Government of Nepal National Reconstruction Authority (NRA) District Level Project Implementation Unit (DLPIU) Grant Management and Local Infrastructure (GMaLI) Manthali, Ramechhap
Earthquake Housing Reconstruction Project (EHRP)
Environmental and Social Safeguard Training Completion Report of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) for Community People at Doramba Rural Muicipality-01, Dadhuwa, Ramechhap from 17-18 Asar, 2076
Prepared by: Submitted to: District Level Project Implementation Unit Central Level Project Implementation Unit GMaLI, Manthali, Ramechhap Jwagal, Lalitpur
ESMP Approval Date: 2076/03/13
July, 2019 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ...... 1
1.1 Background ...... 1
1.2 Training introduction ...... 1
1.3 Training background ...... 2
1.4 Location ...... 3
1.5 Target and program ...... 3
2. Objectives of training ...... 4
3. Relevancy of training identification/selection ...... 5
4. Criteria for participation identification/selection ...... 5
5. Training methodology ...... 6
6. Lesson learned and area of improvement ...... 6
7. Summary of participants view on training program ...... 6
8. Conclusion ...... 7
Annexes ...... I
Annex-I: Relevant supporting documents ...... I
Annex-II: List of participants/Program photos (during training) ...... II
Annex-III: Hands out distributed during training ...... IV
Annex-IV: Training program schedule...... XXVI
Annex-V: Detail budget of training and approval document ...... XXIX
i 1. Introduction
1.1 Background A magnitude of 7.6 earthquakes (on April 25th 2015) along with several aftershocks of shallow depth struck central Nepal causing widespread destruction. As of 3 June 2015, the reported casualties include: 8,702 deaths and 22,493 people injured. As the earthquake sequence destroyed 490,000 houses mostly traditional mud brick and mud stone built and occupied by the rural poor and rendered another 265,000 houses at least temporarily uninhabitable.
Natural disasters can disrupt and contaminate water supplies. During and after disaster water sources may be contaminated. For example spring water sources may be contaminated, the distribution pipeline may be cracked, and water may be contaminated from livestock waste, human sewage, chemicals, and other impurities. Ramechhap district is one of the 14 severally affected districts from the earthquake of 2015. So, restoration and improvement of the living condition of the victims of the earthquake by reconstructing the destroyed and damaged houses are going on. Due to reconstruction of earthquake damaged houses there are risks in Environment and social aspects.The project's, efforts are made to avoid and minimize environmental and social impacts and where impacts cannot be avoided, that these impacts are identified and that necessary mitigation measures are developed and implemented.
1.2 Training introduction Water is life, sanitation is way of life, and hygiene is best for life. So, WASH is the collective term for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene. Due to their interdependent nature, these three core issues are grouped together. For example, without toilets, water sources become contaminated; without clean water, basic hygiene practices are not possible. Similarly, they have important impacts on both health and disease.Water also contributes to health, for example through hygiene. Poor water quality continues to pose a major threat to human health.
Access to safe drinking water supply and sanitation services is fundamental to improving public Health. But, inadequate access to safe water supply, open defecation and absence of hygienic behavior, use of contaminated water and food and living in polluted environment with high prevalence of diarrhea, dysentery etc and enteric diseases are common phenomenon in rural developing community. Many people, in rural areas, are affected by water borne and water
1 related diseases due to use of unsafe water and poor hygiene practices and inadequate sanitation facilities. In Nepal around 80 % of all diseases may be attributed to water and sanitation related causes and account for around 13,000 child deaths each year from diarrhoeal diseases such as dysentery, jaundice, typhoid and cholera (National Urban Water Supply and Sanitation, 2008).
Inhouse sanitation, personal hyegiene and waste water management at HHs level are equally important part of sanitation improvement. Humans can be exposed to pathogens from poorly managed animal feces, particularly in communities where animals live in close proximity to humans. Exposure to animal feces has been associated with diarrhea, soil-transmitted helminth infection, trachoma, environmental enteric dysfunction, and growth faltering. The improvement in WASH strategy fulfils children’s rights to health, education and participation. The direct benefits of water and sanitation improvements are benefits of avoiding diarrhoeal disease and non-health benefits related to water and sanitation improvements whereas the indirect economic benefits related to health improvements.
Water scarcity, inferior water quality, inadequate sanitation and inappropriate hygiene behaviour are disastrous for infants and young children and are a major cause of mortality for children under five and negatively impacted to food security, livelihood choices and educational opportunities for poor families. So the Government of Nepal was targeted to provide basic level of water supply and sanitation services to all by 2017 acknowledging it as a fundamental human need and a basic human right, it has also envisaged a need to improve the basic level of water supply and sanitation services to medium and higher levels to all by 2027. Sustainable development Goals (2015-2030) on its 6th development goal ensured availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all by 2030. So implementing hygiene promotion activities in conjunction with water and sanitation service will lessen the prevalence of disease caused by unsafe water and poor sanitation, thereby assisting to achieve the Government of Nepal’s target to reduce the child morbidity and mortality rate and also support the overall development of individuals and society; and reduce poverty by improving human health.
1.3 Training background The Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) serves as a practical tool to ensure that environment and social aspects are duly considered
2 in the planning and implementation process of earthquake housing reconstruction project. It ensures the household level mitigations and good practices/opportunity for environmental enhancement. The earthquake affected indigenous and back warded communities are facing lack of proper sanitation and hygiene. At the household level there are minimum standards/requirements with which need to be complied. One of the minimum requirement is awareness of household sanitation and toilets (for example, pit latrine and their provision in the house design and plan) facilities. The ESMP identifies domains for building back better through the awareness of household sanitation and toilet use.
1.4 Location The location of training program is at Dadhuwa, Ward No. 01 of Doramba Rural Municipality of the Ramechhap district. According to Census, 2011 the population of Ward No. 01 of the rural municipality is 4730 of which 2162 are male and 2568 are female with total households (HHs) of 1016. The area is dominated by Tamang (36.09%), Thami (34.61%), Newar (12.05%), Magar (6.25%), Sherpa (3.17%) and Kami (1.84%) etc and is mostly Hindu by religion. Similarly as per NRA's vulnerable list, of the total housing reconstruction beneficiaries 44 HHs of this ward are under vulnerable by child headed (1 HH), disability (1 HH), single women (21 HHs) and old aged (21 HHs).
1.5 Target and program In the Doramba Rural Muicipality-01, Dadhuwa, Ramechhap the local people have limited access to year around adequate and safe drinking water facilities and they are practicing poor sanitation and hygiene. Of the total 1016 HHs in this ward, 8.27% HHs using uncovered well/Kuwa, 1.38% HHs using river/stream and 1.28% HHs used spout water as the main source of drinking water (CBS, 2011) which is very unsafe for drinking purpose. The communities have habitual health and hygiene practices, including defecation habits, infrequent hand washing, and limited knowledge, all of which serve to increase the incidence of diarrhoea. Washing hands before meals and after using the toilet was mentioned more often than washing vegetables and drinking boiled water. Of the total HHs, 52% HHs do not have toilet facility in their houses. Villagers traditionally use the forest as their toilet and children and animals defecate near or under the houses. Thus few, if any, villagers have a household latrine is also not safe and clean. Also, they are practicing unhygienic activities,
3 which in turn affect household and community health. Limited education and literacy further compound the problem as only 48.8% population are litrate (Male: 58.8% & Female: 40.5%). Of the population of aged 5 years & above, 42.8% of them can not read and write and 8.3% population can read only. Involving women in community participation and decision making is less. People are involved in livestok farming and there is a higher chance of exposured to pathogens from poorly managed animal feces transmitted via water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related pathways. Women and children are under the risk of chronic outbreak of diarroheal diseases which is very sensitive case because of poor personal health and hygiene practices along with lacking of portable drinking water facilities.So the program is targeted for the backwarded community peope of this ward. The 2 days training program was scheduled from (17-18) Ashar, 2076.The details about training program is presented in Annex-IV.
2. Objectives of training
The overall goal of the training was to provide the practical knowledge on WASH, encourage community participation in improvement of human health and environmental sanitation. The specific objectives are:
To trained peoples on purification of water; household sanitation; safe disposal of human excreta and toilet use; hand washing; water borne diseases and their transmission; impacts on human health and economic losses due to diseases associated with WASH; safe hygienic practiceses to improve people's health and living standards. To provide comprehensive knowledge and conduct interaction and exercise on WASH and why it matters; direct and indirect benefits of improvement on WASH; personal, households and food hygienic behavabiours; open defication and it's impacts and adoption of preventive measures for the betterment of health and environmental sanitation. To sensitized local people on importance of households sanitation; collection, segregation and management (3R's principle) of household waste; composting and management of livestocks yard and safe handeling of their feces.
4 To train on WASH with special emphasis on water management and bring positive and sustainable changes in behavior regarding water, sanitation and hygiene activities.
3. Relevancy of training identification/selection
Leaving no one with access to sanitation and safe drinking water and giving rise to health concerns is the immediate need. Every community requires appropriate WASH initiatives that keep the community clean and free of smells and inhibit the transmission of harmful bacteria, viruses and parasites. The physical environment and cleanliness of a community facility can significantly affect the health and well-being of peoples. Disease spreads quickly where hand-washing facilities or practices of not using soap, and where toilets are in disrepair. Too often, communities are places where children become ill.
Humans can be exposed to pathogens from poorly managed animal feces, particularly in communities where animals live in close proximity to humans. Exposure to animal feces has been associated with diarrhea, soil-transmitted helminth infection, trachoma, environmental enteric dysfunction, and growth faltering. Access to safe water, adequate sanitation, and proper hygiene education to the community can encourages the development of healthy behaviours for life and reduce illness and death from disease, leading to improve health, poverty reduction and socio-economic development. So, training and awareness program on Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) regarding purification of water, household sanitation and toilet use, hand washing, water borne diseases and safe hygienic activities to the indigenous and back warded community people is important.
4. Criteria for participation identification/selection
The participants were selected considering the following criteria:
• People from earthquake affected benificeries. • People from dalit, single women, indigeneous and marginalized and low income family. • At least 50% female. • People from different Toles of village and representing different geographical location.
5 • People having willingness to work in personal, households and environmental health, sanitation and hygiene after completion of training.
Based on the above selection criteria 25 participants were selected for the training.
5. Training methodology
The training was scheduled both for theoritical and practical sessions. The key activities of training are:
Powerpoint presentation & explanations Photographs and posters presentation Short video Presentation WASH related arts and cartoons presentation Practical session/Demonstration (eg. Hand Washing) Group discussion/ Group (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) work
The detail about the methodology and program schedule of 2 days WASH training is presented in Annex IV.
6. Lesson learned and area of improvement
This type of training is very useful to provide the practical knowledge on WASH, encourage community participation in improvement of human health and environmental sanitation. The duration of training was only 2 days so the duration of training should be increased to give more practical knowledge to the community peoples. Also a program to monitor on behavabiours changes to the people after training should be conducted.
7. Summary of participants view on training program
According to the participants of the 2 days training they were made aware on the following and committed to: Maintain good health through improved sanitation and use of safe drinking water and better sanitation practice. Change the habits of open defecation, urination and adopt safe hygienic and sanitation practices higenic behaviors sustainably in their daily life. Adopt alternative behavior that is better, easier, more hygienic and preferable for the community.
6 Use safe and clean toilets in their households, used soap in hand washing at critical times and keeps water filters and/or start to use boiled water or using water disinfectants and practice hygiene-related tasks and taking care of the sick etc. Starts reduce, reuse and recycle of households waste and will start to use compost manure and livestocks feces to their home garden safely.
8. Conclusion
WASH education to community not only promotes hygiene and increases access to quality education but also improve the health of their families by reducing the incidence of water and sanitation related diseases and supports community to establish equitable, sustainable access to safe water and basic sanitation services. This type of awareness programs/projects on water, hygiene and sanitation in the rural area would be better for collaboration for synergy and building better. The training to earthquake affected community people is expected for better sanitation practices and for good health and better environment.
7 Annexes
Annex-I: Relevant supporting documents
I Annex-II: List of participants/Program photos (during training)
Participants List:
II Photographs during training:
Photo (a):Participants of training Photo (b):Participants during discussion
Photo (c):Participants during theroitcal Photo (d): Group photo after completion of session o training training
III Annex-III: Hands out distributed during training
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
XV
XVI
XVII
XVIII
XIX
XX
XXI
XXII
XXIII
XXIV
XXV Annex-IV: Training program schedule
S. Topic Methodology Responsibility Time Remarks N
Day 1: Training Details
Registration (9:00-9:30) Lunch a.m
1 Formal Opening of Opening training Remarks from All (9:30- Coordination and Ward Chairman 10:00) a.m facilitation/DLPIU -GMaLI 2 Introduction and Self Participants (10:00- Coordination and objectives of Introduction and 10:15) a.m facilitation/DLPIU training; Collection Explanation organizer -GMaLI of expectation from participants 3 WASH and Nexus Powerpoint Internal (10:15 a.m Introduction; between Water, presentation resource -12:15 Discussion and Sanitation and Meta Card and persons*, P.m) Group presentation Hygiene Group (Water, External on WASH; direct Sanitation and resource and indirect Hygiene) person** benefits; why it Work matters Personal, households Powerpoint Hygienic and food hygiene; presentation behavabiours; 4 Household Explanation ,, (12:15 - impacts of open sanitation; Open Short video 2:15) P.m defication & Toilet defecation, Safe Presentation use disposal of human excreta and toilet use
Break (2:15 - Tea Break 2:45) P.m
5 Unsafe drinking Photographs External Water borne water and Water and posters resource diseases; Different borne diseases; Power point person (2:45 - menthods of water Water purification presentation 4:45) P.m purification Practical session/Demo nstration 6 Revision of Today's Oral All (4:45 - Revision and Sessions & Closing Presentation Participatant 5:00) P.m Feedback s collection
XXVI Day 2: Training Details
Registration (9:00-9:30) Lunch a.m
Hand washing; Photographs External (9:30- Steps of hand Environmental and and posters resource 11:30) a.m washing; best 1 Total sanitation; Power point person hygienic practices, Menstruation presentation menstruation Hygiene Practical hygiene Management; Safe session/Demo Management; hygienic practices to nstration indicators of total improve people's sanitation health and living standards Households Photographs Internal Importance of sanitation; and posters resource household Collection, Power point persosns (11:30 a.m- sanitation; 3R's segregation and presentation and External 1:30 p.m) principle of waste 2 management of Practical resource management;E- household waste session/Demo person waste; techniques (Solid & Liquid); nstration of composting and Composting and kitchen gardening management of livestocks yard and safe handeling of their feces
Investment in Group Internal (1:30 a.m- Economic losses Sanitation; discussion resource 2:30 p.m) due to diseases; Economic losses due Power point persosn and Behavior change to diseases presentation External for safety hygiene 3 associated with Explanation resource practices; rain water, sanitation and person water harvesting; hygiene; Water nd Key Challenges resource protection on WASH and water harvesting; Behavior change to adopt water, sanitation and hygiene activities safely
Break (2:30 - Tea Break 3:00) p.m
XXVII 4 WASH related Arts Arts and Internal Arts and Cartoons and Cartoons Cartoons resource Presentation on Presentation Presentation persosn and (3:00 - different aspects of Discussion External 4:00) p.m WASH Explanation resource person
Closing Session: Closing Remarks by Ward Chairma; (4:00 - Coordination and External Resource Person and Representative from Trainees 5:00) p.m facilitation/DLPIU -GMaLI
Note: *: Internal resource persons-Environmental Specialist and Social Development Specialist **: External resource person-WASH Expert
XXVII
Annex-V: Detail budget of training and approval document
XXIX