp. 389-395 in: Geology of the Zuni Plateau, Lucas, Spencer G.; Semken, Steven C.; Berglof, William; Ulmer-Scholle, Dana; [eds.], New Mexico Geological Society 54th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 425 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 2003 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. Copyright Information Publications of the New Mexico Geological Society, printed and electronic, are protected by the copyright laws of the United States. No material from the NMGS website, or printed and electronic publications, may be reprinted or redistributed without NMGS permission. Contact us for permission to reprint portions of any of our publications. One printed copy of any materials from the NMGS website or our print and electronic publications may be made for individual use without our permission. Teachers and students may make unlimited copies for educational use. Any other use of these materials requires explicit permission. This page is intentionally left blank to maintain order of facing pages. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, 54th Field Conference, Geology of the Zuni Plateau, 2003, p. 389-395. 389 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PALEOGENE CHUSKA SANDSTONE, NEW MEXICO-ARIZONA SPENCER G. LUCAS1 AND STEVEN M. CATHER2 1New Mexico Museum of Natural History, 1801 Mountain Road NW, Albuquerque, NM 87104; 2New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801 ABSTRACT.—The Chuska Sandstone is a Paleogene, sandstone-dominated stratigraphic unit exposed along and around the crest of the Chuska Mountains in Arizona-New Mexico. The Chuska Sandstone consists of two members. The lower Deza Member is fl uviatile in origin, as much as 81 m thick, and consists of ripple-laminated, trough-crossbedded and massive arkosic sandstone with signifi cant interbeds of siltstone and claystone. The upper Narbona Pass Member, up to 535 m thick, is almost exclusively crossbedded arkosic sandstone of eolian origin. The only fossils known from the Chuska Sandstone are shell fragments of emydid turtles in the Deza Member that are indicative of perennial water, but, with an emydid stratigraphic range of Eocene-Recent, they are of little biostratigraphic signifi cance. Radioisotopic data indicate that deposition of the Chuska Sandstone began ~35 Ma (late Eocene) and ended in the early Oligocene. INTRODUCTION Dutton (1885) fi rst recognized the presence of a thick section of Cenozoic sandstones in the Chuska Mountains along the New Mexico-Arizona border (Fig. 1). He correlated them to early Eocene strata in the eastern San Juan Basin that Cope (1875) had described, and thus referred to the Cenozoic sandstones in the Chuska Mountains as the “Wasatch Sandstones.” Gregory (1917) advocated the same correlation, but he named the strata in the Chuska Mountains the Chuska Sandstone. Two articles by Wright (1954, 1956) presented new and extensive data on the Chuska Sandstone, but no systematic studies have been published since then. Here, we review and revise the stratigraphy and age of the Chuska Sandstone (Fig. 2). PREVIOUS STUDIES Simpson (1850) noted sandstone and trap rock at “Washington Pass” (now Narbona Pass) in the Chuska Mountains. Following Dutton’s (1885) observations, Darton (1910, p. 61, pl. 1) mapped the unit later named the Chuska Sandstone as “sands, sandstones, and conglomerates of early Tertiary age.” Gregory (1916, p. 80, pl. 2) fi rst used the name “Chuska sandstone” and mapped its distribution. Formal naming of the unit by Gregory (1917, p. 80) described the Chuska Sandstone as 213 m of sandstone above the “Tohachi shale” that forms “a resistant cover throughout the extent of the Chuska Mountains.” Gregory described the unit as mostly crossbedded sandstone that is “medium to fi ne grained and consists of well rounded bits of clean white quartz with lesser amounts of red and of black quartz, volcanic ash, and rare mus- covite.” He also stated that northeast of Tohatchi, “the base of FIGURE 1. Generalized geologic map of the Chuska Mountains show- the Chuska sandstone is a bed of gray conglomerate with pebbles ing distribution of the Chuska Sandstone (after Wright, 1954). of quartz, sandstone, and shale one sixty-fourth to one-half inch [0.05 to 1.3 cm] in diameter.” Gregory (1917, p. 81) also noted that no fossils were known from the Chuska Sandstone but that the Chuska Sandstone with the Pliocene Bidahochi Formation of “its position and lithology suggest correlation with the Wasatch Arizona. Allen (1953) also advocated this correlation, and stated formation of north-central New Mexico.” that the ~ 335 m thick Chuska Sandstone is separated by an angular Darton (1928, p. 56) described the Chuska Sandstone as 213 to unconformity from the underlying Cretaceous Tohatchi Formation. 274 m thick and stated there was “no basis for precise correlation” Allen and Balk (1954) mapped the distribution of the Chuska of the unit. Hack (1942, p. 350), however, tentatively correlated Sandstone on the Tohatchi quadrangle, describing it as ~ 335 m 390 LUCAS AND CATHER 600 m (Fig. 3). He stated that the Deza Formation has a gradational contact with the overlying Chuska Sandstone. Wright (1956) undertook the most extensive published study of the Chuska Sandstone. He documented a maximum thick- ness of 533 m, and stated that it is unfossiliferous, crossbedded 500 m throughout, lacks shale and conglomerate and contains several thin ash beds. Wright considered the Chuska Sandstone to be of Miocene (?) age based on physiographic considerations. In contrast, Repenning et al. (1958) still advocated a Plio- cene(?) correlation. They also stated that the contact of Wright’s Deza Formation with the overlying Chuska Sandstone “is grada- 400 m tional, [and] is very diffi cult to map” (Repenning et al., 1958, p. ONE 128). For that reason, they did not recognize the Deza Formation as a separate lithostratigraphic unit (Fig. 3). Blagbrough (1967) 25.8 Ma intrusive summarized earlier work on the Chuska Sandstone and endorsed the lithostratigraphic conclusions of Repenning et al. (1958). In a pioneering study of feldspar provenance, Trevena (1979) 300 m Narbona Pass and Trevena and Nash (1978, 1981) documented the presence of signifi cant volcanic feldspar in the Chuska Sandstone. Cather Member SANDST et al. (this guidebook) describe the genetic stratigraphy and provenance of the Chuska Sandstone, and present the fi rst direct radioisotopic dates from the unit. 200 m LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY Gregory (1917) named the Chuska Sandstone for Chuska Peak, CHUSKA but no explicit description of a type section has been published. Here, we divide the Chuska Sandstone into two members (Figs. 100 m 2-3). The lower, Deza Member is the unit that Wright (1954) originally designated the Deza Formation. The upper, Narbona Deza Pass Member, named here, is the Chuska Sandstone sensu Wright (1954, 1956) and is the bulk of the formation. Member Deza Member 0 Cretaceous Jurassic The Deza Formation of Wright (1954) is recognized by us Triassic as the Deza Member of the Chuska Sandstone. Wright (1954) coined the name Deza Formation for the lower 0–80 m of the FIGURE 2. Generalized stratigraphy of the Chuska Sandstone (modifi ed from Trevena, 1979). Chuska Sandstone of Gregory (1917). He named it for the Deza Bluffs (Fig. 1) and described a type section there as 74 m thick, of massive, crossbedded, silica-cemented sandstone that overlies, with angular unconformity, units that range from the Jurassic Gregory Repenning Summerville Formation to the Cretaceous Tohatchi Formation. Wright this paper They also correlated the Chuska with the Pliocene Bidahochi For- (1917) (1954) et al. (1958) mation, stating that strata similar to the Chuska crop out between Gallup and Zuni in New Mexico and near White Cone in Navajo County, Arizona. Repenning and Irwin (1954) were more explicit Chuska Narbona in their correlation, equating the Chuska Sandstone to the lower Chuska Sandstone Chuska Pass member of the Bidahochi Formation because of lithologic simi- Sandstone Sandstone Member larity, association with presumed contemporaneous volcanics and deposition on geomorphic surfaces of the same age. Deza Deza In naming the Deza Formation, Wright (1954) separated the Formation Chuska Sandstone Member lower ~ 74 m of the Chuska Sandstone from the formation, rec- ognizing it as a distinct lithostratigraphic unit characterized by FIGURE 3. Changing lithostratigraphic nomenclature of the Chuska “water laid” sandstone, claystone, siltstone and conglomerate Sandstone and its subdivisions. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PALEOGENE CHUSKA SANDSTONE, NEW MEXICO-ARIZONA 391 gradationally overlain by the Chuska Sandstone and resting bluffs and shoulders of hills formed by the overlying, sandstone- with angular unconformity on the underlying Upper Cretaceous dominated Narbona Pass Member.
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