Government of Nepal National Reconstruction Authority (NRA) District Level Project Implementation Unit (DLPIU) Grant Management and Local Infrastructure (GMaLI) Manthali, Ramechhap Earthquake Housing Reconstruction Project (EHRP) Environmental and Social Safeguard Training Completion Report of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) for Community People at Doramba Rural Muicipality-01, Dadhuwa, Ramechhap from 17-18 Asar, 2076 Prepared by: Submitted to: District Level Project Implementation Unit Central Level Project Implementation Unit GMaLI, Manthali, Ramechhap Jwagal, Lalitpur ESMP Approval Date: 2076/03/13 July, 2019 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Training introduction ................................................................................ 1 1.3 Training background ................................................................................. 2 1.4 Location .................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Target and program ................................................................................... 3 2. Objectives of training ..................................................................................... 4 3. Relevancy of training identification/selection ................................................ 5 4. Criteria for participation identification/selection ............................................ 5 5. Training methodology .................................................................................... 6 6. Lesson learned and area of improvement ....................................................... 6 7. Summary of participants view on training program ........................................ 6 8. Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 7 Annexes ..............................................................................................................I Annex-I: Relevant supporting documents ........................................................I Annex-II: List of participants/Program photos (during training) .................... II Annex-III: Hands out distributed during training .......................................... IV Annex-IV: Training program schedule.................................................... XXVI Annex-V: Detail budget of training and approval document ................... XXIX i 1. Introduction 1.1 Background A magnitude of 7.6 earthquakes (on April 25th 2015) along with several aftershocks of shallow depth struck central Nepal causing widespread destruction. As of 3 June 2015, the reported casualties include: 8,702 deaths and 22,493 people injured. As the earthquake sequence destroyed 490,000 houses mostly traditional mud brick and mud stone built and occupied by the rural poor and rendered another 265,000 houses at least temporarily uninhabitable. Natural disasters can disrupt and contaminate water supplies. During and after disaster water sources may be contaminated. For example spring water sources may be contaminated, the distribution pipeline may be cracked, and water may be contaminated from livestock waste, human sewage, chemicals, and other impurities. Ramechhap district is one of the 14 severally affected districts from the earthquake of 2015. So, restoration and improvement of the living condition of the victims of the earthquake by reconstructing the destroyed and damaged houses are going on. Due to reconstruction of earthquake damaged houses there are risks in Environment and social aspects.The project's, efforts are made to avoid and minimize environmental and social impacts and where impacts cannot be avoided, that these impacts are identified and that necessary mitigation measures are developed and implemented. 1.2 Training introduction Water is life, sanitation is way of life, and hygiene is best for life. So, WASH is the collective term for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene. Due to their interdependent nature, these three core issues are grouped together. For example, without toilets, water sources become contaminated; without clean water, basic hygiene practices are not possible. Similarly, they have important impacts on both health and disease.Water also contributes to health, for example through hygiene. Poor water quality continues to pose a major threat to human health. Access to safe drinking water supply and sanitation services is fundamental to improving public Health. But, inadequate access to safe water supply, open defecation and absence of hygienic behavior, use of contaminated water and food and living in polluted environment with high prevalence of diarrhea, dysentery etc and enteric diseases are common phenomenon in rural developing community. Many people, in rural areas, are affected by water borne and water 1 related diseases due to use of unsafe water and poor hygiene practices and inadequate sanitation facilities. In Nepal around 80 % of all diseases may be attributed to water and sanitation related causes and account for around 13,000 child deaths each year from diarrhoeal diseases such as dysentery, jaundice, typhoid and cholera (National Urban Water Supply and Sanitation, 2008). Inhouse sanitation, personal hyegiene and waste water management at HHs level are equally important part of sanitation improvement. Humans can be exposed to pathogens from poorly managed animal feces, particularly in communities where animals live in close proximity to humans. Exposure to animal feces has been associated with diarrhea, soil-transmitted helminth infection, trachoma, environmental enteric dysfunction, and growth faltering. The improvement in WASH strategy fulfils children’s rights to health, education and participation. The direct benefits of water and sanitation improvements are benefits of avoiding diarrhoeal disease and non-health benefits related to water and sanitation improvements whereas the indirect economic benefits related to health improvements. Water scarcity, inferior water quality, inadequate sanitation and inappropriate hygiene behaviour are disastrous for infants and young children and are a major cause of mortality for children under five and negatively impacted to food security, livelihood choices and educational opportunities for poor families. So the Government of Nepal was targeted to provide basic level of water supply and sanitation services to all by 2017 acknowledging it as a fundamental human need and a basic human right, it has also envisaged a need to improve the basic level of water supply and sanitation services to medium and higher levels to all by 2027. Sustainable development Goals (2015-2030) on its 6th development goal ensured availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all by 2030. So implementing hygiene promotion activities in conjunction with water and sanitation service will lessen the prevalence of disease caused by unsafe water and poor sanitation, thereby assisting to achieve the Government of Nepal’s target to reduce the child morbidity and mortality rate and also support the overall development of individuals and society; and reduce poverty by improving human health. 1.3 Training background The Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) serves as a practical tool to ensure that environment and social aspects are duly considered 2 in the planning and implementation process of earthquake housing reconstruction project. It ensures the household level mitigations and good practices/opportunity for environmental enhancement. The earthquake affected indigenous and back warded communities are facing lack of proper sanitation and hygiene. At the household level there are minimum standards/requirements with which need to be complied. One of the minimum requirement is awareness of household sanitation and toilets (for example, pit latrine and their provision in the house design and plan) facilities. The ESMP identifies domains for building back better through the awareness of household sanitation and toilet use. 1.4 Location The location of training program is at Dadhuwa, Ward No. 01 of Doramba Rural Municipality of the Ramechhap district. According to Census, 2011 the population of Ward No. 01 of the rural municipality is 4730 of which 2162 are male and 2568 are female with total households (HHs) of 1016. The area is dominated by Tamang (36.09%), Thami (34.61%), Newar (12.05%), Magar (6.25%), Sherpa (3.17%) and Kami (1.84%) etc and is mostly Hindu by religion. Similarly as per NRA's vulnerable list, of the total housing reconstruction beneficiaries 44 HHs of this ward are under vulnerable by child headed (1 HH), disability (1 HH), single women (21 HHs) and old aged (21 HHs). 1.5 Target and program In the Doramba Rural Muicipality-01, Dadhuwa, Ramechhap the local people have limited access to year around adequate and safe drinking water facilities and they are practicing poor sanitation and hygiene. Of the total 1016 HHs in this ward, 8.27% HHs using uncovered well/Kuwa, 1.38% HHs using river/stream and 1.28% HHs used spout water as the main source of drinking water (CBS, 2011) which is very unsafe for drinking purpose. The communities have habitual health and hygiene practices, including defecation habits, infrequent hand washing, and limited knowledge, all of which serve to increase the incidence of diarrhoea. Washing