Initial Environmental Examination
June 2017
NEP: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Prepared by District Coordination Committee (Ramechhap)- Central Level Project Implementation Unit – Ministry of Federals Affairs and Local Development for the Asian Development Bank.
This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
Environmental Assessment Document
Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
Devitar - Phulasipokhari Section of Devitar - Doramba - Paseban - Kolibagar Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project
June 2017
NEP: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project Loan: 3260 Project Number: 49215-001
Prepared by the Government of Nepal for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Thismembers, Report Board isof Directors, a document Management, of the or staff, borrower. and may The be preliminary views expressed in nature. herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
Initial Environmental Examination of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Section of Devitar-Doramba- Paseban-Kolibagar Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-project, Ramechhap District
Submitted to Government of Nepal National Reconstruction Authority Singhadurbar, Kathmandu
Submitted through Government of Nepal Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project Central Level Project Implementation Unit, Lalitpur
Submitted by District Coordination Committee, Ramechhap
June, 2017 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Executive Summary (In Nepali) != k[i7e"ld @)&@ ;fn a}zfv !@ ug] uPsf] ljWj+;sf/L e"sDk / ;f]xL jif{ a}zfv @( uPsf] d'Vo k/fsDksf sf/0f Ifltu|:t :yfgLo ;+/rgfx?sf] k'g:yf{kgf tyf k'glg{df{0f u/L :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k'gp{Tyfg ug{ Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] ;xof]udf tyf :jL; ljsf; lgof]usf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf k|efljt !@ lhNnfdf e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf nfu' ul/Psf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfsf] dfWodåf/f Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+sn] dxTjk"0f{ ;8s ;+hfnsf] k'glg{df{0f ug{, xhf/f}+ afnaflnsfnfO{ k'gM ljBfno k'¥ofpg, k|efljt ;d'bfonfO{ cTofjZos ;sf/L ;]jf pknAw u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{5 . o; cfof]hgfn] e"sDk tyf klx/f]åf/f Ifltu|:t sl/a !#% ls=ld= /0fg}lts ;8s tyf $%) ls=ld= u|fld0f ;8ssf] k'glg{df{0f ug]{5 . o; cfof]hgfsf] sfo{sf/L lgsfo /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f /x]sf] 5 . u|fld0f ;8ssf] xsdf o; cfof]hgfsf] cfwf/e"t ;fem]bf/sf ?kdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no, ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno /x]sf 5g\ . b]lj6f/—bf]/Daf—kf;]jg—sf]lnau/ u|fld0f ;8ssf] b]lj6f/—km'nfl;kf]v/L v08 -!^=!$) ls=ld=_ k'g:yf{kgf tyf k'glg{df{0f pkcfof]hgf sf] e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf cGtu{ts} Pp6f pkcfof]hgf xf] . o; pkcfof]hgfsf] lhNnf:t/Lo sfo{sfl/0fL lgsfosf] ?kdf tTsflng /fd]5fk lh=lj=;= -xfn /fd]5fk lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt_ /x]sf] 5 . pkcfof]hgf ;~rfngsf qmddf kg{;Sg] ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds jftfj/0fLo Pj+ ;fdflhs k|efjnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf] nflu of] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f (IEE) k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . k|:tfljt b]lj6f/—km'nfl;kf]v/L ;8s v08 k'g:yf{kgf tyf k'glg{df{0f pkcfof]hgf sfof{Gjogn] @)&@ ;fn a}zfv !@ ut] uPsf] ljWj+;sf/L e"sDk / ;f]xL jif{ a}zfv @( uPsf] d'Vo k/fsDksf sf/0f pNn]Vo ?kdf Ifltu|:t o; ;8s v08nfO{ k'gM ;+rfngdf NofO{ of] ;8s /x]sf] /fd]5fk lhNnfsf] dGynL gu/kflnsf j8f !# / !$ -;fljs km'nf;L uf=lj=;=_ tyf ToxfFsf % d'Vo jl:tx? nufot o;sf klZrd tkm{sf cGo jl:tx?nfO{ ;d]t lhNnf ;b/d'sfd dGynL tyf b]zsf cGo If]q;Fu ;8s ;+hfn dfkm{t hf]8\g]5 .
@= k|:tfjs e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf (EEAP) cGtu{t b]lj6f/—bf]/Daf— kf;]jg—sf]lnau/ u|fld0f ;8ssf] b]lj6f/—km'nfl;kf]v/L v08 -!^=!$) ls=ld=_ k'g:yf{kgf tyf k'glg{df{0f pkcfof]hgfsf] lhNnf:t/Lo sfo{sf/L lgsfo Pj+ k|f/lDes jftfj/0f kl/If0fsf] nflu k|:tfjssf] ?kdf tTsflng lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt -xfn lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt_ sf] sfof{no /fd]5fk /x]sf] 5 . k|:tfjssf] k'/f 7]ufgf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfof{no /fd]5fk dGynL, /fd]5fk ;Dks{ kmf]g M )$*—%$)#$&, %$)!!$ km\ofS; M )$*—%$))@(
#= k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf] cf}lrTo tyf p2]Zo e'sDkaf6 k|efljt ;+/rgfsf] k'glg{df0f{ ;DaGwL] P]g, @)&@, e'sDkaf6 k|efljt ;+/rgfsf] k'glg{df0f ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&@ tyf e"sDk k|efljt ;+/rgfsf] k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu jftfj/0fLo k|efj d'Nof+sg
i IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
;DaGwL sfo{ljlw @)&@ / klxnf] ;+;f]wg @)&# -cg';'rL !_ Pj+ Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] ;'/If0f gLlt syg -;]kmuf8{ kf]nL;L :6]6d]G6_ @))( cg';f/ jftfj/0fLo k|efjsf] Jojxf/Ls tyf 7fFp laif]z Go"lgs/0f tyf nfea[[¢Lsf pkfox? ;'emfj ug{ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f cWoog sfo{ cfjZos b]lvG5 . k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg cWoogsf] d'Vo p2]Zo pkcfof]hgf If]qsf] ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0fdf kg]{ k|efjx? kQf nufpg'sf ;fy} jftfj/0fdf kg]{ gsf/fTds k|efjsf] Go"lgs/0fsf pkfox? / ;sf/fTds k|efj a9fpg] pkfox? af/] ;'emfj lbg' / jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg of]hgf agfO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg' /x]sf] 5 .
$= k|:tfjsf] ljj/0f tyf cWoog ljlw k|:tfljt pkcfof]hgf /fd]5fk lhNnfsf] dGynL g=kf=sf j8f !# / !$ -;fljs km'nf;L uf=lj=;=_ af6 k|j]z ub{5 . ;fljs lh=lj=;= /fd]5fkn] o; ;8ssf] b]lj6f/, ;+v]j];L b]vL km'nf;Lkf]v/L;Dd !^=!$) (CH 0+000 to 16+140) ls=ld= v08nfO{ e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf cGtu{t k'glg{ld{0fsf] k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 . o; ;8snfO{ k|yd :t/sf] lhNnf ;8ssf] dfkb08df u|fe]n :t/df k'glg{df{0f ul/g] 5 . gfnL / ;f]Nh/ ;lxt o;sf] s'n rf}8fO{ ^=@% ld= x'g]5 . o; pkcfof]hgfsf] OlGhlgol/ª nfut d'=c=s= ;lxt g]=?=#)),!)%,(^*=(^ /x]sf] 5 . of] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f k|ltj]bg g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfg"gL cfj:ostf k'/f ug{ cfjZos ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx?sf] k"j{cWoog tyf :ynut cWoog / ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ;lrj:t/Lo lg0f{oåf/f @)&@.!@.!) ut] :jLs[t sfo{;'rLsf] clwgdf /lx tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
%= pkcfof]hgfsf] ljBdfg jftfj/0fLo cj:yf pkcfof]hgf dWo kfxf8L ef}uf]lns If]qdf /x]sf] 5 . o; If]qdf le/fnf 8fF8f tyf pkTosf ;lxtsf] lj;d\ e'uf]n /x]sf] 5 . ef}ule{s b[li6sf]0fn] of] If]qdf dWo kfxf8L If]qsf] dWo / pRr sf]6Lsf] kl/jlt{t - d]6fdlkm{s r§fg_, d'Vo?kdf lkmnfO6, PlDkmaf]nfO{6, d]6f:ofG8:6f]g / l;:6 kfOG5 . ef}uf]lns prfO{sf] leGgtfsf sf/0f o; pkcfof]hgf If]qdf pi0f, pkf]i0f / Gofg] ;dlztf]i0f xfjfkfgL kfOG5 . lhNnf kfZj{lrqdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ o; If]qsf] tfkqmd udL{df #) l8=;]=;Dd k'ug] / lxpFbdf % l8=;]= ;Dd emg]{ u/]sf] 5 / oxfF jflif{s ;/b/ !&)) ld=ld= jiff{ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . k|:tfljt ;8sdf !) eGbf j9L ;fgf v]flN;x? /x]sf 5g\ 7"nf vf]nf o; v08df kb}{gg\ . k|:tfljt ;8s 5]psf] e"pkof]udf jgIf]q, s[lif, cfjf; tyf ahf/ If]q /x]sf 5g\ . of] pkcfof]hgf v]taf/L, cfjf; If]q, jg tyf v'Nnf If]qaf6 k|j]z ub{5 h;dWo] )±@*) b]lv )±()), !±%)) b]lv @±@*) tyf $±$)) b]lv ^±%)), ^±)$) b]lv &±(%) ;Dd qmdzM >L z]/fb]jL / ;]ltb]jL ;fpg]kfgL ;f=a=p=;= / !#±!*) b]lv !#±%)) / !#±($) b]lv !%±#%) v08 >L x/L l;l4 wfld{s u'7L jg p=;= åf/f Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] 5 . o; ;8ssf] ;'?jflt v08df ;fn / af]6 wo/f] h:tf ?vx? kfOG5g\ eg] cGo If]qdf lrnfpg], ;NNff, plQ; cflb kfOG5 . ;8s lsgf/df e]l6Psf jg:kltx?df eg] ;fn, c:gf, af]6 wo/f], hfd'gf, lug]/L, ufof], ;Nnf, plQ;, lrnfpg], r'n]qf], 96]nf], s6';, vGo', enfof], lv/f]{, 6'gL, 6fFsL, nfFs'/L cflb /x]sf 5g\ . o; If]qsf h+un tyf h+un 5]psf v]tdf nf]k'Gd'v hgfj/x?n] ljr/0f ug]{ u/]sf] :yfgLo 5nkmnaf6 a'lemPsf] 5 . k|:tfljt ;8s /fd]5fk lhNnfsf] dGyln g=kf=sf !# / !$ j8f -;fljs km'nf;L uf=lj=;=_ af6 k|j]z ub{5 . o; ;8s cGtu{t ;+v]j];L, cf?af]6], lrGg], x/]{, km'nf;Lkf]v/L h:tf % j6f k|d'Vf jl:tx? kb{5g\ . k|efljt If]qdf #*% 3/w'/Lddf &*@ k'?if / (@) dlxnf u/L hDdf !&)@ hg;+Vofsf] a;f]af; /x]sf] 5
ii IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
. o; If]qdf If]qL hftLsf dflg;sf] afx'Notf /x]sf] 5 eg] cGo k|d'v hfltdf tfdfª / blnt /x]sf 5g\ . cfof]hgf If]qsf] ;fIf/tf b/ &@ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgf If]qsf w]/}h;f] AolQmx? kmnkm'n -h'gf/_ v]lt nufot s[lif / kz'kfng k]zfdf ;+nUg 5g\ . cGo d'Vo k]zfdf ;fgf Aofkf/ / j}b]lzs /f]huf/ dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . ;8s If]qdf Pp6f pk:jf:Yo rf}sLn] :jf:Yo ;]jf k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 . vfg]kfgLsf] nflu &@ k|ltzt 3/w'/Ln] kfOkåf/f ljtl/t kfgLsf] k|of]u ub{5g\ . k|efljt If]qsf ;a} 3/w'/Ldf dfq ljB't ;]jf k'u]sf] 5 . oxfFsf] k|d'v :yfgLo ahf/ kf]v/L8fF8f xf] eg] d'Vo ahf/ eg] ldlNt, dGynL / rl/sf]6df /x]sf] 5 .
^= jftfj/0fLo k|efjx? ^=! ;sf/fTds k|efjx? pkcfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf qmddf tTsfn b]lvPsf ;sf/fTds k|efjx?df o;n] !&(,$() JoQmLlbg a/fj/sf] c:yfoL /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ ;[hgf ug]{ 5 . o;}u/L cfof]hgf ;~rfng kl5 x'g] ;sf/fTds k|efjx?df /fd]5fk lhNnfsf] dGynL g=kf=sf j8f !# / !$ -;fljs km'nf;L uf=lj=;=_ tyf o; lhNnfsf u|fld0f klZrdL e]usf hgtfnfO{ aif}e/L oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf tyf kx'Fr, :yfgLo s[lif pkhdf cfwfl/t s[lif pBf]usf] k|j4{g tyf cfly{s ljsf; /x]sf 5g\ . ;+rfngdf cfPkl5 o; pkcfof]hn] k|efljt If]qsf hgtfx?nfO{ ;fdflhs ;]jf h:t}M :jf:Yo, lzIff, ahf/ tyf cGo ;'lawfdf ;xh / b|"t kxF'r k|bfg ug{]5 . o; ;8ssf] k'g:yf{kgf tyf k'glg{df{0f kl5 o; If]qdf b}lgs pkEff]Uo a:t'x?, vfB tyf cGo a:t'x?sf] cfk'lt{ ;xh x'g]5 eg] o; If]qsf] s[lif pkh ljif]z ul/ h'gf/ cflbn] klg ;xh ahf/ k|fKt ug]{5 h;n] ubf{ hLjg:t/ a[l4 x'g]5 / e"sDk k|efljt hgtfsnfO{ ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s k'g:yf{kgfdf d2t k'Ug]5 .
^=@ gsf/fTds k|efjx? pkcfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf qmddf jftfj/0fsf] ;fdflhs cjojdf b]lvg;Sg] k|d'v gsf/fTds k|efjx?df pknAw ;]jf ;'ljwfdf bjfj, :yfgLo / cfuGt's sfdbf/x? lar åGb l;h{gf, k]zfut :jf:Yo tyf ;'/Iffdf k|efj, cflb d'Vo ;/f]sf/sf /x]sf 5g . ;8s lj:tf/ tyf gfln lgdf{0f ubf{ ljleGg lsQf tyf hUufwlgdf ljeflht )=(% x] lghL hUuf k|fKt ug'{kg]{ / @±!$), *±$%), *±%*%, *±&#), !!+±@@), !!+±#%), !@+±)&), !@±**), !%+±$%) / !%+±^$) df !–! j6f u/L !) j6f lghL ;+/rgfdf Iflt k'Ug] b]lvG5 . cGo c;/x?df sfo{ / Hofnf ljt/0fdf n}+lus lje]b, hf]lvdk"0f{ sfo{df gfjfnsfx?sf] k|of]u, c:j:y cfjf;sf sf/0f km}lng] /f]u, zf/Ll/s ;Dks{sf sf/0f ;g]{ of}g /f]u tyf cGo ;?jf /f]ux? x'g;Sg] b]lvG5g\ . ;fy} cfof]hgf ;+rfng kZrft pknAw ;'ljwfsf sf/0f ;8s lsgf/df cJojl:yt j;f]jf; a9\g uO{ ;8s If]q cltqmd0f x'g] ;Defjgf klg /xG5 . ;8s lgdf{0f k|s[ofdf k|of]u x'g] pks/0f, ;jf/L;fwg Pj+ /;folgs tTjx?sf] sf/0f Wjlg, xfjf / kfgL k|b'lift x'g ;S5 . kmf]xf]/sf] plrt Joj:yfkg gePdf hn tyf hldgsf] k|b'if0fn] cGo gsf/fTds k|efj lgDTofpg] ;Defjgf /xG5 . lgdf{0f ;fdlu|x?sf] ;d'lrt e08f/0f tyf ;+rfng gubf{ r'xfj6sf sf/0f ;txL tyf e'ldut hn k|b'lift x'g;Sb5 . h}ljs jftfj/0fdf kg]{ k|efjsf] ;Gbe{df rf]/Llzsf/Lsf sf/0f jGohGt'df kg]{ k|efjnfO{ dxTjk"0f{ dfGg ;lsG5 . lgdf{0fsf nflu If]q ;kmfO{sf qmddf ;8ssf] b'j} tkm{ s]xL jg:kltx? x6fpg' kg]{ b]lvG5 . ;8s lj:tf/sf qmddf )±@*) b]lv )±()), !±%)) b]lv @±@*) tyf $±$)) b]lv ^±%)), ^±)$) b]lv &±(%) ;Dd qmdzM >L z]/fb]jL / ;]ltb]jL ;fpg]kfgL ;f=a=sf] hDdf &) j6f ;fn, lrnfpg], lv/f]{, plQ; / ;Nnfsf ?vx? sf6\g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . To:t} !#±!*) b]lv !#±%)), !#±($) b]lv !%±#%) v08df kg]{ >L x/Ll;l4 wfld{s u'7L jgaf6 #( j6f plQ;, ;Nnf / 8fn]3fF;sf ?vx? sf6\g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . To;}u/L ;8sf] ljleGg v08df ;8s 5]pdf kg]{ lghL hUufdf /x]sf ljleGg k|hfltsf @(& ?vx? / !@) j6f afF; sf6\g'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
iii IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
&= Go"lgs/0fsf pkfox? cfof]hgfsf] gsf/fTds c;/x? Go"lgs/0f ug{sf nflu ljleGg Jojxfl/s tyf ldtJooL pkfox? ;'emfj ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf k|:tfjsn] cfof]hgf lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfngsf] cjlwdf o:tf pkfox? cjnDag ug]{ 5g\ . cfof]hgf lgdf{0f cjlwsf] qmddf k|:tfjsn] lgdf{0f Joj;foL dfkm{t Go'gLs/0fsf pkfox? nfu" ug]{]5 . cjnDag ul/g] s]xL k|d'v pkfox? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ . cled'lvs/0f tyf Ifdtf ljsf; tflnd dfkm{t dxLnf tyf ljkGg au{sf] ;;lQms/0f ul/g]5 . lghL hUuf, lghL ;+/rgf / lghL ?vla?jf nufotsf lghL ;DklQsf] clwu|x0f ubf{ Ifltk'lt{ lbOg]5 . l;+rfO{sf s'nf]x?sf] xsdf ;se/ ltgsf] ;+/If0f jf Iflt k'u]df lgdf{0f kZrft k'g:yf{kgf ul/g]5 . :yfgLo ;]jf ;'ljwfdf bjfj sd ug{ 7]s]bf/n] b}lgs pkef]Uo cfjZostf h:t} vfg] kfgL, ;+rf/, tyf vfgf ksfpg] OGwg, cflbsf] Joj:yf SofDkleq} ug]{ 5 . lgdf{0f ultljlwsf sf/0f s'g} ef}lts ;+/rgfdf Iflt x'g uPdf To;sf] k'glg{df{0f jf k'g:yf{kgf ul/g] 5 . k]zfut :jf:Yo / ;'/Iffsf] ;/f]sf/sf nflu cfjZos tof/L ul/g] 5 . sfdbf/x?nfO{ x]Nd]6, kGhf, a'6, ;'/IffTds k]6L, r:df, df:s cflb k|bfg ul/g] 5 . lgdf{0f / e08f/0f:yndf cgflws[t k|j]z / ultljlw /f]Sg vt/fsf ;+s]tx?, 5]saf/ Pj+ kfn]sf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 . SofDk tyf lgdf{0f If]qaf6 %) ld k/ c:yfO{ rkL{sf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 / ltgnfO{ kfgLsf] ;|f]taf6 %) ld k/ /flvg] 5 . pTvgg\af6 lg:s]sf] df6f]nfO{ lgwf{l/t :yfgdf 6f] jfn, l/6]lgË jfn, j[Iff/f]k0f / cfjZostf cg';f/ gfnLx? lgdf{0f u/L ;xL tl/sfn] Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 . ljBdfg / ;Defljt klx/f]nfO{ pko'Qm h}ljs k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L lgoGq0f tyf /f]syfd ul/g]5 . cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf] qmddf lg:sg] 3/]n' tyf lgdf{0fhGo kmf]xf]/d}nfnfO{ gbLIf]q af6 k/ pko'Qm :yfgdf / efF8f]df ;+sng ul/g] 5 / ltgsf] k|sf/ cg'?k Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 . lgdf{0f ultljlwdf k|of]u x'g] t]n tyf cGo /;folgs kbfy{x?nfO{ pko'Qm :yfgdf Wofgk'j{s e08f/0f tyf pkof]u ul/g] 5 . cfof]hgfn] sf6\g] b'O{ ;fd'bflos jg / Ps wfld{s agsf u/L !)( ?vx?sf] Ifltk'lt{sf nflu @&@% - !M@% sf] cg'kftdf_ j6f ?vx? /f]kL ;fd'bfls jg jf wfld{s jg dfkm{t ;+/If0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfOg] 5 . To;}u/L lghL hUufaf6 sfl6g] @(& ?vx? / !@) afF;sf] Ifltk'lt{sf nflu $!& -!M! sf] cg'kftdf_ j6f ?vx? cfof]hgfåf/f jf :yfgLo dfkm{t /f]lkg]5 . jGohGt'sf] rf]/Ll;sf/L lgoGq0f tyf ltgsf] ;+/If0f ;DaGwL ;r]tgf hufpg] ;Gb]z af]s]sf] xf]l8{Ë af]8{x? /flvg]5 .
*= ;fj{hlgs k/fdz{ tyf ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ug]{ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tof/Lsf] nflu !% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;'rgf g]kfn ;dfrf/kq /fli6«o b}lgsdf lj=;+= @@÷!@÷@)&@ df k|sflzt u/L ;DalGwt ;fljs uf=lj=;=, lh=j=sf=, ;fljs lh=lj=;=, ljBfno, :jf:y rf}sL, ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf AolQm jf ;+:yfx?af6 /fo ;'´fa ;+sngsf] nfuL k|sfzLt u/l/Psf] lyof] . k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f ug]{ qmddf k|:tfljt ;8s glhssf j:tLx?df ufpmF:t/Lo ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlgwL tyf cGo :yfgLo AolStx?;Fu k|:tfjLt pkcfof]hgfaf6 kg{ hfg] ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds c;/ jf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg ;fj{hlgs 5nkmn u/LPsf] lyof] .
iv IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
:yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] /fo;'emfj ;lxt ;dfj]z u/L tof/ ul/Psf] k|ltj]bg :jLs[tLsf] nflu /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f ;dIf k]z ul/g]5 . l:js[t k|ltj]bg ;/f]sf/jfnf / cGo AolQm jf ;+:yfx?sf] kx'rsf] nfuL /fd]5fk lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ;ldtLsf] ;'rgf s]Gb|, PlzofnL ljsf; a}+s, ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yflgo ljsf; dGqfno, /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f, e"sDkLo cfktsflng ;xof]u kl/of]hgfsf] j]e;fO6df /flvg]5 .
(= u'gf;f] lgbfg ;+oGq pkcfof]hgfsf] jftfj/0fLo / ;fdflhs sfo{;Dkfbgsf] ;Gbe{df :yfgLo hgtfsf] hgu'gf;f] ;'Gg / tLgsf] plrt tyf ;dofg's'n ;Daf]wg ug{ o; k|f=j=k= k|ltj]bgdf $ txsf] u'gf;f] lgbfg ;+oGqsf] af/]df cf}+NofOPsf] 5 .
!)= jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkg of]hgf pkcfof]hgfsf] c;/, l:ylt, ltgsf Go"lgs/0fsf pkfox?, cg'udgsf] tl/sf / ;do tlnsf ;d]6]/ cWofo ( df jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgf tof/ kf/LPsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} Go"lgs/0fsf pkfo sfof{Gjog / cg'udgsf] lhDd]jf/ lgsfosf] klxrfg o; jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkg of]hgfdf ul/Psf] 5 . k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsf ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0f cGtu{tsf ljleGg cg'udgsf ;"rsx? klg kQf nufOPsf 5g\ . pkcfof]hgf k'glg{df{0fsf] cg'udg /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f tyf lhNnfsf cGo lgsfox?n] ug]{5g\ . jftfj/0fLo cg'udgsf] nflu ? @)),))) ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . o; pkcfof]hgfsf] jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkgsf] nfuL ? !$,*)&,%#%=($ 5'6ofOPsf] 5 . h;dWo] ? !#,#&#,!%)=)@ o;sf] l;len nfutdf ;dfj]z ul/;lsPsf] 5 . o;n] k'g:yf{kgf of]hgf / n}+lus ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfof]hg of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog nfutnfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5}g .
!!= lgisif{ o;:t/sf] pkcfof]hgfsf nflu pkcfof]hgfaf6 x'g] gsf/fTds c;/x? guGo 5g\ . w]/}h;f] c;/x? :yfgLo :t/d} lgdf{0f r/0fdf dfq l;ldt 5g\ . cfof]hgfaf6 x'g] clwsf+z gsf/fTds c;/x?nfO{ lbOPsf Go"lgs/0fsf pkfox?af6} sd jf Ifltk"tL{ ug{ ;lsG5 / :yfgLo:t/df / lgdf{0f r/0fd} l;ldt ug{ ;lsG5 . jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkg of]hgfsf] leq ;d]6LPsf pkfox? cjnDag u/LP kl/of]hgf If]qdf ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs tyf ;f:s[lts jftfj/0fdf 7"nf] c;/kg]{ b]lvb}g . To;}n] cfof]hgfsf] k|s[lt, o;sf] cjl:ylt, :yfgLo hg;d'bfox?sf] cfof]of]hgf k|ltsf] ?lr tyf klxrfg ul/Psf ;Defljt gsf/fTds c;/x?nfO{ dWogh/ ub{} k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f cWoogn] lgb]{zg u/] cg'?ksf] Go"lgs/0f tyf clej[l4s/0fsf pkfox? cjnDag u/L pkcfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ pko'Qm b]lvG5 . o;sf] nflu k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f cWoog g} oy]i7 /x]sf] 5 .
v IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Executive Summary 1. Background In order to accelerate economic and social recovery of the communities through rehabilitation and reconstruction of local infrastructures damaged due to devastating earthquake of 25 April 2015 and the major aftershock of 12 May 2015, Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) has been impelemented under financial support of Asian Development Bank (ADB) and technical support of Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) in 12 affcted district. Through this project, the ADB will support the Government of Nepal (GoN) in its efforts to put thousands of children back into schools, return vital government services to desperate communities, and create jobs and income for families by repairing critical road networks. The project will also repair and improve about 135 km of strategic roads and about 450 km of rural roads damaged by the earthquake and landslides. The National Reconstruction Authority (NRA) is the coordinating government agency. The Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD) and the District Coordination Committees (DCCs)/ District Technical Office (DTO) are the implementing agencies at central and district levels respectively.
Devitar – Phulasipokhari Section (16.140 Km) section of Devitar – Doramba – Paseban – Kolibagar Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-Project one of the project under EEAP. As the district level implementing agency of the subproject, this IEE study report has been prepared by DCC (then District Development Committee, DDC) Ramechhap to address the likely environmental and social impact, both beneficial and adverse, due to the proposed upgrading of the road.
The proposed rehabilitation and reconstruction of Devitar – Phulasipokhari Road Section will render the existing infrastructure devastated by devastating earthquake of 25 April 2015 and the major aftershock of 12 May 2015 fully operative and reinstate the road access to wards 13 and 14 of Manthali Municipality (former Phulasi VDC) and 5 major settlements thereof as well as the rural western part of Ramechhap district to the district headquarter in Manthali and other parts of the country.
2. The Proponent The DCC (then DDC), Ramechhap is the executing agency at the district level under Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) project and the proponent of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of Devitar – Phulasipokhari Section (16.140 km) of Devitar – Doramba – Paseban – Kolibagar Road).
Full Address of the Proponent: Office of the District Coordination Committee, Ramechhap Manthali, Ramechhap Telephone No. 048-540347, 540114 Fax No. 048-540029
vi IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
3. Rationale and Objectives of the IEE study Preparation of IEE for district road is mandatory according to Act relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake affected structures 2015, Rule relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake affected structures 2016, Work Procedure For EIA of Reconstruction of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2016 (Schedule 1) and First Amendment (2016) and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 to suggest the appropriate practical & site specific mitigation and enhancement measures to address the environmental impact of the proposal.
The main objective of the IEE study is to identify the impacts of physical, biological, socio- economic and cultural environment of the sub-project area and recommend practical and site specific environmental mitigation and enhancement measures, prepare and implement environmental management plan for the sub-project.
4. Project Description and Study Methodology The proposed subproject passes through Manthali Municipality, wards 13 and 14 (former Phulasi VDC) of Ramechhap District. Then DDC Ramechhap has proposed to reconstruct the 16.140 km (CH 0+000 to 16+140) km section of the road under EEAP. It will be rehabilitated and reconstructed into a District Road Core Network (DRCN) standard road with gravel pavement. The road will have 6.25 meter formation width including shoulder and drainage. The estimated total engineering cost including VAT is NRs. 300,105,968.96.
This IEE report has been prepared following necessary desk and field study and defined procedure and also on the basis of the ToR approved by the secretary level decision of the MoFALD on 2016-03-23 A.D. to fulfill the statutory requirement of GoN.
5. Existing Environmental Condition The project area lies in the Mid-hills (Lesser Himalayan) physiographic zone of Nepal. The area has a rugged topography consisting steep hills and river valleys. Geologically, the study area comprises medium to high-grade metamorphic rocks of Lesser Himalayan Sequence of Central Nepal mainly phyllites, amphibolites, metasandstone and schists.
Considering the elevation, the area has tropical, sub-tropical and warm temperate climatic conditions. As reported in the District Profile, the temperature reaches as high as 300C in the summer and falls as low as 50C in the winter and receives annual rainfall of 1700 mm. The road alignment passes through more than 10 small streams. No major stream falls along the alignment. The landuse along the roadside includes cultivated/agricultural land, settlement and market area and forest.
The sub-project segment lies among cultivation area, settlement, forest patches and barren land. There are two CF namely Shree Sheradevi CFUG (0+280 to 0+900, 1+500 to 2+280) and Shree Setidevi Saunepani CFUG (4+400 to 6+040, 6+500 to 7+950) and Shree Hari Siddhi Religious Guthi Forest (13+180 to 13+500 and 13+940 to 15+350).The beginning section of the road alignment has trees like Sal and Bot Dhayaro and the other areas have Chilaune, Khote Salla, Uttis, etc. The trees reported alongside of the road alignment include
vii IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Sal, Asna, Bot dhayero, Jamun, Gineri, Gayo, Salla, Uttis, Chilaune, Chuletro, Dhatelo, Katush, Khanyu, Bhalayo, Khirro, Tooni, Tanki, Lakuri, etc. As known from local consultation, rare wildlife visit the edges of the forest area.
The proposed road passes through wards 13 and 14 of Manthali Municipality (former Phulasi VDC) of Ramechhap District. There are 5 major settlements along the alignment that include Sankhebesi, Arubote, Chinde, Harre and Phulasipokhari. Around 1702 persons with 782 male and 920 female live in 385 households in the ZoI of the sub-project. The population of the project area is dominated by Chhetri; other main castes include Tamang and Dalit. Total literacy of the project area is 72%. People of the project area are involved in horticulture (Junar Farming), agriculture and livestock rearing as their main occupations. Among the other main occupations, small businesses and aboard jobs are important. Health care service is being delivered by a Sub-Health Posts along the road alignment. Almost 72% of the households use piped water for drinking. Almost all of the households in the project area have been supplied with electricity. Pokharidada is the local market center and the major nearest markets are in Milti, Manthali and Charikot.
6. Environmental Impacts 6.1 Beneficial Impacts The immediate beneficial impact from the project during construction phase is generation of temporary employment opportunity of 179,490 persondays. The major beneficial impacts after operation of project includes year round transportation facility and accessibility to the people of wards 13 and 14 of Manthali Municipality (former Phulasi VDC) of Ramechhap District and rural western part of this District, promotion of agro-enterprises based on local agricultural products and economic development. Once in operation the road will offer easy, comfortable and quick access to people of the area to social service facilities like health, education, market and other facilities. After rehabilitation and reconstruction of the road, the supply of daily consumables, food and others will be easy and provide market to local agricultural products, especially Junar which will improve the living standard of and help the the earthquake affected people in social and economic recovery.
6.2 Adverse Impacts Among the adverse impact on the social domain of the environment, pressure on existing service facilities, possible conflict and clash between local and outside workers, occupational health and safety are of chief concern. For widening of road and construction of side drains 0.950 ha of additional private land distributed in different plots belonging to different owners will be acquired and ten (10) private structures at Chainages 2+140, 8+450, 8+585, 8+730, 11+220, 11+350, 12+070, 12+880, 15+450 and 15+640 will be damaged. Other impacts are gender discrimination in task and wage distribution, involvement of children in risky works, diseases due to unhygienic living condition, communicable diseases and STDs, etc. During operation phase, ribbon settlement along the project alignment could develop haphazardly and encroachment might occur along road alignment.
viii IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Operation of construction equipment and vehicles and use of chemical substances during construction activites may produce noise, water and air pollution. Improper management of waste may cause water and soil pollution leading to other deleterious consequences. Improper storage and handling of construction materials and equipments may cause water and soil pollution through leakage and seepage. Regarding the impact on biological environment, impact of hunting and poaching on wild animal is considered important. Site clearance for construction works will affect some trees and the ground vegetation on both sides of the road. 70 trees of Sal, Khote Salla, Uttis, Chilaune and Khirro belonging to the two CFUGs, Shree Sheradevi and Setidevi Saunepani CFUGs at Ch 0+280 to 1+500 and 0+900 to 2+280; and Ch 4+400 to 6+500 and 6+040 to 7+950 respectively need to be felled down for attaining prescribed width of road. Likewise 39 trees of species of Uttis, Khote Salla and Dale ghas need to be felled from the Shree Hari Siddhi Religious Guthi Forest at chainages 13+180 to 13+500 and 13+940 to 15+350. Similarly, 297 trees and 120 bamboo clumps need to be felled from private land alongside of the road at various chainages.
7. Mitigation Measures A number of practical and cost effective mitigation measures have been suggested to prevent, correct and compensate the adverse effects of the project implementation. The project proponent is bound to implement these measures during the construction and operation of the project. For construction phase, the proponent will implement the mitigation measures through contractor. Some of the major measures to be adopted are as follows:
Women and disadvantaged people will be empowered through awareness and capacity development training. Private properties including private land, private structures and private trees will be acquired after compensation. Irrigation will be protected or rehabilitated after construction in case of damage. To reduce the pressure on service facilities, contractor will manage utilities like communication, lighting and cooking energy, drinking water supply, etc within the camp. Any damages to physical infrastructures will be reconstructed or rehabilitated. To address the issue of occupational health and safety, proper safety arrangements will be made. Safety equipment such as helmets, boots, gloves, safety belts, safety glasses and masks will be provided to the workers working in the construction sites. Warning signs, posts, barriers and guards will be installed to restrict access of unauthorized persons to storage areas. Arrangements of temporary latrines will be made for workers and they will be placed 50 m away from water bodies. Spoil generated from earthwork will be disposed in designated location and managed properly with toe wall and retaining wall, vegetation cover and necessary drainage structures. Existing and possible landslides will be controlled or prevented by appropriate bio- engineering technique.
ix IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
All the camp wastes and construction wastes will be placed in the designated waste collection pits away from the water path. Oils and other chemicals used in construction activities will be handled carefully and stored in fallow land away from the river beds by using impervious layers. Arrangement will be made to plant 2725 trees (at the rate of 1:25) and protect them through the respective CFUGs or RFUG to compensate the 109 trees felled from the Community Managed Forests and Religious Forest along the road corridor. Similarly, 417 trees (at the rate of 1:1) will be planted by the subproject or through respective owner for 297 trees and 120 bamboo clumps cleared from the private land. Hoarding boards carrying messages to aware people on control of hunting and poaching of wildlife and their conservation will be placed.
8. Public Consultation and Information Disclosure In order to prepare the IEE report, 15 days public notice was published on 04/04/2016 AD in Nepal Samacharpatra, a national Nepali daily newspaper seeking written opinions from concerned former VDC, DFO, CFUGs, schools, health posts and related local organizations. Public consultation was done with the local people living near the proposed road, members of local organizations and local leaders during the preparation of IEE report in order to aware them of incoming road rehabilitation and reconstruction sub-project and to identify the possible beneficial and adverse impacts due to this sub-project.
IEE report prepared by incorporating the suggestions of local stakeholders will be presented to NRA for review and approval. The approved report will be made accessible to interested parties and the general public and organizations through the information center of Ramechhap DCC, Manthali Municipality, MoFALD, NRA and websites of ADB and EEAP.
9. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) The IEE report has suggested four (4) levels of GRMs to receive and facilitate resolution of affected people’s concerns and grievances regarding project’s environmental and social performances and impacts in a timely and satisfactory manner.
10. Environmental Management Plan Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been proposed with present report including issues identified, possible effects and impacts, measures for their mitigation, monitoring methods and schedule in Chapter 9. In addition, agencies responsible for executing environmental mitigation measures and monitoring have been identified in the EMP. Different monitoring indicators on the physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment have also been identified. The NRA with district bodies will monitor during reconstruction and operation phase. For the environmental monitoring, NR 200,000 has been allocated. The total cost allocated for environment management of the sub-project is NRs. 14,807,535.94 of which NRs 13,373,150.02 has been included in civil work cost already.
x IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
This does not include the cost required for implementation of Resettlement Plan (RP) and Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) Plan.
11. Conclusion Most of the identified and perceived impacts of the project are of low significance compared to the project of this scale. With the set of mitigation measures, most of the adverse impacts can be minimised and/or compensated and limited to locality and construction period. Once the measures outlined in the EMP are implemented, there is no risk for residual impacts that may affect the physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment of the project area. Hence, it is suitable to implement the project addressing the impacts through the mitigation and enhancement measures suggested by this IEE, considering the nature of the project, its location, and people’s positive perceptions and identified environmental impacts. This IEE study is considered sufficient for this project.
xi IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1. Background ...... 1 1.1.1. Relevancy of the Sub-project ...... 1 1.1.2. Restructuring at Local Level ...... 2 1.2. Project Implementation Unit ...... 2 1.3. Consultant ...... 3 1.4. Objectives of ToR ...... 3 1.5. Objectives of IEE Study...... 4 1.6. Rationale for Conducting IEE ...... 4 1.7. Limitations of the IEE Study ...... 4 2. DETAIL ON RECONSTRUCTION & REHABILITATION WORK ...... 5 2.1. Project Location ...... 5 2.2. Salient Features of the Project ...... 8 2.3. Components and Activities of the Sub-Project ...... 9 2.4. Construction Materials Requirement ...... 9 2.5. Source of Construction Materials and Quarry Sites ...... 10 2.6. Land Requirement ...... 10 2.7. Human Resource Requirement ...... 11 2.8. Campsite ...... 11 2.9. Spoil Disposal Area ...... 11 2.10. Project Implementation Schedule ...... 11 2.11. Construction Approach ...... 12 2.12. Cost ...... 12 2.13. Imapct Zone ...... 12 2.14. Environment Protection Policy: ...... 13 3. STUDY APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ...... 14 3.1. General ...... 14 3.2. Study Team ...... 14 3.3. Project Area Delineation ...... 14 3.4. Desk Study and Literature review ...... 15 3.4.1. Review of Existing Information...... 15 3.4.2. Map Reading ...... 15
xii IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
3.4.3. Checklists ...... 15 3.4.4. Field Study ...... 15 3.4.5. Initial Interaction and Consultation with Stakeholders ...... 16 3.4.6. Public Notice ...... 16 3.4.7. Public Consultations ...... 16 3.4.8. Physical Environment ...... 17 3.4.9. Biological Environment ...... 17 3.4.10. Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment ...... 18 3.5. Impact Identification, Prediction and Evaluation ...... 18 3.6. Group Judgement ...... 19 3.7. Designation of Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Plans ...... 19 3.8. Report Preparation ...... 19 3.9. Information Disclosure ...... 20 4. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION ...... 21 4.1. Physical Environment ...... 21 4.1.1. Topography ...... 21 4.1.2. Geology and Soil Type ...... 21 4.1.3. Slope Stability and Erosion ...... 22 4.1.4. Seismicity of the Project area ...... 23 4.1.5. Climate ...... 23 4.1.6. Drainage and Hydrology ...... 24 4.1.7. Land Use ...... 24 4.1.8. Air Quality, Water Quality and Noise Levels ...... 25 4.2. Biological Environment ...... 25 4.2.1. Vegetation and Forest Types ...... 25 4.2.2. Forest Management Regimes ...... 26 4.2.3. Domesticated Plants ...... 29 4.2.4. 4.2.4 Ethno-botany and NTFPs ...... 29 4.2.5. Rare, Threatened and Protected Plants ...... 29 4.2.6. Wildlife ...... 30 4.2.7. Rare, Threatened and Protected Wildlife ...... 30 4.3. Socio Economic and Cultural Environment ...... 31 4.3.1. Population, Household and Settlement ...... 31 4.3.2. Caste and Ethnicity ...... 32 4.3.3. Language ...... 32 4.3.4. Literacy and Education ...... 33 4.3.5. Occupation ...... 33 4.3.6. Agriculture and Cropping Pattern ...... 33 4.3.7. Livestock ...... 33 4.3.8. Migration Pattern ...... 33 4.3.9. Public Health and Sanitation ...... 34
xiii IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
4.3.10. Public Service Infrastructures and Facilities...... 34 4.3.11. Food Sufficiency ...... 36 4.3.12. Potential Development Areas ...... 36 4.3.13. Project Affected Families ...... 36 5. IMPACTS OF RECONSTRUCTION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION ON ENVIRONMENT ...... 39 5.1. Beneficial Impacts and Augmentation Measures ...... 39 5.1.1. Beneficial Impacts during Construction Phase ...... 39 5.1.2. Beneficial Impacts during Operation Phase ...... 40 5.2. Adverse Impacts and Mitigation Measures...... 41 5.2.1. Impacts during Pre-construction Phase and Mitigation Measures ...... 41 5.2.2. Adverse Impacts during Construction Phase ...... 42 5.2.3. Adverse Impacts during Operation Phase ...... 46 5.3. Climate Change Impacts ...... 47 5.4. Cumulative Impact ...... 48 5.4.1. Beneficial Impacts ...... 48 5.4.2. Adverse Impacts...... 49 6. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ...... 50 6.1. No Action Option ...... 50 6.2. Project Alternative ...... 50 6.3. Alternative Alignment ...... 50 6.4. Alternative Design and Construction Approach ...... 50 6.5. Alternative Schedule and Process ...... 51 6.6. Alternative Resources ...... 51 6.7. No Forest Option...... 51 7. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MITIGATION AND MINIMIZATION TECHNIQUE ...... 52 7.1. Augmentation Measures ...... 52 7.1.1. Construction Phase...... 52 7.1.2. Operation Phase ...... 52 7.2. Mitigation Measures ...... 53 7.2.1. Pre-construction Phase ...... 53 7.2.2. Construction Phase...... 55 7.2.3. Operation Phase ...... 60 7.3. Climate Change Impacts ...... 61 8. LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROJECT ...... 63 9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 69
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9.1. Institutions and their Roles ...... 69 9.2. Reporting and Documentation ...... 70 9.3. Implementation of the Mitigation Measures ...... 71 9.4. Matter to be monitored while implementing the Proposal...... 83 9.4.1. Baseline Monitoring...... 83 9.4.2. Compliance Monitoring ...... 83 9.4.3. Impact Monitoring ...... 83 9.5. Monitoring Indicator ...... 84 9.5.1. Pre-Construction Phase ...... 84 9.5.2. Construction Phase...... 84 9.5.3. Operation Phase ...... 84 9.6. Monitoring Indicators ...... 85 9.7. Cost of Mitigation and Enhancement ...... 93 9.8. Resettlement and Gender and Social Inclusion ...... 94 9.9. Costs of Environmental Monitoring ...... 94 9.10. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 95 9.10.1. Procedure for Grievances Handling as Per National Law ...... 97 10. CONCLUSION ...... 99 References:...... 100
List of Tables
Table 1: Salient Features of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Sub-Project ...... 8 Table 2: Quantity of Construction Materials ...... 10 Table 3: Possible Quarry Sites ...... 10 Table 4: Permanent Land Requirement by Land Use Type ...... 10 Table 5: Manpower Requirement ...... 11 Table 6: Recommended Spoil Disposal Sites ...... 11 Table 7: Sub-Project Implementation Schedule ...... 12 Table 8: Study Team ...... 14 Table 9: Impact Area Delineation ...... 15 Table 10: Summary of the Meeting Minutes during Public Consultations ...... 16 Table 11: Numerical scales as proposed in the National EIA Guidelines ...... 19 Table 12: Cumulative scores of level of significance ...... 19 Table 13: Geology and Soil Type along Road Alignment ...... 22 Table 14: Landslides and Erosion Prone Areas along Road Alignment ...... 23 Table 15: Landuse along the Road Alignment ...... 24 Table 16: Chainage wise Dominancy of Tree Species ...... 25 Table 17: Community and Religious Forest along the Road Alignment ...... 27 Table 18: Medicinal Plants and Local Use ...... 29
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Table 19: Rare, Threatened and Protected Animals Found in Project Area ...... 31 Table 20: Population Distribution in District, Municipality and Project Area ...... 31 Table 21: Settlements and Population of the along the Road Corridor ...... 32 Table 22: Migration Status in the ZoI ...... 34 Table 23: Food Sufficiency and Income level of the Affected Households ...... 37 Table 24: Income level of the Affected Households ...... 37 Table 25: Trees to be felled at different chainages ...... 46 Table 26: Trees to be felled and compensatory plantation requirement ...... 60 Table 27: Review of Relevant Acts, Rules, Regulations and Guidelines ...... 63 Table 28: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities ...... 69 Table 29: Summary of the Beneficial Impacts and Enhancement Measures ...... 72 Table 30: Summary of Adverse Impact Prediction and Mitigation Measures...... 73 Table 31: Monitoring Indicators Selected for this IEE ...... 85 Table 32: Compliance Monitoring of Devitar – Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project ...... 87 Table 33: Impact Monitoring of Devitar – Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project ...... 89 Table 34: Estimate of Environmental Cost of the Sub-Project ...... 93 Table 35: Summary of Resettlement Plan and Gender and Social Inclusion Plan Cost ...... 94 Table 36: Estimated Cost for Environmental Monitoring ...... 95
List of Figures Figure 1: Devitar – Phulasipokhari Road in DTMP Map of Ramechhap District ...... 5 Figure 2: Road Alignment in Topographical Map ...... 6 Figure 3: Road Alignment in Ecological Map ...... 7 Figure 4: Road Alignment in Google Earth Map...... 21 Figure 5: Location of Sub-project in Geological Map ...... 22 Figure 6: Seismic risk map of Nepal) ...... 23 Figure 7: Environment Management Organization Structure ...... 70 Figure 8: Grievance Redress Mechanism as Per EARF of EEAP ...... 96 Figure 9: Grievance Redress Mechanism in National Law ...... 98
Appendices Appendix 1: Terms of Reference approval letter & Approved ToR Appendix 2: Environmental Assessment and Climate Risk Screening Checklist Appendix 3: Environmental Checklists Appendix 4: Public Notice Appendix 5: Deeds of Inquiries Appendix 6: Recommendation Letters Appendix 7: Minutes of Public Consultations Appendix 8: Trees Loss and Compensatory Plantation Appendix 9: Abstract of Costs
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Appendix 10: Grievance Redress Mechanism Appendix 11: Environmental and Social Monitoring Report Outline Appendix 12: List of Affected Land Plots and their Owners Appendix 13: Pictorial Highlights
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Acronyms and Abbreviations ADB: Asian Development Bank amsl: above mean sea level BS: Bikram Sambat CBO: Community Based Organization CFUGs: Community Forest User Group CISC: Central Implementation and Support Consultant CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CL-PIU: Central Level Project Implementation Unit dBA: Decibel (A) DCC: District Coordination Committee DRCN: District Road Core Network DDC: District Development Committee DDR: Detail Design Report DISC: District Implementation and Support Consultant DIA : Direct Impact Area DL-PIU: District Level Project Implementation Unit DMG: Department of Mines and Geology DNPWC: Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation DoLIDAR: Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads DoR: Department of Roads DTMP: District Transport Master Plan DTO: District Technical Office DWSC: Department of Watershed and Soil Conservation EA: Environmental Assessment/Executing Agency EARF: Environment Assessment and Review Framework EEAP: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment EMP: Environment Management Plan IIA : Indirect Impact Area GESI AP: Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Action Plan GIS: Geographical Information System GoN: Government of Nepal HH: Household HIV: Human Immune Deficiency Virus IEE: Initial Environmental Examination IUCN: International Union for Conservation of Nature LEP: Labor based Environmentally Friendly and Participatory Approach LPG: Liquefied Petroleum Gas MoFALD: Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development MoPE: Ministry of Population and Environment
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NGO: Non-Governmental Organization NTFPs: Non Timber Forest Products NRA: National Reconstruction Authority ODF: Open Defecation Free PAFs: Project Affected Families PAM: Project Administration Manual PIU: Project Implementation Unit RCC: Reinforced Cement Concrete RP: Resettlement Plan RoW: Right of Way SDC: Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation STDs: Sexually Transmitted Diseases SWCA: Soil and Water Conservation Act ToR: Terms of Reference VDC: Village Development Committee www: World Wide Web ZoI: Zone of Influence
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background 1. Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) is a project being implemented with the loan financing of ADB, Swiss technical support and counterpart funding from the Government of Nepal (GoN). It aimed at accelerating economic and social recovery of the communities through rehabilitation and reconstruction of local infrastructures damaged due to devastating earthquake of 25 April 2015 and the major aftershock of 12 May 2015. The project will support the Government of Nepal (GoN) in its efforts to put thousands of children back into schools, return vital government services to desperate communities, and create jobs and income for families by repairing critical road networks. The Project covers 12 affected districts in eastern, middle and western development region of Nepal namely: Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, Lalitpur, Kavrepalanchowk, Ramechhap, Okhaldhunga, Sindhuli, Solukhumbu, Ramechhap, Gorkha, Lamjung and Chitwan. The project will repair, retrofit or rebuild at least 700 schools and 300 district-level government buildings damaged by the earthquake to disaster-resilient standards. The project will also repair and improve about 135 km of strategic roads and about 450 km of rural roads damaged by the earthquake and landslides. The road will berebuilt with improved road safety features and will be designed to withstand future disasters and the impact of climate change.
2. National Reconstruction Authority (NRA) is the legally mandated agency for leading and managing the earthquake recovery and reconstruction in Nepal and is the executing agency (EA) of EEAP. The Central Level Project Implementation Unit (CL-PIU) for rural road component of EEAP is under the Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD).
1.1.1. Relevancy of the Sub-project 3. The proposed rehabilitation and upgrading of Devitar – Phulasipokhari Section of Devitar – Doramba – Paseban – Kolibagar Road will provide easy access to the rural North Western part of Ramechhap District to the district headquarter in Manthali and other parts of the country through Nayapul – Manthali Road. The road serves various settlements of the wards 13 and 14 of Manthali Municipality (former Phulasi VDC) along the road corridor to the rest of the world through road network.
4. While already, very low number of vehicles was plying on the road because of the bad road condition, the road had been further damaged due to devastating earthquake of 25 April 2015 and the major aftershock of 12 May 2015. Transportation of goods and services from the market centers to the rural areas and vice-versa has been difficult, insufficient and costly due to poor geometry, standards and earthen nature of the road. The proposed rehabilitation and upgrading will facilitate the easy access to the rural people of Ramechhap District. The enhanced road network will provide access to the rural people to the basic service facilities like health, education and daily economic activities hence improving their living standard. Hence, there is an urgent need of rehabilitating and upgrading this road to facilitate easy accessibility for isolated villages and the road has attracted DTMP priority No-21DR001.
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1.1.2. Restructuring at Local Level 5. Government of Nepal has declared the name, number, boundary, ward’s boundary of 744 rural municipality and municipality with 481 rural municipalities, 246 municipalities, 13 sub-metropolitan cities, 4 metropolitan cities. The restructured bodies have come into force with the publication of notice by MoFALD in Nepal Gazette on 10th March, 2017. The village assembly and municipal assembly will make decision on this after the election in rural municipality and municipality.
6. With the publication of this notice by GoN, old local bodies like VDCs/DDCs are dissolved. A previous VDC has virtually turned into ward(s) of the municipality or ward(s) of Rural Municipality (RM). The restructured bodies have come into force with the publication of notice by MoFALD in Nepal Gazette on 10th March, 2017. MoFALD has circulated local level administrative operation order, 2073 for continuing and managing services at local level until the elected members take over the rural municipality, municipality and district assembly. DDC will be operated in name of District coordination committee (DCC). The duties and responsibilities of DDC will be carried by DCC. Project run by DDC will be run by DCC for this fiscal year. Multi-year project run by DDC, funded by GON and donor agencies, will be operated as per decision of ministry. This report presents the role and responsibility of institution for implementing environment management plan in a model, before the publication of restructuring notice. The role and responsibility has and further will be automatically transferred to concerned agencies as GoN decision related to restructuring of local level.
7. The project affected then Phulasi VDC is now restructured as wards 13 and 14 of Manthali Municipality (wards 1-5 of then Phulasi VDC as ward 13 of Manthali Municipality and wards 6-9 of then Phulasi VDC as ward 14 of Manthali Municipality with the center lying at existing Office of Manthali Municipality. Office of then DDC, Ramechhap has been acting as office of District Coordination Committee.
8. The Terms of Reference (ToR) was prepared and approved before the formulation of Work Procedure Related with Environmental Impact Assessment for Rehabilitation of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2072 (2016) based on Environment Protection Act 1997 and Environment Protection Rule 1997. It was approved by the secretary level decision of the MoFALD on 2072-12-10 (March 23, 2016) right before the mobilization of the design team. The road design parameters were revised in the course and the length and formation width fixed at 16.140 km and 6.25 m respectively. So, there is a discrepancy in the design information in the IEE Report, ToR and the public notice. The IEE Report, ToR and the public notice deals with the same road, DRCN No. 21DR001 and the name of the obligatory points are the same. This IEE Report has been prepared based on the final DPR.
1.2. Project Implementation Unit 9. The DCC, Ramechhap is the implementing agency at the district level and the proponent of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Section of Devitar-Doramba-Paseban-Kolibagar
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Road. The National Reconstruction Authority (NRA) is the concerned authority for the approval of IEE study report.
Address Office of the District Coordination Committee, Ramechhap Manthali, Ramechhap Telephone No. 048-540347, 540114 Fax No. 048-540029 Email: [email protected]
1.3. Consultant Central Implementation Support Consultant (CISC) Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) Ekantakuna, Lalitpur P.O. Box 113 Telephone No: 977-1-5543142/43 Fax No: 977-1-5543144 E-mail: [email protected] website: www.drilpnepal.org
10. Af-Iteco Ltd., Switzerland acting as Central Implementation Support Consultant of EEAP has awareded consultancy services to the JV of Gaurav Integrated Development Associates Nepal P. Ltd (GIDA Nepal P. Ltd), NEST P. Ltd. and JAARSA Engineering Consultancy (P) Ltd., Sankhamul, Kathmandu who was responsible for conducting the necessary desk and field study and preparing IEE report on behalf of the proponent adhering with the approved ToR and all the prevalent policies, acts, rules and guidelines.
NEST P. Ltd. Sankhamul-34, Kathmandu Telephone No. 01-4784515 Email: [email protected]
1.4. Objectives of ToR 11. The main objective of the TOR was to guide the preparation of the comprehensive and coherent Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study report as per the Environment Protection Act 1997 (EPA ’97) and Environment Protection Rules 1997 (EPR ’97) and amendments. The specific objectives of the study were to:
Identify the data requirement of IEE study and general methods for acquisition of such information. Identify major issues that may arise as a result of proposed works on bio-physical, socio- economic and cultural environment of the project area, Identify relevant legal documents that need to be reviewed during the IEE study and subsequent project implementation.
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Provide an outline on structure of IEE study report
1.5. Objectives of IEE Study 12. The main objective of the IEE study is to identify the environmental impact due to implementation of the sub-project in the area and to suggest a sustainable way out, help decision makers to balance development and protection of human wellbeing and the environment. The specific objectives of the study are to:
Provide information on the general environmental setting of the project area as baseline data, Identify, predict and evaluate the major issues that may arise as a result of proposed works on bio-physical, socio-economic and cultural environment of the project area, Recommend practical and site specific environmental mitigation and enhancement measures, Prepare and implement environmental management and monitoring plan for the project Ensure that IEE is sufficient for the proposed road project
1.6. Rationale for Conducting IEE 13. As prescribed in the Work Procedure Related with Environmental Impact Assessment for Rehabilitation of Earthquake Affected Structures (First Amendment), 2073 (2016) promulgated under the Act relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures, 2072 (2015), Schedule 1 (2) (Projects Requiring IEE) under Rule 3, rehabilitation and reconstruction of district, urban and rural roads need to undergo IEE study and the report requires approval from the NRA. This IEE has been conducted following the ToR for IEE approved by MoFALD prior to enactment of aforementioned laws according to Environment Protection Act 1997 and Environment Protection Rules 1997.
14. Preparation of IEE report by concerned DCC and approval of the IEE report by the NRA according to Nepali legal provision is considered sufficient and Nepali legal provisions in essence satisfy ADB's requirements. EEAP subprojects fall under category "B" (categorization is as "A", "B" and ''C'' based on the significance of sub-projects impact and risks on the environment and environmental safeguard considerations) where IEE is mandatory for all sub projects according to Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009 of ADB. The road section does not fall within the boundary of protected area of any category.
1.7. Limitations of the IEE Study 15. The study has following limitations:
Site specific environmental management plan is not prepared
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2. DETAIL ON RECONSTRUCTION & REHABILITATION WORK 2.1. Project Location
16. The proposed Devitar – Phulasipokhari (DTMP No- 21DR001) section of Devitar – Doramba – Paseban – Kolibagar Road passes across wards 13 and 14 of Manthali Municipality (then Phulasi VDC) of Ramechhap District of Central Development Region of Nepal. DDC has proposed to rehabilitate and reconstruct the 16.140 km (CH 0+000 to 16+140) km section of the road. The road section starts from Sankhebeshi (Devitar) of Manthali Municipality-13 (then Phulasi VDC-1) along Nayapul – Manthali Road (27o29’42” N Latitude and 86o05’58”E Longitude) and ends at Phulasipokhari of Manthali Municipality- 14 (then Phulasi VDC-8, 27o28’39” N Latitude and 86o02’25”E Longitude), of Ramechhap District passing through 5 major settlements. The major settlement areas are Sankhebeshi at 0+000 km, Aarubote at 0+900 km, Harre village at 8+000 km to 9+000 km, Chinde Village at 11+000 to 11+400 km and Phulasipokhari at 15+500 km. The road connects western part of Ramechhap district with the district headquarter in Manthali and rest of the country through all-weather connectivity. The road is directly connected to Nayapul – Manthali Road.
17. The road alignment is depicted in DTMP Map, Topographical Map and Ecologicl Map in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3 respectively.
21DR001
Figure 1: Devitar – Phulasipokhari Road in DTMP Map of Ramechhap District
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Figure 2: Road Alignment in Topographical Map
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Figure 3: Road Alignment in Ecological Map
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2.2. Salient Features of the Project 18. The features of the proposed project are summarized in the table below (Table 1).
Table 1: Salient Features of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Sub-Project Features Description Devitar Phulasipokhari section of Devitar Name of the Sub Project – – Doramba – Paseban – Kolibagar Road Type of Work Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Project starting date April, 2016 Project ending date June, 2019 DTMP code 21DR001 Location District Ramechhap Municipality Manthali Municipality 13 and 14 Then VDC Phulasipokhari VDC Sankhebeshi, Aarubote, Harre, Chinde, Phulasi, Major Settlements Ghyangdada, Pokharidada Length 16.140 km Sankhebeshi (Devitar), Manthali Municipality-13 Starting Point (then Phulasi VDC-1) (0+000) Phulasipokhari, Manthali Municipality-14 (then End Point Phulasi VDC-8) (16+140) Beneficiaries Population in ZoI Households – 385 and Population – 1702 Geographical feature Terrain Mid-Hills Altitudinal Range 657 m to 1823 m als. Climate: Tropical, Sub-tropical and Lower temperate Lesser Himalayan Rocks (Phyllite, Amphibolite and Geology: Schists), Colluvium and Residual Soil Unevenly Distributed Precipitation Controlled by Meteorology: Monsoon Design Standards Standard NRRS 2055, 2nd Revision December 2014 Existing Surface: Earthen Proposed Surface: Gravel, Cobble for grade >8% Right Of Way: 10 m on either sides (Center line) Formation Width: 6.25 m (includes 1m drainage & 0.75 m Shoulder) Carriage Way Width: 3.75 m Shoulder Width: 0.75 m on either side Maximum Gradient 12% Minimum Gradient 0.5% Pavement Standard Gravel, Cobble for grade >7% Gravel Length 10.57 km Cobble Length 5.57 km Structures (Qty/No.) Drainage Structures a) Side Drain Throughout the alignment at hill side b) Causeway 2 (RCC) c) Slab Culvert 1 d) Pipe Culvert 61 8 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Features Description e) Irrigation Crossing 15 Retaining Structures a) Stone masonry 11,305.47 cu.m. b) Gabion 10,159.42 cu.m. c) Toe wall 240 sq. m. Earth Work Road works a) Excavation/Cutting 257,382.93 cu.m. b) Embankment/Filling 17,091.15 cu.m. Pavement Volume a) Gravel 12,265.59 cu.m. b) Cobble 1, 728.14 cu.m. Project Cost (NRs) a) Civil Works (Base cost) 235,026,994.25 b) 13% VAT (of a) 30,553,509.25 c) Sub-Total (a+b) 265,580,503.50 d) Work Charge Staff and Small 7,967,415.11 Miscellaneous Expenses @ 3% (of c) e) Physical contingency @ 10% (of c) 26,558,050.35 f) Grand Total (c+d+e) 300,105,968.96 g) Per km Cost (excluding 16,454,394.16 contingencies) Monitoring Cost 200,000.00 EMP Cost (Excluding Monitoring) 1,234,385.92 EMP Cost included in Civil Cost 13,373,150.02 Social Cost including Resettlement 50,957,560.48 and Social Inclusion Cost Total Project Cost including 352,497,915.36 Environmental and Social Cost Source: DPR of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Section of Devitar-Doramba-Paseban-Kolibagar Road Sub-project
2.3. Components and Activities of the Sub-Project 19. Total length of the road is 16.140 km with 6.25 m formation width. Project components are: construction of structures like roadway, toe wall, retaining wall, breast wall, side drain, pipe culvert, slab culvert, irrigation crossings, etc. Site clearance, earthwork (excavation and filling), bioengineering, spoil disposal management, paving, compensatory plantation, roadside plantation are the activities during the construction of this road sub-project.
2.4. Construction Materials Requirement 20. Suitable materials including fill materials, base material and sub-base and pavement material will be required for road construction. Besides these materials, boulders and river-based aggregates and sand will be required for gravelling road, building retaining walls, RCC culverts, side drains and drain covers and other road features. The quantity of construction materials required for rehabilitation and reconstruction works as derived from the design report is summarized in the Table 2.
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Table 2: Quantity of Construction Materials SN Materials Unit Quantity 1 Embankment and Filling Materials Cu.m 17,091.15 2 Gravel Cu.m 12,265.59 3 Cobble Cu.m 1, 728.14 4 Stone Cu.m 22,202.89 5 Geotextile Sq.m 7,314.00 6 Cement Mt. 1,800.00 Source: Detail Design Report (DDR) of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Section of Devitar-Doramba-Paseban-Kolibagar Road Sub-project
2.5. Source of Construction Materials and Quarry Sites 21. Construction materials like cement and geotextiles will be bought from the nearest market within the country. The major construction materials that include suitable materials (fill, base and sub-base materials, gravel, cobble, etc.) have to be sourced from local sources or quarries. The sources of these materials have been presented in the Table 3.
Table 3: Possible Quarry Sites Material Site Distance Gravel Milti Khola, Ramechhap-Dolakha Border 2 km from Zero kilo (Sankhebeshi) Sand Milti Khola 2 km blacktopped road Dhobi Khola, Japhe, Dolakha 4 km from Zero kilo (Sankhebeshi) Boulder Milti Khola 2 km from Zero kilo (Sankhebeshi) At site of roadway cutting Aggregate Dhobi Khola, Japhe, Dolakha 4 km from Zero kilo (Sankhebeshi) Roadway Cutting Source: Field Survey, 2016
2.6. Land Requirement 22. It is an existing road with average width of 5.25 m. To upgrade it to the prescribed standard, 1.614 ha of additional land will be permanently required for the sub-project. Private agricultural land constitute major portion of this land. The permanent land requirement of the sub-project is described in the Table 4.
Table 4: Permanent Land Requirement by Land Use Type SN Land use Area (ha) 1 Agriculture (Including settlement) 0.9502 2 Forest Land 0.622 3 Open/Barren Land 0.0418 Total 1.614 Source: Field Survey, 2016
23. Additionally, land will be required for sitting ancillary facilities like construction camp, storage yard and spoil disposal. These are located in private land or open/barren land. Private land necessary for sitting temporary structures will be hired from interested owner at prevailing market rate. After completion of the work, the camps and facilities will be dismantled and 10 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap rehabilitated and returned to the owner. Permanent land will be acquired from the respective owner following due compensation and deed transfer in the name of proponent.
2.7. Human Resource Requirement 24. People will be required for excavation, spreading, concrete works, gabion weaving, transportation, supervision and management during construction of this project. The work force requirement for the reconstruction works has been describe in Table 5.
Table 5: Manpower Requirement SN Type of Workforce Input Unit 1 Unskilled 167,710 Person/days 2 Skilled 11,750 Person/days 3 Operator 30 Person/days Total 179,490 Person/days Source: DDR, 2016
2.8. Campsite 25. As stated in the preceeding section, the project will require large number of workforce that cannot be provided by the project area alone. Workers have be be procured from outside to complete the work in stiputated time. Hence, camp facilities will be required to house the outside worker. Appropriate campsites have been identified at Ch 0+000 (Zero Kilo), Ch 6+500 (Dharapani), Ch 9+800 (Dharekhola) and Ch 15+500 (Pokhari Dada). These ares have availability of water for drinking and sanitary use. Toilets will be arranged with respect to the number of workers stationed in the camp.
2.9. Spoil Disposal Area 26. As per the design report of the sub-project, about 257,382.93 cu.m of spoil is expected to be generated from cutting and excavation of road and drains and some of the spoil, 17,091.15 cu.m, will be used in filling road. Surplus volume needs to be managed properly. Appropriate spoil disposal sites have been presented in the Table 6:
Table 6: Recommended Spoil Disposal Sites Chainages Recommended Spoil Disposal Sites 2+000 Kholsi, Cliff Area in valley side of the road 3+600 Kholsi, Toe wall recommended in valley side downwards 6+080 At valley side, spoils can be disposed 12+380 Kholsi Area Source: DDR, 2016
2.10. Project Implementation Schedule 27. Table 7 shows the implementation schedule of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-Project.
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Table 7: Sub-Project Implementation Schedule SN Activity 2016 2017 2018 2019 I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV 1 Detailed survey, design and estimate 2 Preparation of resettlement plan 3 Environmental Assessment and Implementation 3.1 IEE report preparation and approval from NRA and ADB 3.2 Implementation of EMP 3.3 Environmental Monitoring 4 Work Implementation 4.1 Civil construction work
Note: I = (January, February, March), II = (April, May, June), III = (July, August, September), IV = (October, November, December) 2.11. Construction Approach 28. Implementation of road sub-project works will be carried out by employing a Construction Contractor through National Competitive Bidding. However, the contract package will include the following features:
Use of equipments and manpower to execute the contract within the stipulated deadline. Balancing cut and fills and reuse of excavated materials as construction materials, and thus not generating excess spoils as far as possible. Use of bio-engineering techniques with integrated use of vegetation, small civil engineering structures and proper water management systems to ward of erosion. 2.12. Cost 29. Length of this road is 16.140 km and formation width is 6.25 m. Total project cost of the road is estimated NRs. 300,105,968.96 and civil work cost is NRs. 235, 026,994.25 (Refer Appendix 9).
2.13. Impact Zone 30. The project will have direct impact on Wards 13 and 14 of Manthali Municipality (former Phulasipokhari VDC) and indirect impact on Areas within the geographical boundary of Manthali Municipality excluding wards 13 and 14. Please refer Table 9 for detail.
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2.14. Environment Protection Policy: 31. The project has aimed to carry out rehabilitation and reconstruction activities in build back better features for road safety and climate resilience. The project activities are primarily guided as per National Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Policy, 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.), Act relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake affected structures 2072 B.S (2015 A.D.), Rule relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake affected structures 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D). The project has been screened as per Work Procedure Related with Environmental Impact Assessment for Rehabilitation of Earthquake Affected Structures (First Amendment, 2016 A.D.). Project has carried out IEE study and prepared the report as per the work procedure of NRA and Environment Assessment and Review Framework (EARF) of ADB. For implementation of EMP as prescribed by IEE, project has provision of human resource and budget.
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3. STUDY APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 3.1. General 32. The approach, methodology and procedure followed were according to the objectives of IEE, and the legal requirements guided by Work Procedure Related with Environmental Impact Assessment for Rehabilitation of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2072 (2016) of GoN and the ToR approved by the secretary level decision of the MoFALD on 2072-12-10 (March 23, 2016). Adhering with the ToR, the study included desk study, literature review, field survey/inspections/observations with measurements, discussions with local communities, stakeholders, concerned agencies, and IEE team judgment. The copy of approved ToR is given in Appendix 1. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist and Checklist for preliminary climate risk screening were also considered during IEE report preparation as given in Appendix 2.
3.2. Study Team 33. The study was carried out by a team of qualified professionals which consisted of the followings (Table 8):
Table 8: Study Team SN Position Name of Member Qualification 1 Team Leader (IEE Expert) Shyam Prasad Adhikari MSc in Env Sc. 2 Biologist Jaya Raj Mishra MSc in Forestry 3 Geologist Basanta Raj Adhikari PhD in Geology 4 Socio-economist Angishwor Shrestha MA Sociology 5 Civil Engineer Sabin Bajracharya BE Civil
3.3. Project Area Delineation 34. For the purpose of the IEE study, Manthali Municipality along which the sub-project passes through was taken as the project area or the zone of influence (ZoI). ZoI has been categorized into Direct Impact Area (DIA) and Indirect Impact Area (IIA). Although the area within 10 m on either side of the road from the centerline has been considered as the RoW, DoR and DoLIDAR have been following 100 m on either side form the centerline within the DIA. However, the width of the corridor to be studied depended on the legal requirement plus the predicted extent of impacts. As the established practice, the wards of Manthali Municipality along which the road passes have been considered under DIA in this report and the geographical boundary of the municipality excluding the DIA is considered for IIA and has been taken into account for the socio-economic information including impacts/issues assessment for the study purpose. This area has been further distinguished into core project area and surrounding area as given in Table 9.
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Table 9: Impact Area Delineation Zone Locations Direct Impact Area/ DIA Wards 13 and 14 of Manthali Municipality (former Phulasipokhari VDC) Indirect Impact Area/ Areas within the geographical boundary of Manthali Municipality IIA excluding wards 13 and 14
3.4. Desk Study and Literature review 35. The study commenced with desk study and review of relevant literatures. The following activities were performed through desk study:
3.4.1. Review of Existing Information 36. Various existing sources of information were collected and reviewed to determine a frame of reference for the assignment. Such sources of information included existing laws, rules, guidelines and manuals, IEE reports of similar projects, Reference Manual for Environmental and Social Aspects of Integrated Road Development, Environmental Management Guidelines of DoR, APPROACH for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Roads, 1999 of DoLIDAR, etc. Detailed Engineering Survey and design of the Devitar – Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project were also reviewed to determine the nature and scope of activities of the project. Similarly, pertinent sources of secondary information were identified, collected and reviewed to build acquaintance with the environmental settings of the project area under physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural domains of the environment. These sources included publications of then DDC, then VDC, District Forest Office (DFO), Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), NGOs, INGOs and other governmental and non-governmental bodies. Data on rainfall and other meteorological conditions were also acquired from secondary sources and authenticated with that obtained from Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM).
3.4.2. Map Reading 37. Reading maps of different types like topographical maps, geological maps and ecological maps built preliminary acquaintance with the general environmental setting of the project area. Similarly, geographical boundary of the Zone of Influence (ZoI) was defined and delineated on the topographical map.
3.4.3. Checklists 38. Based on the desk study, project specific checklists were prepared for focus group discussion and data collection on physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural baseline data of the project area. This is based on APPROACH manual produced by MoFALD.
3.5. Field Study 39. A multi-disciplinary team comprising of environmental expert, biologist, sociologist and geologist visited the project site from 2073-01-01 B.S. (2016-04-13 A.D.) to 2073-01-11 B.S. (2016-04-23 A.D.) and carried out thorough field investigation through survey, inspection, observation and measurement to collect baseline information on physical, biological and socio- economic and cultural environments and identify possible issues and impacts on these three 15 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap environmental domains. Various participatory tools like focus group discussion, key informant interview, consultations and interactions were employed to aid collection of relevant information. The collected baseline data were verified by citing standard references and evaluated before accessing impacts on them.
3.5.1. Initial Interaction and Consultation with Stakeholders 40. Prior to conducting the field study, interaction was carried out with the design team and the proponent. Proponent was contacted on the first working day of field visit, i.e., 2073-01-02 B.S. (2016-04-14 A.D.). The existing information about socio-economic condition of the people in and around the proposed project site was also collected by interacting with local communities, environment related organization, concerned government and non-government agencies and other local and district level stakeholders.
3.5.2. Public Notice 41. The local people and stakeholders were involved in the study process through various activities like public consultation, meetings, interactions and discussions. These activities were employed to collect relevant information on various environmental domains and peoples’ issues and concerns on the project. Public participation is essential to ensure the quality, comprehensiveness, effectiveness of IEE as well as to ensure that the public view's are adequately taken into consideration in the decision making process.
42. According to working procedure relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake affected structures 2016, 7 days notice had to be published in national daily newspaper. However, 15 days public notice was published on 2072-12-22 B.S (2016-04-04 A.D.) in “Nepal Samacharpatra”, a national level daily newspaper (Appendix 4) seeking written opinion from then VDC, DFO, then DDC, schools, health posts and related local organizations; immediately after approval of ToR as per EPA 1997 and EPR 1997. Copies of the public notice were affixed in the notice board of the affected then DDC, DTO, then VDC, Schools, Health posts, Post Office, Public Places etc. of the then VDC and deeds of recognition (Muchulkas) were drawn to confirm the affixation of the notice in the aforementioned locations (Appendix 5). Recommendation letters were obtained from the affected municipality and attached in the IEE report (Appendix 6).
3.5.3. Public Consultations 43. The IEE team carried out a series of public consultation meetings with local communities and related stakeholders. The consultation and interactions were focused on the environmental sensitivity and concerns in the area, importance of environmental features located in the area, present status, present problems or difficulties, potential solutions, and consequences that are related in minimizing the possible impacts. A summary of meeting minutes with local people is given in Table 10 and the meeting minutes are in Appendix 7.
Table 10: Summary of the Meeting Minutes during Public Consultations Date Venue and Location Participant Issues and suggestion of meetings Male Female 2073-01-05 Manthali Municipality- 17 0 Proper drains should be provided to B.S. (2016- 13 (then Phulasi VDC- manage runoff.
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Date Venue and Location Participant Issues and suggestion of meetings Male Female 04-17 A.D.) 1) Adoption of proper measures to mitigate environmental impacts. Local people can be utilized in construction works. 2073-01-08 Then DDC 21 2 Proper mitigation measures should be B.S. (2016- Ramechhap (Currently adopted to mitigate the adverse 04-20 A.D.) DCC Ramechhap), environmental impact due to sub-project Manthali implementation. (Source: Field survey, 2016)
3.5.4. Physical Environment 44. Walkthrough survey and field observation were carried out to collect site-specific information about physical environment of the project area.
45. Geological investigation was made to explore the general geology, geomorphology, geological features like discontinuities and possible geologic hazard within the road corridor.
3.5.5. Biological Environment 46. Information on existing flora was documented by reconnaissance survey of the project site and its vicinity and listing of the plants encountered. Most of the plants were identified in the field with the help of standard reference (Polunin and Stainton 1984). Botanical nomenclature followed Press et al. (2000). Total enumeration was conducted for trees that need to be felled. Plants with diameter at breast height greater than 10 cm were considered as trees.
47. Forest management regimes were identified by discussion with the local people and consulting the publication of District Forest Office.
48. Information on mammalian species was and their movement was obtained from discussions with the Herders, Rangers, Security personnel, FUGs etc. Identification of mammalian species followed Baral et.al. (2008) and Shrestha T.K. (1997).
49. An inventory of avifauna and herpetofauna was performed by direct observation method using standard checklists and keys. Birds were observed with the help of binocular and identified using standard key developed by Fleming (1976) and Inskipp (1985).
50. Ethno-biological survey comprised collection of representative species during vegetation survey with analysis and recording of local information on their utilities by administering interview/discussion session with relevant local informants, thereby showing them the species in question and illustrated manuals (Martin, 1995; Shrestha, 1985).
51. Documented plants and animals were tallied with relevant references (IUCN Red Data Book, CITES Appendices, Government of Nepal’s list of protected plant and animal) and assigned respective threat and protection statuses.
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3.5.6. Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment 52. Socio-economic study was based on primary information collected from the field through methods like focus group discussion (FGD), key informant interview (KII), observation and household survey using socio-economic survey tools like checklists and questionnaire. The study also used information available in the general documents on district and then VDC and National Population Census, 2011 to compare with the primary findings.
53. FGD: Five (5) FDGs were conducted at the five major settlements along the road alignment (Sankhebesi, Arubote, Harre, Chinde and Pokharidada). On an average, 5 people were present in the discussion whereby discussion was held on socio-economic condition of the area and availability of resources and service facilities.
54. KII: KIIs were conducted with then VDC secretary and the representatives of CFUGs/RFUG. The interviews were focused on availability of natural resources and public service facilities.
55. Household Survey: Household survey was carried out in the study area to assess the socio-economic condition and loss to be incurred by the project affected families as well as to gather general socio-economic and cultural condition of the study area. The survey covered 160 households of former Phulasi VDC (currently ward 13 and 14 of Manthali Municipality). Out of 160 of the project affected families, 110 families were represented in the household survey and rest 50 families were found absent in the project area, meaning they are living outside the project area.
56. Regarding the analysis technique, mainly descriptive analysis technique was used. Nonetheless, simple quantitative analysis techniques (eg percentage and average) were used for some environmental components.
3.6. Impact Identification, Prediction and Evaluation 57. Based on the project details and field investigation, potential issues related to physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment due to the implementation of the project were identified, predicted and evaluated. Issues and concerns were also solicited from concerned agencies and local stakeholders through public notification and public consultation meetings. While identifying and predicting the impacts, due consideration was given to the proposed actions/activities during project construction and post construction (Operation and Management) phase on the existing physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural resources. Both beneficial and potential adverse impacts have been analyzed.
58. The Environmental impacts were evaluated on the basis of guidelines given in the National EIA guidelines 1993, based on the Magnitude, Extent & Duration of the impact and the respective numerical ranking. The criteria for the rating of the impacts in terms of their magnitude, extent, and duration are elaborated below:
Magnitude: This can be low-Lo (minor), medium-M (moderate), and high-H (major), depending on the scale or severity of change.
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Geographical extent: If the action is confined to the project area, it is referred as site-specific (Ss), if it occurs outside area but close to project area, the extent of impact is local (L), if it occurs far away from the project, it is referred as regional (R). Duration: It can be short term (ST - i.e. less than 3 years), medium term (MT - i.e. 3-20 years), and long term (LT - i.e. more than 20 years). Table 11: Numerical scales as proposed in the National EIA Guidelines Magnitude Score Extent Score Duration Score High/Major 60 Regional 60 Long Term 20 Moderate/Medium 20 Local 20 Medium Term 10 Minor/Low 10 Site-specific 10 Short-Term 05 (Source: National EIA Guidelines, 1993) 59. The cumulative scores on this analysis have been used to decide the significance of the impacts. Following Table 12 depicts the cumulative score of level of significance:
Table 12: Cumulative scores of level of significance Total scores Significance of Impacts Up to 44 Insignificant 45-74 Significant Beyond 74 Very significant
3.7. Group Judgement 60. The IEE team worked as a group. Multi-sectoral analysis was done through discussion in the group to identify inter linkages among various environmental issues. The IEE team used group judgment as the basic tool to establish the significance of environmental impact, identification and design of potential mitigation and enhancement measures, and preparing EMP of the project.
3.8. Designation of Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Plans 61. Based on the identified impacts, their nature, extent and magnitude, the mitigation and monitoring prescriptions were designed. A realistic approach was applied for the application of the mitigation measures in the local context. Environmental monitoring plan was developed to assess the effectiveness of the mitigation measures and implementation status.
3.9. Report Preparation 62. Based on the processed information, a draft IEE report has been prepared with detailed site specific baseline information and alternative analysis. All identified and predicted likely environmental impacts have been included in the draft report, which also contain environmental management plan (EMP). EMP has focused on realistic mitigation measures, environmental monitoring including implementation responsibilities, staffing, and budget and co-ordination aspects. The report has followed Schedule-4 under Subsection 1 of Section 12 of the Work Procedure Related with Environmental Impact Assessment for Rehabilitation of Earthquake Affected Structures (Fundamental Procedure), 2072 (2016). Final report will incorporate the comments of the review committee from NRA.
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3.10. Information Disclosure 63. IEE report containing the executive summary in Nepali language, identified impacts, recommended mitigation measures and the EMP will be sent to the Manthali Municipality. Approved IEE report will be made accessible to interested parties and general public through DTO. Moreover, NRA and CLPIU-EEAP will get the copy of final approved IEE report. The e- copy will be available in ADB website also.
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4. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION 64. This section deals in brief with the existing environmental setting of the project area with regard to physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment and interpretation of the baseline information with view of impact assessment and environmental management.
4.1. Physical Environment
4.1.1. Topography 65. The project area lies in the Mid-hills (Lesser Himalayan) physiographic zone of Central Nepal. The area has a rugged topography consisting steep hills and river valleys (Figure 4). The elevation of the road ranges from 657 m to 1823 m amsl.
Figure 4: Road Alignment in Google Earth Map
4.1.2. Geology and Soil Type 66. Geologically, the study area comprises rocks of Lesser Himalayan Sequence of Central Nepal mainly phyllite, amphibolites, shists and metasandstone (Figure 5). There are no major thrusts along the road alignment. The dominant rock types along the road alignment are also phyllite, amphibolites, shists and metasandstone. The entire area is composed of residual and colluvial soil. Rock outcrops are found at some locations. Distribution and thickness of these soil types depend on the topography.
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Project Area
(Map Source: Dhital, 2015) Figure 5: Location of Sub-project in Geological Map The detail topography, geology and overlying soil type along the road alignment is presented in the Table 13. Table 13: Geology and Soil Type along Road Alignment Section Chainage Elevation Aspect Geology Soil Type (m asl) Sankhebesi- 0+000- 657-925 East Schist, Quartzite, Phyllite Colluvial, Chuhantar 2+500 Residual Chuhantar- 2+000- 925-1295 North Phyllite, Amphibolites Collivual, Harre 8+500 and Shists Residual Harre-Chinde 8+500- 1295-1490 North Phyllite, Amphibolites, Residual 11+500 Shists and Metasandstone Chinde- 11+500- 1490-1823 North Phyllite, Amphibolites, Residual Pokharidanda 16+140 Shists and Metasandstone Source: Field Survey, 2016
4.1.3. Slope Stability and Erosion 67. The road alignment passes along a hilly terrain of the mid-hills. The stability of slopes along the road corridor depends upon slope angle, the material constituting the slope, rock discontinuities and hydrological conditions. There are few small scale slides or erosion prone
22 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap areas along the road alignment. The main causes for occurring slides are surface runoff and toe cutting. The detail inventory of the landslide with location has been provided in Table 14.
Table 14: Landslides and Erosion Prone Areas along Road Alignment Chainages Locations or Length of Protection SN Cause of Failure From To (Left/Right) Failure Structure Manthali 13 (then 1 2+000 2+100 100 m Surface Runoff absent Phulasi 2, Both) 2 3+640 3+700 Chuhantar (Both) 60 m Surface Runoff absent 3 11+250 11+280 Chinde 30 m Toe cutting absent 4 12+800 12+860 Phulasipokhari 60 m Toe cutting absent Source: Field Survey, 2016
4.1.4. Seismicity of the Project area 68. As we know, the evolution of the great Himalayan arc is the result of collision between the Indian and the Eurasian tectonic plates and as the Himalaya lies in the plate boundary, the region is considered as one of the active seismic zone of the World. Being a part of the Himalaya, Nepal is considered to be an active seismic zone. The existence of tectonic features such as MCT, MBT, HFT and other active regional faults further accelerates the rate of seismic risk. However, the project area is fairly far from such features. In order to determine seismic coefficient, a seismic design code for Nepal has been prepared. Bajrachrya (1994) divided the whole country into five seismic risk zones (Figure 6). According to the map of Bajracharya (1994), the road sub-project lies in the medium seismic risk zone of Nepal (Figure 6). However, Ramechhap District was one of the severely affected districts due to the major Earthquake of 25 April 2015 and the major aftershock of 12 May 2015.
(Source: Bajracharya, 1994) Figure 6: Seismic risk map of Nepal)
4.1.5. Climate 69. Climate of the sub-project area is controlled by variation in altitude and aspect. Considering the elevation, the area has tropical to warm temperate climatic conditions. As
23 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap mentioned in the District Profile based on the DHM data of Ramechhap recorded in the nearest meteorological station located in Manthali Municipality, annual rainfall is 1700 mm. The temperature reaches as high as 300C in the summer and falls as low as 50C in the winter. Major section of the road alignment lies on the north-facing slope rising above the elevation above 1000 m and hence the area remains moist and cool for most of the time.
4.1.6. Drainage and Hydrology 70. The road alignment passes through 11 small streams. All of them are seasonal streams. There are no perennial streams along the road. All of these streams drain into the Tamakoshi River, most of them through their tributary, the Milti Khola and the Lele Khola directly. The inventory of these streams has been presented in Table 15.
Table 5: Major Streams along the Road Alignment SN Chainage Name of Existing New Structure Needed and River/Stream Structure Size 1 0+153 and Lele Khola None Causeway (14 m/2 Nos) 0+287 2 3+663 Seradevithan Kholso None Slab Culvert (4 m) 3 4+160 Dharapani Kholso None Pipe Culvert (0.9 m) 4 6+180 Gadapani Kholso None Pipe Culvert (0.9 m) 5 7+600 Saunepani Kholso None Pipe Culvert (0.9 m) 6 8+130 Badare Kholso None Pipe Culvert (0.9 m) 7 8+620 Thulo Kholso None Pipe Culvert (0.6 m) 8 9+080 Chhange Kholso None Pipe Culvert (0.9 m) 9 9+890 Dharekhola Kholso None Pipe Culvert (0.6 m) 10 11+300 Ghyang Kholso None Pipe Culvert (0.6 m) 11 14+700 Gumba Kholso None Pipe Culvert (0.9 m) Source: Field Survey, 2016
4.1.7. Land Use 71. The road alignment passes through various settlements, forest, open barren land and agricultural land. The land use of the road alignment is summarized in Table 16.
Table 15: Landuse along the Road Alignment Chainage Additional Existing Total Type of Length Width Additional Width area Area Land (m) (m) Area (ha) From To (m) (ha) (ha) Agriculture (Including 0+000 16+140 9502 5.25 1 4.98855 0.9502 5.93875 settlement) 6220 Forest 0+280 15+350 5.25 1 3.2655 0.622 3.8875
Open/ 1+780 16+140 418 5.25 1 0.21945 0.0418 0.26125 Barren Total 16140 8.4735 1.614 10.0875
Source: Field Survey, 2016
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4.1.8. Air Quality, Water Quality and Noise Levels 72. There are no permanent environmental monitoring stations in the project area. However, site- specific expert assessment indicated that the air quality in the project area was extremely good during the evaluation period. Fewer than 15 run along the road every day. These are the mere sources of air and noise pollution onwing to the condition of road. During the vehicular movement in the semi-earthen road, fugitive emissions and dust could be high at the local level. There are no other sources of air and noise pollution like major or minor industry. As the road alignment doesnot cross or pass by major stream, the issue of water pollution is irrelevant for this sub-project. And any point source of water pollution is not visible along the river alignment in the project area.
4.2. Biological Environment 73. The sub-project alignment passes through public land distributed among two Community Forest User Groups (CF/4.490 km) and Religious Guthi Forest User Group (RF/1.730 km). The road section does not fall under any protected area or bufferzone area. Some other sections among the public land (0.4184 km) are barren lands.
4.2.1. Vegetation and Forest Types 74. The project area has representation of Tropical Sal Forest at the lower elevation, especially at the starting few kilometers and Sub-tropical Broadleaved Forest at the remaining section that is aligned above 1000 m amsl. The Sub-tropical Broadleaved Forest is interrupted at places by Sub-tropical Pine Forest and Alder Forest. The beginning section has trees like Sal (Shorea robusta), Asna (Terminalia alata), Bot dhayero (Lagerstroemia parviflora), Jamun (Syzygium cumini) and Khote Sallo (Pinus roxburghii). Road section at higher elevation has dominancy of trees like Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Khote Salla (Pinus roxburghii) and Uttis (Alnus nepalensis). Forest patches are available at Chainages 0+280 to 0+900, 1+500 to 2+280, 4+400 to 6+040, 6+500 to 7+950, 13+180 to 13+500 and 13+940 to 15+350. Remaining sections pass through private/agricultural land and open/barren land. Nonetheless, private lands also have stands of trees characteristic of the region. The chainagewise distribution of plant species is presented in the Table 16.
Table 16: Chainage wise Dominancy of Tree Species Chainages Dominant Tree Species From To 0+000 1+500 Sal (Shorea robusta) 1+500 5+000 Chilaune (Schima wallichii) Khote salla (Pinus roxburghii), Chilaune 5+000 8+000 (Schima wallichii) Uttis (Alnus nepalensis), Chilaune (Schima 8+000 14+000 wallichii) Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Uttis (Alnus 14+000 16+140 nepalensis) Source: Field Survey, 2016
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75. Besides these dominant species, other trees reported in the surrounding are Asna (Terminalia alata), Bot dhayero (Lagerstroemia parviflora), Jamun (Syzygium cumini), Lampate (Duabanga grandifolia), Gineri (Premna integrifolia), Gayo (Bredelia retusa), Phaledo (Erythrina sps.), Khirro (Sapium insigae), Mauwa (Engelhardtia spicata), Tooni (Cedrela toona), Kutmero (Litsea monopetala), Chuletro (Brassaiopsis hainla), Dudhilo (Ficus nerifolia), Katush (Castanopsis indica), Khanyo (Ficus semicordata), Taki (Bauhiniapurpurea), Lakuri (Fraxinus floribunda), Gogan (Sauraria nepalensis), Bhalayo (Ricinus cummunis), Kaulo (Persea odoratissima), Jhigane (Eurya acuminata), Nemaro (Ficus auriculata), Paheli (Litsea salicifolia), Maledo (Macaranga denticulata) etc.
76. Shrub species include Dhairo (Woodwordia fruticosa), Aasuro (Adhatoda vasica), Bilaune (Maesa chisia), Jhadi banmara (Lantana camara), Jhingani (Eurya acuminata), Bansuli (Dichroa febrifuga), Aiselu (Rubus ellipticus, Rubus paniculatus), Clematis sps, etc. Ground vegetations include Dhursul (Colebrookia oppositifolia), Rudhilo (Pogostemon benghalensis), Banmara (Eupatorium adenophorum), Kukure (Blumea sps), Bukiphool (Osbeckia sps.), Impatiens sps, Datiwan (Achyranthes aspera), Gandhe (Ageratum conyzoides), Kuro (Bidens pilosa), Titepati (Artemisia sps.), Sisno (Utricia diocia), Amriso (Thysanolena maxima), Urena lobata, Eubhorbia sps and various other grasses like Imperata cylindrica, Brachiaria sps, Echinochloa sps, Pennisetum sps, Cynodon dactylon, etc.
4.2.2. Forest Management Regimes 77. Three types of forest are existent in the project area based on the management practices: Government Managed Forest (National Forest), Community Managed Forest and Private Forest.
Religious Forest: A segment of the road at chainage 13+180 to 13+500 and 13+940 to 15+350 passs along the Religious Forest. Altogether 1.730 km of the road in its upper section passes along Religious Forest (Shree Hari Siddhi RF). Community Forest: According to DFO Ramechhap, most of the forest in the Manthali Municipality has been handed over to the community. Altogether 4.490 km of the proposed road section at chainages 0+280 to 0+900, 1+500 to 2+280; and 4+400 to 6+040, 6+500 to 7+950 passes along two community forests as described in the Table 17:
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Table 17: Community and Religious Forest along the Road Alignment Chainage Name of Major Species Existi Addit Total Total HH Mammals found Birds found along From To CF/RF ng ional Area area(ha) of along the C.F the C.F area Area (ha) C.F (ha) (ha) 0+280 0+900 Shree Sal 0.735 0.14 0.875 105.60 162 Barking Deer Lophura 1+500 2+280 Sheradevi (Shorea robusta) leucomelanos (Muntiacus (Kaliz CF Salla Pheasant), Pinus roxburghii) muntjak) ( Megalaima virens Terminalia Asna ( Golden Jackal (Great Barbet), alata), (Canis aureus) Magalaima asiatica Bot dhayero (Blue-thorated Lagerstroemia Grey Mongoose ( Barbet), Corvus parviflora ) (Herpestes splendens (House edwardsii) Crow), 4+400 6+040 Setidevi Chilaune (Schima 1.6222 0.309 1.93125 1997.75 105 Wild Cat Corvus wallichii) 6+500 7+950 Saunepani 5 macrorhyncos CF Salla (Felis chaus) (Jungle Crow), (Pinus roxburghii) Common Leopard Columbia livia Bot dhayero (Panthera (Rock Pigeon), Lagerstroemia ( pardus) Passer domesticus parviflora) Northern Palm (House Sparrow), Squirrel Milvus migrans (Black Kite), (Funambulus Acridotheres tristis pennanti ) (Common Mayna), Bats (Pteropus Streptopelia orientalis (Oriental
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Chainage Name of Major Species Existi Addit Total Total HH Mammals found Birds found along From To CF/RF ng ional Area area(ha) of along the C.F the C.F area Area (ha) C.F (ha) (ha) sps) Turtle Dove), Area of CF 2.3572 0.449 2.80625 5 Schima 13+180 13+500 Shree Hari Chilaune ( 0.9082 0.173 1.08125 43.42 190 Rhesus Macaque Seicercus wallichii) 13+940 15+350 Siddhi RF 5 xanthoschistos Salla (Macaca mulatta) (Grey-hooded (Pinus roxburghii) Porcupine Warbler), Uttis (Hystrix indica) Phycnonotus cafer (Alnus nepalensis) (Red-vented Common Langur Bulbul), (Semnopithecus entellus) P. leucogenys (Himalayan Bulbul), Urocissa erythrorhyncha (Red-billed Blue Magpie), Halcyon smyrnensis (White- breasted Kingfisher), Total area of Forest including CF and RF 3.2655 0.622 3.8875 Source: DFO, 2015/Field Survey, 2016
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78. Local people have planted trees in some patches of their private land or at the edge of the terrace of their agricultural land. They generally plant fruit and fodder trees in their private land. These are not registered as private forest in District Forest Office (DFO). Additionally, people also own forest land as Kharbari which supply them with fodder and fuelwood.
4.2.3. Domesticated Plants 79. Wards 13 and 14 of Manthali VDC (then Phulasi VDC) have been identified as pocket area for Citrus fruits specially Junar (Citrus sinensis). Besides Junar, local people have planted other fruit trees like Naspati (Pyrus communis), Suntala (Citrus reticulata), Nibuwa (Citrus limonum), Aaru (Prunus persica), Kagati (Citrus aurantifolia), Amala (Emblica officinalis), Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris), Kera (Musa paradisia) and Gauva (Psidium guajava), etc and fodder trees like Paiyu (Prunus cerasoides), Gogan (Sauraria nepalensis), Nemaro (Ficus auriculata), Bhimal (Grewia optiva), Kimu (Morus alba), Kutmero (Litsea monopetala), Ipil Ipil (Leucaena leucocephala), Dabdabe (Garuga pinnata), etc. Besides, people grow various other crops, vegetables, pulses and fruits for household utilization or selling in the market.
4.2.4. 4.2.4 Ethno-botany and NTFPs 80. The biological resources play influential role in the socio-economic condition and life style of local people. Diverse ethnic groups inhabit the project area. They use different biological resources in various ways, like food, medicine and others. People around the project location reported different utilities of the plant resources found in the area, though currently, there is no record of commercial utilization of such resources in the project area.The daetail is given in the Table 18 below.
Table 18: Medicinal Plants and Local Use SN Scientific Name Common Name Part Used Purpose 1 Achyranthes aspera Datiwan Stem/Root Jaundice 2 Artemesia sps Titepati Leaf Cut and Rashes 3 Centella asiatica Ghodtapre Leaf Urinary Disorder 4 Cinnamomum tamala Tejpat/Dalchini Leaf/Bark Spices 5 Cuscuta reflexa Akas Beli Shoot Jaundice 6 Gaultheria fragrantissima Dhasingare Leaf juice Muscle Pain 7 Jatropha curcas Sajiwan Stem Toothache 8 Ocimum sanctum Tulsi Leaves Cold, Cough and Fever 9 Rhododendron arboreum Gurans Flower Diarrhea 10 Schima wallichii Chaliune Bark Juice Cut and Wound 11 Smilax ovalifolia Kukur Daino Shoot Stomach Disorder 12 Syzygium cumini Jamun Fruit Diarrhea 13 Utricia diocia Sisno Leaf Vegetable 14 Zanthoxylum armatum Timur Fruit Stomachache and Cold Source: Field Survey, 2016
4.2.5. Rare, Threatened and Protected Plants 81. Among the plant species recorded in the project area, commercial felling of Shorea robusta is banned by government of Nepal under the Forest Act, 2049. Sal trees need to be felled for attaining the road width as per prescribed standard.
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4.2.6. Wildlife 82. A major portion of road alignment lies in agricultural land and settlement area, hence does not hold permanent habitat of wildlife. The edges of forest designated as various Community Forests with small segment of the alignment does not hold major habitat of wildlife. However, the forests continue to a large tract of forest which harbours common wildlife which sometimes find their way around the road corridor. Since the patches of forest lie close to one another, moreover, they are virtually connected to one another, the wildlife composition of the area is in general similar. There are no such unique habitat condition in the area contributing to unique wildlife composition.
83. Mammal: Common prey species of the area is Muntiacus muntjak (Barking Deer). Common carnivores of the project area are Canis aureus (Golden Jackal), Felis chaus (Wild Cat), Martes flavigula (Yellow-throated Marten) and Panthera pardus (Common Leopard). While animals like Barking Deer and Golden Jackal are commonly seen in the project area, Common Leopard is an infrequent visitor. Other mammals encountered in the area include primates like Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque) and Semnopithecus entellus (Common Langur) and rodents like Funambulus pennanti (Northern Palm Squirrel), Hystrix indica (Porcupine), Herpestes edwardsii (Grey Mongoose) and various species of bats (Pteropus sps) etc.
84. Avifauna: Lophura leucomelanos (Kaliz Pheasant), Megalaima virens (Great Barbet), Magalaima asiatica (Blue-thorated Barbet), Corvus splendens (House Crow), Corvus macrorhyncos (Jungle Crow), Columba livia (Rock Pigeon), Passer domesticus (House Sparrow), Milvus migrans (Black Kite), Acridotheres tristis (Common Mayna), Streptopelia orientalis (Oriental Turtle Dove), Seicercus xanthoschistos (Grey-hooded Warbler), Phycnonotus cafer (Red-vented Bulbul), P. leucogenys (Himalayan Bulbul), Urocissa erythrorhyncha (Red-billed Blue Magpie), Halcyon smyrnensis (White-breasted Kingfisher), Copsychus saularis (Oriental Magpie Robin), Lanius schach (Long-tailed Shrike), Rhyacornis fuliginosus (Plumbeous Water Redstart), Dicrurus macrocercus (Black Drongo), Bubulcus ibis (Cattle Egret), Bubo nepalensis (Spot-bellied Eagle Owl), Glaucidium radiatum (Jungle Owlet) and Orthrotomus sp (Wabler) were recorded by direct sighting during the field visit in the area.
85. Herpetofauna: The common herpeto-fauna reported in the project area were Ptyas mucosus (Common Rat Snake), Amphiesma stolatum (Buff-striped Keel back), Trimeresurus albolabris (White Lipped Pit Viper), Laudakia tuberculata (Himalayan Rock Lizard), Calotes versicolor (Common Garden Lizard), Hemidactylus spp (House Gecko), Scincella sikkimensis (Sikkim skink), Bufo melanonostictus (Asian Toad), Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (Pani Bhyaguta) and Paha (Bufo spp.).
4.2.7. Rare, Threatened and Protected Wildlife 86. Among the faunal species recorded in the project location, ten (10) species including six mammals, three birds and one reptile were specified different protection statuses. Though none of the animals recorded were nationally protected by GoN under National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1973, all of these species were listed in different appendices of CITES. Additionally, one species were listed as Near Threatened (NT) in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Others were of Low Risk (LR) or Least Concern (LC) or had not been assessed for their threat status (Refer Table 19).
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Table 19: Rare, Threatened and Protected Animals Found in Project Area SN Scientific Name Local Name Legal Status Local Status Local Use GoN IUCN CITES 1 Macaca mullata Rato Bandar II Common Pest 2 Panthera pardus Chituwa NT I Rare Pest 3 Semnopithecus entellus Langur LC I Common 4 Canis aureus Syal LC III Common Pest 5 Felis chaus Ban Biralo LC II Rare Pest 6 Herpestes edwardsi Nyauri Musa III Common 7 Milvus migrans Kalo Chil LC II Common 8 Bubo nipalensis Mahakaushik LC II Rare 9 Glaucidium radiatum Dundul LC II Rare 10 Ptyas mucosus Dhaman II Common CITIES Appendices Appendix I: Species threatened with extinction Appendix II: Species not yet threatened, but could become endangered if trade is not controlled Appendix III: Species identified by any party as being subject to regulation in that country and which require international co-operation to control trade IUCN Red List (1995) LR: Low Risk, NT: Near Threatened, LC: Least Concern, VU: Vulnerable, EN: Endangered, CR: Critically Endangered, K: Insufficiently Known 4.3. Socio Economic and Cultural Environment
4.3.1. Population, Household and Settlement 87. District Context: Ramechhap District is a hilly district in the Central Nepal and covers an area of 1546 sq.km. According to the National Population Census, 2011, this district has a total population of 202,646 with a density of 137.4 per sq.km. There are now 8 new local administration namely; Manthali Municipality, Ramechhap Municipality, Umakunda Rural Municipality, Khandadevi Rural Municipality, Gokulganga Rural Municipality, Doramba Rural Municipality, Likhu Sunkhoshi Rural Municipality and Sunapati Rural Municipality. The population of the district is dominated by Brahmin/Chhetri followed by Tamang and Magar, hence the major language spoken in the district are Nepali and Tamang.
88. Municipality Context: Manthali Municipality has been reformed by incorporating former Manthali Municipality with former Gelu, Chanakhu, Puranagau and Phulasi VDCs. There are now 14 wards in this municipality. According to National Population Census, 2011, the total population of this Municipality is 45,416. With an area of 211.78 sq.km., the population density of this 214.45 per sq.km. Detail is given in the Table 20 below
Table 20: Population Distribution in District, Municipality and Project Area District/municipality Total HH Total Population Male Female HH Size
Ramechhap District 43,910 202,646 93,386 109,260 4.62
Manthali 10,099 45,416 22,615 22,801 4.49
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District/municipality Total HH Total Population Male Female HH Size Municipality
Project Wards 1,284 5,733 2,594 3,139 4.46
Source: CBS, 2011 89. Project Area Context: The road alignment traverses through wards 13 and 14 of Manthali Municipality (then Phulasi VDC) of Ramechhap District via more than 5 major settlements. The major settlement areas are Sankhebeshi at 0+000 km, Aarubote at 0+900 km, Harre village at 8+000 km to 9+000 km, Chinde Village at 11+000 to 11+400 km and Phulasipokhari at 15+500 km. According to National Population Census, 2011, 5733 persons with 2594 male and 3139 female live in 1284 households in the wards 13 and 14 of Manthali Municipality. The average household size is 4.46. Field discussion in the major settlements along the road alignment shows that 1702 people live in the ZoI in 385 households. The detail demographic information is provided in the Table 21. Although, the alignment passes through these settlements, other parts on the western part of Ramechhap district will also be benefitted by the sub-project.
Table 21: Settlements and Population of the along the Road Corridor Population SN Settlement Then VDC & Ward HH Caste/Ethnicity Male Female Total 1 Sankhebesi Phulasi 1 106 260 285 545 Chhetri & Tamang 2 Arubote Phulasi 1 63 127 165 292 Chhetri & Magar 3 Harre Phulasi 2 45 80 85 165 Chhetri & Tamang 4 Chinde Phulasi 3 45 90 110 200 Chhetri & Tamang 5 PhulasiPokhari Phulasi 8 126 225 275 500 Chhetri & Tamang 385 782 920 1702 Source: Field Discussion, 2016
4.3.2. Caste and Ethnicity 90. Accroding to the National Population Census, 2011, the population of project area is dominated by Chhetri (43%) followed by Tamang (22%) and Magar (7%). Other castes include Newar, Kami, Sarki, Gharti/Bhujel, Sanyasi, Hill-Brahmin, Damai, etc. The household survey of 170 households in the sub-project area shows that 71% of the households belong to Janajati group. Similarly, Brahmin/Chhetri comprised about 12% of the households and 17 % were Dalit.
91. The area is a home to diverse ethinic or indigeneous communities like Tamang, Newar, Magar, Hyolmo and Gharti/Bhujel and occupational casetes like Damai/Dholi, Kami, Sarki. Occupational caste households are distributed in almost all the settlements. They have the lowest status in all sectors, i.e. they lack land resources, livestock, education, sufficient income, access to all services and facilities.
4.3.3. Language 92. Majority of the people of the project area speak Nepali language (72%) while another widely spoken language is Tamang owing to their second dominancy in population. Remaining
32 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap people speak other languages like Hyolmo and others based on their origin. But almost all can also speak Nepali language.
4.3.4. Literacy and Education 93. Considering the population above 5 years of age, the total literacy of the project area is 59.29% with male literacy rate 70.04% and female literacy rate 50.55%. The literacy of project area is comparable with that of the whole district. Project area has people with all levels of academic achievements. Local people have realized the importance of education in their life and most of them send their children to school. However, dropout rate of female students is still higher than male students.
4.3.5. Occupation 94. Almost all of the households are involved in agriculture, horticulture and livestock along with other occupation. However, because of the size of the landholding and hardship related with the geo-topographic setting, the agricultural output is insufficient to last whole year; hence they resort to other occupations specially wage labour to fill the deficit. The social field survey data of the project area shows that 75% of the male population was engaged in paid work including farming, livestock farming, business and other types of employment; 15% of female are involved in these works. 85% of female are not involved in any income generating activities. This high proportion of women in unpaid work is an indicator of their hardship in their own house, and also their low involvement in economic activities. People are also engaged in foreign employment with most of the youth working abroad.
4.3.6. Agriculture and Cropping Pattern 95. As known from field discussion with the local people, they grow cereal crops like rice, wheat, maize, millet and buckwheat along with pulses like lentils, soybeans, beans and vegetables like potato, cabbage, cauliflower, garlic and onion. Rice-Wheat-Fallow and Rice- Wheat-Maize were major cropping pattern of Khet land and Maize/finger millet-fallow and Maize/finger millet-Wheat was major cropping pattern in Bari land in the project area. People have recently started to grow seasonal vegetables. Project area has been identified as the pocket area for Junar (Citrus sinensis) farming. With the upgrading of the road, transportation of these products will become easy.
4.3.7. Livestock 96. Livestock is closely associated with agricultural occupation of the population, hence is an integral part of agriculture for their livelihood. Those who have adopted agriculture as their main occupation, used to hold the livestock as well, as such 91.5 % of the households have held livestock. Majority of the HH have raised local breeds of all kinds of livestock such as cattle, buffaloes, goats, and pigs. Improved breeds of cows and buffaloes were raised by a negligible number of HH.
4.3.8. Migration Pattern 97. Table 22 shows the status of migration among the surveyed households. About 74.1% respondents were found living in the own village for many years. Likewise, among the respondents, only 15.3% of the respondent had stayed outside their homes of over 6 months and only 8.8% had stayed out of the country for more than 6 months.
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Table 22: Migration Status in the ZoI Migration Status No. of Respondents Total Percentage Male Female Not been away (lived continuously) 84 42 126 74.1 Been away for above 6 months in Nepal 24 5 26 15.3 Been away for above 6 months outside Nepal 12 3 15 8.8 Total 120 50 170 100.0 Source: HH Survey Data, 2016 98. Both in-migration and out-migration were reported in the project area. According to latest census (CBS, 2011), 231 male and 41 female are absent in then Phulasi VDC. The reasons of absentism have been found to be private jobs (60%), government jobs (10%), education (15%) and others. Permanent migration takes places generally to the district headquarter in Manthali, plane areas in the Terai and the capital city, Kathmandu. Likewise, from all settlements, people migrate seasonally from Shrawan to Poush mainly in various parts of Nepal like Kathmandu, Dhulikhel, Banepa as well as various parts of India to work as wage labours and guards. Going abroad for employment is more common these days among the youths. The major destinations in order of preference are Middle-East, India and Malaysia
4.3.9. Public Health and Sanitation 99. Health care service is being delivered by a Health Posts along the road alignment. District level government facilities are available in Ramechhap and Bamti. According to the District Health Office (2072), the major health problems of the area are pulmonary obstructions/respiratory tract infection, skin diseases, diarrhea, gastritis, ear infection, helmenthiasis, typhoid and others. The health status of people has improved because of increased awareness towards health and sanitation.
100. Ramechhap District has been enforcing prohibition on open defecation by providing technical and financial support for household to build their own toilet. As of 2011, more than 66% of the households had built permanent toilet (CBS, 2011). As understood from conversation with the ward secretaries and Focus Group Discussion held in the project area, the some rural households are yet to build permanent toilet.
4.3.10. Public Service Infrastructures and Facilities 101. Drinking Water Supply: Piped drinking water facilities are available to almost all the settlements in the ZoI. The water supply generally use spring sources located at higher elevations. The water is conveyed by pipes from the sources to the public taps through gravity flow. These taps are located in common places so that each serves a particular number of households. Some houses have managed private connection. CBS, 2011 shows that 72.2% of the families have been relying on tap/piped supply while remaining 27.8 % have been relying on well, spout or stream water.
102. Education: The project area has various levels of educational institutions and all are managed by community (Government Institutions). There are altogether 10 formal educational institutions in the project area including a higher secondary school (Shree Kali Devi Higher Secondary School) in Manthali-14 and a secondary school (Shree Secondary School) in
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Manthali-13. Only one school was sited near the road alignment and that was in Chinde Village. All the schools are fairly far to be affected by the construction activities.
103. Communication: Communication facility has infiltrated to almost all the areas in the project area through mobile services of various types. The cable phones used in the past are losing popularity due to easily accessible mobile network. Radio, FM and Television networks have come within the access of local people. Internet service and printed media is yet to gain popularity in the area. There is one additional post office at each of the project area.
104. Electricity and Lighting: Electricity supply has reached to almost all the settlements through national grid line.
105. Fuel Wood: Fuel wood is still the common source of cooking energy with more than 97% dependent on it. While some people have managed to grow trees in the backyard but still large number of these fuelwood dependent people rely on surrounding forests managed as community forests. However with the growing access, the conventional fuel is losing popularity and people have started catering towards modern fuel like Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) for cooking purpose.
106. Road and Transportation: Project area is well connected with the district headquarter and other parts of Nepal by road network.
107. Irrigation: The road is aligned in higher elevations near the ridge of the hill and hence, the areas along the road alignment are mostly dependent on seasonal irrigation from rainwater for agriculture. The seasonal kholsis have been the major source of irrigation along the road alignment. The reconstruction works need to consider the irrigation canals at various places.
108. Health Care System: Health care service is being delivered by a Sub-Health Posts along the road alignment. District level government facilities are available in Ramechhap and Bamti. People also go to cities, especially Dhulikhel and Kathmandu with more equipped and advanced services in case of complex health problems. People also believe in local faith healers, Dhamis and Jhakris.
109. Market Centers: There are no major market centers in even along the road alignment. Local market center is available in Pokharidada along the road alignment which has shops of daily commodities, garments and restaurants. The major market centers are Milti, Manthali, Ramechhap and Charikot which are fairly far but but connected with road network.
110. Business and Industries: The project area lacks major industries however there are various other types of businesses selling goods and services in the local area, especially shop stalls of various types like garments, construction materials, groceries, restaurants, liquors, cosmetics, tailor etc. The area has the potentiality of agrobased industries such as juice production and food processing (related with Junar), broom as well as furniture and bamboo crafts.
111. Financial Institutions: There is one saving and credit cooperatives located in ward 13 of Manthali Municipality (then ward 5 of Phulasi VDC) within the ZoI. Major Banks are available in the district headquarter only.
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112. Other Infrastructures: Community use structures like ghat (Cremation sites) and water mills (4 nos) are available in the project area but are far from the road alignment. Playground and community centers are found in most of the settlements along the road alignment.
113. Religious and Cultural Sites: Most of the settlements have a religious and cultural site depending on the dominant religion and ethnicity. There are altogether 3 Gumbas and 4 (Temples) in the project area. However, these shrines are fairly far from the road alignment to be affected by the road construction activities.
114. Non-Governmental Organization and Activities: A number of NGOs, clubs, mother groups, cooperatives, forest user groups, credit and saving groups, etc are working in the field of emergency management, water supply, sanitation, disaster, sports, women awareness, capital mobilization, rural livelihood and income generating activities in the project area.
4.3.11. Food Sufficiency 115. According to the household survey of 170 households, only around 2 % of the families in the ZoI are able to save part of their production while majority have to rely on other resorts to fill up the deficiency. Such resorts include small businesses, wage labour, services and remittance. The data on food sufficiency in the settlements along the road alignment shows that 63 % HHs have food sufficient for less than three months, 23 % HHs for 3-6 months, 8 % HHs for 6-9 months and 4 % HHs for 9-12 months (HH Survey, 2016).
4.3.12. Potential Development Areas 116. All the settlements along the proposed road alignment and its neighbourhood have immense potential of citrus furits (especially Citrus sinensis/Junar), vegetable and other cash crops (like amriso and cardamom) production. Likewise, Pokhari (Pond) located at Ch 16+140 at the hilltop at Pokharidanda at an elevation of 1859m als can be developed as a Mountain View Point to attract domestic and foreign tourists. The road also serves as the transit route to reach western parts of Ramechhap like Dadhuwa, Doramba, Puranagau, Bhadaure, Pinkhuri, etc. Besides, people from all the settlements will be directly benefited through development in agriculture, education, health and food security sector.
4.3.13. Project Affected Families 117. Among the total 262 land plots to be acquired for road widening, 225 plots are privately owned by 160 individuals. Ten private structures will also be affected during the reconstruction. The socio-economic status of the affected families as studied through census survey is presented here. Among the 160 families, only 110 (68.75%) families could be interviewed because the remaining 50 families were absent or living outside the study area. Please refer Appendix 12 for the name of the head of the project affected families.
118. Demographic Profile: The interviewed households have 827 populations with 440 male and 386 female and average family size of 7.52. Among them, 52 are Brahmin/Chhetri, 48 are Janajati and 10 Dalits. Only 29 of the households are headed by female.
119. Occupation: The survey showed that the all of the affected families are engaged in agricultural activity but the harvest is solely for household consumption. Thus, the affected families’ economy is assessed by measuring food sufficiency and income from different
36 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap livelihood strategies adopted. The agricultural income included sale of grains and livestock but on situation basis, not a commercial activity. Livestock is the major cash-back agricultural activity of the families. The major source of income among the affected families is not land based but from non-agricultural sector. The major sources of income are small business activities like teashop, grocery shop, wage labor, remittances, job in different institutions, pension and government allowances. The members of the affected families are mostly in Gulf countries, India, Malaysia and Cyprus whose income plays a crucial role in their family.
120. Land holding: Among the household surveyed, 34 HH had less than 0.5 ha of land, 38 HH had 0.5-1 ha of land and 38 had more than 1 ha of land. The average land holding of the affected households is 0.994 ha. And this will reduce to 0.963 ha after land acquisition by the subproject. Out of 110 interviewed affected households, 38 households will lose more than 5% of total land holding. On average, these households will lose 308.78 sq.m. of their land for the subproject.
121. Food Sufficiency: The food sufficiency of the affected families from their own land is 7.755 months per year in an average. There are few families who have less than 6 months of food sufficiency. However, after losing land to the subproject 65 families will fall in the category of less than 6 months food sufficiency. The food supply during the deficit period is covered through income from non-agricultural sectors which have major income share in the total family economy. Table 23 gives the details of the food sufficiency and other income level.
Table 23: Food Sufficiency and Income level of the Affected Households Food Sufficiency Frequency Percent <3 Months 2 1.82 3-6 Months 20 18.18 6-9 Months 62 56.36 9-12 Months 26 23.64 Average (Months) 7.755 Source: Household Survey, 2016 122. Income: Table 24 reveals that agricultural is for subsistence purpose. The non- agricultural income occupies the maximum (64.27 %) share in the family cash income.
Table 24: Income level of the Affected Households Income by Source Frequency Percent 1. Agriculture Income (HH) <12000 23 20.91 12000-25000 12 10.91 >25000 75 68.18 Average (NRs) 71445.455 2. Non-Agriculture Income (HH) <12000 24 21.82 12000-25000 15 13.64 >25000 71 64.55 Average (NRs) 128520.109
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3. Total Income (HH) <25000 1 0.91 25000-50000 7 6.36 >50000 102 92.73 Average (NRs) 199965.564 Source: Household Survey, 2016 123. Cultural Resources: The survey shows that 48 families belong to Janajati group. These Janajati families have their own language, customs and traditions. They celebrate festivals like Maghe Sankranti, Buddha Jayanti, Loshar in addition to popular Hindu festivals as per their belief. There are no significant cultural resources on the land to be acquired by the subproject. None of the Janajati family responded that there will be any disturbances or impact on their customary rights due to subproject intervention.
124. General Access to Service Facilities: Each family is active in community participation and they are affiliated to at least two community institutions. They visit local and district headquarter as per their need. The members are educated as high as Masters level. Every household has a toilet and all the children are immunized. These show that the affected families along the road alignment are well informed, have access to social networks and benefits and are mobile in their everyday life.
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5. IMPACTS OF RECONSTRUCTION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION ON ENVIRONMENT 125. The impacts are examined on the basis of baseline condition of project area and likely impacts during construction and operation phases. Such impacts have been identified based on site observation, field survey & information obtained from the stakeholders and few were identified from value judgment. The impacts are evaluated in terms of their magnitude, extent and duration.
126. Adverse and beneficial impacts that are not identified or anticipated at this stage, if latter discovered during the construction and operation stage of the project shall be duly taken care of by the proponent.
5.1. Beneficial Impacts and Augmentation Measures
5.1.1. Beneficial Impacts during Construction Phase Employment Opportunities 127. As derived from the design report of the sub-project, during construction, the project will generate 179,490 persondays of temporary employment opportunities that constitutes 167,710 persondays of unskilled and 11,750 persondays of skilled workers including engineers and technicians, 30 persondays of an operator. People will be required for excavation, spreading, concrete works, gabion weaving, transportation, supervision and management during construction of this project and local people based on their qualification and skill will have additional income opportunities. The district rate for skilled labour, unskilled labour, foreman/operator and heavy driver is NRs 670, 535, 670 and 600 per day respectively. The envisaged impact will be direct, local, short term in nature, having high magnitude and hence will be very significant.
Enhancement of Technical Skills 128. Through regular orientation during the course of involvement in the subproject, the workers will be able to develop additional knowledge and skill on building roads and associated structures at climate/disaster resilient standard. These standards are sure to be the part of minimum standard in every development activities to take place in the future. These skills will encourage the locals in getting long-term employment opportunities. The envisaged impact will be indirect, local, long term in nature, having medium magnitude and will be significant.
Increased Trade and Business Opportunities 129. During construction period, different types of commercial activities will come into operation in order to meet the demand of construction crew. In general, the enterprises will include food and tea shops, groceries, lodges and restaurants for serving construction crews. The demand for local products such as pulses, milk, meat, vegetables, fruits etc. will rise during the construction period which may provide added impetus for local production and marketing. This will contribute to the local rural economy and may help reduce rural poverty. Such benefits may contribute to enterprise development, which often continues to entrench beyond construction
39 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap period. The envisaged impact will be indirect, local, short term in nature, having medium magnitude and will be significant.
5.1.2. Beneficial Impacts during Operation Phase Improved Accessibility and Reduced Travelling/Transportation Time and Cost 130. Reconstruction will improve the road condition and facilitate smooth operation of vehicles all year round reducing the travel time and cost significantly. Good quality of road and structures will give rise to number of public vehicles and competition thereby resulting low transportation cost. Once the road is in smooth operation, people will have cheap and easy access for various goods such as seeds, chemical fertilizer and technology leading to increase in agricultural production and diversification as well as their market. The envisaged impact will be direct, local and the long terms having high magnitude hence will be very significant.
Promotion of Agro-enterprise 131. Road access is crucial for socio-economic recovery of the earthquake affected communities. With the smooth operation of the road, a reliable access will be established with the rural villages and people will have cheap and easy access for various goods such as seeds, chemical fertilizer and technology leading to increase in agricultural production and diversification as well as their market. This will promote agro-based (crops and horticulture) and livestock based (dairy and meat) enterprises which have higher prospects in the area. The envisaged impact will be indirect, regional and long term having high magnitude, hence will be very significant.
Increase in Trade, Commerce and Development of Market centers 132. There is a possibility of increased economic opportunities and significant growth and extension of the minor local markets along the road like in Pokharidada, Chinde, Jamune and other places. Number of shops, their business volume and diversity in business type will be accelerated with improved access. The farmers will be more interested to increase agricultural production due to market accessibility. Similarly, there will be diversification in occupational pattern of local people, who are till now mainly dependent on subsistence farming. This will lessen pressure on local natural resources. There will be many non-farm employment opportunities for the growing rural population especially for IPs and occupational caste groups due to extension of market center and development of small towns. The project will have indirect, long term, local and high benefits.
Access to Public Services and Basic Utilities 133. The upgrading of road will provide unobstructed and reliable access to different basic facilities like education, health, market, etc to the people of western part of Ramechhap District through sufficient means of transportation for daily conveyance. People of remote villages of the western part of the district will have easy access to Manthali, Charikot and other places for bigger health care facility, so is the case for markets centers. Smooth road will ease the vehicular movement and immediate service of ambulance. The envisaged impact upon education, health and others will be direct, long term, regional, of medium magnitude, hence will be very significant.
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Benefits from Increased Land Value 134. As per the discussion with local people, real estate business is rare and existing land value is variable depending on proximity to existing and planned road. However, upgrading of the road will lead to appreciation of land values particularly along road alignment due to the reliable transportation facilities. The price is expected to be increased by two to three folds depending on proximity to the road. This might be enhanced by increased crop production, business and enterprise development in study area and increased land value also enhances farmer's capability for banking transaction. This in turn will uplift the economic condition of the local people. The envisaged impact will be indirect, local and long term having medium magnitude, hence will be very significant.
Promotion of Tourism 135. There are some places of touristic importance along the road corridor such as Ch 16+140 where the Pokhari (Pond) is located at the hilltop at an elevation of 1859m als. The place also offers clear view of mountains of the Gaurishankar Range. Moreover, the indigenous Tamang community and their cultures can be another attraction of cultural tourists. Increase in tourist flow along the road will bring additional economic opportunity related with services required by national and foreign tourists.
Women Empowerment 136. All the people will be benefited from the reconstruction of the road. However, women may be benefited more from improved access to the market centers and various service providing agencies like health centers, banks, training institutions, women development office etc. Frequency of visit to such agencies will increase awareness level and empower them. The project will have indirect, significant, local and long-term impact.
Conservation and Environmental Awareness 137. The major objective of the project is to build back safer infrastructures that are able to withstand future disasters and impacts of climate change. This requires general awareness among the local people about conservation of the local environment. So, imparting conservation awareness to the local people for safeguarding the reconstructed infrastructure will enable them to conserve overall environment.
5.2. Adverse Impacts and Mitigation Measures
5.2.1. Impacts during Pre-construction Phase and Mitigation Measures 138. The mitigation measures adopted during design or pre-construction phases are preventive in nature with two basic objectives.
Avoid costly corrective and/or compensatory measures. Increase awareness among the stakeholders for the environmental management. Route Selection 139. Since, this is an existing road and proposed for rehabilitation, there is no new route selection rather than designing geometrical improvements (as required) and widening of the road
41 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap formation to the specified width. Local conditions (structures, switchback, lay-byes, mass balancing and safe disposal site for the excess excavated material, community utilities, slopes, sensitive spots etc) were taken into consideration as to which side widening should take place in order to minimize land acquisition from forest, cultivable lands, settlements and cultural properties.
Detail Survey and Design 140. The road design has followed the national rural road standards developed by DoLIDAR. The works will be executed through Contractor selected through National Competitive Bidding. Bio-engineering techniques will be applied for stabilization of slopes, which is sustainable, environmental friendly and can be done by using local resources and manpower. The survey team has selected the least valuable, least agriculturally productive land for the lay-bys and improvement and took care to avoid the demolition of houses. These changes have been designed and incorporated into the subproject detail design. Additionally, all provision proposed in the EMP of IEE document will be properly reflected in the design.
Land and Property Acquisition, Compensation and Resettlement 141. Some private land and property will be acquired for widening of the road to meet the prescribed standard. Of the total land required by the road (7.720 ha), 5.93 ha is under private ownership. However, 4.98 ha of private land are already acquired by the existing road which need deed transfer and another 0.95 ha of additional private land is required for upgrading this road alignment. According to the cadastral survey report, there are total 262 land plots to be acquired by the subproject. Among the total land plots, 3 plots belong to the government land, 225 plots to 160 the private individual and 38 plots are yet to be identified.
142. Altogether 10 structures belonging to 13 owners will be affected by the road subproject. The affected structures include a residential structure (Ch 11+220), a residence with small business activity (Ch 15+640), 2 bamboo cottages (Ch 8+450 and Ch 8+585), a shed (Ch 12+880), 2 protection walls (Ch 2+140 and Ch 12+070) and porches/balconies of 3 structures (Ch 8+730, Ch 11+350 and Ch 15+450). The affected structures are built in their own private land; however 1 structure (Ch 15+640) is built of CGI sheets on the land of Shreekali Devi Primary School in which 4 families operate small shop.
143. Altogether 297 trees including and 120 bamboo clumps need to be cleared from private land.
144. Land will also be required for temporary facilities like construction/labour camps, stockpiling area, warehouse, etc.
5.2.2. Adverse Impacts during Construction Phase Socio-economic and Cultural Environment Loss or Degradation of Farm Land and Productivity 145. The sup-project will permanently acquire 0.950 ha of additional agricultural land and convert it into built-up area. Moreover, spoil on farmland will also affect the production of agricultural crops. It is clear that the loss of crops from the land acquired by the project will
42 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap have adverse impact on the financial stability of the affected households who are dependent on the agricultural productivity of their land. The impact is expected to be direct, high in magnitude, local in extent and of long term in duration.
Impact on Social Services and Community Infrastructures 146. Construction activities are likely to affect the irrigation canals (kulo) down and across the road alignment. These envisaged impacts of the project will be direct, site specific, short term and of high magnitude hence will be very significant.
Occupational Health and Safety measures 147. During the construction phase, the construction workforces will be exposed to a number of constructions related health risks and hazards. Fugitive emissions (harmful smoke and gases from vehicles and equipments), noise and physical injury during construction works may cause serious health impact. Unsafe drinking water, unhygienic sanitary condition (i.e. lack of the latrine and sanitary facilities) in the construction camp can increase the risk of additional and endemic diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery and cholera. The envisaged impact will be direct, local and short term having high magnitude hence will be very significant.
Prevalence of Communicable Diseases 148. Certain communicable diseases like flue, influenza, diarrhea, dysentery, etc. might be transmitted by the outside workers. Workers sharing the same camp facility are at higher risk of such diseases. Intimacy between workers and local people may spread diseases like HIV/AIDS and STDs. The envisaged impact will be indirect, regional and long term having medium magnitude, hence will be very significant.
Conflict between Locals and Outside Workers 149. Conflict may arise between the local people and outside labours during the project construction. Presence of nonnative people may not be welcomed by the local residents. Additionally, the construction workers may involve in gambling, alcoholism etc and eventually may get into conflict among themselves or with the surrounding people. Similarly, workforce from outside may not be familiar with the local culture of the project area and the disagreement may take the form of argument ultimately creating conflict with local people. The envisaged impact will be direct, local, short term, of low magnitude, hence will be insignificant.
Gender Discrimination 150. As known from local consultation, discrepancy is already prevalent in the project area in wage distribution among male and female labour forces. It is very likely that similar treatment is continued while reimbursing the construction workforce involving the local. The envisaged impact will be direct, local, short term, of medium magnitude, hence will be significant.
Physical Environment Change in Land Use Pattern 151. The existing present land use pattern of the project area will be changed due to the implementation of the sub-project. 0.950 ha of additional private/agricultural land, 0.041 ha of
43 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap additional barren land and 0.622 ha of additional forest land (including a RF and two CF) will be permanently changed to concrete and paved structure. The envisaged impact will be direct, site specific, long term, of high magnitude, hence will be very significant.
Stockpiling, Spoil Disposal and Transportation of Material 152. The major construction materials are suitable materials, cement, sand and aggregate. Stockpiling of the materials will create a major issue in the area as barren public land are already lacking in the area. Hence, some environmental implications are envisaged on air, water and land due to stockpiling and storage of the construction materials.
153. As per the design report of the sub-project, about 264,081.91 cu.m of spoil is expected to be generated from cutting and excavation of road and drains and some of the spoil, 17,091.15 cu.m, will be used in filling road. Surplus volume needs to be managed properly.
154. Although, limited quantity of material will be used for construction, and some of the spoil will be used up, there may be some environmental implication of temporary storage of these materials as well as their permanent disposal.
Quarrying and Extraction of the River Bed Material 155. Suitable materials including fill materials, base material and sub-base and pavement material will be required for road construction and most of them can be derived from the excavated materials by crushing and refining. Besides these materials, boulders and river-based aggregates and sand will be required for gravelling road, building retaining walls, RCC culverts, side drains and drain covers and other road features. These materials have to be sourced by quarrying from rocky areas along the road alignment and nearby rivers as listed in the Table 3 in Chapter 2. The potential adverse impacts of quarrying are accelerated erosion, landslides, disturbance in natural drainage patterns, water logging and water pollution. Inappropriate operation of quarry sites and overexploitation can adversely impact to adjoining area as well as the river. The envisaged impact will be direct, short term, site specific, of high magnitude, hence will be very significant.
Impact on Air Quality (Air Pollution) 156. Diesel generator, machinery equipment, excavators, dozers and transportation vehicles may introduce the fugitive & combustion emissions into atmosphere. As the project site lies in dry location, dust emission can be expected to be high. Smoke & Dust will also affect the road site, vegetation, local people residing along alignment and workers. The envisaged direct impact due to air pollution will be, site specific and short terms and of medium significance hence will be insignificant.
Impact on Water Quality (Water Pollution) 157. During construction, water bodies may be polluted by spoil and construction wastes, open defecation in natural streams by construction workers. Furthermore, inappropriate use, storage & application of chemicals (i.e. fuel, lubricants, oils and other materials) for the construction and construction equipments may cause soil, surface and ground water pollution.
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These envisaged impacts due to the water pollution will be direct, local and short term in nature and having moderate magnitude, hence will be significant.
Noise Pollution 158. During the construction period, operation of machines, excavators, rock breakers, power tiller, roller, transporting vehicles, trucks and other construction equipments will increase the existing noise level causing noise pollution. The envisaged direct impact will be, site specific, short term, local and of medium magnitude hence will be significant.
Impact due to Solid Waste Generation 159. Construction activities will produce solid wastes such as synthetic materials and some forms of inorganic wastes, whereas, domestic activities will produce mainly food wastes and excretory wastes. Improper dumping and management of these wastes can result in unpleasant odors, deterioration of water quality in the river water and groundwater, visual impacts that can cause health related hazards to the local inhabitants. The envisaged impact will be direct, site specific, short term, of high magnitude, hence will be very significant.
Campsite Management 160. As the sub-project is being executed through construction contractor, camps will be required to house construction labour. Sitting of camps may cause encroachment of forest, agriculture land, and alteration of drainage, solid and liquid waste and waste water problems. The construction crew will need services like water supply, electricity, telephone, provision shop, health facilities, fuel, etc. which they will have to utilize from the existing facilities in the area. This may create pressure on the existing common resources; especially water supply, electricity and health service are already limited. Impact will be direct, of medium significance, site specific and for short-term.
Biological Environment Loss of Forest and Vegetation 161. In total, 0.622 ha of additional forestland will be acquired for the sub-project. Altogether 70 trees (dbh>10cm) of 5 different species likewise Sal (Shorea robusta), Uttis (Alnus nepalensis), Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Khote Salla (Pinus roxburghii) and Khirro (Sapium insigne) belonging to the two CFUGs need to be felled at Ch 0+280 to 0+900, 1+500 to 2+280; and 4+400 to 6+040, 6+500 to 7+950. Similarly, 39 trees of 3 different species likewise Khote Salla (Pinus roxburghii), Uttis (Alnus nepalensis) and Dale ghas (Garuga pinnata) belonging to a RFUG need to be felled Ch 13+180 to 13+500 and 13+940 to 15+350. In total, 297 trees of 7 different species and 120 clumps of bamboo at various chainages belonging to 53 different owners need to be felled from private land. (Please refer Table 25) Commercial felling of Sal and Okhar is banned by national law.
162. Additionally, the construction crews may get to the community and religious forest along the road alignment for firewood collection and they can filch valuable floras. The envisaged impact of the proposed construction works on vegetation will be direct or indirect, local, short
term, of medium significance, hence will be significant.
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Table 25: Trees to be felled at different chainages Chainages Name of Name of Species to Scientific Name Number of Forest be Felled Trees to be Felled 0+280 to Shree Sal Shorea robusta 7 1+500 and Sheradevi Uttis Alnus nepalensis 3 0+900 to CF Khote Salla Pinus roxburghii 9 2+280 Khirro Sapium insignae 1 Total no of trees for Shree Sheradevi CF 20 4+400 to Setidevi Uttis Alnus nepalensis 5 6+500 and Saunepani Chilaune Schima wallichii 11 6+040 to CF Khote Salla Pinus roxburghii, 34 7+950 Total no of trees for Setidevi Saunepani CF 50 13+180 to Shree Hari Khote Salla Pinus roxburghii 6 13+500 and Siddhi Uttis Alnus nepalensis 32 13+940 to Religious Dale Ghas Garuga pinnata 1 15+350 Forest Total no of trees for Shree Hari Siddhi 39 Group Religious Forest Total 109 0+165 to Private Various species including 120 bamboo clumps 417 13+720 owners (Refer Appendix 8d) 163. Source: Field Survey, 2016
Hunting and Poaching of Common, Rare, Endangered and Threatened Species of Fauna 164. Although infrequently, common, rare, endangered and threatened animal and birds visit the area. Of the wildlife species reported, 10 are rare and protected (by CITES and IUCN Red List). Visiting birds and animals could be disturbed due to construction activities. Workforce may involve in hunting and poaching activities at nearby community forest during construction. This anticipated impact will be indirect, local, short term, having medium magnitude, hence will be significant.
Construction related disturbance to local wildlife 165. Construction related activities like slope excavation in forest area, presence of large number of human at once and increased frequency of vehicles and equipmets along the road will disturb the wildlife visiting the area specifically along the sections where the road passes along the forest. This anticipated impact will be direct, local, short term, having medium magnitude, hence will be significant.
5.2.3. Adverse Impacts during Operation Phase Socio-economic and Cultural Environment Ribbon Settlement along the Project Alignment 166. There is a possibility of gathering of commercial activities and settlements from hinterland to road alignment. There are chances of erecting new and haphazard settlements along the improved road infrastructure to open marketing options and reap the increased trade
46 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap and business opportunities. This practice could disturb the traffic, promote encroachment of the RoW (Right of Way), increase possibility of accidents, decline the aesthetic value and reduce the overall capacity of road. If such practices are not controlled by enforcing specific legal actions, the envisaged impact will be indirect, site specific, long term, of high magnitude, hence will be very significant.
Road Safety Measures 167. Frequent movement of vehicles along the road increases the chance of accidents. Inadequate provision of the road safety measures like lack of signals and lack of enforcement of traffic rules during operation period may invite accidents. Road sections near local market and schools are often crowded inviting chances of accidents. The envisaged impact will be direct, site specific, long term, of high magnitude, hence will be very significant.
Biological Aspects Encroachment and Depletion of Forest 168. The forest resources depletion may occur due to ineffective drainage works, inappropriate spoil disposal and construction practices. The development of market centers may lead to encroachment of forest eventually exerting pressure on forest resources. To meet the increasing needs of the forest products, illegal felling/cutting of poles and trees may occur. Operation of road may increase in timber smuggling due to easy access and easy transportation facilities. The impact will be indirect, moderate, local and long term in nature.
Physical Environment Slope Stability and Drainage Management 169. The road alignment passes along a hilly terrain of the mid-hills. The existing slides and slumps may be triggered during heavy rainfall situations. Sensitive areas for possible road slope failure are at Ch 2+000 to 2+100, Ch 3+640 to 3+700, Ch 11+250 to 11+280 and Ch 12+800 to 12+860). Additionally, there is possibility of slope instability caused by the opening of branch roads connecting village settlement with municipality funding. Likewise, inadequate maintenance of the road, blockage of drains and human activities such as grazing and irrigation water may cause slides and slope failure. The impact will be direct, high, local and long term in nature.
Impact due to Air, Water and Noise Pollution 170. Increased number of additional vehicles due to availability of easy road access can cause air and noise pollution. The noise of horns from vehicles can cause problem to nearby community. Washing of vehicles in natural streams may cause contamination in drinking water sources. As this road falls under DRCN, the vehicular movement is not expected to be very high, the overall impact of will be direct, low, site specific and long term in nature.
5.3. Climate Change Impacts 171. Climate change is an inevitable fact which needs to be considered for future planning, construction and maintenance of roads especially in hilly and mountainous areas which are more vulnerable to climate change than the plain areas. According to MoE/NAPA (2010) vulnerability
47 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap assessment, Ramechhap District is ranked very highly vulnerable (second among 75 districts) based on overall vulnerability index. As evident from the preliminary climate screening (Appendix 2b), Devitar-Phulasipokhari section of Devitar-Doramba-Paseban-Kolibagar road is highly vulnerable to environmental and climate change attributes, such as change in precipitation, higher rainfall intensity causing flood accelerated soil erosion and landslides.
172. Impacts of climate change on road infrastructure as screeded through Checklist for Preliminary Climate Risk Screening will be as follows:
Due to the slope stability conditions on roadside at different chainages (chainages stated above), the routing of the project is likely to be affected by extreme weather events like heavy rainfall. Road drainage could be of inadequate size or very frequently blocked causing damage to the road calling for regular maintenance and cleaning of the drains. Due to regular humid codition, the movement of heavy vehicles is likely to create potholes on the road calling for regular maintenance and maintenance costs could be considerably higher for the gravel roads. Climate change could cause an increase in hydro-meteorological extreme events such as storms, landslides, debris flows, that could greatly affect roads in mountain region causing blockages. 5.4. Cumulative Impact 173. Cumulative impact is the sum of project impacts and interaction impacts of a single large scale project or multiple projects of similar or different nature. No other major projects have been reported within the ZoI of the Devitar-Phulasipokhari road section. So the assessment of cumulative impacts considers the impacts due to interaction of impacts of this very project only. The following cumulative impacts may arise due to the reconstruction activities in the surrounding of Devitar-Phulasipokhari road sub-project in Ramechhap district.
5.4.1. Beneficial Impacts 174. The availablitiy of the employment in the neighbourhood will reduce the migration of local people to other parts of the country, as well as to foreign countries for wagebased labour. The amount of money that is earned in wages will directly enhance the operation of various economic activities and enterprise development in a chained manner creating other income generating activities. Similarly, the skill and knowledge acquired during road construction will enhance employment opportunities. Such trained manpower can earn livelihoods from similar project in future.
175. Reconstruction of road will enhance the access of people by reducing travel time and costs as well as quick transportation of goods. Various farm-based enterprises, including a wide range of agricultural and livestock products will also gain momentum as a result of transportation facilities. Vegetables, fruits, cash crops, sale of farm, fruit and livestock products will be increased in almost all the settlements along the road corridor. Similarly, there will be diversification in occupational pattern of local people, who are till now mainly dependent on subsistence farming. This will lessen pressure on local natural resources.
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176. Due to an increase in employment opportunities, trade, business and agricultural income, money will be channeled into the local economy. This will increase income level of the individual household and the local community. It is possible that some money may be spent by the individual for community development activities such as education, school, health and sanitation services.
5.4.2. Adverse Impacts 177. Fresh cuts also invite landslides and erosion, particularly during monsoon. The common likely problems from inappropriate disposal of spoils are gullying and erosion of spoil tips especially when combined with unmanaged surface water runoff, damage to farm lands and crops as well as property at downhill. The concentrated water from the road outlet causes erosion and landslide eventually affecting the stability of the road.
178. This sub-project passes through religious and community forests. There will be vegetation loss from the forests during construction of the road. Increase in vehicular movement will further affect the movements of wildlife. Total 406 trees and 120 clumps of bamboo need to be cut down from the two community forests, one religious forest and private land. Felling of trees, further change in land use due to potential trading opportunity and increased number of vehicles will lead to high GHGs emission as well as low carbon sequestration. Similarly, change in land use might accelerate soil erosion.
179. Loss of private properties, crops and trees from the land acquired by the project will have adverse impact on the financial stability of the affected households. Increased opportunities for trade and commerce along the roadside will attract people to build shops, restaurants, stalls and hotels and may encroach RoW. Movement of vehicles in the road may invite accidents.
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6. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 180. The aim of the project is to reconstruct and rehabilitate existing road and revive the transportation network for the promotion of fast and safe connectivity. The following alternatives were considered to achieve the project’s objectives in environment friendly manner:
6.1. No Action Option
181. Devitar – Phulasipokhari Road already exists and is serving the western parts of Ramechhap District like Dadhuwa, Doramba, Puranagau, Bhadaure, Pinkhuri, etc along with the former Phulasi VDC (Current wards 13 and 14 of Manthali Municipality) across which it traverses. For the existing pavement condition and geometry of the road, travelling and transportation has been difficult and time-consuming. Around 15 vehicles pass through the road daily loading the local air with dusts in dry season and muddening the road during the rainy season. If the sub-project is not implemented, the existing condition of the road will persist and so is the hardship of the local people traveling through the road and living by the side of the road, local people will be deprived from mainstream of development through improved access and the direct and indirect benefit that implementation of this proposal would bring. No action option will avoid the possible environmental implications but the hardship people are currently facing outweighs the environmental cost of implementing the sub-project. So, no project option is avoided.
6.2. Project Alternative 182. Road has no other alternatives for local access. The primary objective of the project is to rehabilitate existing rural road and provide easy and all weather connectivity by reconstructing and upgrading the existing infrastructure. As the road already exists but is unable to provide full- fledged service for its poor surface condition and geometry, it is indispensable to maintain and upgrade it to render it serviceable all weather. So the reconstruction and upgrading has no other alternatives.
6.3. Alternative Alignment 183. By nature, it is a rehabilitation and reconstruction sub-project. The road already exists, although in partly damaged condition due to land failure triggered by earthquake, and vehicles plying in most sections limited during fair weather. It aims at improving the condition of existing road by rehabilitating damaged sections, widening and gravelling it. Moreover, the existing alignment does not cross major stream or river and passes through the major settlements of northwestern part of Ramechhap. It is also assumed that the existing alignment has been considered the best among all the alternatives considered during design. Therefore, other alternative alignment has not been surveyed at this phase.
6.4. Alternative Design and Construction Approach 184. Alternative design based on lane/formation width was considered. Based on the significance of the road as being an important road connecting major settlements of Phulasi VDC and few VDC towards the west and the projected traffic volume according to existing
50 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap traffic volume and also considering the Nepal Rural Road Standard (NRRS, 2012), the formation width of 6.25 m was considered.
185. For the exigency of the infrastructure, it will be reconstructed by employing a construction contractor with deployment of necessary equipments for timely delivery of the work. Nonetheless, the contractor will be made to utilize local people as construction workforce and respect the environmental sensitivity of such hilly terrain.
6.5. Alternative Schedule and Process 186. A construction schedule (i.e. 15 months) has been proposed taking the climatic and drainage condition of the area into consideration. During the rainy season, construction work is stopped to allow the natural compaction of the road. Collection of sand and aggregates from the river bed during dry period will minimize the impacts on river water quality & downstream aquatic ecology and hence the schedule of construction is proposed accordingly.
6.6. Alternative Resources 187. The physical resource requirements include stone for gabions, dry masonry walls and stone pitching. Stones are available in nearby areas of various sections of the road, whereas fine aggregates, sand will be sourced from Tamakhoshi River. The pavement construction, earthwork, construction of simple structures such as side drains, gabion walls, bioengineering works, etc will be carried out manually. The contractor in his discretion will use necessary equipment and human resources for timely delivery of the work.
6.7. No Forest Option 188. While selecting the alignment, no forest option was also considered, under which the project would have no impact on the community and religious guthi forest. However, as it is simple reconstruction of the existing road alignment, the widening of the road to prescribed standard is expected to affect a very narrow strip of forest at few shorter sections. Realignment of the road to avoid forest area is expected to affect larger parcel of private land that increase compensation and resettlement cost. Moreover, even if the road is realigned, it is sure to encounter some forest along the way. Additional forest to be affected by the project is only about 0.62 ha.
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7. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MITIGATION AND MINIMIZATION TECHNIQUE 189. For the impacts, practical mitigation measures (or actions) have been proposed to mitigate the possible environmental and social impacts that may result due to project implementation (construction and operation). The proponent of the project has prime responsibility in carrying out the indicated mitigation measures. Keeping in mind the current political and social situation, several of these require sharing of responsibilities with public authorities and local stakeholders.
190. Adverse and beneficial impacts that are not identified or anticipated at this stage, if latter discovered during the construction and operation stage of the project shall be duly taken care of by the proponent.
7.1. Augmentation Measures
7.1.1. Construction Phase Employment Opportunities 191. No augmentation measure has been suggested for this benefit. However, the contractor will be encouraged to give priority to local and marginalized people including women in construction works as per their skills. Women will be employed in compensatory tree plantation for afforestation and slope protection works through bio-engineering.
Enhancement of Technical Skills 192. Workers will acquire additional knowledge through training in material handling, occupational safety, general environment, health and social precautionary measures. The workers will be formally and informally oriented about the specific requirements for climate and disaster resilience.
Increased Trade and Business Opportunities 193. The project will give due priority to the local markets and local products.
7.1.2. Operation Phase Improved Accessibility and Reduced Travelling/Transportation Time and Cost 194. Necessary arrangement will be made for regular inspection and maintenance of the road and its accessorial features with the help of other stakeholders. Bioengineering operation will be continued for the sustainability of the road.
Promotion of Agro-enterprise 195. No augmentation measure has been suggested for this benefit.
Increase in Trade, Commerce and Development of Market centers 196. Manthali Municipality will manage planned growth with required infrastructure facilities for healthy and hygienic environment in the market areas.
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Access to Public Services and Basic Utilities 197. Timely implementation of the sub-project and regular maintenance of the infrastructure will generate the service in time and sustain the service.
Benefits from Increased Land Value 198. The local people will be made aware of the fact that high value land is easily acceptable to the banks and microfinance institutions as a guarantee to provide loans. Local people can start their own business by mortgaging their land.
Promotion of Tourism 199. Awareness raising programs will be conducted in collaboration with concerned stakeholders to support the promotion of tourism activities and infrastructures development of lodges, hotels, restaurants and preferably home stays. People will be oriented about village tourism with home stay provisions for the tourists especially in the homes of highly marginalized Tamang community. A three days homestay management training will be provided to 15 interested people from the project area with a cost of 150,000.00.
Women Empowerment 200. Women will be further empowered through awareness and training programs. The awareness programs will be related to health and sanitation and training program will be related to agriculture and livestock raising. A cost of NRs 100,000.00 has been allocated for empowering women.
Conservation and Environmental Awareness 201. Environmental awareness programmes will be conducted in the project area to aware the local people on value of local natural resources and necessity of conservation of environment. These programs will consist of general training conducted at field level by local conservationists and subject experts through lecture, documentary showcasing and interaction. Total cost of NRs 250,000.00 has been estimated for conducting environmental awareness programs.
7.2. Mitigation Measures
7.2.1. Pre-construction Phase Route Selection 202. Since, this is an existing road and proposed for rehabilitation, there is no new route selection rather than designing geometrical improvements (as required) and widening of the road formation to the specified width. Local conditions (structures, switchback, lay-byes, mass balancing and safe disposal site for the excess excavated material, community utilities, slopes, sensitive spots etc) were taken into consideration as to which side widening should take place in order to minimize land acquisition from forest, cultivable lands, settlements and cultural properties.
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Detail Survey and Design 203. The road design has followed the national rural road standards developed by DoLIDAR. The works will be executed through Contractor selected through National Competitive Bidding. Bio-engineering techniques will be applied for stabilization of slopes, which is sustainable, environmental friendly and can be done by using local resources and manpower. The survey team has selected the least valuable, least agriculturally productive land for the lay-bys and improvement and took care to avoid the demolition of houses. These changes have been designed and incorporated into the subproject detail design. Additionally, all provision proposed in the EMP of IEE document will be properly reflected in the design.
Land and Property Acquisition, Compensation and Resettlement 204. Mitigation for land and property acquisition includes compensation at prevailing market rate. The following measures will be followed:
Compensation will be provided to the land owners on prevailing market rate. The total compensation cost for the land to be acquired based on the rate of Land Revenue Office (LRO) Ramechhap is NRs 38,118,689.12. The time given by the affected household during deed transfer and other purpose will be compensated. The cost of deed transfer assistance and deed transfer fees has been estimated to be 184,888.00. The private structures that will be affected during reconstruction of the road will be compensated at replacement cost. The individual owners will be provided the cost. The total physical compensation amount of the affected structures is NRs 1,418,295.58. Compensation will be provided for the standing crop in the affected private plots. The cost to be provided is based on the rate of paddy (since it is the highest value crop) in the local market considering the average productivity as 1.713 kg of rice per square meter and has been estimated to be NRs 1,453,347.26. Compensation for the 297 private trees and 120 bamboo clumps will be provided to the respective owner. The compensation will include harvesting cost, transportation cost and reforestation cost. As such, NRs 124,760.95 will be provided for harvesting and management of the harvested trees, NRs 12,000.00 for bamboo, and NRs 27,213.42 for replantation of trees of chosen species to replace the tree lost. Project affected families will be imparted income generation and livelihood improvement generation training by residential training. In total, 10% of the affected people are interested to join the program. The estimated cost for conducting the training program is Nrs 800,000.00. Private land necessary for sitting temporary structures will be hired from interested owner at prevailing market rate. After completion of the work, the camps and facilities will be dismantled and rehabilitated and returned to the owner. The compensation costs have been itemized in Resettlement Plan prepared as separate report.
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7.2.2. Construction Phase Socio-economic and Cultural Environment Loss or Degradation of Farm Land and Productivity 205. Mitigation measures will be as follows:
Compensation will be provided for loss of property as mentioned in section 7.2.1, Compensation will also be provided for loss of standing crops and temporary use of agriculture land, Plantation of trees of local variety like Harro, Barro, Siris, Mauwa, Chilaune and other ornamental trees along the both sides of road to act as dust and noise barrier. A cost of NRs 200,000.00 has been allocated for roadside plantation. Income restoration and rehabilitation program will be carried out whereby the members of affected household will undergo residential training on income generating activities. The tentative cost of the training program is NRs 800,000.00. Impact on Social Services and Community Infrastructures 206. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:
The contractor will be responsible for reconstruction and rehabilitation of damages due to their activities; any damage to existing road in project location, like formation of ditches, will be controlled and rehabilitated. Altogether 15 irrigation crossings have been proposed along the road. The construction activities will be scheduled during off-season to avoid the impact of disruption of irrigation facilities. Occupational Health and Safety measures 207. The contractor will maintain occupational health and safety arrangement and strictly enforce the safety measures.
Construction workers will be prior informed about job hazards, emergency procedures and any other relevant safety measures. Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) such as helmets, boots, gloves, safety belts, safety glasses and masks will be provided to the workers working in the construction sites. Contractor will arrange the First Aid Kit Box and standby medicine for workforce during working period and emergency situations. In case of serious injury and accidents, the injured will be run to the nearest hospital with the necessary diagnosis and treatment facilities. Warning signs, posts, barriers and guards will be installed to restrict access of unauthorized persons to construction sites. Only authorized person will be allowed to operate heavy machinery and equipments. Temporary drinking water supply and latrine pit will be established at site. Dust control will be done in the construction areas by sprinkling water. Vehicles and equipments will be maintained in proper condition so that they produce less noise. Group accidental insurance will be done for the workers.
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The cost of occupational health and safety measures has been incorporated in the civil cost of the subproject.
Prevalence of Communicable Diseases 208. Sanitary condition will be maintained in the construction camp by arranging toilets and water supply. Workers will be encouraged to keep their camps clean and tidy. Workers will be informed about STDs and the preventive measures.
Conflict between Locals and Outside Workers 209. Construction workers from outside the project area will be well-informed about the general norms and values of society. The construction workforce will be instructed to respect local people, especially the female members and observe/follow the local culture and tradition. Workforce will be discouraged to involve in activities like gambling and alcoholism. Local people will be informed about project activities, requirements and time schedules. Local people will be given maximum priority in employment.
Gender Discrimination 210. Project will establish agreement with contractors to consider male and female equally for wage distribution for works of similar nature. Male workers will be instructed to respect their female counterparts.
Physical Environment Change in Land Use Pattern 211. Land use change due to permanent project features is unavoidable and irreversible. There will be no mitigation measures for the permanent loss of agricultural, forest land. However, following mitigation measures will be adopted to compensate the loss of land into built up area:
Roadside plantation of trees will be done to increase greenery in the area. Local plants like Harro, Barro, Simal, Siris, Chilaune, Bains, Katush, Lakuri, Paiyu, etc will be planted along the roadside. A cost of NRs 200,000.00 has been allocated for roadside plantation. During re-vegetation, local species identified during the survey will be used. Agricultural extension services will be improved to compensate loss of production. Stockpiling, Spoil Disposal and Transportation of Material 212. Although, limited quantity of material will be used for construction, and some of the spoil will be used up, there may be some environmental implication of temporary storage of these materials and can be minimized by adopting following measures:
Wherever possible, surplus spoil will be used to fill eroded gullies, quarries and depressed areas etc. Suitable sites have been listed in Table 6 of Chapter 2. Sites at chainage 2+000 to 2+100 and its continuation at Ch 3+640 to 3+700 are areas with sheet erosion. These areas can be filled and stabilized by constructing gabion and toe walls along with plantation of grass species like Babiyo (Eulaliopsis binata), Kans (Saccharum spontaneum), Khar (Cybopogon microtheca) and Phurke (Arunduella nepalensis) and shrubs like Asuro
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(Adhatoda vasica), Simali (Vitex negundo), Bhujetro (Butea minor), Dhanyero (Woodwortia fruticosa) and Kettuke (Agave americana). Top soil will be stored and utilized in farm land Remaining excess spoils will be disposed in specified tipping sites in a controlled manner and the tipping sites will be covered by vegetation through bio-engineering techniques after surplus material is tipped. Spoils will not be disposed on fragile slopes, farmland, marshy land, dense forest areas, natural drainage path, canals and other infrastructures. (Although spoil disposal and tipping areas have been proposed within the boundary of community forests, these areas have very sparse stands of trees.) After the disposal, the site will be provided with proper drainage, vegetation and adequate protection against erosion. Necessary toe walls and retaining walls will be provided to protect the disposal of soil. Material will be stockpiled at fallow land and covered, Proper drainage will be arranged around the stockpile area, Stockpiling of the cement and other materials in shaded structures within the construction camp will be made. Quarrying and Extraction of the River Bed Material 213. The following mitigation measures will be adopted to address the issues related to quarrying:
Sediments derived from the excavation will be used for backfilling. Coarse aggregates and sand will be obtained from designated and approved quarries and borrow areas that have already taken environmental clearances (if such sites are available). No such sites having environmental clearances were available. Possible quarry sites have been identified in Table 2 of Chapter 2. These sites will be used with due consideration to local environmental condition. Unstable sites, erosion prone areas, dense forest areas, settlements and fertile farm land will be avoided for quarry operation. Stones and boulders will be collected from the environmentally suitable and legally recognized quarry sites. After the extraction is completed, the quarry site will be rehabilitated to suit the local landscape by filling with spoil. The materials to be transported will be covered by plastic sheets. Arrangements will be made in trippers to arrest water dripping from the materials. Impact on Air Quality (Air Pollution) 214. To mitigate the air pollution and its effect the following measures will be carried out:
Construction equipment and vehicles will be regularly examined and maintained in proper condition. Water will be sprinkled at major settlements along the road at least two times a day during peak construction. Construction materials will be properly covered during conveyance.
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Impact on Water Quality (Water Pollution) 215. The impacts can be mitigated by:
Ensuring safe storage and wise use of chemicals to prevent spillage; Avoiding the disposal of excavated materials in or near water bodies; Discouraging open urination and defecation and construction of toilets in camp sites. Noise Pollution 216. The following mitigation measures will be adopted to minimize the noise pollution:
Construction equipment will be maintained in proper condition by applying grease and lubricants. Sound producing equipment will be preferred to use only in day time. Earplug will be provided to the worker involved in equipment operations. Impact due to Solid Waste Generation 217. The solid waste generated from the construction/labor camp will be segregated at source and degradable waste will be buried at suitable sites. All the camp wastes and construction wastes will be placed in the designated waste collection pits away from the water path. The separate storage areas will be established for all punctured containers (drums, carboys, flasks etc) and will be processed for selling to scavengers. Similarly, the offsite activities of the workforce that are potential to cause pollution of surface and subsurface waters will be prohibited. Garbage burning will be strictly prohibited.
Campsite Management 218. Use of local labours will avoid the chance of campsite management. In case labours have to be brought from outside, they will be housed in local houses brought in rent instead of camp. If it is indispensable to establish a camp, they will be sited away from productive lands and forest areas. The following mitigation measures will be adopted to mitigate the impact of camp establishment:
Respectable compensation will be paid for using private farm or lands for storage or camp. The camp and storage sites will be properly cleaned, reinstated and handed over to the respective owner followed by receiving necessary clearance from the owner. Toilet, water and other basic facilities will be provided to workers. The contractor will manage the utilities like communication, lighting and cooking energy, drinking water supply etc within the camp so as to avoid the pressure on local services. The responsibility of looking after the amenities of the workers is the responsibility of the contractor. Labor camp will have room with proper ventilation and natural light, safe drinkable water, mosquito net, sanitary facility, and solid waste collection bins. Construction material will be properly stored. Appropriate campsites have been identified at Ch 0+000 (Zero Kilo), Ch 6+500 (Dharapani), Ch 9+800 (Dharekhola) and Ch 15+500 (Pokhari Dada).
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Biological Environment Loss of Forest and Vegetation 219. The following measures will be adopted to address this impact:
The contractor will be encouraged to employ local people as construction workers to avoid the possible pressure due to outside workforce. For construction crews at camp, contractor will provide kerosene or LPG cylinder for cooking and heating for avoiding firewood collection. The respective provisions will be set in contract document. Similarly, restriction will be put on construction workers to enter into the local forest areas for firewood and NTFP collection and the provision will be enforced as punishable offence. They will be made aware about importance of conservation and restricted activities. 220. The following activities will be strictly followed to cut trees from the forest area during road reconstruction:
Forest clearance approval will be obtained from the MoFSC. Forest site clearance for construction will be limited to minimum width of road. CFUGs will take the responsibilities of the trees felled from their respective community forest. 221. According to the Government of Nepal (2071/01/12 BS): Standard for Removing Government Trees, 2071 BS , the sub-project has to carry out plantation (with protection for five years) or pay for the plantation and protection cost to the District Forest Office. In total, 109 trees need to be cut down from the two community forests and a religious forest along the road. So, in total 2725 seedlings have to be planted for compensatory plantation with estimated cost of NRs 45235.00 considering the plantation of each plant as calculated in the table given in Appendix 8a, Appendix 8b and 8c. For the 70 trees need to be cut down from the two community forest, in total 1750 seedlings will be planted for compensatory plantation with estimated cost of NRs 275012.50 as given in the Appendix 8a and 8c. This cost will be provided to CFUGs through DFO in two installments. Location and type of species for the plantation will be selected by the CFUGs/DFO. However, emphasis will be given to local, multiple use, rare, endangered and protected species. The forest products from the forest will be used by CFUGs. Likewise, for the 39 trees to be cut down from the religious forest, in total 975 seedlings will be planted for compensatory plantation with estimated cost of NRs. 153221.25 as given in Appendix 8b and 8c. This cost will be provided to RFUG through DFO in two installments. Location and type of species for the plantation will be selected by the RFUGs/DFO. However, emphasis will be given to local, multiple use, rare, endangered and protected species. The forest products from the forest will be used by RFUG or sold by the DFO. Likewise, for the 297 trees and 120 clumps of bamboo to be cut down from the private land, plantation at the ratio of 1:1 trees will be done by the sub-project or the seedling and plantation cost will be provided by the sub-project. For the plantation, total estimated cost is NRs. 27213.42 as given in Appendix 8d. Computation of per plant plantation cost in private land and community/religious forest is given in Appendix 8e.The samples of agreement between the proponent, respective DFO and CFUGs/RFUG for compensatory plantation with disbursement schedule are presented for individual CF/RF in Appendix 8f and the plantation plan is presented
59 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap in Appendix 8g. The trees to be felled from different forests and private land and compensatory plan have been described in Table 26 and Appendix 8.
Table 26: Trees to be felled and compensatory plantation requirement Name of Forest Number of Trees Compensatory Plantation Cost of Plantation Shree Sheradevi CF 20 500 78575.00 Setidevi Saunepani CF 50 1250 196437.50 Shree Hari Siddhi RF 39 975 153221.25 Total of CF and RF 109 2725 428233.75 Private forest 417 417 27213.42 222. Source: Field Survey, 2016
Hunting and Poaching of Common, Rare, Endangered and Threatened Species of Fauna 223. Hunting and poaching by the construction crew will be strictly prohibited. The construction activity will be managed so as to minimize disturbance to wildlife; speed limit will be enforced for transporting vehicles. The impact can be minimized by employing the local labours. Similarly, restriction will be put on construction workers from entering into the local forest areas and the provision will be enforced as punishable offense. In addition, restriction will be put on the use of wildlife meat in the construction camps. Hoarding boards will be placed at sensitive sites (Ch 0+280, 4+400, 7+950 and 13+180 where the road passes along the forest areas) at a cost of NRs 160000 to aware workers and locals alike on importance of wildlife and conservation.
Construction related disturbance to local wildlife 224. Construction workforce will be discouraged to wander in the forest. The disturbance is unavoidable for the period of construction.
7.2.3. Operation Phase Socio-economic and Cultural Environment Ribbon Settlement along the Project Alignment 225. Manthali Municipality will regulate the possible development along the road access so as to minimize the likely road accident. Road safety signals or signposts will be installed at places. Roadside plantations of trees will be done in the RoW to prevent possible encroachment.
Road Safety Measures 226. Appropriate design will be adopted focusing required road safety measures. Required delegators, safety signs will be used as appropriate along road. Permanent traffic signposts will be installed along the road corridor. Signposts will be installed at major markets, schools and settlements to inform about drivers to control the speed of the vehicles to ward off associated accidents at temple and school areas. Road safety measures will also be adopted following 3-Es (i.e. Engineering, Enforcement and Education). The road will be repaired and maintained regularly. The DCC will allocate budget for the regular inspection and the maintenance of road.
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Biological Aspects Encroachment and Depletion of Forest 227. These impacts will be mitigated through awareness raising programmes to educate local people and providing support to locals for the conservation of forests.
Physical Environment Slope Stability and Drainage Management 228. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:
Bio-engineering works will be carried out to control the slides and retain the slopes. Slides at chainage 2+000 to 2+100 and its continuation at Ch 3+640 to 3+700 are large and sensitive and require special consideration during construction period. Gabion walls and toe walls have been proposed in the design. The areas require contour plantation of grasses like Babiyo (Eulaliopsis binata), Kans (Saccharum spontaneum), Khar (Cybopogon microtheca) and Phurke (Arunduella nepalensis) and shrubs like Asuro (Adhatoda vasica), Simali (Vitex negundo), Bhujetro (Butea minor), Dhanyero (Woodwortia fruticosa) and Kettuke (Agave americana). For those at Ch 11+250 to 11+280 and Ch 12+800 to 12+860, along with gabion and toe walls, plantation of trees like Bains (Salix sps), Chilaune (Schima wallichii) and Katus (Castanopsis indica) is suitable. Rill and gully formations will be regularly monitored and immediately fixed at critical areas. Repair and maintenance of the slope protection measures and drainage works. Minor landslide and mass wasting will be immediately cleared and slope restored with appropriate technology (bioengineering). Soil conservation will be promoted in the RoW and vulnerable areas beyond the road alignment. CFUGs will be promoted to conserve and manage their CFs property. Causeways (2), RCC Slab Culverts (1) and Pipe Culverts (61) will be placed to maintain cross drainage at places and allow passage of runoff. All these activities have already been considered in BoQ so no extra cost is allocated. Impact due to Air, Water and Noise Pollution 229. Following mitigation measures will be adopted:
Signboards restricting the use of horns will be erected near health posts, schools and settlements. Plantation will be done near the settlement around school and health post to act as dust and noise barrier. Vehicle washing in natural streams will be discouraged. 7.3. Climate Change Impacts 230. Following climate change adaptation measures will be considered during the reconstruction and operation of the road:
Likely local effects of climate change will be assessed through observation and regular monitoring of drainage system, erosion etc.
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Adequate and timely maintenance and retention of the slides as soon as they appear. Awareness raising activities will be conducted about climate change issues and adaptation and mitigation measures. No tree or vegetation will be removed unless absolutely necessary to reduce deforestation and compensatory plantation will be done to cut carbon per capita emissions.
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8. LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROJECT 231. GoN has adopted various policies, acts, rules, regulations and guidelines to ensure the integration of the development and conservation of environment. The policies and legislative provisions of Nepal that have a direct relevance to proposed project are given in Table 27. These laws and policies provisions have been duly followed in the IEE process and proposed mitigation measures.
Table 27: Review of Relevant Acts, Rules, Regulations and Guidelines A Constitution
The Constitution of Nepal: It has guaranteed every person the right to live in a clean environment as a fundamental right. As per the constitution, it is also a matter of State policy to adopt appropriate measures to abolish or mitigate existing or possible adverse environmental impacts on the nature, environment or biological diversity.
B Plans and Policies
National Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Policy, 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.): It has identified restoration and improvement of access to service and improve environmental resilience as one of its strategic recovery objectives.
Forest Policy, 2071 B.S. (2015 A.D.): Plantation is mandatory for environmental friendly physical infrastructure development along settlement area, road and irrigation canal.
Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2071 B.S (2014 A.D.): This policy has been formulated to strengthen socioeconomic conidition of project affected families with the provision of necessary land acquisition, justifiable compensation, appropriate resettlement and rehabilitation for the public welfare and implementation of infrastructure development projects.
Three Years Interim Plan, 2070/71-2072/73 B.S. (2013/14-2015/16 A.D.): Identified the importance of road sector in promoting national unification, socio-economic development and regional balance contributing to overall development of the country and also in promoting the access to service and facilities. It aims to achieve sustainable, broad-based, inclusive economic growth. The plan also addresses climate change adaptation and mitigation and overall environmental protection.
ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 A.D.: ADB’s Safeguard Policy Framework consists of three operational policies on the Environment, Indigenous people and Involuntary resettlement. It requires that (i) impacts are identified and assessed early in the project cycle, (ii) plans to avoid, minimize, mitigate or compensate for the potential adverse impacts are developed and implemented and (iii) affected people are informed and consulted during project preparation and implementation.
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20 Year Road Plan, 2059 –2079 B.S. (2002-2022 A.D.): With main objectives of development of Strategic Road Networks (SRN), the implementation strategies include all weather road connection to the District Headquarters (DHQ) and provision of road linkages from the DHQ to the adjacent road network of the neighboring districts and countries
Policy Document, Environmental Assessment in the Road Sector of Nepal, 2056 B.S. (2000 A.D.): It proposes to adopt measures to improve the way of life of the affected people and safeguard natural surroundings. In case damage is inevitable environmental assessment should find ways of reducing or compensating for such damage. It suggested five types of environmental assessment activities like Screening, IEE,EIA and Monitoring.
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, 2014-2020 FY: It is prepared to provide guiding framework for the management of Nepal’s biodiversity. It has focused on national needs of biodiversity management and conservation, fulfillment of the international obligations, sustainable use of its components and equitable sharing of benefits accrued from conservation and utilization of genetic resources. It has a long term (i.e. 35 years) vision, and includes specific short term (up to 2020) strategies and priorities for action.
C Act
Act Relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2072 B.S (2015 A.D.): This act provides for the creation of the NRA for a period of five years (which may be extended) and defines its functions, duties and powers. It has mandated NRA for leading and managing the earthquake recovery and reconstruction in Nepal. It has delegated the NRA the authority to frame rules (Section 30), may make and enforce necessary guidelines or procedures in order to conduct its business (Section 31).
Solid Waste Management Act, 2068 B.S. (2011 A.D.): It outlines the duties of local government to take action to control haphazard waste generation, disposal or collection and has provisions for various punitive measures against those engaged in activities detrimental to the intentions of the Act.
Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2057 B.S. (2000 A.D.): Engaging children including those who has not attained the age of 14 in risky activities against his/her will by any means is prohibited. In case any enterprise has to engage a child in works, an approval has to be obtained from concerned body.
Local Self Governance Act 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.): Empowers the local bodies for the conservation of soil, forest and other natural resources and implements environmental conservation activities
Forest Act, 2049 B.S. (1993 A.D.): Requires decision makers to take account of all forest values, including environmental services and biodiversity, not just the
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production of timber and other commodities.
Water Resources Act, 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.): It has legal arrangements for determining beneficial uses of water resources, preventing environment and other hazardous effects thereof and also keeping water resources free from pollution. It has clearly mentioned that no one shall pollute water resource by way of using or putting any litter, industrial wastes, poison, chemical or toxicant to the effect that the pollution tolerance limit of the water resource as prescribed.
The Labor Act, 2048 B.S. (1992 A.D.): Regulates the working environment, deals with occupational health and safety.
Soil and Watershed Conservation Act (SWCA), 2039 B.S. (1982 A.D.); It empowers GoN to declare any area of Nepal as a conserved watershed area, specifying the borders thereof. The Watershed Conservation Officer (WCO) has the authority to implement protective infrastructure, vegetation program and regulate agricultural practices pertinent to soil and watershed conservation. It empowers WCO to prohibit the commission of any acts that may cause soil-erosion or soil cutting in a land where any of the acts has been done
Public Roads Act, 2031 B.S. (1974 A.D.): Act mandates requirement of permission from the DoR to carry out activities within the limits of the road boundaries and also provision of notifying the DoR by local governmental offices prior to the start of activities in the limits of the public roads.
National Park and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2029 B.S. (1972 A.D.): This act provides protection to 27 species of mammals, 9 species of birds and three species of reptiles.
D Rules and Regulations
Rule Relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D): It provides the basis for prioritization of reconstruction. More importantly, it defines functions, duties and rights of the Chief Executive Officer and Secretary of NRA and District Coordination Committee.
Local Self Governance Rules 2056 B.S. (2000 A.D.): It provides procedural guidelines for implementation of the Local Self Governance Act.
Forest Rules, 2051 B.S. (1995 A.D.): It elaborates legal measures for the conservation of forests and wildlife and provides procedural guidelines for implementation of the Forest Act. It stipulates that in case the execution of any project having national priority in any forest area causes any loss or harm to any local individual or community, the proponent of the project itself shall bear the amount of compensation to be paid.
E Work Procedures, Guidelines, Standards and others
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Local Body Restructuring Notice, MoFALD, GON, 2017 A.D: Declaration of the name, number, boundary, ward’s boundary of 744 rural municipality and municipality with 481 rural municipalities, 246 municipalities, 13 sub-metropolitan cities, 4 metropolitan cities and dissolve of VDC/DDC.
Work Procedure Related with Environmental Impact Assessment for Rehabilitation of Earthquake Affected Structures 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.) and First Amendment, 2073 B.S. (2016 A.D.): These provide procedural guidelines for undertaking reconstruction and rehabilitation projects. These include a comprehensive suite of procedures for different activities like environmental impact assessment, land acquisition, and public procurement for reconstruction projects (2072 B.S.) and grievance management (2073 B.S.). It determines the format of IEE and EIA.
The first amendment has revised the threshold for projects to undergo IEE or EIA. It prescribes (under Clause 2 of Schedule 1) that upgrading, rehabilitation and reconstruction and new construction of district, urban and rural road should follow IEE study and approval.
Working Procedure to Use National Forest area for National Priority Projects, 2074 B.S. (2017 A.D.): Following are the main features: • EMP/IEE/EIA study is mandatory for obtaining forestry clearance. • Alternative analysis has to be done during feasibility study for avoiding forest area or if not having minimal loss of vegetation. • Concerned Ministry has to obtain concurrence from Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation before approving IEE/EIA • Provision of compensatory plantation (with protection for five years) at the ratio of 1:25 plants by the project or provide plantation and protection cost to concerned DFO.
ADB Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF), 2015 A.D. for EEAP: It elaborates environmental legal requirements and procedures according to the Government of Nepal and Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 of ADB and guides the preparation of environmental assessments and environmental management plans.
ADB Resettlement Framework (RF), 2015 A.D. for EEAP: It guides the preparation of resettlement plans by elaborating legal and procedural guidelines according to GoN and ADP SPS.
Batabaran Parichhyan - Resource Booklet - 2070 B.S. (2013): It provides guidance for local body to prepare environmental assessment reports of different projects; construction materials extraction and local roads, on their own.
Environment Friendly Local Governance Framework (EFLG) 2070 B.S (2013 A.D.): This framework is prepared to promote environmental conservation through local institutions to materialize environment friendly local development concept. There
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are different level of environment friendly indicators like basic, advanced and special indicators at household, tole/settlement, ward, VDC, Municipality and District level. Main objectives of this framework are as follows: Mainstreaming the environment, climate change, disaster management issues in local development planning process. Making environment friendly local governance mechanism. Strengthening basic level to make environment friendly sustainable development. Promoting coordination and cooperation within environment and development. Strengthening local organization to enhance local ownership for the sustainable development of environment.
Nepal Rural Road Standard, 2012 A.D.: Sets the classification and geometric design standards for the Local Road Network to be followed by all those involved in the development of the network, including Users, User Committees, VDCs, DDCs, DTOs, DoLIDAR and its development partners.
National Adaptation Program of Action, 2068 B.S. (2010 A.D.): The NAPA has been instrumental in mainstreaming climate change in development planning. The NAPA has developed a framework for adaptation programme, and has identified key adaptation needs, existing adaptation practices and options for developed projects including infrastructure.
Reference Manual for Environmental and Social Aspects of Integrated Road Development, 2060 B.S (2003 A.D): Suggests stepwise process of addressing environmental and social issues alongside the technical, financial and other issues.
Batabaraniya Nirdesika (Nepali), 2057 B.S. (2000 A.D.): Focuses in the practical implementation of small rural infrastructures through the minimization of environmental impacts and outlines simple methods of environmental management in the different phases of the project cycle. More emphasis is given to prevention rather than cure.
APPROACH for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Roads, 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.): Emphasizes labor based technology and environmental friendly, local resource oriented construction methods to be incorporated actively in rural infrastructure process.
Green Roads in Nepal, Best Practices Report – An Innovative Approach for Rural Infrastructure Development in the Himalayas and Other Mountainous Regions. GIZ, 1999 A.D.: It focuses on participatory, labor based and environment friendly technology with proper alignment selection, mass balancing, proper water management, bioengineering and phased construction.
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Environmental Management Guidelines, Geo Environmental and Social Unit, DoR, 2054 B.S. (1997 A.D.): It consists of environmental mitigation measures to be incorporated into DoR projects, procedures for public participation, and socio- economic consideration. The Environmental Mitigation Measures are broken down into 12 categories or activities and a method for implementation is given for each mitigation measures including implementation strategies. These environmental mitigation measures should be used in conjunction with good engineering design, construction and operation practices. It also suggests considering the various socio- economic issues like land acquisition and compensation, economic impacts and cultural heritage.
Community forest development program guideline (third revision 2071 B.S.): Sustainable and scientific management of forest by the local users including environment services and facilities for the mitigation of natural calamities, wildlifes nad forest fire
National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, 2050 B.S. (1993 A.D.): Provides guidance to project proponent on integrating environmental mitigation measures, particularly on the management of quarries, borrow pits and stockpiling of materials, operation of the work camps, earthworks and slope stabilization, location of stone crushing plants etc.
F International Conventions
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), 2053 B.S., amended, 2059 B.S. (1973 A.D., amended 1979 A.D.): It regulates international trade in endangered wild flora and fauna with the aim of reducing or eliminating trade in species whose numbers or conditions suggest that further removal from their natural habitat would lead to their extinction. It urges parties not to allow trade in specimen of species included in the CITES Appendices I, II and III with some exception. As the area holds some CITES listed species, this convention is attracted in case of their trade.
Convention on Biological Diversity, 2049 B.S. (1992): It focuses on the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits. It urges parties to introduce appropriate procedures requiring EIA of the proposed projects that are likely to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity.
Convention (No. 169) Concerning Indigenous and Tribal People in Independent Countries, 2046 B.S. (1989A.D): The convention provides right to the indigenous and tribal people to decide their own priorities for the process of development. It mandates participation in formulations of the plan and programs, decision making regarding national development. It safeguards rights of the indigenous people in territories traditionally occupied by them.
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9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 232. The environmental management plan (EMP) is prepared to guide the implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring requirements. It includes institutions and their roles, environmental management activities, environmental management organizational structure and budget for mitigation measures.
9.1. Institutions and their Roles 233. Different institutions involved in the IEEs and EMP implementation and their roles are described in the Table 28:
Table 28: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities Institution Roles Responsibility on the Project National It is the legally mandated to lead As Project EA of EEAP, manages Reconstruction and manage earthquake recovery overall project implementation and Authority and reconstruction in Nepal. NRA monitoring, reviews and approves ToR (NRA) provides strategic guidance to and IEE Report and conduct the identify and address the priorities environmental monitoring from the for recovery and reconstruction. It central level. is authorized to frame rules and working procedures to implement recovery and reconstruction programs. Ministry of It is the Central Level Overall coordination and the Federal Affairs Implementation Unit (CL-PIU) for supervision for implementation of and Local district/rural road component of district/rural road component of EEAP Development EEAP. in the central level. It also supports the (MoFALD) DDCs (DL-PIU) to implement the project activities. Central Supporting consultants at central Technical and management support to Implementation level. AF-Iteco Ltd., Switzerland, NRA/MoFALD on rural/district road Support on behalf of Swiss Agency for component of EEAP including the Consultant Development and Cooperation design specifications and necessary (CISC) (SDC)’s technical assistance has environmental and social safeguard been providing technical supports issues. through the Decentralized Rural Review, comment and forward ToR for Infrastructure and Livelihoods IEE and IEE report to ADB for Project III (DRILP-III) to NRA for concurrence and to NRA for approval the implementation of EEAP. District DCC is project implementing Prepare ToR for IEE and submit for Coordination agency in district (District Level approval to NRA through CISC. Committee Project Implementation Unit/DL- Conduct IEE study, public consultation (DCC) PIU) and prepare IEE report and submit for approval from NRA. Implement IEE and EMP of sub- projects and conduct environmental monitoring and reporting. District Project implementation office Responsible for overall activities Technical working directly under DCC (DL- related to implementation of the works Office (DTO) PIU) at field level.
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Institution Roles Responsibility on the Project Safeguard Safeguard desk will be the focus of Responsible for supervising, Desk all safeguard related issues coordinating, networking, monitoring (Safeguard and reporting environmental safeguard expert has been compliances. The desk will conduct provisioned in regular monitoring of EMP compliance PAM) and record them. Grievance Support in addressing grievances Responsible for addressing grievances Redress caused due to road construction due to road construction which affects Committee related to environment their livelihood. Contractors Road construction work Reconstruction of road and implementation of contractor’s part of environmental responsibility. Framework of environmental management for the proposed activity is depicted in the Figure 9.
National Reconstruction Authority (NRA) ADB and SDC
Earthquake Emergency Community Assistance Project (EEAP) Infrastructure Division
CL-PIU/MoFALD Environment Safeguard Unit, CISC
DL-PIU/DCC/DTO DISU DFO/CFUG
Contractor
Figure 7: Environment Management Organization Structure 9.2. Reporting and Documentation 234. Work Procedure for Environmental Impact Assessment for Reconstruction of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.) entitles the monitoring responsibilities to the NRA. DL-PIU/DISC will prepare and submit monthly monitoring and implementation reports to the CL-PIU/CISC, who will take follow-up actions if necessary. CL-PIU/CISC will prepare and
70 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap submit quarterly and semi-annual monitoring and implementation reports to the NRA and ADB. Appendix 11 provides a content outline for monitoring reports.
235. Contract document will categorically include provision of the environmental protection, health and safety, waste management and other environmental mitigation measures identified during the IEE study. It will spell out clearly the measures that will be taken in case on non compliance. This will make them comply with the provisions.
236. The monthly reports will be based on recurrent site inspections and will report on the effectiveness of the mitigation measures;
The Contractor's compliance with the environmental specifications; Measures recommended in the events of non-compliance and Recommendations for any other remedial actions, etc 9.3. Implementation of the Mitigation Measures 237. The proponent will be responsible for the implementation of the mitigation measures proposed in Chapter 7. The detail action plan for activities to be carried out to augment beneficial impacts and reduce/mitigate adverse impact produced from the implementation of the proposal, and the responsible implementing and supporting agencies are provided in environmental management plan is presented in Table 29 and Table 30.
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Table 29: Summary of the Beneficial Impacts and Enhancement Measures Activity Issues Related beneficial Type of Beneficial augmentation measures Responsible agencies impacts impact Executin Supporting g agencies agencies Significance Impact Impact Extent Duration Magnitu Construction Phase Constructi Employme Employment D L ST H Vs No augmentation. Contract CL-PIU/ on of road nt generation of 179490 20 05 60 85 The contractor will be encouraged to give priority to local or/ DL- DISC/ and opportuniti persondays and and marginalized people including women in construction PIU CISC opportunit es Increase in income works. ies level Enhancem Increase in income IN L LT M S The workers will be formally and informally oriented about Contract CL-PIU/ ent of generating activities 20 20 20 60 the specific requirements for climate and disaster resilience. or/ DL- DISC/ technical and employment PIU CISC skill opportunities Increased Increase in income IN L ST M S Priority to local markets and local products Contract CL-PIU/ trade and level of non-worker 20 05 20 45 or/ DL- DISC/ business PIU CISC opportuniti es Operation stage Operation Improved Safe travel, Improve D L LT H Vs Regular inspection and maintenance and bioengineering. Contract DL-PIU/ of road accessibilit accessibility, saving of 20 20 60 10 Allocation of budget for regular inspection and maintenance or/ DL- CL-PIU y travel time and cost 0 of the road. PIU Access Easier access to D R LT M Vs Timely implementation of the project DCC/DT DL-PIU/ over public educational 60 20 o 10 Regular maintenance of the road O CL-PIU services institutions, health 20 0 Facilitate the fair price transportation of agricultural and and basic institutions, religious other day to day consumables in ZoI utilities places etc. Benefit of Appreciation of land IN L LT M S RoW encroached will be observed along with awareness to DCC/DT DL-PIU/ increased value and local benefit 20 20 o 60 local O
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Activity Issues Related beneficial Type of Beneficial augmentation measures Responsible agencies impacts impact Executin Supporting g agencies agencies Significance Impact Impact Extent Duration Magnitu land value by improvement of 20 Promotion of land development and land use planning CL-PIU local economy along the road corridor and other local areas Promotion Influx of tourist due to IN L LT M S Awareness training. DCC/NG CL-PIU/ of Tourism easy access and 20 20 o 60 Tourism management training like cookery and homestay Os CISC/ NTB addition o livelihood 20 management. option. Women Empowering women IN L LT H Vs Preparation and implementation of GESI Action Plan DL-PIU/ CL-PIU/ empowerm in road maintenance 20 20 60 10 Assist to organize women groups, provide training in social DISC/ CISC ent and othe farm and of 0 mobilization. NGOs/ farm activities Commun ity Conservati Conservation of IN L LT H Vs Environmental awareness programmes DL-PIU/ CL-PIU/ on and overall environment 20 20 60 10 DISC/ CISC environme 0 NGOs ntal awareness Table 30: Summary of Adverse Impact Prediction and Mitigation Measures Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible Impacts impacts agencies Executi Monitorin ng g agencies agencies Significance Impact Impact Extent Duration Magnitu Pre- construction Project Process and Inappropriate D L S H Vs The road design will follow the standard methods. DCC DL-PIU/ Planning reliability of alignment, quarry 20 T 60 85 All provision proposed in the EMP of IEE document will CL-PIU/ and design detail survey sites and burrow pits 5 be properly reflected in the design.
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Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible Impacts impacts agencies Executi Monitorin ng g agencies agencies Significance Impact Impact Extent Duration Magnitu and design etc., encroachment NRA of sensitive area Land and Loss of Change of existing D Ss LT M S Appropriate compensation will be provided to the land and Contract DL-PIU/ the 0.950 ha of land to the 10 20 o 50 property title holder for private land, private structures and or/DCC CL-PIU/ Property private land permanent structure 20 private trees. NRA Acquisition and private and difficulties in After dismantling the construction camp and other properties at livelihood facilities, original land will be rehabilitated. Ch 2+140, 8+450, 8+585, 8+730, 11+220, 11+350, 12+070, 12+880, 15+450 and 15+640 Construction Phase Socio-economic and Cultural Environmental Impacts Constructio Loss of Impact on food D Ss LT M S Appropriate compensation will be provided to the land and Contract DL-PIU/ n of road 0.950 ha of security and 10 20 o 50 property title holder. or/DCC CL-PIU/ additional financial stability of 20 Compensation will be provided for standing corps. NRA agricultural the dependent land and its households production
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Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible Impacts impacts agencies Executi Monitorin ng g agencies agencies Significance Impact Impact Extent Duration Magnitu Constructio Impact on Pressure on social D Ss S H Vs Provision of basic utilities within camp perimeter Contract DL-PIU/ n of road the social service facilities like 10 T 60 80 Building consensus with local people for using community or/DCC CL-PIU/ services and water supply, 10 infrastructures and resources NRA community Damage of Any damage to existing road in project location like infrastructur irrigation canals formation of ditches shall be controlled and rehabilitated. e Crossings will be provisioned for irrigation canals (15 nos.) and rehabilitation will be done in case of damage. Constructio Occupation Exposure of D L S H Vs Safety arrangements like provision of First Aid Kit Box and Contract DL-PIU/ n force and Health and construction 20 T 60 85 standby medicine for workforce during working period and or/DCC CL-PIU/ occupation Safety workforce to related 05 emergency. NRA al safety measures health risks and Provision of PPE like helmet, boots, globe, mask and safety hazards due to belts etc. operation of Provision of temporary drinking water and toilets in the machines & construction camps. construction work, Use of sigposts, barriers and guards to restrict unauthorized improper sanitation entry. etc. Group accidental insurance Constructio Communica Impact on health of ID R LT M Vs Regular health check-up in the construction camp. Contract DL-PIU/ n force and ble diseases locals and 60 20 o 10 Awareness using pamphlets boards and browsers. or/DCC CL-PIU/ communica construction 20 0 Encouragement to keep the camp clean and tidy. NRA ble workers due to diseases proximity to infected person, Sexual contacts and proliferation of HIV/AIDs and STDs
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Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible Impacts impacts agencies Executi Monitorin ng g agencies agencies Significance Impact Impact Extent Duration Magnitu Operation Conflict Conflict during D L S Lo In Informing worker about general norms and values of local Contract DL-PIU/ of between work due to distinct 20 T 10 35 community; instructing them to respect local culture and or/DCC CL-PIU/ constructio locals and thought and cultural 05 tradition with humility. NRA n camp outside perception; Job opportunities to local people will be maximized. workers alcoholism and Discouraging gambling and alcoholism. gambling. Constructio Gender Discrimination in D L S M S Enforcement of non-discriminatory policy Contract DL-PIU/ n activity, discriminati wage/salary 20 T o 45 Positive discrimination, empowerment and social or/DCC CL-PIU/ wage and on distribution 05 20 mobilization; related trainings/programs NRA female participatio n Physical Environmental Impacts Constructio Change in Present land D Ss LT H Vs Roadside plantation of trees will be done to increase DCC/ DL-PIU/ n activity Land Use structure in 0.95 ha 10 20 60 90 greenery in the area. Contract CL-PIU/ Pattern of additional During re-vegetation and roadside palntation, local species or NRA private/agricultural like Harro, Barro, Simal, Siris, Chilaune, Bains, Katush, land, 0.041 ha of Lakuri and other ornamental plants will be planted. additional barren land and 0.622 ha of additional forest land (including a RF and two CFs) will permanently change Excavation Stock piling, Impact on the local D Ss S M In Material will be stockpiled at fallow land and will be Contract DL-PIU/ and spoil/waste ecology by cement, 10 T o 35 covered. or/DCC CL-PIU/ Storage of disposal, soil and excavated 05 20 Proper drainage will be arranged around the stockpile area. NRA
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Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible Impacts impacts agencies Executi Monitorin ng g agencies agencies Significance Impact Impact Extent Duration Magnitu constructio Transport of materials on water Floodways, natural drainage paths, water bodies, farmlands n materials construction and others resources will be avoided. materials Sustainable collection of river bed materials whenever required, Excavated materials will be used for filling works. Quarry of Sediment Impacts on the river D Ss S Lo In Proper drainage arrangement in stockpile area; Contract DL-PIU/ constructio load in river and its biota by 10 T 10 35 Immediate clearance of the river path in case of blockade; or/DCC CL-PIU/ n water enhanced soil 05 Minimal cut and fill approach NRA aggregates erosion Constructio Quarrying Impacts due to D Ss S H Vs Sediments derived from the excavation will be used for Contract DCC/DL- n activity, and quarry site 10 T 60 75 backfilling. or/DCC PIU/ CL- Quarrying extraction of operation, river 05 Coarse aggregates and sand will be obtained from PIU/ NRA & burrow river bed bank cutting, change designated and approved quarries and borrow areas that pits during material in river regime and have already taken environmental clearances (if such sites constructio rising Water are available). n phase pollution due to Unstable sites, erosion prone areas, dense forest areas, unfriendly settlements and fertile farm land will be avoided for quarry management operation. practices of quarries Stones and boulders will be collected from the and spoils environmentally suitable and legally recognized quarry sites. After the extraction is completed, the quarry site will be rehabilitated to suit the local landscape. The materials to be transported will be covered by plastic sheets. Arrangements will be made in trippers to arrest water dripping from the materials.
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Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible Impacts impacts agencies Executi Monitorin ng g agencies agencies Significance Impact Impact Extent Duration Magnitu Constructio Impacts on Introduction of D Ss S M In Construction equipments and vehicles will be regularly Contract DL-PIU/ n work air quality fugitive and 10 T o 35 examined and maintained in proper condition. or/DCC CL-PIU/ :Air, Water due to combustion 05 20 Water will be sprinkled at major settlements along the road NRA and Noise operation of emissions, dust at least two times a day during peak construction. pollution equipments (PM10) and smoke, Construction materials will be properly covered during and vehicles etc. and its impact conveyance. on workers, local people and vegetation Impact on Mixing of pollutants D L S M S Ensuring safe storage and wise use of chemicals to prevent ground like turbidity, fecal 20 T o 45 spillage; water contamination, oil 05 20 Avoiding the disposal of excavated materials in or near quality and grease and other water bodies; inorganic and Discouraging open urination and defecation and organic wastes construction of toilets in camp sites. resulting pollution of water body. Impact of Health of local D L S Lo S Construction equipments will be maintained in proper noise from people and worker 20 T 20 45 condition by applying grease and lubricants. operation of 05 Sound producing equipments will be preferred to use only equipments in day time. and vehicles Earplug will be provided to the worker involved in equipment operations. Constructio Impact due Synthetic materials, D Ss S H Vs Segregation of solid waste at source; Contract DL-PIU/ n work and to solid construction and 10 T 60 75 Composting degradable waste; or/DCC CL-PIU Solid waste waste domestic wastes 05 Separate collection and storage arrangements and that too generation generation reduce land and far from waterway;
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Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible Impacts impacts agencies Executi Monitorin ng g agencies agencies Significance Impact Impact Extent Duration Magnitu water quality, Selling sellable wastes like metals, bottles, drums, etc. aesthetics impacting on human and environmental health Contractor Pollution Encroachment of D Ss S H Vs Use of local labours will avoid the chance of campsite Contract DL-PIU/ camp and impact forest, agriculture 10 T 60 75 management. or/DCC CL-PIU/ establishme due to land, solid waste, 05 If it is indispensable to establish camps, they will be sited NRA nt location of and waste water away from productive lands and forest areas. camp sites may cause pollution Respectable compensation will be paid for using private farm or lands for storage or camp. The camp and storage sites will be properly cleaned, reinstated and handedover to the respective owner followed by receiving necessary clearance from the owner. Toilet, water and other basic facilities will be provided to workers. Labor camp will have room with proper ventilation and natural light, safe drinkable water, mosquito net, sanitary facility, and solid waste management. Appropriate camp sites have been identified at Ch 0+000 (Zero Kilo), Ch 6+500 (Dharapani), Ch 9+800 (Dharekhola) and Ch 15+500 (Pokhari Dada).
Biological Environment Impacts Site Impact on Loss of forest and ID L S M S Workers will be made aware about the importance of Contract DFO/CFU clearing for forest and vegetation due to 20 T o 45 conservation and restricted activities. or/DCC G/ DCC/
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Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible Impacts impacts agencies Executi Monitorin ng g agencies agencies Significance Impact Impact Extent Duration Magnitu constructio vegetation site clearance (297 05 20 Plantation of 2725 trees of suitable type on CF and RF land DTO n activity trees and 120 for compensatory plantation bamboo clumps Additional plantation of 417 trees for those lost from from private land private land. and 109 trees from two CF and a RF), exploitation by workforce Constructio Impacts on Hunting and ID L S M S Prohibiting construction crew from hunting and poaching Contract DFO/CFU n work, rare, poaching by 20 T o 45 Enforcing speed limit and traffic regulation for transport or /DCC G/DL-PIU vehicle endangered, workforce; road 05 20 vehicles Maximizing numbers of locals in construction /CFUG movement threatened collision and fatal crew on wildlife and endemic injury to wildlife Putting restriction on the use of wildlife meat in the distribution species and death; construction camps and treating breaching as punishable disturbance to offense wildlife due to A hoarding board will be placed at sensitive sites (Ch movement of 0+280, 4+400, 7+950 and 13+180 where the road passes vehicles along the forest areas) to aware workers and locals alike on importance of wildlife and conservation. Operation Phase Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment Impacts Operation Ribbon Development of ID Ss LT H Vs Appropriate planning and enforcement of law; DCC/ CDO/ of road settlement Ribbon settlement 10 20 60 90 Road side plantations of trees will be done in the RoW to Municip DCC along the and Encroachment prevent possible encroachment. ality project of RoW, increased alignment accidents, delay in traffic movement
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Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible Impacts impacts agencies Executi Monitorin ng g agencies agencies Significance Impact Impact Extent Duration Magnitu Use of road Road safety Chances of road D Ss LT M Vs Awareness by signboards and traffic signs at critical places; Local DCC issues accidents in the 10 20 o 50 Adopting 3Es: Engineering, Enforcement and Education. people turnings of the Road 20 and and Loss of life and drivers property Biological Impacts Operation Encroachme Destruction due to ID Ss LT M Vs Awareness raising programmes to educate local people and Local DFO/CFU of road nt and spoil and runoff; 10 20 o 50 providing support to locals for the conservation of forests people G/DCC Forest Illegal cutting of 20 Hoarding board for awareness Depletion trees because of access Physical Environment Operation Slope Slope instability at D Ss LT M S Bio-engineering works to control the slides and retain the DL-PIU/ CL-PIU/ of road stability and Chianages 2+000 to 10 20 o 50 slopes. Contract DL-PIU/ Drainage 2+100, Ch 3+640 to 20 Rill and gully formations will be regularly monitored and or DCC management 3+700, Ch 11+250 immediately fixed at critical areas. to 11+280 and Ch Repair and maintenance of the slope protection measures 12+800 to 12+860 and drainage Minor landslide and mass wasting will be immediately cleared and slope restored with appropriate technology (bioengineering). Soil conservation will be promoted in the RoW and vulnerable areas beyond the road alignment. Causeways (2) RCC Slab Culverts (1) and Pipe Culverts (61) will be placed to maintain cross drainage at places and allow passage of runoff. Operation Impact due Dust, smoke, noise D Ss LT Lo In Signboards restricting the use of horns will be erected near Local DCC
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Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible Impacts impacts agencies Executi Monitorin ng g agencies agencies Significance Impact Impact Extent Duration Magnitu of vehicle to Air, Water level, due to vehicle 10 20 10 40 health posts, schools and settlements. people/ and Noise movement and Plantation will be done near the settlement around school Municip pollution Water pollution due and health post to act as dust and noise barrier. ality to vehicle washing Vehicle washing in natural streams will be discouraged. Note: D= Direct; ID = Indirect, S= Site Specific; L = Local, R = Regional; ST= Short Term, NA = Not Applicable of No Impact, MT = Medium Term, LT = Long Term; Lo = Low, Mo = Moderate, H = High, I=Insignificant, S=Significant, Vs=Very Significant, Hs=Highly Significant
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9.4. Matter to be monitored while implementing the Proposal 238. Monitoring of the implementation of environmental protection measures provides a basis for logical comparison for the predicted and actual impacts of a proposal. Environmental monitoring will involve the systematic collection of data to determine the actual environmental impacts of the sub-project, compliance of the sub-project with regulatory standards, and the degree of implementation and effectiveness of the environmental protection. Monitoring will be an integral part of the implementation of the mitigation measures during project construction, and will generate important information. It will improve the quality of sub-project implementation.
239. The Work Procedure for Environmental Impact Assessment for Reconstruction of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.) requires a monitoring plan and indicators, schedules and responsibility be identified in the IEE report. The National EIA Guidelines for the Forestry sector, 1995 has proposed three stages of the monitoring i.e. baseline monitoring, compliance monitoring and impact monitoring.
9.4.1. Baseline Monitoring Baseline monitoring aims to determine the baseline condition of the environmental resources. It is carried out if significant time elapse between preparation of the IEE report and the construction stage or change in the environmental quality is noticeable. This project will proceed for the immediate construction after the approval of this IEE report and hence baseline monitoring is not necessary.
9.4.2. Compliance Monitoring 240. Compliance monitoring is essential in order to ensure that environmental protection measures recommended by this study and other requirements set forth during the approval of the sub-project are complied with. This monitoring is not concerned with determining the actual effect of the sub-project activities on the environment.
241. The proponent will ensure compliance of activities such as; inclusion of mitigation measures in the design and tender documents, budget allocation for mitigation measures and monitoring, compensation arrangements and other compliances spoil disposal, storage sites, arrangement of construction activities etc.
9.4.3. Impact Monitoring 242. This monitoring detects environmental changes and estimates inherent variation within the environment, establishes long term trends in the natural system, and derives conclusion by making comparison against standard or targets.
243. Impact monitoring is generally carried out to access the effectiveness of the environmental mitigation measures and provides the actual level of the impact in the field. Hence, an impact monitoring evaluation study is proposed by the end of project construction phase or within 2 years of the project implementation. Impact monitoring will focus on the each predicted impact and effectiveness of environmental protection measures.
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9.5. Monitoring Indicator 244. These would be based on the level of site-specific information or existing data series and impacts prediction. Efforts have been made to make the indicators measurable and diagnostic with low natural variability and broad applicability. In this context, the following physical, biological and social indicators will be monitored during the construction and operational stages of the sub-project.
9.5.1. Pre-Construction Phase 245. Pre-construction phase monitoring is aimed at ensuring that the environmental and social safeguard considerations are adequately incorporated in the Project design and that the respective clauses to address the identified impacts are sufficiently included in the specifications and work contracts.
9.5.2. Construction Phase 246. In this phase the monitoring focuses on impacts on the environmental and social setting caused by the ongoing sub-project. This monitoring checks compliance with the practices, norms, standards and technical solutions prescribed in the design and in the EMP. The specific monitoring tasks will include the following activities:
Verify and quantify the ongoing slope protection measures, and propose rectifying measures as needed; Verify and quantify the ongoing activities in quarry operations and propose rectifying measures as needed; Verify and quantify the ongoing/completed tree felling actions; Verify and quantify the course of any environmental degradation caused by the subproject activities, their likely consequences, and propose corrective measures, including identification of the responsibilities and costs; Verify and quantify the effects of disposal of spoil and construction wastes and their consequences; Verify and quantify the effects of disruption of natural water courses, drainage network, and their consequences; Monitor by utilizing structured checklists and questionnaires, the contractor’s full compliance with the occupational health and safety regulations for the work staff; Verify and quantify the effects of losses in wildlife, degradation of forests, illegal extraction of forest products, hunting, wildlife trade and disturbance to wildlife; Identify and assess the environmental implications on the people’s status of knowledge and awareness in relation to ongoing awareness campaigns; Verify and quantify losses/damage to private property and community facilities; Verify and quantify losses/damage to cultural properties; Explore mechanisms to stipulate strict application of the EMP and identify consequences to be borne by the contractors in case of non-compliance.
9.5.3. Operation Phase 247. The specific monitoring tasks in this phase will include the followings:
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Assess changes in land-use patterns, development of cottage industries, services and demographic composition that may be caused by the road development; Verify and quantify the occurrence of ribbon development, resulting in encroachment and hindrance of traffic on the road; Verify all activities for decommissioning work sites and construction to their former functional stage, as applicable. This refers also propose rectifying measures as needed. Verify and quantify the adequacy of the executed bio-engineering works for slope protection and erosion control; Verify and quantify the adequacy of the drainage structures, functionality of these structures, shortcomings in maintenance, and possible effects on private and communal lands, as well as on aquatic resources; Verify and quantify the course of any environmental degradation caused by Project activities, their likely consequences, and propose corrective measures, including the identification of responsibilities and costs; Verify and quantify the effects of disruption of natural water courses, drainage work, and their consequences; Verify and quantify the effects of losses in wildlife, degradation of forests, illegal extraction of forest products, hunting, wildlife trade and disturbance to wildlife. 9.6. Monitoring Indicators 248. Monitoring will be carried out in a transparent and credible manner by using established indicators. To ensure that the monitored parameters are replicable, i.e. they do not depend on the person or specific methodology used, the selected indicators are easy to be verified and controlled by the agencies where the final monitoring and supervision responsibility remains.
249. Use of standard checklists and formats is sought to be used by the monitoring staff both for site surveys and in the subsequent reports. Much of the monitoring is related to quantifying the observed impacts, and to verify the nature and extent of impacts, photographs, parameter tests, collect local accounts of stakeholders and technical experts. The monitoring will also include specific cause-effect analyses for the impacts observed. Following Table 31 specifies the set of verifiable indicators that will be used for monitoring.
Table 31: Monitoring Indicators Selected for this IEE Monitored Sector Parameters Selected for Monitoring . Number, location and extent of slope failures Soils, Landslides, Erosion, Waste . Cause analysis for slope failure natural/man-made management Sites . Area (ha.) of land, forest and properties affected . Number and extent of gully erosions and pavement failures . Suitability of corrective/bio-engineering measures . Sites and suitability for safe disposal of wastes and garbage . Number and plant species selected for bio-engineering, Bio-engineering disaggregated by protective function . Blockage of waterways - extent and secondary impacts Water Pollution, Water Resources . Water pollution incidents due to unsafe disposal of
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Monitored Sector Parameters Selected for Monitoring and their uses waste and spoil . Damage to farm lands . Assessment of noise level in site by direct observation Air and Noise Level in relation to and interview with stakeholders traffic volume . Visual assessment of dust development at selected sites/sensitive spots and interview with local stakeholders . Traffic volume measurements . Number and type of road accidents recorded in the Road Safety Traffic Police and in local health service centers . Suitability of local road signs . Frequency of road accidents inflicting wildlife Wildlife/ Habitat Disturbance & . DFO records of illegal timber extraction and wildlife Impacts on Forest Resources trade . Observations and handling of invasive species. . Number and extent of new settlements /types and ethnic Socio-economic Development near groups Road . Number and extent of new businesses . Number and extent of new services and utilities . Number of HHs resettled Resettled Households and . Income situation and opportunities for the resettlers livelihood restoration . Verification of compensation and assistance to resettlers . Number /schedule of campaigns and number of Community awareness beneficiaries programmes relating to . Revision of training agenda & information material environment protection and . Number of beneficiaries having received awareness avoidance of social conflicts training
250. The following Table 32 identifies the specific compliance monitoring activities. Phase- wise/chronological details are provided for the methods, schedules, responsible implementing agency and the responsible monitoring agency. The compliance monitoring refers primarily to the pre-construction and construction stage of the project. Table 33 details the impact and effect monitoring activities envisaged for this sub-project.
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Table 32: Compliance Monitoring of Devitar – Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project Parameters/Provisions Implementation Verifiable Indicator Verification Methods Frequency Responsible for Compliance Responsibility /Time Monitoring authority Final site selection as Consultant Incorporation of the IEE/EMP Review of revised Initial stage of DISC/DCC/DTO/ per IEE/EMP recommendations to the designing design document and surveying MoFALD/NRA recommendation document field verification. Site selection and Contractors Project arrangement for the Review of the design Once during DCC/MoFALD/CDO preparation of materials storage and the and construction construction construction logistics construction activities planning documents period Land and property DL-PIU Cadastral records, land and Review and verification Initial stage pre- DTO/DCC acquisition and properties acquisition procedures; of reports, photos; geo- construction compensation verification report referencing phase Use of the local Contractors Specification which obligate the Review of contract Trimester during DTO/DCC labours/ particularly contractors to observe certain specifications; records construction vulnerable groups and quotas for employing local of workers, attendance; period women labour, especially vulnerable payments made to groups , and women, use of child- workers followed by labour interview. Awareness and job Contractors Training programmes for the skill Review of records of Once before DTO/DCC training on the road development, OHS and training programmes, construction construction to the environmental protection reports, and documents technicians and the associated with the road with feedback from the locally employed construction work participant; Review of laborers attendance records Compliance to Contractors Health and safety regulations, Spot checklist at the Trimester during DTO/DCC occupational health first aid and medical arrangement, work sites, photo, construction safety measures contingency plan, number and accident record, period type of the safety equipment, interviews mask, helmet. glove and safety belt Compliance to Contractors Arrangement specified in the Review of related logs Trimester during DTO/DCC
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Parameters/Provisions Implementation Verifiable Indicator Verification Methods Frequency Responsible for Compliance Responsibility /Time Monitoring authority environmental code of the practice and manuals and codes along with construction protection measures, relating to the environmental site inspection, period including pollution protection, records and the discussion with the prevention, water and observation pollution, waste project management, spoil management, management, spoil deposit consultants and the local slope stabilization, people. Review of air landfill, waste quality and noise level management measurement and water quality test reports. Measures to protect Contractors Dust level and noise level at work Review of noise Trimester during DTO/DCC/DFO environment from air sites, major settlements and measurement records, construction and noise pollution sensitive spots like health centers Observation of good period and private spots construction practices and discussion with residents and workers Measure to protect Contractors Dust level and the noise level at Review of water quality Trimester during DTO/DCC/DFO water body from the work site, major settlements check records. construction pollution and the sensitive spot like health Observation of the good period centre and schools construction practices and discussion with residents and workers Restoration, Contractors Continued service by the facilities Site observation, Once at the end DTO/DCC rehabilitation, and functional public life Municipality/DCC of construction reconstruction of all the records public infrastructure, service consultation meeting, disrupted or damaged photos by the proposal activities Adequate technical and CL-PIU/DCC/ Adequate number of technicians Review of records of Trimester during DTO/DCC the environmental DTO/CISC/ regularly at site number and type of construction
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Parameters/Provisions Implementation Verifiable Indicator Verification Methods Frequency Responsible for Compliance Responsibility /Time Monitoring authority supervision technician available at period site, Skill of work carried out. Clean up and Contractors Decommissioned site indicate no Review of clearance Once at the end DTO/DCC reinstatement of the adverse/residual environmental from the owners; Site of construction construction sites impacts and are rehabilated to the observation, Comparing (camps, quarries, satisfication of supervisor and Photos, Consulting to burrow pits) land owner owner or local community
Table 33: Impact Monitoring of Devitar – Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification Location Schedule Responsible /Indicator Methods Implementation and Monitoring Agency Slope stability Inclination, slope failures, causes; Site observation, Near steep slopes and Continuously DL-PIU/NRA during and drainage facilities such as catch photos at landslide areas and during construction; erosion drain, side drains and functionality discussion with people sites construction and DCC/DSCO during of cross drainage structures; fresh and technicians operation operation gullies and erosion; success/failure of bio-engineering solutions Quarrying of Changes in the river regimes, Bank Site observation, Quarry sites areas Trimester during DISC/DCC/DTO aggregates cutting and loss of agricultural land photos, discussion construction with the local people Bio-engineering Re-vegetation through bio- Site observation; Cut slope area, where During and at the DISC/DCC/DTO of disturbed engineering application on inspection of nursery vegetation is cleared; end of Sub- slopes disturbed slope; establishment of and its production nursery sites project
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Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification Location Schedule Responsible /Indicator Methods Implementation and Monitoring Agency nursery rate, construction photos, measurements Disposal of Affected aesthetic value, affected Site observation and At specific locations During DISC/DCC/DTO spoils and forest and agriculture land, interviews, photos, where such sites occur construction construction initiated land erosion by local geo-referencing sites wastes blocked drainage, hazard to downhill slope residents and agricultural lands Loss or Status of road side land; Observation, data Road side land and During DISC/DCC/DTO degradation of production/yield; collection and analysis houses construction farmland, houses status of road side houses; status of and interview with and properties standing crop along alignment stakeholders Water quality Observation of open defecation and Visual observation Local streams During DISC/DCC/DTO waste disposal around water construction; sources near construction sites upon demand for testing with field kit Air quality Dust level in ambient air Visual inspection At construction sites During DISC/DCC/DTO and at sensitive spots construction Forest and Numbers of trees, presence of Observations, In and around the During DFO/DCC/DTO/ vegetation ground vegetation, signs of illicit DFO/CFUGs/RFUG construction sites, construction and DISC/CFUGs logging and extraction of NTFPs records, photos markets Operation Wildlife Wildlife hunting and poaching by Interview with local Forest areas at Twice a year DFO/DCC/DTO/ workforce, trade of wildlife, road people/CFUGs/DFO/ roadside during DISC/CFUGs accidents inflicting wildlife RFUG and construction and observations routine during
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Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification Location Schedule Responsible /Indicator Methods Implementation and Monitoring Agency operation Change in Numbers of people employed by Records kept by the Sub-project area Trimester during DISC/DCC/DTO economy the project during construction, project management, construction numbers of women in work forces discussion with phase stakeholders Trade and Numbers of shops increased or Records, interviews, Throughout sub- Once in a year DISC/DCC/DTO/ commerce decreased, rental of houses and observations, photos project area Municipality land spaces Occupational Type and number of accident Observations, photos, Throughout sub- During DCC/DTO/DISC safety and hazard occurred during construction; spotchecks, project area construction adequacy of occupational safety contractors and health measured provided; compensation centre records provided in case of fatal accidents interview with workers Change in socio- Number and extent of new Observations, Throughout sub- During operation DCC/Municipality economic settlements/types and ethnic interview with local project area structure groups; nos. and extent of new people, DCC, Police businesses; nos and extent of new and Municipality and services and utilities, social Ward records conflicts Acess to social Increase in number of people Records, interviews Project area During operation DCC/Municipality services receiving social service facilities (Schools, health post) Enhancement of Change in transportation cost and Records, interviews Project area During operation DCC/Municipality transportation time services
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Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification Location Schedule Responsible /Indicator Methods Implementation and Monitoring Agency Change in Change in number of porters and Interviews with local Project area During operation DCC/Municipality livelihood pattern their livelihoods, change in people, observation occupational status and FGDs with local community Ribbon Congestions to road users and nos. Records, observations Throughout sub During operation DCC/Local settlement of accidents, RoW encroachment project area administration
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9.7. Cost of Mitigation and Enhancement 251. Various activities of mitigation measures such as slope stabilization, quarry site management, spoil disposal, supply of the masks, helmets, ear mufflers, accidental insurances, slope retention and toe wall protection, spoil disposal, relocation of utilities, etc. have been incorporated in the design and cost estimates. Therefore, most of the mitigation measure suggested would be a part of the road design and construction without additional cost. Some of the social mitigation and enhancement cost have been included in the Resettlement Plan (RP) and Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Action Plan (GESI-AP) RP and GESI-AP that have been prepared as separate reports. The estimate of the environmental cost of the sub-project has been itemized in Table 34. All proposed mitigation measures will be an integral part of the project design during reconstruction and operation phases. The cost for environmental mitigation measures and benefit augmentation is NRs. 14,807,535.94 where NRs. 13,373,150.02 is allocated within civil work cost and 1,434,385.92 will be in addition to civil work cost.
Table 34: Estimate of Environmental Cost of the Sub-Project SN Particulars Amount (NRs.) 1 Environmental Management Cost 1.1 Environmental/conservation awareness program 250,000.00 1.2 Tourism promotion awareness (A three days homestay management training to 150,000.00 15 people from project area) 1.3 Hoarding boards at road site (4 places) for awareness about important wildlife 160,000.00 and their conservation. 1.4 Compensatory plantation & protection cost for trees on CF 293,951.25 1.5 Compensatory plantation & protection cost for trees on RF 153,221.25 1.6 Compensatory plantation & protection cost for trees on Private Land 27,213.42 1.7 Roadside plantation 200,000.00 1.8 Environmental monitoring cost 200,000.00 Sub-total (I) 1,434,385.92 2 Other environmental cost (included in civil works cost also) 2.1 Contractor's workmen and employees and third party insurance against damage 1,200,000.00 to other persons and property (Ref Appendix 9, item 1.1) 2.2 Relocation of Utilities (water supply and telephone poles) (Ref Appendix 9, 400,000.00 item 1.4) 2.3 Maintenance of existing road, providing and maintaining traffic safety, control 684,000.00 measures and temporary diversions during construction including water spraying thrice a week to avoid dust pollution. (Ref Appendix 9, item 1.5) 2.4 Labour camp maintenance (Ref Appendix 9, item 1.8) 360,000.00 2.5 Environmental Mitigation Works (Ref Appendix 9, item 1.10) 300,000.00 2.6 Social Compliance and Safeguard (Ref Appendix 9, item 1.11) 200,000.00 2.7 Spoil Disposal 6,275,357.81 2.8 Bioengineering and landslide retention (Ref Appendix 9, item 7) 3,583,154.82 2.9 Installation of traffic signals (Ref Appendix 9, item 6.4) 370,637.39 Subtotal II 13,373,150.02 Total EMP Cost 14,807,535.94
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9.8. Resettlement and Gender and Social Inclusion As mentioned in preceeding chapters, the project will acquire private land; private structures will be damaged and trees standing on private land need to be felled. The summary of resettlement cost has been presented in Table 35. Similarly, the proponent will also carry out activities related to Gender and Social Inclusion and the summary of the necessary cost is presented in Table 35. Table 35: Summary of Resettlement Plan and Gender and Social Inclusion Plan Cost 4 Resettlement Plan Cost 1.1 Compensation cost (land, trees, relocation cost for private and community 41,396,412.40 structures within RoW) 1.2 Deed transfer assistance and fees 184,888.00 1.3 Income generation and livelihood improvement training 800,000.00 1.4 Contingency (20%) 8,476,260.08 Total 50,857,560.48 2 Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Plan Cost 2.1 WASH Awareness Training 25,000.00 2.2 Psycho-social Counseling 25,000.00 2.3 Livelihood Improvement Training 50,000.00 Total 100,000.00
9.9. Costs of Environmental Monitoring 252. Monitoring is an integral part of the project in finding the unlikely impacts and implement corrective measures for them. The proponent will develop in-built monitoring mechanism to show its additional commitment for environmental improvement and mitigate undesirable changes, if any during construction and operation stage. District Level Implementation Team in district and Environmental specialist for EEAP will conduct environmental monitoring with the support of DCC/DTO.
253. According to the Work Procedure for Environmental Impact Assessment for Reconstruction of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.), the NRA is responsible for the monitoring and evaluation of identified impacts during implementation of the project. CL-PIU (MoFALD) and DL-PIU (DCC/DTO) will make arrangements for the project level monitoring. Beside this, it is recommended that an external team hired by NRA will take the responsibility for the monitoring. In addition, regular supervision and guidance will be also provided by the CISC. At least one monitoring in each construction season is necessary. The reporting requirement has been discussed in the preceeding section. Total cost of environmental monitoring (professional fees, transportation and visit and report preparation) is estimated NRs. 200,000 and is presented in Table 36.
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Table 36: Estimated Cost for Environmental Monitoring SN Description Unit Quantity Rate Amount (NRs.) I Compliance and Impact Monitoring 1 Professional Fees (Environmental Expert) Month 1 75000 75000 2 Field Visit (Transportation and Logistic) LS 20000 20000 3 Report Preparation LS 25000 25000 Subtotal 120,000 II Central Level Monitoring LS 80,000 Total 200,000
9.10. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 254. Four levels of grievance redress mechanism (GRM) have been sought in order to resolve complaints related to sub-projects in timely and satisfactory manner and preferably at the local level through a process of conciliation; and, if that is not possible, to provide clear and transparent procedures for appeal. All affected persons will be informed about their rights, and the detailed grievance redress procedures will be publicized through an effective public information campaign.
9.10.1. First level of GRM 255. The contractors, and design and supervision consultants on site are the most immediate and accessible and thus responsible party to hear and address the grievances. Prior to construction works, the CL-PIU and DL-PIU will ensure local community meetings are held to notify local residents of the sub-project activities and their possible implications. If any complaints arise, the contractors, consultants, and DL-PIU will immediately resolve the complaint on site if it falls within their scope or jurisdiction. The CL-PIU can also be involved in grievance redress at this stage. The CL-PIU and DL-PIU office phone number will be posted in public areas within the sub-project areas and construction sites. Any person with a grievance related to the sub-project can contact the project to file a complaint. The DL-PIU offices will have a safeguards focal person to resolve complaints. The safeguards focal person will document the complaint, and immediately address and resolve the issue with the contractor within 1-2 days, if the complaint remains unresolved at the field level. The DL-PIU may seek assistance of the consultant safeguards specialists (the environmental specialist or social safeguards specialist) to resolve the issue. The DL-PIU safeguards focal person will notify the CL-PIU safeguards focal person about the receipt of the complaint, and whether it was resolved. The DL-PIU safeguards focal person will document the following information: (i) name of the person; (ii) date complaint was received; (iii) nature of complaint; (iv) location, and (v) how the complaint was resolved.
9.10.2. Second level of GRM 256. If the grievance remains unresolved, the DL-PIU will forward the complaint to the CL- PIU safeguards focal person notifying the person filing the grievance. The CL-PIU will address the grievance through continuous interactions with affected persons. Corrective measures will be undertaken at the field level by the CL-PIU safeguards focal person within 7 days. He/she will document the following information: (i) name of the person; (ii) date complaint was received; (iii) nature of complaint; (iv) location and (v) how the complaint was resolved.
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9.10.3. Third level of GRM 257. Third level of GRM involves a Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) to address the complaints that could not be resolved by the CL-PIU. It is constituted by the EA and will, based on review of the grievances, address them in consultation with the NRA, CL-PIU, DL-PIU, and affected persons. The GRC will consist of at least five members including NRA leadership, affected persons, and stakeholder representative and others nominated to provide impartial, balanced views on any issues. A hearing will be called at the GRC, if necessary, where the affected person can present his/her concern and issues. The process will promote conflict resolution through mediation. The GRC will meet as necessary when there are grievances to be addressed. The GRC will suggest corrective measures at the field level and assign clear responsibilities for implementing its decision within 15 days. The functions of the GRC are: (i) to provide support to affected persons on problems arising from environmental or social disruption, asset acquisition (where required), and eligibility for entitlements, compensation, and assistance; (ii) to record grievances of affected persons, categorize and prioritize them, and provide solutions within 15 days; and (iii) to report to the aggrieved parties developments regarding their grievances and decisions of the GRC. The safeguards focal person will be responsible for processing and placing all papers before the GRC, recording decisions, issuing minutes of the meetings, and taking follow-up action to see that formal orders are issued and the decisions carried out.
9.10.4. Fourth level of GRM 258. If the grievance is not addressed by all the above mechanisms, the affected person can seek legal redress in the formal legal court system. The GRM however does not prevent affected persons from seeking legal redress at any time. The grievance redress mechanism and procedure is depicted in Figure 7.
1st Level Grievances Contractor, 1-2 days Grievances DL-PIU Redressed Not Redressed
2nd Level Grievances CL-PIU 7days Grievances
Redressed Not Redressed
rd 3 Level Grievances GRC 15 days Grievances Redressed
Not Redressed
4th Level Grievances Higher Authority/Court of Law
Figure 8: Grievance Redress Mechanism as Per EARF of EEAP
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9.10.5. Procedure for Grievances Handling as Per National Law 259. The Work Procedure for Management of Grievance related to Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, 2016 framed under the Reconstruction of Earthquake Affected Structures Act, 2015 has defined four mechanisms for grievance management which are listed below in order of ascending hierarchy: a) Local (Rural Municipality/Municipality/Ward) Level Grievance Redress Committee coordinated by the head of the administrative unit. b) District Level (District Administration Office (DAO)/DCC) Level Grievance Redress Committee headed or coordinated by Chief District Officer (CDO). c) Sub-regional Office of NRA d) NRA coordinated by the committee member deployed by Executive Committee. 260. Complaints or grievances are received at the local level grievance redress committee which will record and categorize them according to their subject. The grievances that cannot be redressed by the local level committee are passed on to district level committee within 15 days of receipt and so on. The sub-regional office is also mandated to coordinate and facilitate in redress of grievance at local and district level. The work procedure provides detailed guideline for receiving and addressing grievances related to construction of private residence only. Although it mentions about other grievances related to rehabilitation and reconstruction of other infrastructures and economic and social recovery, it is silent about the detail procedure of handling such grievances. Nonetheless, these mechanisms can be used to redress grievances related with reconstruction and rehabilitation activities.
261. The work procedure related to land acquisition for earthquake-affected structures, 2016 has provisions related receiving and addressing complaints related to land acquired for rehabilitation and reconstruction of infrastructures. The details about the land allowed for acquisition shall be published in a national or local daily newspaper to solicit grievance from the respective owner. The affected party can lodge a complaint with reasons at the executive committee within 15 days. The executive committee will conduct necessary investigations and address the complaint within 10 days of receipt of the complaint and notify the affected party and program head. As per the procedure, complaints can be lodged regarding dissatisfaction on the compensation fixed for the land to be acquired. The complaint will to be addressed by the executive committee within 7 days of receipt.
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1 st Level Grievances Local Level Grievances GRC Redressed Not Redressed
2nd Level Grievances District Level Grievances GRC Redressed Not Redressed
3rd Level Grievances Sub-Regional Grievances
NRA Office Redressed Not Redressed
4th Level Grievances NRA/Central Office
Figure 9: Grievance Redress Mechanism in National Law
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10. CONCLUSION 262. The condition due to poor geometry of the Devitar – Phulasipokhari Section of Devitar – Doramba – Paseban – Kolibagar Road was further aggravated by the landslides triggered after the April 25 and May 12 earthquake. The proposed road reconstruction and rehabilitation sub- project is essential to realize the full potential of the existing infrastructure and for providing safe and easy access to people living in the region. Besides facilitating socio-economic recovery of the earthquake affected people of the region, it will have long-term impact on the development of local areas. Additionally, implementation of this sub-project is expected to bring several immediate short term benefits like employment generation, increase in the local economy and enhancement of the technical skills, especially during construction phase.
263. Moreover, the project has been expected to have minimal detrimental effect on the physical, biological, socioeconomic and cultural environment of area. Most of the adverse impacts (identified and predicted) are short and medium term in nature as well as reversible in nature. Similarly, identified environmental adverse impacts are locally confined and limited mainly to the period of construction. The sub-project needs acquisition of private land, but that will not bring any resettlement. Few stands of trees have to be felled and few private structures to be relocated. With set of the proposed mitigation measures, most of impacts can be minimized or even set off. Bioengineering measures have been proposed in the Design to stabilize slopes and control further slides. In addition, proposed road does not exceed any of the thresholds prescribed by Working Procedure for Reconstruction of Earthquake Affected Structure, 2016 and other relevant acts and rule. For this time, IEE is sufficient for implementation of project.
264. The sub-project can be undertaken with minimal harm to the physical, biological and social environment of the area by adopting the safeguard measures described in this IEE report.
265. The proposed rehabilitation and reconstruction sub-poject is recommended for implementation with incorporation of the mitigation measures and environmental monitoring plan. Key consideration should be given to settle down all the social and environmental issues related to sub-project before implementation of sub-project works.
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REFERENCES: ADB. (2009). Safeguard Policy Statement, June 2009. Asian Development Bank, Manila. ADB. (2015). Environmental Assessment and Review Framework: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project, June 2015. ADB. (2015). Project Administration Manual: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project, June 2015. ADB. (2015). Resettlement Framework: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project, June 2015. An Act Made To Provide for Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures, 2015, Nepal Gazette Section 65) Kathmandu 20 December 2015 (5 Poush 2072) (Extraordinary Issue) Baral, H.S and Shah K.B, (2064). Wild Mammals of Nepal. Himalayan Nature, Kathmandu. Constitution of Nepal 2072, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu DDC Ramechhap. (2061). District profile of Dolakha, 2061, District Development Committee, Ramechhap. Dhital M.R. (2015). Geology of the Nepal Himalaya, Regional Geology Reviews, Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-02496-7_30 DoR. (2003). Reference manual for the Environmental and Social aspects of the Integrated Road Development. Ministry of the Physical Planning and works Department of the Road, Kathmandu. DoR. (2007). Environmental and Social Management Framework, a guideline to the environmental and social issues associated with new road construction and upgrading. Ministry of the Physical Planning and Works, Department of Road, Kathmandu. Earthquake Affected Structures Reconstruction Rules, 2016, Nepal Gazette Section 65) Kathmandu 20 December 2015 (5 Poush 2072) (Extraordinary Issue) Earthquake Affected Structures Reconstruction Work Procedures, 2016, Nepal Gazette Volume 5, Section 65) Number 49 (2072/12/01) (Notices 1, 2 and 3), Kathmandu Fleming, R Sr. and Jr. and Bangdel, L.S. (1976). Birds of Nepal. R.C. Fleming (Sr. and Jr.) Kathmandu, Nepal. GoN. (1995). Topographical Sheet No. 2786 01, 2786 05A and 2786 05B, Department of Survey. GoN. (1999). Approach for development of Agricultural and Rural roads Grievance Management Procedure for Reconstruction of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2016, National Reconstruction Authority, Kathmandu Inskipp, C. and Inskipp, T. (1985). A guide to birds of Nepal. Croom Helm, London, England. IUCN. (2014). IUCN red list of threatened species, version 2012.2, www.iucnredlist.org Jnwali, S.R., Baral, H.S., Lee, S., Acharaya, K.P., Upadhyay, G.P., Pandey, M., Shrestha, R., Joshi, D., Laminchhane, B.R., Griffiths, J., Khatiwada, A.P., Subedi, N., and Amin, R. (2011).
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The Status of Nepal Mammals: The National Red List Series, Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Kathmandu Nepal Labor Act, 1991, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu Local Self-Governance Act, 1999, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu Local Self-Governance Regulations, 2000, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu Martin, G.J. (1995). Ethnobotany: A People and Plant Conservation Manual. Chapman and Hall, London. MoE/NAPA. (2010). Climate Change Vulnerability Mapping for Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal. National Population and Housing Census, 2011, Central Bureau of Statistics. National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, 1993, Nepal Gazette Volume, 45 Number 19 Kathmandu Polunin, O. and Stainton, A. (1984): Flowers of the Himalaya. Oxford University Press. Press, J.R., Shrestha K. K. and Stainton, J. D.A. (2000): Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal, The Natural History Museum, London and Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Shrestha, K. (1985). A Field Guide to Nepali Names for Plants. Natural History Museum, Institute of Science and Technology, T.U., Kathmandu, Nepal. Singh, A.P. (2001). Flowering Plants of Nepal (Phanerogams). Bulletin of Department of Plant Resources No. 18. HMG/N, MoFSC, Dept. of Plant Resources, National Herbarium and Plant Laboratories, Godavary, Lalitpur, Nepal. Solid Waste Management and Resource Mobilization Act 2011, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu Solid Waste Management and Resource Mobilization Regulation 2012, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu Uprety, B.K. (2003). Safeguarding the resources Environmental Impact Assessment process and Practice. Utara Uprety, Kathmandu. Water Resources Act 1992, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu Water Resources Regulation 1993, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu
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111 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap Appendix 2: Environmental Assessment and Climate Risk Screening Checklist 2a: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist Instructions: (i) The PMU completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to ADB. (ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists. (iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.
Subroject Title: Devitar-Phulasipokhari Section of Devitar-Doramba-Paseban-Kolibagaar Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-Project
IA: MoFALD and DCC/DTO
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS A. Project sitting Is the project area adjacent to or within any of the following environmentally sensitive areas? Cultural heritage site
. Protected area
Wetland
Mangrove
Estuarine
Buffer Zone of Protected Area
Special area for protecting biodiversity B. Potential environmental impacts
Will the project cause…
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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS There are no historic or cultural Encroachment on historical/cultural areas along the road alignment. areas; disfiguration of landscape by Disfiguration of landscape will road embankments, cuts, fills, and occur due to cut and fill, however, quarries? cut and fill volume will be
balanced. Encroachment on precious ecology (e.g. Sensitive or protected areas)? Alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways crossed by roads,
resulting in increased sediment in streams affected by increased soil erosion at construction site? Deterioration of surface water quality due to silt runoff and sanitary wastes There will be no significant
from worker-based camps and impact. chemicals used in construction? Increased local air pollution due to rock There will be no significant air
crushing, cutting and filling works, and pollution as is reconstruction of chemicals from asphalt processing? existing gravel road Risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational health and safety due to physical, chemical, biological, and radiological hazards during project construction and operation during project construction and operation? Noise and vibration due to blasting and
other civil works Resettlement Plan will be Dislocation or involuntary resettlement prepared to address involuntary
of people resettlement of the affected people. Private structures like house and shop will be dislocated within the Dislocation and compulsory formation width of the road and resettlement of people living in right- they will be provided with of-way? compensation based on Resettlement Plan. Disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?
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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS Other social concerns relating to inconveniences in living conditions in
the project areas that may trigger cases Not envisaged. of upper respiratory problems and stress? Hazardous driving conditions where construction interferes with pre-existing roads? The road will be constructed by Poor sanitation and solid waste disposal the local people who will come in construction camps and work sites, from their home for work and and possible transmission of campsite management will be communicable diseases from workers done for workers outside the to local populations? project area. Road construction is in hilly Creation of temporary breeding habitats region. So, there will be no for mosquito vectors of disease? breeding habitats for mosquitoes. Accident risks associated with increased vehicular traffic, leading to Traffic volume is negligible. accidental spills of toxic materials and loss of life? Traffic volume will be minimal Increased noise and air pollution and traffic speed will be very slow resulting from traffic volume? (<20km/hour) due to earthen raod. Increased risk of water pollution from oil, grease and fuel spills, and other materials from vehicles using the road? Social conflicts if workers from other regions or countries are hired? Large population influx during project construction and operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)? Risks to community health and safety due to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during construction and operation?
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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS Community safety risks due to both accidental and natural causes, especially where the structural elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning.
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2b: Checklist for Preliminary Climate Risk Screening Country/Project Title: Nepal, Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) Sector : Emergency Assistance Sub-sector: Road Division/Department: District/Rural Road(MoFALD/DCC/DTO)
Screening Questions Score Remarks Location and Is sitting and/or routing of the project (or its components) likely 1 Landslide Design of to be affected by climate conditions including extreme weather project related events such as floods, droughts, storms, landslides? Would the project design (e.g. the clearance for bridges) need to 0 consider any hydro-meteorological parameters (e.g., sea-level, peak river flow, reliable water level, peak wind speed etc.)? Materials and Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions (e.g. 1 Maintenance prevailing humidity level, temperature contrast between hot summer days and cold winter days, exposure to wind and humidity hydro-meteorological parameters likely affect the selection of project inputs over the life of project outputs (e.g. construction material)? Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions, and 1 related extreme events likely affect the maintenance (scheduling and cost) of project output(s)? Performance of Would weather/climate conditions and related extreme events 2 Gravel project outputs likely affect the performance (e.g. annual power production) of project output(s) (e.g. hydro-power generation facilities) Road throughout their design life time?
Options for answers and corresponding score are provided below: Response Score Not Likely 0 Likely 1 Very Likely 2 Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk project. If adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2 was given to any single response, the project will be assigned a medium risk category. A total score of 5 or more (which include providing a score of 1 in all responses) or a 2 in any single response will be categorized as high risk project. Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, High): 5 (High) Other Comments: For it is a hill road, the road and its performance is very likely to be affected by impacts of climate change and climate induced extreme events, especially heavy rainfall. Prepared by:
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Appendix 3: Checklists for Baseline Infromation Collection
A. Physical Environment Parameter Description
Topography
Geology (Rock and Soil Types)
Erosion and Sedimentation
Quarry Sites
Sites for Labour Camp
Site for Storage and Stockpiling
Access and Diversion if necessary
River Training Works
Land Use
Air Quality
Water Quality
Noise Level
Spoil disposal sites
Drainage Network and Ground Water
Status of Channel Shifting
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B. Vegetation and Wildlife Vegetation in the project area SN Local Botanical Location Vegetation Local Local Protection Status Name Name Type Status Use GoN IUCN CITES
Mammals in the project area SN Common Scientific Habitat Local Crop/Livestock Local Protection Status Name Name Status Raider Use GoN IUCN CITES
Birds Sighted in the project area SN Common Name Scientific Name Type Habitat Local Status Protection Status IUCN CITES GoN
Herpeto-fauna in the Project Area S.N. Local Name Scientific Habitat Local Status Code Local Name Status CITIES IUCN GoN Use
Fish in the Project Area S.N. Local Name Scientific Name Status of Migratory Observed Occurrence Status/Season Location
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C. Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment along road alignment Parameter Description (Chainagewise Detail)
Demography
a) Population (Male, Female)
b) Caste Ethnicity
c) Language
d) Religion and Culture
e) Literacy
Occupation
Migration Patten
Public Health and Sanitation
Drinking Water Supply
Education Facilities
Communication
Fuel and Energy
Road and Transportation
Land Holding
Food Sufficiency
Irrigation
Health Care System
Market
Business and Industries
Religious and Cultural Sites
Non governmental activities
Development Potential
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Detail of Project Affected Structures
D. Landslides and Erosion Prone Areas along Road Alignment Chainages Locations or Size of Protection SN Cause of Failure From To (Left/Right) Failure Structure
Settlements and Population of the along the Road Corridor Population SN Settlement VDC & Ward HH Caste/Ethnicity Male Female Total
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Appendix 4: Public Notice
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Government of Nepal Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development Office of District Development Committee Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project District Level Project Implementation Unit Ramechhap
Public notice for comments and suggestion on the Initial Environmental Examination (Date of first publication: 2072/12/22) Through the Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) being implemented by loan and grant assistance from Asian Development Bank (ADB) and technical and grant assistance from Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), counterpart funding from Government of Nepal (GoN), District Development Committee (DDC) Ramechhap has proposed rehabilitation and reconstruction of the following roads. In the course, this notice has been published for the implementation of an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report as per the provision of the Rule 7 (2) of the Environment Protection Rules 1997 (amended 1999 AD). SN Proposed Road Affected VDCs Description of Project 1 Devitar- Phulasipokhari VDC Proposed road starts at Devitar of Phulasi VDC Phulasipokhari and ends at Pokharidada of the same Phulasi VDC. This road will be 16 km long and 6.25 m wide with side drain. 2 Haldebesi-Dhobi- Tilpung, Nagdaha, Proposed road starts at Haldebesi of Tilpung Dhandbesi Bijurikot, Saipu VDC and ends at Dhandbesi of Saipu VDC. VDCs This road will be 36 km long and 6.25 m wide with side drain
It is requested to provide comments and suggestions about the impacts on the environment through the implementation of sub-project, from the relevant VDCs, school, health post, forest user group, concerned stakeholders, organization and local people within 15 days from the first date of its publication in the following address. The comments and suggestions can be sent to Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads, Pulchwok and Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development, Singhadurbar. Address to send comments and suggestions: District Development District Technical Office, Earthquake Emergency Assistance Committee, Ramechhap Ramechhap, District Project, Central Project Telephone no: 048-540114 Implementation Unit Implementation Unit Fax No: 048-540029 Telephone no: 048-540491 Telephone no: 01-5532331 Fax No.: 048-540491 Fax No: [email protected]
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Appendix 5: Deeds of Inquiries
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Appendix 6: Recommendation Letters
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Appendix 7: Minutes of Public Consultations
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Appendix 8: Tree Loss and Compensatory Plantation 8a: Trees to be felled from Community Forest and Compensatory Plantation Requirement Chainages Name of Name of Species to be Felled Scientific Name Number of Trees to Compensatory Forest be Felled Plantation (1:25 ) 0+280 to Shree Sheradevi Sal Shorea robusta 7 175 1+500 and CF Uttis Alnus nepalensis 3 75 0+900 to Khote Salla Pinus roxburghii 9 225 2+280 Khirro Sapium insignae 1 25 Total no of trees for Shree Sheradevi CF 20 500 Total Cost of Plantation@NRs 157.15/plant (NRs) 78575.00 4+400 to Setidevi Uttis Alnus nepalensis 5 125 6+500 and Saunepani CF Chilaune Schima wallichii 11 275 6+040 to Khote Salla Pinus roxburghii, 34 850 7+950 Total no of trees for Setidevi Saunepani CF 50 1250 Total Cost of Plantation@NRs 157.15/plant (NRs) 196437.50 Total No of Trees from all CFs 70 1750 Total Cost of Plantation in all CFs (NRs) 275012.50
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8b: Trees to be felled from Religious Forest and Compensatory Plantation Requirement Chainages Name of Forest Name of Species Scientific Name Number of Trees Compensatory to be Felled to be Felled Plantation (1:25 ) 13+180 to 13+500 and Shree Hari Siddhi Khote Salla Pinus roxburghii 6 150 13+940 to 15+350 Religious Forest Group Uttis Alnus nepalensis 32 800 Dale Ghas Garuga pinnata 1 25 Total no. of Trees to be removed from RF and compensatory plantation 39 975 Total Cost of Plantation in RF @NRs 157.15/plant (NRs) 153221.25
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8c: Cost Calculation for Compensatory Plantation in CF/RF SN Description Unit Total quantity Rate (NRs.) Amount (NRs.) Remarks Seedling cost No 1760 20 35,200.00 20 Plantation per ha 20(1) Site selection and survey Persondays 3 535 1,605.00 20.2(b) Site clearance Persondays 10 535 5,350.00 25% shrubs and grasses 20.3 Fixing of pit distance (1600 pits) Persondays 3 535 1,605.00 20.5(a)i Pitting of 45X30X30 cm pit Persondays 32 535 17,120.00 50% slope 20.6(a)iii Seedling transportation Persondays 6 535 3,210.00 1 km distance 20.6(b)iii Seedling transportation (within) Persondays 3 535 1,605.00 20.7(a) Plantation Persondays 20 535 10,700.00 Up to 50% slope 32.1(b) Weeding Persondays 18 535 9,630.00 32.3 Replacement plantation (10%) Persondays 9 535 4,815.00 33.1(b) Prunning Persondays 25 535 13,375.00 Up to 50% slope Sub-total 104,215.00 35 Fencing per 200 running meter 35.2(a)ii Preparation of 100 poles of 30-40cm girth and 1.8m height Persondays 8 535 4,280.00 35.4 Five line barbed wire fencing (100 running meter) 35.4(a) Barbed wire (14 gauge) Kg 143 125 71,500.00 Wooden pole (10cmx10cmx1.8m) No 88 No cost Unail Kg 4.2 125 2,100.00 35.3(b) Pitting for poles Persondays 14 535 29,960.00 35.4(c) Stretching and tightening of barbed wire Persondays 24 535 51,360.00 Sub-total 159,200.00 Total 263,415.00 Contingency (5%) 13,170.75 Grand Total 276,585.75 Per plant cost 157.15 1600+10% plants with 2.5m x 2.5m spacing
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8d: Trees to be felled from Private Land and Compensatory Plantation Requirement SN Name of Owner Chainages Species to be Scientific Name No. of Compensatory Total Cost Felled Trees Plantation (1:1) NRs @ 65.26/plant 1 Khiraraj Giri 0+165 Khote Salla Pinus roxburghii 1 1 65.26 2 Bhabat Karki 0+85 Khote Salla Pinus roxburghii 1 1 65.26 3 Ram Bdr. Thapa 0+920 Sal Shorea robusta 1 1 65.26 Bamboo Dendrocalamus strictus 50 50 3263 4 Sitamaya Thapa 0+990 Sal Shorea robusta 4 4 261.04 6 Lipu and AMbika Saru 1+070-1+120 Sal Shorea robusta 9 9 587.34 7 Nir Bahadur Jarga 1+220-1+280 Sal Shorea robusta 1 1 65.26 Chilaune Schima wallichii 2 2 130.52 Khirro Sapiuminsignae 1 1 65.26 8 Khi Kumari Rawat 2+580-2+640 Ghuiyalo Callicarpa arborea 1 1 65.26 Khota Salla Pinus roxburghii 1 1 65.26 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 2 2 130.52 9 Yam Bahadur Thapa 2+680 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 4 4 261.04 Mauwa Engelhardtia spicata 4 4 261.04 Chilaune Schima wallichii 1 1 65.26 10 Man Bahadur Rana Magar 3+000-3+080 Chilaune Schima wallichii 3 3 195.78 11 Bishnumaya Kami 3+110-3+360 Khote Salla Pinus roxburghii 1 1 65.26 Chilaune Schima wallichii 2 2 130.52 Sal Shorea robusta 1 1 65.26 12 Prem Bahadur Rana Magar 3+540 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 4 4 261.04 13 Patali Kamini 3+570-3+620 Khirro Sapium insignae 3 3 195.78 Chilaune Schima wallichii 5 5 326.3 Patmero Cornus macrophylla 1 1 65.26
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SN Name of Owner Chainages Species to be Scientific Name No. of Compensatory Total Cost Felled Trees Plantation (1:1) NRs @ 65.26/plant Sal Shorea robusta 1 1 65.26 14 Rana Bahadur Magar 3+630 Chilaune Schima wallichii 2 2 130.52 15 Ram Bahadur Thapa 3+640-3+710 Khote Salla Pinus roxburghii 2 2 130.52 Chilaune Schima wallichii 5 5 326.3 16 Dhan Bahadur Kami 3+750-3+780 Chilaune Schima wallichii 1 1 65.26 Khirro Sapium insigne 1 1 65.26 17 Kirti Bahadur Adhikari 3+800 Chilaune Schima wallichii 1 1 65.26 18 Ganga Bahadur Thapa Magar 3+960, 3+970 Chilaune Schima wallichii 2 2 130.52 Khote Salla Pinus roxburghii 2 2 130.52 19 Jhanak Bahadur Thapa Magar 4+010-4+240 Chilaune Schima wallichii 2 2 130.52 Khote Salla Pinus roxburghii 1 1 65.26 20 Tej Bahadur Adhikari 6+080-6+390 Khote Salla Pinus roxburghii 9 9 587.34 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 3 3 195.78 21 Prem Kumari BK 8+000, 8+020 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 5 5 326.3 22 Vaadi Sarki 8+020 Patmero Cornus macrophylla 1 1 65.26 23 Mohan Bahadur Thapa 8+200 Nevaro Ficus nemoralis 1 1 65.26 24 Bir Bahadur Sunar 8+420 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 1 65.26 25 Ram Bahadur Adhikari 8+780-8+880 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 3 3 195.78 Chilaune Schima wallichii 2 2 130.52 26 Nar Bahadur Adhikari 8+890-8+900 Patmero Cornus macrophylla 3 3 195.78 Pati Buddleja paniculata 13 13 848.38 27 Bhim Bahadur Khatri 9+150 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 5 5 326.3 28 Narayan Bahadur Adhikari 9+300-9+450 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 8 8 522.08 Sal Shorea robusta 2 2 130.52 29 Narendra Bahadur Khatri 9+540-9+560 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 6 6 391.56
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SN Name of Owner Chainages Species to be Scientific Name No. of Compensatory Total Cost Felled Trees Plantation (1:1) NRs @ 65.26/plant Kutmero Litsea monopetala 1 1 65.26 30 Bikram Bahadur Katuwal 9+6040-9+780 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 7 7 456.82 Baas Dendrocalamus strictus 70 70 4568.2 31 Narayan Bahadur Katuwal 9+820-10+000 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 13 13 848.38 32 Mide Khadka 9+940-9+960 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 2 2 130.52 Khote Salla Pinus roxburghii 1 1 65.26 33 Bhupal Kami 10+010 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 2 2 130.52 34 Nanimaya Karki 10+110-10+460 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 4 4 261.04 Kutmero Litsea monopetala 1 1 65.26 35 Chitra Bahadur Karki 10+200 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 4 4 261.04 36 Tika Bahadur Khatri 10+320 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 5 5 326.3 37 Kumar Karki 10+400 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 3 3 195.78 38 Laxmi Khadka 10+660-10+780 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 16 16 1044.16 39 Netra Dhoj Chauhan 10+720 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 1 65.26 40 Prem Bahadur Adhikari 10+800 Chilaune Schima wallichii 5 5 326.3 41 Rudra Bahadur Chauhan 10+820-10+880 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 6 6 391.56 42 Kalpana Adhikari 10+940-11+050 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 6 6 391.56 Chilaune Schima wallichii 4 4 261.04 43 Purna Bahadur Karki 11+100-11+190 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 12 12 783.12 Okhar Juglans regia 1 1 65.26 Daleghas Garuga pinnata 4 4 261.04 44 Harre-Chinde School 11+250 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 1 1 65.26 45 Fatta Bahadur Bhujel 11+350 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 7 7 456.82 46 Ram Bahadur BK 11+440-11+725 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 10 10 652.6 47 Devi Kumair Chauhan 11+850 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 4 4 261.04
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SN Name of Owner Chainages Species to be Scientific Name No. of Compensatory Total Cost Felled Trees Plantation (1:1) NRs @ 65.26/plant 48 Keshar Bahadur Chauhan 11+870-12+040 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 7 7 456.82 49 Rajendra Chauhan 11+910 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 4 4 261.04 50 Dhal Bahadur Tamang 12+260-12+470 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 6 6 391.56 Chilaune Schima wallichii 1 1 65.26 51 Baldhan Tamang 12+500-12+550 Dale ghas Garuga pinnata 2 2 130.52 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 5 5 326.3 52 Ram Bahadur Tamang 12+630-13+000 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 11 11 717.86 Khote salla Pinus roxburghii 1 1 65.26 53 Som Bahadur Lama 13+700-13+720 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 5 5 326.3 Total 417 417 27213.42 Note: 120 Bamboo clumps are also included among the private trees
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8e: Calculation of Plantation Cost in Private Land Item no. Description Unit Total Rate Amount (NRs.) Remarks quantity (NRs.)
Seedling cost No 1760 30 52,800.00 20 Plantation per ha 20(1) Site selection and survey Persondays 3 535 1,605.00 20.5(a)i Pitting 45X30X30 cm pit Persondays 32 535 17,120.00 50% slope 20.6(a) Seedling transportation Persondays 6 535 3,210.00 1 km distance 20.6(b) Seedling transportation (within) Persondays 3 535 1,605.00 20.7(a) Plantation Persondays 20 535 10,700.00 Up to 50% slope 32.1(b) Weeding Persondays 18 535 9,630.00 32.3 Replacement plantation (10%) Persondays 9 535 4,815.00 33.1(b) Prunning Persondays 25 535 13,375.00 Up to 50% slope Total 114,860.00 Per plant cost 65.26
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8f: Compensatory Plantation Agreement Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f (Compensatory Plantation) k[i7e"dL e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf (EEAP) PlzofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] ;x'nLotk"0f{ C0f ;xof]u, :jL; ljsf; ;xof]u lgof]usf] k|fljlws ;xof]u tyf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nufgLdf z'? ePsf] xf] o; cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo @)&@ a}zfv !@ ut]sf] e"sDk kl5 e"sDkLo If]qdf k"glg{df0f / k"g{:yfkgf sfo{df ;xof]u ug{' xf] . o; cfof]hgfn] ljBfno, ;8s, ;/sf/L ejg k"glg{df0f ul/ ;Defljt k|sf]kaf6 ;dfg's"ng ug{' /x]sf] 5 . of] sfo{s|d k"glg{df0f / k"g{:yfkgf sfo{k2tLdf cfwfl/t /xg] 5 . o;n] ;8s If]qsf e"sDk k|efljt hgtfnfO{ ;xhtf k|bfg ug]{5 . /fd]5fk lhNnfdf cjl:yt k|:tfljt b]lj6f/—bf]/Daf—kf;]jg— sf]lnau/ u|fld0f ;8ssf] b]lj6f/—km'nf;Lkf]v/L v08 pk–cfof]hgf e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf (EEAP) cGtu{t ;+rfng ug{ nfuLPsf] Ps pkcfof]hgf xf] . b]lj6f/—km'nf;Lkf]v/L ;8s pk–cfof]hgf /fd]5fk lhNnfsf] dGynL g=kf=sf] j8f !# -;fljs km'nf;L uf=lj=;=_ sf] ;+v]j];Lb]lv ;f]xL g=kf=sf] j8f !$ -;fljs km'nf;L uf=lj=;=_ sf] km'nf;Lkf]v/Ldf 6+'luG5 . of] ;8ssf] rf}8fO{ ^=@% dL= / hDdf nDafO{ !^=!$) ls=dL= kb{5 .
;fGb{lestf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;/sf/L ?vx? x6fpg] ;DaGwL dfkb08 @)&! cg';f/ b]lj6f/—km'n;Lkf]v/L ;8s pk–cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] Ifltk"lt{ ;DaGwdf hlt ?v sfl6G5g To;sf] !M@% cg'kftdf Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f / % aif{ ;Dd ;+/If0f ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . jgdf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof / Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut pk/f]Qm cg';f/ b]lj6f/—km'nf;Lkf]v/L ;8s pk–cfof]hgf ;fd'bflos eP/ hfg] / sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof, Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut ;d]t 6]a'n !df lbO{Psf] 5 .
6]a'n ! wfld{s tyf ;fd'bflos jgdf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof, Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut l;g+ jgsf] gfd sfl6g] Ifltk"lt{ la?jf, a[Iff/f]k0f uf]8d]n, hDdf nfut ?v ;+Vof a[Iff/f]k0f / 3]/jf/ nfut k'g/f]k0f nfut -g]=?=_ ?v ;+Vof klxnf] ls:tf bf]>f] ls:tf -!M@%_ -g]=?=_ -g]=?=_ ! >L z]/fb]jL ;f= j= @) %)) &),@&%=)) *,#))=)) &*,%&%=)) @ ;]ltb]jL %) !@%) !&%,^*&=%) @),&%)=)) !(^,$#&=%) ;fpg]kfgL ;f= j= # >L x/L l;l4 #( (&% !#&,)#^=@% !^,!*%=)) !%#,@@!=@% wfld{s u'7L jg hDdf !)( @&@% #*@,((*=&% $%,@#%=)) $@*,@##=&%
146 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf
Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_ sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_ kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, /fd]5fk != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuL Joj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd - klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .
@= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, /fd]5fk != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .
@= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ;dGjo;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .
#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] .
>L z]/fb]lj ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x
!= a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .
@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .
%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ .
147 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u OsfO{÷lhNnf :t/Lo cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{, /fd]5fk
!= a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] @) ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f - %)) ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= &*,%&%=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .
!—klxnf] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? &),@&%=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .
@—bf]>f] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= *,#))=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM
148 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf
Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_ sfof{Gjog ug{ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, /fd]5fk != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd - klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .
@= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, /fd]5fk != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .
@= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .
#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] .
, ;]ltb]jL ;fpg]kfgL ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x
!= a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .
@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .
149 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap %= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u OsfO{ ÷lhNnf :t/Lo cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{, /fd]5fk
!= a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] %) ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f - !@%) ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= !(^,$#&=%) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .
!—klxnf] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? !&%,^*&=%) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .
@—bf]>f] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= @),&%)=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM
150 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf
Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_ sfof{Gjog ug{ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_ kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, /fd]5fk != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuLJoj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd - klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt wfd{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -wf=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .
@= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, /fd]5fk != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .
@= wf=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .
#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] .
>L xl/ l;l4 wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x
!= a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .
@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .
151 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap %= lhNnf;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u OsfO{ ÷lhNnf :t/Lo cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO,{ /fd]5fk != a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] #( ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f - (&% ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= !%#,@@!=@% lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .
!—klxnf] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? !#&,)#^=@% ;DalGwt wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -wf=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .
@—bf]>f] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= !^,!*%=)) ;DalGwt wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] Wfld{s jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] tkm{ k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM
152 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
8g: Plantation Plan in District
A. Compensatory plantation Requirements for plantation activities 1) Coordination with DFO - Meeting will be held with DFO and CFUGs/RFUG to discuss about the plantation management 2) Agreement with DFO/CFUGs/RFUG/DCC - Agreement will be done with DFO and DCC/DTO for the compensatory plantation 3) Managing planting stock - Nursery establishment and operation . From DFO/CFUG/RFUG nursery . From private nursery owner from districts . Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts. 4) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified by DFO and survey will be done. 5) Fencing - Fencing will be done by concerned DFO/CFUG/RFUG. 6) Pitting - Pits of 45cmx30cm x 30cm size will be dug. 7) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites 8) Planting - It will be done by the DFO/CFUGs/RFUG in the starting of monsoon 9) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce the competition by weeds. 10) Survival count - Before winter starts, survival of the plantation will be done for casualty replacement before next monsoon.
Plan of Action for Plantation in CF/RF Activities March April May 18 June July 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Oct 18 18 18 18 Agreement with DFO/CFUG/RF UG/DCC Managing planting stock Survey of plantation area Fencing Pitting Transportation of seedlings Planting Weeding Survival count
B. Roadside plantation 1) Coordination with local communities, Municipality and DFO - Meeting will be held with concerned local communities, Municipality and DFO to discuss about the plantation management 2) Agreement with concerned stakeholders - Agreement will be done with concerned local communities, Municipality and DFO for the road side plantation 3) Managing planting stock - Nursery establishment and operation . From DFO nursery . From private nursery owner from districts . Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts.
153 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
4) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified by concerned local communities, Municipality, and DFO and survey will be done. 5) Fencing - Fencing will be done by concerned local communities, Municipality and DFO. 6) Pitting - Pits of appropriate size will be dug depending on species 7) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites 8) Planting - It will be done in the starting of monsoon 9) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce the competition by weeds. 10) Survival count - before winter starts, survival of the plantation will be done for casualty replacement before next monsoon.
Plan of Action for Roadside Plantation Activities March April May 18 June July 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Oct 18 18 18 18 Agreement with DFO/CFUG/RF UG/DCC Managing planting stock Survey of plantation area Fencing Pitting Transportation of seedlings Planting Weeding Survival count
154 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Appendix 9: Abstract of Costs 9a: Civil Cost Pay Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) Amount Item (NRs.) No. 1 General 1.1 Insurance of works, plants, materials, loss and damage to equipments, Contractor's L.S. 1.00 1,200,000.00 1,200,000.00 workmen and employees and third party insurance against damage to other persons and property as per GCC clause 13. 1.2 Provide site office at places having rooms size: 3m*4m each at location acceptable to the month 18.00 15,000.00 270,000.00 project manager within the contract package with accommodation facilities as specified in special provision 1.3 Carry out additional tests for material and works as required and instructed by the PS 1.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 Engineer.(GCC Clause No. 33.1) 1.4 Relocation of the utilities (water supply, telephone, etc,) and services as instructed by the PS 1.00 400,000.00 400,000.00 Engineer as per DoLIDAR-Technical Specifications for Labour Based Construction Work of Agricultural & Rural Roads (Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. G-10. 1.5 Carry out maintenance of the existing road to keep the road serviceable throughout the month 18.00 38,000.00 684,000.00 contract period. Also provide and maintain traffic safety, control measures and temporary diversions during construction including water spraying thrice a week to avoid dust pollution as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. G-12. 1.6 Supply and provide rental Four Wheel Drive Double cap Pickup Vehicle with full option month 18.00 150,000.00 2,700,000.00 including fuel, driver' wages, major & minor maintenances etc for the Engineer for supervision works as specified 1.7 Provide and installation of project information board of size 1.80 mx1.2 m along with iron No. 3.00 10,000.00 30,000.00 posts including excavation, concreting, backfilling etc all complete as per DoR Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Works (SSRBW) July 2001,Section-108 1.8 Provision and maintenance of labour camps payable monthly in equal installments as per month 18.00 20,000.00 360,000.00 DoR Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Works (SSRBW) July 2001,Section-109 (3)
155 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Pay Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) Amount Item (NRs.) No. 1.9 Establish, maintain and operate laboratory at the site with equipments furnishing required month 18.00 20,000.00 360,000.00 for testing specified quality of the materials as per DoR-SSRBW, Section-511 1.10 Environmental Mitigation Works as per EMP and as Instructed by the Engineer(DOR P.S. 1.00 300,000.00 300,000.00 Section 109) 1.11 Social Compliance and safeguards as per Resettlement Action Plan and GESI and as P.S. 1.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 instructed by the Engineer(DOR Section 109) Sub-Total 6,704,000.00 2 Site Clearance 2.1 Site Clearance : Clearing and Grubbing including cutting of all types of plants as per m2 48,421.2 25.35 1,227,395.10 DoLIDAR-Technical Specifications for Labour Based Construction of Agricultural and 0 Rural Roads (Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR) Clause No.: 1-1.5(a), 1-1.5(b) & 1-1.6 Sub-Total 1,227,395.10 3 Earthworks 3.1 Excavation in roadway and drain in all types of soil and rock materials including removal m3 257,382. 97.25 25,030,489.94 and satisfactory disposal of all materials at approved environmentally safe tipping area as 93 per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 2-1 3.2 Excavation in foundation in structure in all types of soil materials including removal and m3 6,698.98 121.73 815,466.83 satisfactory disposal of all materials at approved environmentally safe tipping area as per DoLIdar-Tech. Spec, for LBCWARR Clause No. 2-5 3.3 Construction of embankments, shoulders and other miscellaneous filling and backfilling in m3 17,091.1 100.83 1,723,300.65 structure with approved materials as per design and drawing as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. 5 for LBCWARR Clause No.2-5 3.4 Transportation of material beyond the initial lead within 1 km distance with safe disposal m4 120,171. 52.22 6,275,357.81 sites as instructed by the engineer. 54 Sub-Total 33,844,615.23 4 Structural/ Side Drain/Cross Drainage Works Stone Masonry
156 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Pay Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) Amount Item (NRs.) No. 4.1 Supply & place un-coursed random rubble stone masonry works in MM 5 cement sand m3 11,305.4 6,401.96 72,377,166.72 mortar in the line & level all complete stone masonry work including full compensation for 7 all labour, materials and other incidentals required to complete the work as per the specifications and drawings. It includes full compensation for using specially dressed stones on the face of wall with batter and provisions for weep hole as necessary as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 8 Sub-Total 72,377,166.72 Gabion Works 4.2 Supply machine made fabrication of gabion boxes of different sizes with hexagonal mesh m3 10,159.4 4,079.46 41,444,947.51 size of 100 mm x 120 mm including rolling, cutting and weaving (mesh wire 3.0 mm, 2 selvedge wire 3.9 mm, binding wire 2.4 mm, all heavy zinc coated wires),assembling, placing in position, packing and filling of gabion create with rubble stone and tying by 2.4 mm binding wires all complete as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 17-1.4, 17-5 & 17-6 4.3 Supplying and providing of Reinforced Soil wall Structure with Teramesh System (TMS) m2 240.00 29,141.60 6,993,984.00 Facing: fixing Flexible Geogrids (eg. Paralink) as primary reinforcement for composite soil reinforcement system, made of polyester core with polyethylene coating including secondary reinforcement of Terramesh system (TMS) as per specification Clause 2402 with Zinc +PVC coated including laying of Geo textile, drainage gallery filling with boulder all complete as per Specification 4.4 Provide and place Geo-textile all complete as per drawing and specifications as per (DOR- m2 7,074.00 165.33 1,169,544.42 SSRBW Section No.: 2404) 4.5 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 10/20 as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR m3 382.31 9,291.82 3,552,355.70 Clause No. 11 4.6 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 15/20 as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR m3 5.25 11,756.98 61,724.14 Clause No. 11 4.7 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 20/20 as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR m3 45.00 14,432.22 649,449.90 Clause No. 11
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Pay Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) Amount Item (NRs.) No. 4.8 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 25/20 as per DOR-SSRBW,July 2001,Section 2000 m3 57.69 18,194.94 1,049,666.08 4.9 Supply and place formwork for concrete works with all complete as per DoLIDAR-Tech. m2 279.11 706.45 197,177.25 Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 9 4.10 Supply & place TMT high tensile strength steel reinforcement of specified grade ( Fe 500) Ton 9.32 108,030.19 1,006,841.37 for RCC works including bending, centring & binding in position as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 10 4.11 Supply, Laying, fitting and fixing of hume pipe class NP3. It includes all operations required to complete the work and the jointing of pipes with 1:2 cement sand mortar as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 15-5 and 15-6 4.11.1 450mm (for irrigation purpose) rm 112.50 6,758.54 760,335.75 4.11.2 600mm rm 255.00 7,743.86 1,974,684.30 4.11.3 900mm rm 202.50 14,336.75 2,903,191.87 4.12 Supply & place100 mm Dia. HDPE Pipe (6kg/cm2) for weep hole as per Nepal Standard & rm 406.00 545.74 221,570.44 directed by Engineer 4.13 Supply & place Heavy Duty Steel pipe (Dia 50 mm) for railing as per Nepal Standard & rm 29.60 323.98 9,589.80 directed by the Engineer 4.14 Backfilling works with approved soil materials with compaction as per DoLIDAR-Tech. m3 6,159.77 1,063.21 6,549,129.06 Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No-2.5.4 4.15 Supply and Place graded filter in backfilling in structures and cross drainage works as per m3 487.91 2,202.69 1,074,714.47 (DOR-SSRBW Section No.: 2404,3110) Sub-Total 20,010,430.13 5 Pavement Works 5.1 Preparation of sub grade for rehabilitation works as per DoR-SSRBW (Standard m2 93,924.8 17.32 1,626,777.88 Specification for Road & Bridge Works, 2001) SECTION No. 1003 2 5.2 Providing, laying, spreading, watering, leveling and compaction of natural sand gravel sub m3 12,265.5 2,185.27 26,803,625.85 base grading as specified and according to the designed camber all complete as per DoR- 9 SSRBW SECTION No. 1201
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Pay Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) Amount Item (NRs.) No. 5.3 Providing, laying, spreading, watering, leveling and compaction of capping layer of m3 1,506.59 1,844.19 2,778,438.21 approved materials according to the designed camber all complete asper DoR-SSRBW, Section 1004 5.4 Supplying and preparing 20 cm thick stone pitching work on the prepared granular bedding m3 446.80 2,556.63 1,142,302.28 with stone available at site 5.5 Providing, laying, spreading, watering, leveling and compaction of 12 cm thick natural m3 2,860.29 2,185.27 6,250,505.92 sand gravel sub base grading for cobble pavement as specified and according to the designed camber all complete as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1201 5.6 Supplying and preparation of 5 cm thick granular material and sand with mixing red soil m2 23,835.7 70.45 1,679,226.47 and spreading in layer, watering, compacting and all complete. 2 5.7 Breaking and supplying of rock for cobble manually and chisel dressing it in the 8 cm sizes m3 1,728.14 1,317.76 2,277,273.76 with all complete 5.8 Supplying and construction of 8 cm thick coble pavement ( Braked Coble ) on the prepared m3 1,728.14 1,097.15 1,896,028.80 granular material bedding with spreading the spall/ Granular material and compacting with Steel Roller with all complete Sub-Total 44,454,179.17 6 Road Furniture/Traffic Sign Boards 6.1 Supplying and placing standard RCC kilometer post (place at each km) all complete Nos. 12.00 2,860.97 34,331.64 including painting, and writing etc. all complete as per specification and drawings (DOR- SSRBW SECTION No. 1501) 6.2 Supplying and placing standard RCC kilometer post (place at 5km interval ) all complete Nos. 4.00 6,431.25 25,725.00 including painting, and writing etc. all complete as per specification and drawings (DOR- SSRBW SECTION No. 1501) 6.3 Supplying and fixing in place R.C.C. delineator and guard post including excavation, Nos. 1,760.00 1,259.83 2,217,300.80 painting, and erection etc. all complete as final drawing (DOR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1504)
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Pay Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) Amount Item (NRs.) No. 6.4 Supplying and erecting traffic sign in place including 50 mm dia steel tube, 2mm thick steel plate, cement concrete, painting, writing and supporting steel angle nut and bolt etc complete as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1501) 6.4.1 60 cm dia circular, 60 cm equilateral triangle and 60 x 45 cm rectangular shaped sign Nos. 100.00 1,665.93 166,593.00 (Single post) 6.4.2 1.2m x 0.75 m size bigger traffic sign with back support and two or more post Nos. 61.00 3,344.99 204,044.39 Sub-Total 2,647,994.83 7 Bio-engineering Work 7.1 Slope trimming work DoLIDAR : 4 Spec. Clause No.: 2-1.3.2,2-1.8 and 2-1.95 m2 7,750.00 73.83 572,182.50 7.2 Construction of Rip-rap drain with the stone pitching work of 20 cm thick and 1.2 m wide rm 500.00 520.29 260,145.00 as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 8 7.3 Dry stone check/toe walls for segmentation and support of slopes DoLIDAR Tech. Spec. m3 291.20 2,746.19 799,690.52 clause No. 8 7.4 Brush layering work: including preparation of terraces of 30 - 40 cm wide and laying live rm 1,200.00 117.57 141,084.00 cuttings of selected Species along the terrace @ 5 cm c/c with 2/3 of cuttings in to terrace and leaving one bud and up to 1/3 of the cuttings sticking beyond the terrace edge ( Cutting can be of assuro,simali etc of 45 - 60 m length) DoLIDAR Spec. Clause no.70- 6.7 b 7.5 Planting rooted grass slips on slopes < 45˚ including preparation of slips on site. Operation m2 7,750.00 231.10 1,791,025.00 includes digging planting holes to a maximum of 5 cm depth with metal or hardwood peg, depending on nature of soil. The planting drills should be spaced 10 cm apart as per Bio engineering information of DOR 7.6 Planting containerized tree and shrub seedlings, including pitting, transplanting, Nos. 310.00 61.38 19,027.80 composting and placing tree guards, on toe of embankment slopes in plain areas, not less than 8 m from the road centre line. Pit size 30 cm diameter×30 cm depth. Compost volume ⅟₄ of the volume of pit, mixed with original soil as per Bio engineering information of DOR
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Pay Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) Amount Item (NRs.) No. Sub-Total 3,583,154.82 8 Day works 8.1 Supply of labour as required as per preamble and as instructed by the Engineer. 8.1.1 Skilled labour day 150 670.00 100,500.00 8.1.2 Unskilled labour day 400 535.00 214,000.00 8.2 Supply of excavator for maintenance of road as required and instructed by engineer hr 180 1,000.00 180,000.00 Sub-Total 494,500.00 Total Base Cost 235,026,994.25 13% VAT 30,553,509.25 Total 265,580,503.50 Work Charge Staff and Small Miscellaneous Expenses @ 3% 7,967,415.11 Physical Contingency @10% 26,558,050.35 Grand Total 300,105,968.96 Per Km Cost (excluding Contingencies) 16,454,394.16
161 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
9b: Project Cost including Socio-Environmental Cost SN Particulars Amount (NRs.) 1 Environmental Management Cost 1.1 Environmental/conservation awareness program 250,000.00 1.2 Tourism promotion awareness (A three days homestay management training to 15 people from project area) 150,000.00 1.3 Hoarding boards at road site (4 places) for awareness about important wildlife and their conservation. 160,000.00 1.4 Compensatory plantation & protection cost for trees on CF 293,951.25 1.5 Compensatory plantation & protection cost for trees on RF 153,221.25 1.6 Compensatory plantation & protection cost for trees on Private Land 27,213.42 1.7 Roadside plantation 200,000.00 1.8 Environmental monitoring cost 200,000.00 Sub-total (I) 1,434,385.92 2 Other environmental cost (included in civil works cost also) 2.1 Contractor's workmen and employees and third party insurance against damage to other persons and property (Ref Appendix 1,200,000.00 9, item 1.1) 2.2 Relocation of Utilities (water supply and telephone poles) (Ref Appendix 9, item 1.4) 400,000.00 2.3 Maintenance of existing road, providing and maintaining traffic safety, control measures and temporary diversions during 684,000.00 construction including water spraying thrice a week to avoid dust pollution. (Ref Appendix 9, item 1.5) 2.4 Labour camp maintenance (Ref Appendix 9, item 1.8) 360,000.00 2.5 Environmental Mitigation Works (Ref Appendix 9, item 1.10) 300,000.00 2.6 Social Compliance and Safeguard (Ref Appendix 9, item 1.11) 200,000.00 2.7 Spoil Disposal 6,275,357.81 2.8 Bioengineering and landslide retention (Ref Appendix 9, item 7) 3,583,154.82 2.9 Installation of traffic signals (Ref Appendix 9, item 6.4) 370,637.39 Subtotal II 13,373,150.02 3 Civil Work Cost 3.1 Total Civil Cost (Including VAT and Contingencies) 300,105,968.96
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3.2 Other environmental cost included in civil works cost as given in SN 2 13,373,150.02 3.3 Civil excluding other environmental cost (Subtotal III) 286,732,818.94 4 Resettlement Plan Cost 4.1 Compensation cost (land, trees, relocation cost for private and community structures within RoW) 41,396,412.40 4.2 Deed transfer assistance and fees 184,888.00 4.3 Income generation and livelihood improvement training 800,000.00 4.4 Contingency (20%) 8,476,260.08 Subtotal IV 50,857,560.48 5 Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Plan Cost 5.1 WASH Awareness Training 25,000.00 5.2 Psycho-social Counseling 25,000.00 5.3 Livelihood Improvement Training 50,000.00 Subtotal V 100,000.00 Total Project Cost (I+II+III+IV+V) 352,497,915.36
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Appendix 10: Grievance Redress Mechanism
Sample Grievance Intake Form Name of Project Project ______welcomes complaints, suggestions, comments and queries regarding the project implementation and its stakeholders. We encourage persons with grievance to provide their name and contact information to enable us to get in touch with you for clarification and feedback.
Should you choose to include your personal details but want that information to remain confidential, please inform us by writing/typing "(CONFIDENTIAL)" above your name.
Thank you.
Contact Information Name Gender Male Female Home Address Age Phone No City/District Complaint/Suggestion/Comment/Question Please provide the details(who ,what where and how) of your grievance below:
How do you want us to reach you for feedback or update on your comment/grievance?
Portion to be filled in by the staff: Date received: Received through: Name of Staff who receive comment/complaint Position of staff: Type of Grievance; Remarks Signature of Staff
Update on the case: Date: Update
164 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap Appendix 11: Environmental and Social Monitoring Report Outline The level of detail and comprehensiveness of a monitoring report is commensurate with the complexity and significance of social and environmental impacts. A safeguard monitoring report may include the following elements: (a) Background/context of the monitoring report (adequate information on the project, including physical progress of project activities, scope of monitoring report, reporting period, and the monitoring requirements including frequency of submission as agreed upon); (b) Changes in project scope and adjusted safeguard measures, if applicable; (c) Qualitative and quantitative monitoring data; (d) Monitoring parameters/indicators and methods based on the monitoring plan/program previously agreed upon with ADB; (e) Monitoring results compared against previously established benchmarks and compliance status (e.g., national environmental emission and ambient standards and/or standards set out in the World Bank Group’s Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines guidelines; timeliness and adequacy of environmental mitigation measures; involuntary resettlement compensation rates and timeliness of payments, adequacy and timeliness of involuntary resettlement rehabilitation measures including serviced housing sites, house reconstruction, livelihood support measures, and training; budget for implementing environment management plan (EMP), resettlement plan,, timeliness and adequacy of capacity building, etc.); (f) Monitoring results compared against the objectives of safeguards or desired outcomes documented (e.g. involuntary resettlement impacts avoided or minimized; livelihood restored or enhanced; environmental impacts avoided or minimized, etc.); (g) If noncompliance or any major gaps identified, include a corrective action plan; (h) Records on disclosure of monitoring information to affected communities; (i) Identification of key issues, or complaints from affected people, or recommendations for improvement; (j) Monitoring adjustment measures recommended based on monitoring experience/trends and stakeholders response; (k) Information about actual institutional arrangement for implementing the monitoring program/plan provided or adjusted, as may be required; (l) Proposed items of focus for the next report and due date.
165 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Appendix 12: List of Affected Land Plots and their Owners SN HH Affected Owner of the Head of the VDC Ward Tole Remarks N plots Affected Plot Family 1 1 131, 132, Imansing Thapa Imansing Thapa Phulasi 1 Aarubote Interviewed 133 Magar Magar 2 2 179 Ram Ram Khapangi Phulasi 1 Aarubote Interviewed Bdr.Khapangi Magar Magar 3 3 180 Birbahadur Magar Birbahadur Phulasi 1 Aarubote Interviewed Magar 4 4 186188 Harka Harka Phulasi 1 Aarubote Interviewed Bdr.Khapangi Bdr.Khapangi Magar Magar 5 6 39,41 Sitamaya Thapa Sitamaya Thapa Phulasi 1 Dabetole Interviewed 6 8 151 Rana Bdr. Magar Rana Bdr. Magar Phulasi 1 Aarubote Interviewed 7 9 74 Ram Bdr. Thapa Ram Bdr. Thapa Phulasi 1 Aarubote Interviewed 8 10 136,138,1 Ravi Kumari Khi Kumari Phulasi 1 Aarubote Interviewed 39 Rawat Rawat 9 11 127,129,1 Jhanak Bdr. Jhanak Bdr. Phulasi 1 Aarubote Interviewed 34 Thapa Magar Thapa Magar 10 12 149 Bishnu Maya Khadka Bdr. Phulasi 1 Aarubote Interviewed Kami Kami 11 13 81 Ambika - Lipu Ambika Saru Phulasi 1 Aarubote Interviewed Bdr. Saru Magar Magar 12 14 80,77 Lipu Bdr. Saru Lipu Bdr. Saru Phulasi 1 Aarubote Interviewed Magar Magar 13 15 40 Krishna Bdr. Krishna Bdr. Phulasi 1 Aarubote Interviewed Thapa Thapa 14 16 130, Ganga Bdr. Thapa Ganga Bdr. Phulasi 1 Aarubote Interviewed 135,136 Magar Thapa Magar 15 17 181 Lalit Bdr. Lalit Bdr. Phulasi 1 Aarubote Interviewed Khapangi Magar Khapangi Magar 16 18 166171 Yam Bdr. Thapa Yam Bdr. Thapa Phulasi 1 Aarubote Interviewed Chhetri Chhetri 17 19 141 Prem Bdr.Rana Padam Bdr.Rana Phulasi 1 Aarubote Interviewed Magar Magar 18 20 143145 Man Bdr. Rana Takhat Bdr. Phulasi 1 Aarubote Interviewed Magar Rana Magar 19 21 140,142,1 Amar Bdr. Rana Padam Bdr. Phulasi 1 Aarubote Interviewed 51,152 Magar Rana Magar 20 22 19 Ram Bdr Thapa Ram Bdr Thapa Phulasi 1 Dabetole Interviewed chhetri chhetri 21 23 42 Chandra Chandra Phulasi 1 Aarubote Interviewed Bdr.Thapa bdr.Thapa Chhetri Chhetri 22 24 1,3 Jhal kumari Jhal kumari Phulasi 2 Harre Interviewed Basnet Basnet 23 25 56,54 Mide Khadka Mide Khadka Phulasi 2 Harre Interviewed 24 26 387 Gep Bdr.Kami Gep Bdr.Kami Phulasi 2 Harre Interviewed 25 29 64 Prem Kumari BK Chandra Bdr. Phulasi 2 Harre Interviewed BK 26 30 95 Ram Bdr. Thapa Krishna Maya Phulasi 2 Harre Interviewed
166 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
SN HH Affected Owner of the Head of the VDC Ward Tole Remarks N plots Affected Plot Family Thapa 27 31 383 Tile Kami Sita Kami Phulasi 2 Harre Interviewed 28 32 63,101,92, Mohan Bdr. Maan Kumari Phulasi 2 Harre Interviewed 93 Thapa Thapa 29 35 65 Vaadi Sarki Vaadi Sarki Phulasi 2 Harre Interviewed 30 36 248,124 Narendra Bdr. Narendra Bdr. Phulasi 2 Harre Interviewed Khatri Khatri 31 37 123,152 Kirti Bdr. Kirti Bdr. Phulasi 2 Harre Interviewed Adhikari Adhikari 32 38 382 Harka Bdr. Kami Harka Bdr. Kami Phulasi 2 Harre Interviewed 33 39 244 Nar Bdr. Adhikari Nar Bdr. Phulasi 2 Chapabot Interviewed Adhikari e 34 40 126,127 Narayan Bdr. Narayan Bdr. Phulasi 2 Chapabot Interviewed Adhikari Adhikari e 35 41 245,293 Ram Bdr. Ram Bdr. Phulasi 2 Chambot Interviewed Adhikari Adhikari e 36 42 13 Bhakta Bdr. Lal Bdr. Khatri Phulasi 3 Chinde Interviewed Khatri 37 43 162 Dev Kumari Tak Bdr. Khatri Phulasi 3 Chinde Interviewed Khatri 38 44 50,64 Chitra Bdr. Karki Chitra Bdr. Phulasi 3 Chinde Interviewed Karki 39 45 57 Binda Khatri Binda Khatri Phulasi 3 Harre Interviewed 40 46 163 Dil Bdr. Khatri Dil Bdr. Khatri Phulasi 3 Chinde Interviewed 41 47 11 Harka Maya K.C. Sunam K.C. Phulasi 3 Chinde Interviewed 42 48 83 Chandra Kumari Uday Bdr. Khatri Phulasi 3 Chinde Interviewed Khatri 43 49 38,40, 41 Bhupal, Bhime Chandra Kumari Phulasi 3 Chinde Interviewed Kami BK 44 50 30,34 Kaushila, Purna Purna Bdr. Karki Phulasi 3 Chinde Interviewed Bdr. Karki 45 51 155,156 Laxmi Khadka Laxmi Khadka Phulasi 3 Chinde Interviewed 46 52 178 Megh Bdr. Gharti Megh Bdr. Phulasi 4 Fulasi Interviewed Gharti 47 53 177 Kamala Bhujel Kamala Bhujel Phulasi 4 Chinde Interviewed 48 54 19,20 Kalpana Adhikari Kalpana Phulasi 4 Fulasi Interviewed Adhikari 49 55 153 Ram Bahadur Ram Bahadur Phulasi 4 Chinde Interviewed Bhujel Bhujel 50 56 23 Chandra Kumari Hom Prasad Phulasi 3 Chinde Interviewed Bhandari Bhandari 51 57 58,109,69 Kumar, Nanimaya Nanimaya Karki Phulasi 3 Chinde Interviewed Karki 52 58 231,242,3 Devi Kumari Devi Kumari Phulasi 4 Fulasi Interviewed 07, 146 Chauhan Chauhan 53 59 356 Raj Kumar Keshar Bdr. Phulasi 4 Fulasi Interviewed Chauhan Chauhan 54 60 354355 Prakash Chauhan Prakash Chauhan Phulasi 4 Fulasi Interviewed 55 61 158 Bed Kumari Bed Kumari Phulasi 4 Chinde Interviewed Adhikari Adhikari 56 62 157 Lochan Bdr. Lochan Bdr. Phulasi 4 Fulasi Interviewed Adhikari Adhikari 57 63 64 Prem Bdr. Pushkar Bdr. Phulasi 4 Fulasi Interviewed Adhikari Adhikari Chhetri 58 64 110 Lal Bdr. Karki Lal Bdr. Karki Phulasi 3 Chinde Interviewed
167 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
SN HH Affected Owner of the Head of the VDC Ward Tole Remarks N plots Affected Plot Family 59 65 394 Bhim Bdr. Khatri Bhim Bdr. Phulasi 3 Chinde Interviewed Khatri 60 66 61 Padam Krishna Prasad Phulasi 3 Chinde Interviewed Kumar+Krishna Adhikari Prasad Adhikari 61 67 26 Tika Bdr. Khatri Rita Khatri Phulasi 3 Chinde Interviewed 62 69 213 Manmaya, Dev Manmaya Phulasi 4 Fulasi Interviewed Raj Tamang Tamang 63 70 270 Jayman Bhujel Mina Bhujel Phulasi 4 Fulasi Interviewed 64 72 214 Dhal Bdr. Tamang Raju Tamang Phulasi 4 Dhare Interviewed Khola 65 74 47 Prem Kumari Prem Bdr. Phulasi 4 Dhare Interviewed Tamang Tamang Khola 66 75 251,253 Hari Kumari Rajendra Phulasi 4 Chauhan Interviewed Chauhan Chauhan Tole 67 76 250 Lila Bdr. Chauhan Lila Bdr. Phulasi 4 Kami Interviewed Chauhan Tole 68 77 129 Gore Lama Kanchhi Lama Phulasi 4 Fulasi Interviewed 69 78 389,212 Chamar Singh Chamar Singh Phulasi 4 Fulasi Interviewed Tamang Tamang 70 79 306 Gyan Bdr. Binda Chauhan Phulasi 4 Fulasi Interviewed Chauhan 71 80 357 Keshar Bdr. Keshar Bdr. Phulasi 4 Fulasi Interviewed Chauhan Chauhan 72 81 155 Maan Kumari Maan Kumari Phulasi 4 Jaisaal Interviewed Adhikari Adhikari 73 82 52 Devi Kumari Dadi Ram Gharti Phulasi 4 Chinde Interviewed Gharti 74 83 130 Dambar Bdr. Bhima Tamang Phulasi 6 Hilegaira Interviewed Lama 75 84 196 Dhan Narayan Dhan Narayan Phulasi 6 Fulasi Interviewed Shrestha Shrestha 76 85 28,61 Bal Bdr. Tamang JangaLal Lama Phulasi 6 Hilegaira Interviewed 77 86 60 Salaam Singh Salaam Singh Phulasi 6 Ghyang Interviewed Lama Lama 78 87 183 Anil Singh Lama Chinimaya Lama Phulasi 6 Ghyang Interviewed 79 91 52 Man Bdr. Tamang Man Bdr. Phulasi 6 Dhare Interviewed Tamang Khola 80 92 99 Kirsa,Som Bdr. Som Bdr. Lama Phulasi 6 Nande Interviewed Lama Dada 81 93 143,322, Bal Dhan Tamang Bal Dhan Phulasi 6 Dhare Interviewed 48 Tamang Khola 82 95 66 Jal Kumari, Gyan Jal Kumari Phulasi 6 Dara Interviewed Bdr., Durga Bdr., Shrestha Tole Pramila, Narmata, Sarmila Shrestha 83 96 111,126,1 Mina Kumari, Hise Lama Phulasi 6 Fulasi Interviewed 28,109 Hise Lama 84 97 186 Gautam Lama Gautam Lama Phulasi 6 Fulasi Interviewed 85 98 46,145 Chheku, Kanchhi Kanchhi Tamang Phulasi 6 Fulasi Interviewed Tamang 86 100 404 Som Bdr. Tamang Som Bdr. Phulasi 7 Pokhari Interviewed Tamang
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SN HH Affected Owner of the Head of the VDC Ward Tole Remarks N plots Affected Plot Family 87 101 381 Pahalman Tamang Pahalman Phulasi 7 Pokhari Interviewed Tamang 88 103 596 Tul Bdr. Tamang Fulmaya Phulasi 7 Pokhari Interviewed Tamang 89 105 391 Durga Bdr. Durga Bdr. Phulasi 8 Pokhari Interviewed Tamang Tamang 90 106 630 Prem Kumar Prem Kumar Phulasi 8 Pokhari Interviewed Tamang Tamang 91 107 617 Gore Tamang Gore Tamang Phulasi 8 Pokhari Interviewed 92 108 392 Kaluman Tamang Kaluman Phulasi 8 Pokhari Interviewed Tamang 93 109 502,503 Sitamaya,Nimado Birman Tamang Phulasi 7 Pokhari Interviewed A rje Tamang 94 109 611 Birman Tamang Birman Tamang Phulasi 7 Pokhari Interviewed B 95 27A 125,374,1 Naran Bdr. Naran Bdr, Phulasi 2 Harre Interviewed 17,388 Katuwal Chhetri Rajendra, Bikram, Kamal 96 28A 131135 Bir Bdr. Sunar Gyan Bdr. Kami Phulasi 2 Harre Interviewed 97 33A 2,4 Tej Bdr.Adhikari Tej Bdr, Laxmi Phulasi 2 Harre Interviewed Devi, Omkar 98 34A 44,45 Tilak Bdr. Krishna Kumari, Phulasi 2 Harre Interviewed Adhikari Devi, Maya 99 5A 126149 Patali kamini Dhan Bdr, Phulasi 1 Aarubote Interviewed Sitaram, Rita 100 71A 132 Bhuwan Singh Hasta Bdr, Phulasi 4 Harre Interviewed Kami Gokarna, Lait Bdr 101 73A 218,41,22 Dil Bdr. Tamang Salaam Singh, Phulasi 4 Dhare Interviewed 5 Prem Bdr Khola 102 7A 82,83,89 Nir Bdr.Jarga Raju kumar jarga Phulasi 1 Aarubote Interviewed Magar magar 103 88A 250 Ram Bdr Tamang Ram Bdr, Phulasi 6 Milwalto Interviewed Satosh, Saroj le 104 94A 108 Aashman Tamang Mani Phulasi 6 Gordand Interviewed Bdr.Tamang a 105 99A 405 Buddhiman Shankar kumar Phulasi 7 Pokhari Interviewed Tamang Tamang 106 71D 491 Hasta Bdr. Kami Hasta Bdr. Kami Phulasi 4 Harre Interviewed 107 71E 238 Lalit Bdr. Kami Lalit Bdr. Kami Phulasi 4 Harre Interviewed 108 101 486 Madhumaya Madhumaya Phulasi 1 Pokhari Interviewed A Tamang Tamang 109 102 487,485 Hira Kumari Hira Kumari Phulasi 1 Pokhari Interviewed Tamang Tamang 110 103 594 Dil Bdr. Tamang Dil Bdr. Tamang Phulasi 7 Pokhari Interviewed A 111 36, 231 Samar Bdr Thapa Phulasi 6 Absentee 112 249, 398 Prem Bdr Thapa Phulasi 2 Absentee 113 187,185 Laxman Khapangi Phulasi 1 Absentee Magar 114 84 Ran Bdr Phulasi 4 Absentee 115 234 Ran Bdr Adhikari Phulasi 2 Absentee 116 313 Ram Bdr Tamang Phulasi 5 Absentee
169 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
SN HH Affected Owner of the Head of the VDC Ward Tole Remarks N plots Affected Plot Family 117 228 Ram Bdr Tamang Phulasi 6 Absentee 118 385 Ram Bdr Tamang Phulasi 7 Absentee 119 97 Ram Bdr Thapa Phulasi 2 Absentee chhetri 120 618 Seti Tamang Phulasi 7 Absentee 121 139 Surya Bdr ++ Phulasi 2 Absentee 122 151 Rudra Bdr Phulasi 4 Absentee Chauhan 123 148 Gyan Bdr Phulasi 6 Absentee Chauhan 124 149 Dev Kumari Phulasi 6 Absentee Chauhan 125 170 Masali Maya Phulasi 1 Absentee Thapa 126 138 Mohan Bdr. Phulasi 6 Absentee Thapa 127 62 Man Bdr Adhikari Phulasi 4 Absentee 128 100 Nurbu Dorje Phulasi 6 Absentee 129 229 Man Bdr Thapa Phulasi 6 Absentee 130 136 Manju Sunar Phulasi 2 Absentee 131 63 Janaki Devi Phulasi 3 Absentee 132 393 Jeet Bdr Katuwal Phulasi 2 Absentee 133 59 Ben Bdr Karki Phulasi 3 Absentee 134 141 Prem Bdr Rana Phulasi 1 Absentee Magar 135 397 Prem Bdr, Chitra Phulasi 2 Absentee Maya Khatri 136 26 Purna Bdr Karki Phulasi 4 Absentee 137 388 Padam Sing Phulasi 5 Absentee Tamang 138 110 Padam Kumari Phulasi 6 Absentee Khadka 139 22 Dilli Bdr Adhikari Phulasi 3 Absentee 140 48 Dil Bdr Adhikari Phulasi 4 Absentee 141 390 Jit Bdr Tamang Phulasi 7 Absentee 142 505 Bir Sing Tamang Phulasi 7 Absentee 143 123 Bikram Bdr Phulasi 2 Absentee Katuwal 144 148 Lal Bdr Phulasi 2 Absentee Budachettri 145 138 Lalit Bdr Chauhan Phulasi 4 Absentee 146 242 Indra Prasad Phulasi 2 Absentee Bhandari 147 137 Krishna Maya Phulasi 2 Absentee Thapa 148 195 Krishna Bdr Karki Phulasi 1 Absentee 149 152 Keshar Bdr Phulasi 4 Absentee 150 446 Kaile Tamang Phulasi 7 Absentee 151 140 Kapendra Bdr Phulasi 2 Absentee Thapa Chettri 152 47 Ganga Kumar ++ Phulasi 4 Absentee
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SN HH Affected Owner of the Head of the VDC Ward Tole Remarks N plots Affected Plot Family 153 146 Gum Rana Magar Phulasi 1 Absentee 154 200 Gopal Karki Phulasi 1 Absentee 155 144 Hari Kumari Phulasi 6 Absentee Chauhan 156 491 Hasta Bdr. Kami Phulasi 2 Absentee 157 373 Thanu Kami, Phulasi 2 Absentee Bikram Katuwal 158 39 Thal Kumari Phulasi 3 Absentee Adhikari 159 595 Sher Gambhir Phulasi 7 Absentee Chauhan 160 55 Shankar Bdr, Phulasi 3 Absentee Binda Chettri 161 78 Unidentified Phulasi 1 Owner Unknown 162 90 Unidentified Phulasi 1 Owner Unknown 163 147 Unidentified Phulasi 1 Owner Unknown 164 250 Unidentified Phulasi 1 Owner Unknown 165 98 Unidentified Phulasi Owner Unknown 166 94 Unidentified Phulasi 2 Owner Unknown 167 96 Unidentified Phulasi 2 Owner Unknown 168 215 Unidentified Phulasi 2 Owner Unknown 169 218 Unidentified Phulasi 2 Owner Unknown 170 299 Unidentified Phulasi 2 Owner Unknown 171 298 Unidentified Phulasi 2 Owner Unknown 172 233 Unidentified Phulasi 2 Owner Unknown 173 337 Unidentified Phulasi 2 Owner Unknown 174 493 Unidentified Phulasi 2 Owner Unknown 175 256 Unidentified Phulasi 2 Owner Unknown 176 297 Unidentified Phulasi 2 Owner Unknown 177 494 Unidentified Phulasi 2 Owner Unknown 178 65 Unidentified Phulasi 3 Owner Unknown 179 44 Unidentified Phulasi 3 Owner Unknown 180 49 Unidentified Phulasi 4 Owner Unknown 181 66 Unidentified Phulasi 4 Owner Unknown 182 51 Unidentified Phulasi 4 Owner Unknown 183 254 Unidentified Phulasi 5 Owner
171 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
SN HH Affected Owner of the Head of the VDC Ward Tole Remarks N plots Affected Plot Family Unknown 184 37 Unidentified Phulasi 6 Owner Unknown 185 39 Unidentified Phulasi 6 Owner Unknown 186 38 Unidentified Phulasi 6 Owner Unknown 187 50 Unidentified Phulasi 6 Owner Unknown 188 42 Unidentified Phulasi 6 Owner Unknown 189 49 Unidentified Phulasi 6 Owner Unknown 190 150 Unidentified Phulasi 6 Owner Unknown 191 246 Unidentified Phulasi 6 Owner Unknown 192 26 Unidentified Phulasi 6 Owner Unknown 193 379 Unidentified Phulasi 7 Owner Unknown 194 633 Unidentified Phulasi 7 Owner Unknown 195 475 Unidentified Phulasi 7 Owner Unknown 196 476 Unidentified Phulasi 7 Owner Unknown 197 624 Unidentified Phulasi 7 Owner Unknown 198 625 Unidentified Phulasi 7 Owner Unknown
172 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Appendix 13: Pictorial Highlights
Public gathered for Consultation
Somewhere along Proposed Road
173 IEE of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Vegetations alongside of the road
Vehicle operating along the proposed road
174