Initial Environmental Examination
Haldebesi – Dhobi - Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project
July 2017
NEP: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Prepared by District Coordination Committee (Ramechhap)- Central Level Project Implementation Unit – Ministry of Federals Affairs and Local Development for the Asian Development Bank.
This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
Environmental Assessment Document
Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
Haldebesi – Dhobi - Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project
July 2017
NEP: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project Loan: 3260 Project Number: 49215-001
Prepared by the Government of Nepal for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
This Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarilyThe views expressed represent herein those are those of ADB's of the consultantBoard of and Directors, do not necessarily Management, represent or thosestaff ,of and ADB’s may members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. be preliminary in nature.
The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of Haldebesi-Dhobi-Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project, Ramechhap District
Submitted to Government of Nepal National Reconstruction Authority Singhadurbar, Kathmandu
Submitted through Government of Nepal Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project Central Level Project Implementation Unit, Lalitpur
Submitted by District Coordination Committee, Ramechhap
July, 2017
IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Executive Summary (in Nepali) != k[i7e"ld @)&@ ;fn a}zfv !@ ut] uPsf] ljWj+;sf/L e"sDk / ;f]xL jif{ a}zfv @( uPsf] d'Vo k/fsDksf sf/0f Ifltu|:t :yfgLo ;+/rgfx?sf] k'g:yf{kgf tyf k'glg{df{0f u/L :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k'gp{Tyfg ug{ Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] ;xof]udf tyf :jL; ljsf; lgof]usf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf k|efljt !@ lhNnfdf e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf nfu' ul/Psf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfsf] dfWodåf/f Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+sn] dxTjk"0f{ ;8s ;+hfnsf] k'glg{df{0f ug{, xhf/f}+ afnaflnsfnfO{ k'gM ljBfno k'¥ofpg, k|efljt ;d'bfonfO{ cTofjZos ;sf/L ;]jf pknAw u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{5 . o; cfof]hgfn] e"sDk tyf klx/f]åf/f Ifltu|:t sl/a !#% ls=ld= /0fg}lts ;8s tyf $%) ls=ld= u|fld0f ;8ssf] k'glg{df{0f ug]{5 . o; cfof]hgfsf] sfo{sf/L lgsfo /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f /x]sf] 5 . u|fld0f ;8ssf] xsdf o; cfof]hgfsf] cfwf/e"t ;fem]bf/sf ?kdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no, ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno /x]sf 5g\ . xNb]a];L—wf]aL—9fF8]a];L -#*=*(( ls=ld=_ ;8ssf] k'g:yf{kgf tyf k'glg{df{0f pkcfof]hgf sf] e"sDk cfktsflng ;xfotf cfof]hgf cGtu{ts} Pp6f pkcfof]hgf xf] . lhNnf:t/Lo sfo{sfl/0fL lgsfosf] ?kdf tTsflng /fd]5fk lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt -xfn /fd]5fk lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt_ o; pkcfof]hgfsf] lhNnf:t/Lo sfo{sfl/0fL lgsfo xf] . pkcfof]hgf ;~rfngsf qmddf kg{;Sg] ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds jftfj/0fLo Pj+ ;fdflhs k|efjnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf] of] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f (IEE) k|ltj]bg ;f] tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . k|:tfljt pkcfof]hgf sfof{Gjogn] @)&@ ;fn a}zfv !@ ut] uPsf] ljWj+;sf/L e"sDk / ;f]xL jif{ a}zfv @( df uPsf] d'Vo k/fsDksf sf/0f pNn]Vo ?kdf Ifltu|:t o; ;8s v08nfO{ k'gM ;+rfngdf NofO{ /fd]5fk lhNnfsf] lnv' ufFpkflnsfsf] j8fx? @, #, $, % / & -;fljs ;}+k', lah'nLsf]6, gfubx / ltNk'ª uf=lj=;=_ tyf ToxfFsf !$ eGbf j9L jl:tx?nfO{ tTsflng lhNnf ;b/d'sfd dGynL tyf b]zsf cGo If]q;Fu ;8s ;+hfn dfkm{t hf]8\g]5 .
@= k|:tfjs e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf (EEAP) cGtu{t xNb]a];L—wf]aL—9fF8]a];L ;8s -#*=*(( ls=ld=_ k'g:yf{kgf tyf k'glg{df{0f pkcfof]hgfsf] lhNnf:t/Lo sfo{sf/L lgsfo Pj+ k|f/lDes jftfj/0f kl/If0fsf] nflu k|:tfjssf] ?kdf tTsflng lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt -xfn /fd]5fk lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt_ sf] sfof{no /fd]5fk /x]sf] 5 . k|:tfjssf] k'/f 7]ufgf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfof{no /fd]5fk dGynL, /fd]5fk ;Dks{ kmf]g M )$*—%$)#$&, %$)!!$ km\ofS; M )$*—%$))@(
#= k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf] cf}lrTo tyf p2]Zo e'sDkaf6 k|efljt ;+/rgfsf] k'glg{df0f{ ;DaGwL] P]g, @)&@, e'sDkaf6 k|efljt ;+/rgfsf] k'glg{df0f ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&@ tyf e"sDk k|efljt ;+/rgfsf] k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu jftfj/0fLo k|efj d'Nof+sg ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw @)&@ / klxnf] ;+;f]wg @)&# -cg';'rL !_ Pj+ Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] ;'/If0f
i IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap gLlt syg -;]kmuf8{ kf]nL;L :6]6d]G6_ @))( cg';f/ jftfj/0fLo k|efjsf] Jojxf/Ls tyf 7fFp laif]z Go"lgs/0f tyf nfea[[¢Lsf pkfox? ;'emfj ug{ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f cWoog sfo{ cfjZos b]lvG5 . k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg cWoogsf] d'Vo p2]Zo pkcfof]hgf If]qsf] ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0fdf kg]{ k|efjx? kQf nufpg'sf ;fy} jftfj/0fdf kg]{ gsf/fTds k|efjsf] Go"lgs/0fsf pkfox? / ;sf/fTds k|efj a9fpg] pkfox? af/] ;'emfj lbg' / jftfj/0fLo Aoa:yfkg of]hgf agfO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg' /x]sf] 5 .
$= k|:tfjsf] ljj/0f tyf cWoog ljlw k|:tfljt pkcfof]hgf /fd]5fk lhNnfsf] lnv' ufpFkflnsfsf j8f @, #, $, % / & -;flas ;}+k', lah'nLsf]6, gfubx / ltNk'ª uf=lj=;=_ af6 k|j]z ub{5 . tTsflng lh=lj=;= /fd]5fkn] o; ;8ssf] xNb]a];L b]vL 9fF8]a];L;Dd #*=*(( (Ch 0+000 to 38+899) ls=ld= v08nfO{ e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf cGtu{t k'glg{ld{0fsf] k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 . o; ;8snfO{ k|yd :t/sf] lhNnf ;8ssf] dfkb08df u|fe]n :t/df k'glg{df{0f ul/g] 5 . 5]psf] 9n / ;f]Nh/ ;lxt o;sf] s'n rf}8fO{ ^=@% ld= x'g]5 . o; pkcfof]hgfsf] OlGhlgol/ª nfut d'=c=s= ;lxt g]=?=@*#,$@*,)&!=$@ /x]sf] 5 . of] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f k|ltj]bg g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfg"gL cfj:ostf k'/f ug{ cfjZos ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx?sf] k"j{cWoog tyf :ynut cWoog / ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ;lrj:t/Lo lg0f{oåf/f @)&@.!@.!) ut] :jLs[t sfo{;'rLsf] clwgdf /lx tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
%= pkcfof]hgfsf] ljBdfg jftfj/0fLo cj:yf pkcfof]hgf If]q dWo kfxf8L ef}uf]lns If]qdf /x]sf] 5 . o; If]qsf] e'uf]ndf 7f8f eL/ tyf pkTosf /x]sf 5g\ . ef}ule{s b[li6sf]0fn] of] If]qdf dWo kfxf8L If]qsf] dWo / pRr sf]6Lsf] kl/jlt{t -d]6fdlkm{s r§fg_, d'Vo?kdf lkmnfO6, PlDkmaf]nfO{6, d]6f:ofG8:6f]g / l;:6 kfOG5 . ef}uf]lns prfO{sf] leGgtfsf sf/0f o; pkcfof]hgf If]qdf pi0f, pkf]i0f / Gofg] ;dlztf]i0f xfjfkfgL kfOG5 . o; If]qsf] tfkqmd udL{df #) l8=;]=;Dd k'Ug] / lxpFbdf % l8=;]= ;Dd emg]{ u/]sf] 5 . oxfF jflif{s ;/b/ !&)) ld=ld= jiff{ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . k|:tfljt ;8sdf !@ eGbf j9L ;fgf v]flN;x? /x]sf 5g\ 7"nf vf]nf o; v08df kb}{gg\ . k|:tfljt ;8s 5]psf] e"pkof]udf jgIf]q, s[lif, cfjf; tyf ahf/ If]q /x]sf 5g\ . of] pkcfof]hgf v]taf/L, cfjf; If]q, jg tyf v'Nnf If]qaf6 k|j]z ub{5 h;dWo] )±)*) b]lv )±&*) tyf @±%() b]lv #±)^), !±%@) b]lv !±*$%, !^±*)) b]lv !&±))), @$±!)) b]lv @$±@%), @^±))) b]lv @^±@)), #)±)!) b]lv #!±!)), #^±)!) b]lv #&±)() / #&±!%) b]lv #&±$$% ;Ddsf v08x? ljleGg cf7 -*_ j6f ;fd'bfls jg qmdzM v'Djf/L ;f=j=, /fDr] ;f=j=, v/fª v'?Ë ;f=j=, em§]Zj/L ;f=j=, e[Ë]Zj/ ;f=j=, kf]s' ;fn3f/L -;}k'_ ;f=j=, tf?s] ;Nn]gL ;f=j= / ;}k' kfvf ;f=j=af6 k|j]z ub{5 . o; ;8ssf] ;'?jflt v08df ;fn / af]6 wo/f] h:tf ?vx? kfOG5g\ eg] clwsf+z If]qdf lrnfpg], ;NNff, plQ; cflb kfOG5 . To;}u/L ;8ssf] clGtd v08df lnv' vf]nfsf] lsgf/df vo/, l;dn, l;;f} cflb kfOG5 . ;8s lsgf/df e]l6Psf jg:kltx?df eg] ;fn, c:gf, af]6 wo/f], hfd'gf, lug]/L, ufof] cflb /x]sf 5g\ . o; If]qsf] h+undf kfOg] jGo hGt'x?df d[u, dn;fk|f]] cflb k'b{5g\ .
ii IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap k|:tfljt ;8s /fd]5fk lhNnfsf] lnv' ufpFkflnsfsf j8f @, #, $, % / & -tTsflng ;}+k', lah'nLsf]6, gfubx / ltNk'ª uf=lj=;=_ cGtu{t cGtu{t xNb]a];L, /ftdf6], ltNk'ª, bfl/daf]6, 9fF8], rfvs{, nfdfufpF, wf]jL, sf]6ufpF, wf/fkfgL, kf]s', l;l/;], a]nf}/L, 9fF8]a];L nfufotsf !$ eGbf a9L jl:tx? kb{5g\ . k|efljt If]qdf $(@* 3/w'/Lddf !)^!% k'?if / !@$($ dlxnf u/L hDdf @#!)( hg;+Vofsf] a;f]af; /x]sf] 5 . o; If]qd If]qL hftLsf dflg;sf] afx'Notf /x]sf] 5 eg] cGo k|d'v hfltdf tfdfª / du/ /x]sf 5g\ . cfof]hgf If]qsf] ;fIf/tf b/ ^@=(* k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgf If]qsf w]/}h;f] AolQmx? s[lif / kz'kfng k]zfdf ;+nUg 5g\ . cGo d'Vo k]zfdf Aofkf/ / j}b]lzs /f]huf/ dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . ;8s If]qdf Rff/j6f pk:jf:Yo rf}sLn] :jf:Yo ;]jf k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . vfg]kfgLsf] nflu ()=!@ k|ltzt 3/w'/Ln] kfOkåf/f ljtl/t kfgLsf] k|of]u ub{5g\ . k|efljt If]qdf tTsflng ltNk'ª / ;}+k' uf=lj=;=sf s]xL 3/w'/Ldf dfq ljB't ;]jf k'u]sf] 5 . oxfFsf] k|d'v :yfgLo ahf/ xNb]a];L, wf]aL / 9fF8]a];L x'g\ eg] d'Vo ahf/ eg] dGynL, /fd]5fk / rl/sf]6df /x]sf] 5 .
^= jftfj/0fLo k|efjx? ^=! ;sf/fTds k|efjx? pkcfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf qmddf tTsfn b]lvPsf ;sf/fTds k|efjx?df o;n] #(!,%*) JoQmLlbg a/fj/sf] c:yfoL /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ ;[hgf ug]{ 5 . o;}u/L pkcfof]hgf ;~rfng kl5 x'g] ;sf/fTds k|efjx?df /fd]5fk lhNnfsf] lnv' ufpFkflnsfsf j8f @, #, $, % / & sf hgtfnfO{ aif}e/L oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf tyf kx'Fr, s[lif pBf]usf] k|j4{g, cfly{s ljsf;, cfbL /x]sf 5g\ . ;8s ;+rfngdf cfPkl5 pkcfof]hgf k|efljt If]qsf hgtfx?nfO{ ;fdflhs ;]jf h:t}M :jf:Yo, lzIff, ;fd'bflos ;]jf, ahf/ tyf cGo ;'lawfdf ;xh / b|"t kxF'r k|fKt x'g]5 . o; ;8ssf] k'g:yf{kgf tyf k'glg{df{0f kl5 o; If]qdf b}lgs pkEff]Uo a:t'x?, vfB tyf cGo a:t'x?sf] cfk'lt{ ;xh x'g]5 eg] o; If]qsf] s[lif pkh cflbn] klg ;xh ahf/ k|fKt ug]{5 h;n] ubf{ hLjg:t/ a[l4 x'g]5 / e"sDk k|efljt hgtfsnfO{ ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s k'g:yf{kgfdf d2t k'Ug]5 .
^=@ gsf/fTds k|efjx? pkcfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf qmddf jftfj/0fsf] ;fdflhs cjojdf b]lvg;Sg] k|d'v gsf/fTds k|efjx?df pknAw ;]jf ;'ljwfdf bjfj, :yfgLo / cfuGt's sfdbf/x? lar åGb l;h{gf, k]zfut :jf:Yo tyf ;'/Iffdf k|efj, cflb d'Vo ;/f]sf/sf /x]sf 5g . ;8s lj:tf/ tyf gfln lgdf{0f ubf{ ljleGg lsQf tyf hUufwlgdf ljeflht @=(* x] lghL hUuf k|fKt ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . cGo c;/x?df sfo{ / Hofnf ljt/0fdf n}+lus lje]b, hf]lvdk"0f{ sfo{df gfjfnsfx?sf] k|of]u, c:j:y cfjf;sf sf/0f km}lng] /f]u, zf/Ll/s ;Dks{sf sf/0f ;g]{ of}g /f]u tyf cGo ;?jf /f]ux? x'g;Sg] b]lvG5g\ . ;fy} cfof]hgf ;+rfng kZrft pknAw ;'ljwfsf sf/0f ;8s lsgf/df cJojl:yt j;f]jf; a9\g uO{ ;8s If]q cltqmd0f x'g] ;Defjgf klg /xG5 .
;8s lgdf{0f k|s[ofdf k|of]u x'g] pks/0f, ;jf/L;fwg Pj+ /;folgs tTjx?sf] sf/0f Wjlg, xfjf / kfgL k|b'lift x'g ;S5 . kmf]xf]/sf] plrt Joj:yfkg gePdf hn tyf hldgsf] k|b'if0fn] cGo gsf/fTds k|efj lgDTofpg] ;Defjgf /xG5 . lgdf{0f ;fdlu|x?sf] ;d'lrt e08f/0f tyf ;+rfng gubf{ r'xfj6sf sf/0f ;txL tyf e'ldut hn k|b'lift x'g;Sb5 . h}ljs jftfj/0fdf kg]{ k|efjsf] ;Gbe{df rf]/Llzsf/Lsf sf/0f jGohGt'df kg]{ k|efjnfO{ dxTjk"0f{ dfGg ;lsG5 . ;8s lj:tf/sf qmddf @$±!)) b]lv @$±@%), @^±))) b]lv @^±@)), / #)±)!) b]lv #!±!)), #^±)!) b]lv #&±)() / #&±!%) b]lv #&±$$% ;Dd qmdzM em6\6]Zj/L, e[Ë]Zj/, kf]s' ;fn3f/L -;}k'_ ;f=j=, tf?s] ;Nn]gL ;f=j= / ;}k' kfvf ;f=j=sf] hDdf !)% j6f lrnfpg], plQ;, af]6 wo/f], kf}jf / dn]bf]sf ?vx? sf6\g'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
iii IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
&= Go"lgs/0fsf pkfox? cfof]hgfsf] gsf/fTds c;/x? Go"lgs/0f ug{sf nflu ljleGg Jojxfl/s tyf ldtJooL pkfox? ;'emfj ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf k|:tfjsn] cfof]hgf lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfngsf] cjlwdf o:tf pkfox? cjnDag ug]{ 5g\ . cfof]hgf lgdf{0f cjlwsf] qmddf k|:tfjsn] lgdf{0f Joj;foL dfkm{t Go'gLs/0fsf pkfox? nfu" ug]{]5 . cjnDag ul/g] s]xL k|d'v pkfox? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ . cled'lvs/0f tyf Ifdtf ljsf; tflnd dfkm{t dxLnf tyf ljkGg au{sf] ;;lQms/0f ul/g]5 . lghL hUuf, lghL ;+/rgf / lghL ?vla?jf nufotsf lghL ;DklQsf] clwu|x0f ubf{ Ifltk'lt{ lbOg]5 . l;+rfO{sf s'nf]x?sf] xsdf ;se/ ltgsf] ;+/If0f jf Iflt k'u]df lgdf{0f kZrft k'g:yf{kgf ul/g]5 . :yfgLo ;]jf ;'ljwfdf bjfj sd ug{ 7]s]bf/n] b}lgs pkef]Uo cfjZostf h:t} vfg] kfgL, ;+rf/, tyf vfgf ksfpg] OGwg, cflbsf] Joj:yf SofDkleq} ug]{ 5 . lgdf{0f ultljlwsf sf/0f s'g} ef}lts ;+/rgfdf Iflt x'g uPdf To;sf] k'glg{df{0f jf k'g:yf{kgf ul/g] 5 . k]zfut :jf:Yo / ;'/Iffsf] ;/f]sf/sf nflu cfjZos tof/L ul/g] 5 . sfdbf/x?nfO{ x]Nd]6, kGhf, a'6, ;'/IffTds k]6L, r:df, df:s cflb k|bfg ul/g] 5 . lgdf{0f / e08f/0f:yndf cgflws[t k|j]z / ultljlw /f]Sg vt/fsf ;+s]tx?, 5]saf/ Pj+ kfn]sf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 . SofDk tyf lgdf{0f If]qaf6 %) ld k/ c:yfO{ rkL{sf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 / ltgnfO{ kfgLsf] ;|f]taf6 %) ld k/ /flvg] 5 . pTvgg\af6 lg:s]sf] df6f]nfO{ lgwf{l/t :yfgdf 6f] jfn, l/6]lgË jfn, j[Iff/f]k0f / cfjZostf cg';f/ gfnLx? lgdf{0f u/L ;xL tl/sfn] Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 . ljBdfg / ;Defljt klx/f]nfO{ pko'Qm h}ljs k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L lgoGq0f tyf /f]syfd ul/g]5 . cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf] qmddf lg:sg] 3/]n' tyf lgdf{0fhGo kmf]xf]/d}nfnfO{ gbLIf]q af6 k/ pko'Qm :yfgdf / efF8f]df ;+sng ul/g] 5 / ltgsf] k|sf/ cg'?k Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 . lgdf{0f ultljlwdf k|of]u x'g] t]n tyf cGo /;folgs kbfy{x?nfO{ pko'Qm :yfgdf Wofgk'j{s e08f/0f tyf pkof]u ul/g] 5 . cfof]hgfn] sf6\g] kfFr ;fd'bflos agsf !)% ?vx?sf] Ifltk'lt{sf nflu @,^@% -!M@% sf] cg'kftdf_ j6f ?vx? /f]kL ;fd'bfls jg dfkm{t ;+/If0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfOg] 5 . jGohGt'sf] rf]/Ll;sf/L lgoGq0f tyf ltgsf] ;+/If0f ;DaGwL ;r]tgf hufpg] ;Gb]z af]s]sf] xf]l8{Ë af]8{x? /flvg]5 .
*= ;fj{hlgs k/fdz{ tyf ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ug]{ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tof/Lsf] nflu !% lbg] ;fj{hlgs ;'rgf g]kfn ;dfrf/kq /fli6«o b}lgsdf lj=;+= @@÷!@÷@)&@ df k|sflzt u/L ;DalGwt ;fljs uf=lj=;=, lh=j=sf=, ;fljs lh=lj=;=, ljBfno, :jf:y rf}sL, ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf AolQm jf ;+:yfx?af6 /fo ;'´fa ;+sngsf] nfuL k|sfzLt u/l/Psf] lyof] . k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f ug]{ qmddf k|:tfljt ;8s glhssf j:tLx?df ufpmF:t/Lo ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlgwL tyf cGo :yfgLo AolStx?;Fu k|:tfjLt pkcfof]hgfaf6 kg{ hfg] ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds c;/ jf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg ;fj{hlgs 5nkmn u/LPsf] lyof] .
iv IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
:yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] /fo;'emfj ;lxt ;dfj]z u/L tof/ ul/Psf] k|ltj]bg :jLs[tLsf] nflu /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f ;dIf k]z ul/g]5 . l:js[t k|ltj]bg ;/f]sf/jfnf / cGo AolQm jf ;+:yfx?sf] kx'rsf] nfuL /fd]5fk lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ;ldtLsf] ;'rgf s]Gb|, PlzofnL ljsf; a}+s, ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yflgo ljsf; dGqfno, /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f, e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgfsf] j]e;fO6df /flvg]5 .
(= u'gf;f] lgbfg ;+oGq pkcfof]hgfsf] jftfj/0fLo / ;fdflhs sfo{;Dkfbgsf] ;Gbe{df :yfgLo hgtfsf] hgu'gf;f] ;'Gg / tLgsf] plrt tyf ;dofg's'n ;Daf]wg ug{ o; k|f=j=k= k|ltj]bgdf $ txsf] u'gf;f] lgbfg ;+oGqsf] af/]df cf}+NofOPsf] 5 .
!)= jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkg of]hgf pkcfof]hgfsf] c;/, l:ylt, ltgsf Go"lgs/0fsf pkfox?, cg'udgsf] tl/sf / ;do tlnsf ;d]6]/ cWofo ( df jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgf tof/ kf/LPsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} Go"lgs/0fsf pkfo sfof{Gjog / cg'udgsf] lhDd]jf/ lgsfosf] klxrfg o; jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkg of]hgfdf ul/Psf] 5 . k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsf ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0f cGtu{tsf ljleGg cg'udgsf ;"rsx? klg kQf nufOPsf 5g\ . pkcfof]hgf k'glg{df{0fsf] cg'udg /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f tyf lhNnfsf cGo lgsfox?n] ug]{5g\ . jftfj/0fLo cg'udgsf] nflu ? @)),))) ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . o; pkcfof]hgfsf] jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkgsf] nfuL ? !#,%@),*(*=!* 5'6ofOPsf] 5 . h;dWo] ? !@,)%*,#&(=$# o;sf] l;len nfutdf ;dfj]z ul/;lsPsf] 5 .
!!= lgisif{ o;:t/sf] pkcfof]hgfsf nflu pkcfof]hgfaf6 x'g] gsf/fTds c;/x? guGo 5g\ . w]/}h;f] c;/x? :yfgLo :t/d} lgdf{0f r/0fdf dfq l;ldt 5g\ . cfof]hgfaf6 x'g] clwsf+z gsf/fTds c;/x?nfO{ lbOPsf Go"lgs/0fsf pkfox?af6} sd jf Ifltk"tL{ ug{ ;lsG5 / :yfgLo:t/df / lgdf{0f r/0fd} l;ldt ug{ ;lsG5 . jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkg of]hgfsf] leq ;d]6LPsf pkfox? cjnDag u/LP kl/of]hgf If]qdf ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs tyf ;f:s[lts jftfj/0fdf 7"nf] c;/kg]{ b]lvb}g . To;}n] cfof]hgfsf] k|s[lt, o;sf] cjl:ylt, :yfgLo hg;d'bfox?sf] cfof]of]hgf k|ltsf] ?lr tyf klxrfg ul/Psf ;Defljt gsf/fTds c;/x?nfO{ dWogh/ ub{} k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f cWoogn] lgb]{zg u/] cg'?ksf] Go"lgs/0f tyf clej[l4s/0fsf pkfox? cjnDag u/L pkcfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ pko'Qm b]lvG5 . o;sf] nflu k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f cWoog g} oy]i7 /x]sf] 5 .
v IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Executive Summary 1. Background In order to accelerate economic and social recovery of the communities through rehabilitation and reconstruction of local infrastructures damaged due to devastating earthquake of 25 April 2015 and the major aftershock of 12 May 2015, Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) has been implemented under financial support of Asian Development Bank (ADB) and technical support of Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) in 12 affected district. Through this project, the ADB will support the Government of Nepal (GoN) in its efforts to put thousands of children back into schools, return vital government services to desperate communities, and create jobs and income for families by repairing critical road networks. The project will also repair and improve about 135 km of strategic roads and about 450 km of rural roads damaged by the earthquake and landslides. The National Reconstruction Authority (NRA) is the coordinating government agency. The Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD) and the District Coordination Committees (DCCs)/District Technical Office (DTO) are the implementing agencies at central and district levels respectively.
Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi (38.899 km) Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub- Project is one of the projects under EEAP. As the district level implementing agency of the sub-project, this IEE study report has been prepared by DCC (then District Development Committee, DDC) Ramechhap to address the likely environmental and social impact, both beneficial and adverse, due to the proposed upgrading of the road.
The proposed reconstruction and reconstruction of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road will render the existing infrastructure devastated by devastating earthquake of 25 April 2015 and the major aftershock of 12 May 2015 fully operative and reinstate the road access to more than 14 settlements of the wards 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 of Likhu Rural Municipality (then Saipu, Bijulikot, Nagdaha and Tilpung VDCs) of Ramechhap District to the district headquarter in Manthali and other parts of the country.
2. The Proponent The DCC (then DDC), Ramechhap is the executing agency at the district level under Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) project and the proponent of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi (38.899 km) Road.
Full Address of the Proponent: Office of the District Coordination Committee, Ramechhap Manthali, Ramechhap Telephone No. 048-540347, 540114 Fax No. 048-540029
3. Rationale and Objectives of the IEE Preparation of IEE for district road is mandatory according to Act relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2015, Rule relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2016, Work Procedure Related with Environmental Impact
vi IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Assessment for Rehabilitation of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2016 and First Amendment 2016 (Schedule 1) and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 to suggest the appropriate practical & site specific mitigation and enhancement measures to address the environmental impact of the proposal.
The main objective of the IEE study is to identify the impacts of physical, biological, socio- economic and cultural environment of the sub-project area and recommend practical and site specific environmental mitigation and enhancement measures, prepare and implement environmental management plan for the sub-project.
4. Project Description and Study Methodology The proposed sub-project passes through wards 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 of Likhu Rural Municipality (then Saipu, Bijulikot, Nagdaha and Tilpung VDCs) of Ramechhap District of Nepal. Then DDC has proposed to reconstruct the 38.899 km (CH 0+000 to 38+899) km road under EEAP. It will be rehabilitated and reconstructed into a District Road Core Network (DRCN) standard road with gravel pavement. The road will have 6.25 meter formation width including shoulder and drainage. The estimated total engineering cost including VAT is NRs. 283,428,071.42
This IEE report has been prepared following necessary desk and field study and defined procedure and also on the basis of the ToR approved by the secretary level decision of the MoFALD on 2016-03-23 A.D. to fulfill the statutory requirement of GoN.
5. Existing Environmental Condition The project area lies in the Mid-hills (Lesser Himalayan) physiographic zones of Nepal. The area has a rugged topography consisting steep hills and river valleys. Geologically, the study area comprises medium to high grade metamorphic rocks of Lesser Himalayan Sequence of Central Nepal mainly phyllites, amphibolites, metasandstone and schists.
Considering the elevation, the area has tropical, sub-tropical and warm temperate climatic conditions. The temperature reaches as high as 300C in the summer and falls as low as 50C in the winter. It receives annual rainfall is 1700 mm. The road alignment passes through more than 12 small streams. No major stream fall along the alignment. The landuse in the ZoI includes cultivated/agricultural land, settlement and market area and forest.
The sub-project segment lies among cultivation area, settlement, forest patches and barren land among which sections at Ch 0+080 to 0+780 and Ch 2+590 3+060, Ch 1+520 to 1+845, Ch 16+800 to 17+000, Ch 24+100 to 24+250, Ch 26+000 to 26+200, 30+010 to 31+100, Ch 36+010 to 37+090 and Ch 37+150 to 37+445 fall under eight different Community Forests: Khumbari CF, Ramche CF, Kharang Khurung CF, Jhatteswari CF, Bhringeshwar CF, Saipu CF, Taruke Salleni CF and Saipu Pakha CF respectively. The beginning section of the road has trees like Sal (Shorea robusta), and Bot dhayero (Lagerstroemia parviflora), whereas the most of the remaining section Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Khote Salla (Pinus roxburghii) and Uttis (Alnus nepalensis) etc. Likewise, ending section of the road alongside of the Likhu Khola has Khayar (Acacia catechu), Simal (Bombax ceiba), Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo). The trees reported alongside of the road alignment include Sal (Shorea robusta), Asna (Terminalia alata), Bot dhayero (Lagerstroemia parviflora), Jamun (Syzygium cumini), Gineri (Premna integrifolia),
vii IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Gayo (Bredelia retusa) etc. Wildlives reported near project area are Mriga(Muntiacus muntjak), Malsapro (Martef flabiguli) etc.
The road alignment passes through wards 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 Likhu Rural Municipality of Ramechhap District and more than 14 major settlements along the alignment that include Haldebesi, Ratmate, Tiplung, Darimbot, Dhande, Chakharka, Lamagau, Dhobi, Kotgau, Dharapani, Poku, Sirise, Belauri and Dhandebesi. Around 23109 persons with 10615 male and 12494 female live in 4928 households in the ZoI of the sub-project. The population of the project area is dominated by Chhetri followed by the indigenous group Tamang and Magar. Total literacy of then project VDC is 62.98%. Agriculture and livestock rearing are the major occupations of the project area. Other occupations include small business and aboard jobs. Health care service is being delivered by four Sub-Health Posts along the road alignment. Almost 90.12% of the household are benefitted by piped drinking water. Almost all of the households in the project area have been supplied with electricity. Haldebesi, Dhobi and Dhandebesi are the local market centers and the major nearest markets are Manthali, Ramechhap and Charikot.
6. Environmental Impacts 6.1 Beneficial Impacts The immediate beneficial impact from the project during construction phase is generation of temporary employment opportunity of 391,580 persondays. The major beneficial impacts after project completion includes enhanced accessibility and transportation facility throughout the year to the people of wards 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 of Likhu Rural Municipality of the Ramechhap District, promotion of agro-enterprises based on local agricultural products and economic development. Once in operation the road will offer easy, comfortable and quick access to people of the area to social service facilities like health, education, market and other facilities. After rehabilitation and reconstruction of the road, the supply of daily consumables, food and others will be easy and provide market to local agricultural products, especially Junar which will improve the living standard of and help the the earthquake affected people in social and economic recovery.
6.2 Adverse Impacts Among the adverse impact on the social domain of the environment, pressure on existing service facilities, possible conflict and clash between local and outside workers, occupational health and safety are of chief concern. For widening of road and construction of side drains 2.98 ha of private land distributed in different plots belonging to different owners will be acquired. Other impacts are gender discrimination in task and wage distribution, involvement of children in risky works, diseases due to unhygienic living condition, communicable diseases and STDs, etc. During operation phase, ribbon settlement along the project alignment could develop haphazardly and encroachment might occur along road alignment.
Operation of construction equipment and vehicles and use of chemical substances during construction activites may produce noise, water and air pollution. Improper management of waste may cause water and soil pollution leading to other deleterious consequences. Improper storage and handling of construction materials and equipments may cause water and soil pollution through leakage and seepage. Regarding the impact on biological environment, hunting and poaching of wild animal is also possible during construction and
viii IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap operation but the chances are very low. In course of widening the road, altogether 105 trees of Uttis, Chilaune and Maledo need to be felled down from five CFUGs: Jhateswari, Bhringeshwar, Poku Salgharni (Saipu CF), Taruke Salleri and Saipu Pakha CFs at Ch 24+100 to 24+250, Ch 26+000 to 26+200, 30+010 to 31+100, 36+010 to 36+090 and Ch 37+000 to 37+150 respectively.
8. Mitigation Measures A number of practical and cost effective mitigation measures have been suggested to prevent, correct and compensate the adverse effects of the project implementation. The project proponent is bound to implement these measures during the construction and operation of the project. For construction phase, the proponent will implement the mitigation measures through contractor. Some of the major measures to be adopted are as follows:
Women and disadvantaged people will be empowered through awareness and capacity development training. Private properties including private land, private structures and private trees will be acquired after compensation. Irrigation will be protected or rehabilitated after construction in case of damage. To reduce the pressure on service facilities, contractor will manage utilities like communication, lighting and cooking energy, drinking water supply, etc within the camp. Any damages to physical infrastructures will be reconstructed or rehabilitated. To address the issue of occupational health and safety, proper safety arrangements will be made. Safety equipment such as helmets, boots, gloves, safety belts, safety glasses and masks will be provided to the workers working in the construction sites. Warning signs, posts, barriers and guards will be installed to restrict access of unauthorized persons to storage areas. Arrangements of temporary latrines will be made for workers and they will be placed 50 m away from water bodies. Spoil generated from earthwork will be disposed in designated location and managed properly with toe wall and retaining wall, vegetation cover and necessary drainage structures. Existing and possible landslides will be controlled or prevented by appropriate bio- engineering technique. All the camp wastes and construction wastes will be placed in the designated waste collection pits away from the water path. Oils and other chemicals used in construction activities will be handled carefully and stored in fallow land away from the river beds by using impervious layers. Arrangement will be made to plant 2,625 trees and protect them through the respective CFUGs to compensate the 105 trees felled from the three Community Managed Forests along the road corridor. Hoarding boards carrying messages to aware people on control of hunting and poaching of wildlife and their conservation will be placed.
8. Public Consultation and Information Disclosure In order to prepare the IEE report, 15 days public notice was published on 04/04/2016 AD in Nepal Samacharpatra, a national Nepali daily newspaper seeking written opinions from
ix IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap concerned then VDCs, DFO, CFUGs, schools, health posts and related local organizations. Public consultation was done with the local people living near the proposed road, members of local organizations and local leaders during the preparation of IEE report in order to aware them of incoming road rehabilitation and reconstruction sub-project and to identify the possible beneficial and adverse impacts due to this sub-project.
IEE report prepared by incorporating the suggestions of local stakeholders will be presented to NRA for review and approval. The approved report will be made accessible to interested parties and the general public through the information center of MoFALD, NRA, Likhu Rural Municipality and websites of ADB and EEAP.
9. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) The IEE report has suggested four (4) levels of GRMs to receive and facilitate resolution of affected people’s concerns and grievances regarding project’s environmental and social performances and impacts in a timely and satisfactory manner.
10. Environmental Management Plan Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been proposed with present report including issues identified, possible effects and impacts, measures for their mitigation, monitoring methods and schedule in Chapter 9. In addition, agencies responsible for executing environmental mitigation measures and monitoring have been identified in the EMP. Different monitoring indicators on the physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment have also been identified. The NRA with local bodies will monitor during reconstruction and operation phase. For the environmental monitoring, NR 200,000 has been allocated. The cost for environmental mitigation measures and benefit augmentation is NRs. 13,520,898.18 where NRs. 12,058,379.43 is allocated within civil work cost. This does not include the cost required for implementation of Resettlement Plan (RP) and Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) Plan.
11. Conclusion Most of the identified and perceived impacts of the project are of low significance compared to the project of this scale. With the set of mitigation measures, most of the identified adverse impacts can be minimised and/or compensated and limited to locality and construction period. Once the measures outlined in the EMP are implemented, there is no risk for residual impacts that may affect the physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment of the project area. Hence, it is suitable to implement the project addressing the impacts through the mitigation and enhancement measures suggested by this IEE, considering the nature of the project, its location, and people’s positive perceptions and identified environmental impacts. This IEE study is considered sufficient for this project.
x IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1. Background ...... 1 1.2. Project Implementation Unit ...... 2 1.3. Consultant ...... 2 1.4. Objectives of ToR ...... 3 1.5. Objectives of IEE Study ...... 3 1.6. Rationale for Conducting IEE ...... 3 1.7. Limitations of the IEE Study ...... 4 2. DESCRIPTION ON RECONSTRUCTION & REHABILITATION WORKS ...... 5 2.1. Project Location ...... 5 2.2. Salient Features of the Project ...... 9 2.3. Components and Activities of the Sub-Project ...... 10 2.4. Construction Materials Requirement ...... 10 2.5. Source of Construction Materials and Quarry Sites ...... 11 2.6. Land Requirement ...... 11 2.7. Human Resource Requirement ...... 12 2.8. Campsite ...... 12 2.9. Spoil Disposal Area ...... 12 2.10. Project Implementation Schedule ...... 13 2.11. Construction Approach ...... 13 2.12. Cost ...... 14 2.13. Impact Zone ...... 14 2.14. Environment Protection Policy ...... 14 3. STUDY APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ...... 15 3.1. General...... 15 3.2. Study Team ...... 15 3.3. Project Area Delineation ...... 15 3.4. Desk Study and Literature review ...... 16 3.4.1. Review of Existing Information ...... 16 3.4.2. Map Reading ...... 16 3.4.3. Checklists ...... 16 3.5. Field Study ...... 16 3.5.1. Initial Interaction and Consultation with Stakeholders ...... 17 3.5.2. Public Notice ...... 17 3.5.3. Public Consultations ...... 17 3.5.4. Physical Environment ...... 18 3.5.5. Biological Environment...... 18 3.5.6. Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment ...... 19 3.6. Impact Identification, Prediction and Evaluation ...... 20 3.7. Group Judgement ...... 21 3.8. Designation of Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Plans ...... 21 3.9. Report Preparation ...... 21 3.10. Information Disclosure ...... 21 4. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION ...... 22 4.1. Physical Environment ...... 22 4.1.1. Topography ...... 22
xi IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
4.1.2. Geology and Soil Type ...... 22 4.1.3. Slope Stability and Erosion ...... 24 4.1.4. Seismicity of the Project area ...... 24 4.1.5. Climate ...... 25 4.1.6. Drainage and Hydrology ...... 25 4.1.7. Land Use ...... 26 4.1.8. Air Quality, Water Quality and Noise Levels ...... 26 4.2. Biological Environment ...... 26 4.2.1. Vegetation and Forest Type ...... 26 4.2.2. Forest Management Regimes ...... 27 4.2.3. Domesticated Plants ...... 31 4.2.4. Ethno-botany and NTFPs ...... 31 4.2.5. Rare, Threatened and Protected Plants ...... 32 4.2.6. Wildlife ...... 32 4.2.7. Rare, Threatened and Protected Wildlife ...... 32 4.3. Socio Economic and Cultural Environment ...... 33 4.3.1. Population, Household and Settlement ...... 33 4.3.2. Caste and Ethnicity ...... 35 4.3.3. Language ...... 35 4.3.4. Literacy and Education ...... 35 4.3.5. Occupation...... 35 4.3.6. Agriculture and Cropping Pattern ...... 36 4.3.7. Livestock ...... 36 4.3.8. Migration Pattern...... 36 4.3.9. Public Health and Sanitation ...... 37 4.3.10. Public Service Infrastructures and Facilities ...... 37 4.3.11. Food Sufficiency ...... 39 4.3.12. Potential Development Areas ...... 39 4.3.13. Project Affected Families ...... 40 5. IMPACTS OF RECONSTRUCTION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION ON ENVIRONMENT ...... 44 5.1. Beneficial Impacts and Augmentation Measures ...... 44 5.1.1. Construction Phase ...... 44 5.1.2. Operation Phase ...... 45 5.2. Adverse Impacts ...... 46 5.2.1. Pre-construction Phase ...... 46 5.2.2. Construction Phase ...... 47 5.2.3. Adverse Impacts during Operation Phase ...... 51 5.3. Climate Change Impacts ...... 52 5.4. Cumulative Impact ...... 53 5.4.1. Beneficial Impacts ...... 53 5.4.2. Adverse Impacts ...... 53 6. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ...... 55 6.1. No Action Option ...... 55 6.2. Project Alternative ...... 55 6.3. Alternative Alignment ...... 55 6.4. Alternative Design and Construction Approach ...... 55 6.5. Alternative Schedule and Process ...... 56
xii IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
6.6. Alternative Resources ...... 56 6.7. No Forest Option ...... 56 7. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS MITIGATION AND MINIMIZATION TECHNIQUES57 7.1. Augmentation Measures ...... 57 7.1.1. Beneficial Impacts during Construction Phase ...... 57 7.1.2. Beneficial Impacts during Operation Phase ...... 57 7.2. Mitigation Measures...... 58 7.2.1. Pre-construction Phase ...... 58 7.2.2. Construction Phase ...... 59 7.2.3. Adverse Impacts during Operation Phase ...... 65 7.3. Climate Change Impacts ...... 66 8. LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROJECT ...... 67 9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 73 9.1. Institutions and their Roles...... 73 9.2. Reporting and Documentation ...... 75 9.3. Implementation of the Mitigation Measures ...... 75 9.4. Matter to be monitored while implementing the Proposal ...... 86 9.4.1. Baseline Monitoring ...... 86 9.4.2. Compliance Monitoring ...... 86 9.4.3. Impact Monitoring ...... 86 9.5. Monitoring Indicator ...... 87 9.5.1. Pre-Construction Phase ...... 87 9.5.2. Construction Phase ...... 87 9.5.3. Operation Phase ...... 87 9.6. Monitoring Indicators ...... 88 9.7. Cost of Mitigation and Enhancement ...... 97 9.8. Costs of Environmental Monitoring ...... 98 9.9. Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 98 9.9.1. First level of GRM ...... 98 9.9.2. Second level of GRM ...... 99 9.9.3. Third level of GRM ...... 99 9.9.4. Fourth level of GRM ...... 100 9.9.5. Procedure for Grievances Handling as Per National Law ...... 100 10. CONCLUSION...... 102
List of Tables Table 1: Restructuring of Affected VDCs of Ramechhap District ...... 2 Table 2: Salient Features of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road ...... 9 Table 3: Quantity of Construction Materials ...... 11 Table 4: Possible Quarry Sites ...... 11 Table 5: Permanent Land Requirement by Land Use Type ...... 12 Table 6: Manpower Requirement ...... 12 Table 7: Recommended Spoil Disposal Sites ...... 13 Table 8: Sub-Project Implementation Schedule...... 13 Table 9: Study Team ...... 15 Table 10: Impact Area Delineation ...... 16
xiii IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Table 11: Summary of the Meeting Minutes during Public Consultations ...... 18 Table 12: Numerical scales as proposed in the National EIA Guidelines ...... 20 Table 13: Cumulative scores of level of significance ...... 20 Table 14: Geology and Soil Type along Road Alignment ...... 23 Table 15: Landslides and Erosion Prone Areas along Road Alignment ...... 24 Table 16: Major Streams along the Road Alignment ...... 25 Table 17: Landuse along the Road Alignment ...... 26 Table 18: Chainage wise Dominancy of Tree Species ...... 27 Table 19: Community Forest along the Road Alignment ...... 28 Table 20: Medicinal Plants and Local Use ...... 31 Table 21: Rare, Threatened and Protected Animals Found in Project Area ...... 33 Table 22: Population Distribution in District, Rural Municipality and Project Area ...... 34 Table 23: Settlements and Population of the along the Road Corridor ...... 34 Table 24: Occupations of Surveyed Households ...... 36 Table 25: Migration Status in the ZoI ...... 37 Table 26: Food Sufficiency and Income level of the Affected Households ...... 39 Table 27: Status of People Losing their Struturues in Road Sub-project ...... 41 Table 28: People Losing their Land to Road Sub-project ...... 43 Table 29: Trees to be felled at different chainages ...... 50 Table 30: Trees to be Felled and Compensatory Plantation Requirement ...... 64 Table 31: Review of Relevant Acts, Rules, Regulations and Guidelines ...... 67 Table 32: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities ...... 73 Table 33: Summary of the Beneficial Impacts and Enhancement Measures ...... 76 Table 34: Summary of Adverse Impact Prediction and Mitigation Measures ...... 78 Table 35: Monitoring Indicators Selected for this IEE ...... 88 Table 36: Compliance Monitoring of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project ...... 90 Table 37: Impact Monitoring of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project ...... 94 Table 38: Estimate of Environmental Cost of the Sub-Project ...... 97 Table 39: Estimated Cost for Environmental Monitoring ...... 98
List of Figures Figure 1: Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road in DTMP Map of Ramechhap District ...... 6 Figure 2: Road Alignment in Topographical Map ...... 7 Figure 3: Road Alignment in Ecological Map ...... 8 Figure 4: Road Alignment in Google Earth Map ...... 22 Figure 5: Location of Sub-project in Geological Map ...... 23 Figure 6: Seismic risk map of Nepal ...... 25 Figure 7: Environment Management Organization Structure ...... 74 Figure 8: Grievance Redress Mechanism as Per EARF of EEAP ...... 100 Figure 9: Grievance Redress Mechanism in National Law ...... 101
xiv IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Appendices Appendix 1: Terms of Reference approval letter & Approved ToR ...... 106 Appendix 2: Environmental Assessment Checklists ...... 117 Appendix 3: Checklists for Baseline Information Collection ...... 122 Appendix 4: Public Notice ...... 126 Appendix 5: Deeds of Inquiries ...... 128 Appendix 6: Recommendation Letters ...... 140 Appendix 7: Minutes of Public Consultations ...... 146 Appendix 8: Tree Loss and Compensatory Plantation ...... 152 Appendix 9: Abstract of Costs ...... 168 Appendix 10: List of Affected Structure ...... 177 Appendix 11: Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 184 Appendix 12: Environmental and Social Monitoring Report Outline ...... 185 Appendix 13: Pictorial Highlights ...... 186
xv IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Acronyms and Abbreviations ADB: Asian Development Bank amsl: above mean sea level BS: Bikram Sambat CBO: Community Based Organization CFUGs: Community Forest User Group CISC: Central Implementation and Support Consultant CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CL-PIU: Central Level Project Implementation Unit dBA: Decibel (A) DCC: District Coordination Committee DRCN: District Road Core Network DDC: District Development Committee DDR: Detail Design Report DISC: District Implementation and Support Consultant DIA : Direct Impact Area DL-PIU: District Level Project Implementation Unit DMG: Department of Mines and Geology DNPWC: Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation DoLIDAR: Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads DoR: Department of Roads DTMP: District Transport Master Plan DTO: District Technical Office DWSC: Department of Watershed and Soil Conservation EA: Environmental Assessment/Executing Agency EARF: Environment Assessment and Review Framework EEAP: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment EMP: Environment Management Plan IIA : Indirect Impact Area GESI AP: Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Action Plan GIS: Geographical Information System GoN: Government of Nepal HH: Household HIV: Human Immune Deficiency Virus IEE: Initial Environmental Examination IUCN: International Union for Conservation of Nature LEP: Labor based Environmentally Friendly and Participatory Approach LPG: Liquefied Petroleum Gas MoFALD: Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development MoPE: Ministry of Population and Environment NGO: Non-Governmental Organization NTFPs: Non Timber Forest Products NRA: National Reconstruction Authority ODF: Open Defecation Free PAFs: Project Affected Families PAM: Project Administration Manual
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PIU: Project Implementation Unit RCC: Reinforced Cement Concrete RP: Resettlement Plan RoW: Right of Way SDC: Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation STDs: Sexually Transmitted Diseases SWCA: Soil and Water Conservation Act ToR: Terms of Reference VDC: Village Development Committee www: World Wide Web ZoI: Zone of Influence
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background 1. Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) is a project being implemented with the loan financing of ADB, Swiss technical support and counterpart funding from the Government of Nepal (GoN). It aimed at accelerating economic and social recovery of the communities through rehabilitation and reconstruction of local infrastructures damaged due to devastating earthquake of 25 April 2015 and the major aftershock of 12 May 2015. The project will support the Government of Nepal (GoN) in its efforts to put thousands of children back into schools, return vital government services to desperate communities, and create jobs and income for families by repairing critical road networks. The Project covers 12 affected districts in eastern, middle and western development region of Nepal namely: Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, Lalitpur, Kavrepalanchowk, Ramechhap, Okhaldhunga, Sindhuli, Solukhumbu, Ramechhap, Gorkha, Lamjung and Chitwan. The project will repair, retrofit or rebuild at least 700 schools and 300 district-level government buildings damaged by the earthquake to disaster-resilient standards. The project will also repair and improve about 135 km of strategic roads and about 450 km of rural roads damaged by the earthquake and landslides. The roads will be rebuilt with improved road safety features and designed to withstand future disasters and the impact of climate change.
2. National Reconstruction Authority (NRA) is the legally mandated agency for leading and managing the earthquake recovery and reconstruction in Nepal and is the Executing Agency (EA) of EEAP. The Central Level Project Implementation Unit (CL-PIU) for rural road component of EEAP is under the Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD).
3. The proposed rehabilitation and upgrading of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road will provide easy access to the rural Eastern part of Ramechhap District to the district headquarter in Manthali and other parts of the country through Nayapul – Manthali Road. The road serves wards 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 of Likhu Rural Municipality (former Tilpung, Nagdaha, Bijulikot and Saipu VDCs) of Ramechhap District and settlements like Haldebesi, Jhangre, Katahare, Kharibote, Aarubote, Nagdaha, Dhobi, Kotgau, Poku, Sirise Setapahara and Dhade thereof to the rest of the world through road network. These areas have high potential in vegetable, fruits, livestock, dairy and broom grass production.
4. While already, very low number of vehicles was plying on the road because of the bad road condition, the road had been further damaged due to devastating earthquake of 25 April 2015 and the major aftershock of 12 May 2015. Transportation of goods and services from the market centers to the rural areas and vice-versa has been difficult, insufficient and costly due to poor geometry, standards and earthen nature of the road. The proposed rehabilitation and upgrading will facilitate the easy access to the rural people of Ramechhap District. The enhanced road network will provide access to the rural people to the basic service facilities like health, education and daily economic activities hence improving their living standard. Hence, there is an urgent need of rehabilitating and upgrading this road to facilitate easy accessibility for isolated villages and the road has attracted DTMP priority No- 21DR025.
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5. The project affected then Tilpung, Nagdaha, Bijulikot and Saipu VDCs are now restructured as wards of Likhu RM (please refer Table 1). Then office of Bijulikot VDC will be the centre of Likhu RM for now. Office of then DDC, Ramechhap has been acting as office of Distict Coordination Committee. The name of affected then VDCs mentioned in this reports are now ward 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 of Likhu Rural Municipality.
Table 1: Restructuring of Affected VDCs of Ramechhap District VDCs mentioned in report Wards of the VDC Current reformation Tilpung VDC 1-9 Likhu RM 7 Nagdaha VDC 1-9 Likhu RM 5 Bijulikot VDC 5-9 Likhu RM 4 Bijulikot VDC 1-4 Likhu RM 3 Saipu VDC 1-9 Likhu RM 2
6. The Terms of Reference (ToR) was prepared and approved before the formulation of Work Procedure Related with Environmental Impact Assessment for Rehabilitation of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2072 (2016) based on Environment Protection Act 1997 and Environment Protection Rule 1997. It was approved by the secretary level decision of the MoFALD on 2072-12-10 (March 23, 2016) right before the mobilization of the design team. The road design parameters were revised in the course and the length and formation width fixed at 38.899 km and 6.25 m respectively. So, there is a discrepancy in the design information in the IEE Report, ToR and the public notice. The IEE Report, ToR and the public notice deals with the same road, DRCN No. 21DR025 and the name of the obligatory points are the same. This IEE Report has been prepared based on the final DPR.
1.2. Project Implementation Unit 7. DCC Ramechhap is the implementing agency at the district level (DL-PIU) and the proponent of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road. The National Reconstruction Authority (NRA) is the concerned authority for the approval of IEE study report.
Address of the Proponent Office of the District Coordination Committee, Ramechhap Manthali, Ramechhap Telephone No. 048-540347, 540114 Fax No. 048-540029 Email: [email protected]
1.3. Consultant Central Implementation Support Consultant (CISC) Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) Ekantakuna, Lalitpur P.O. Box 113 Telephone No: 977-1-5543142/43 Fax No: 977-1-5543144 E-mail: [email protected] ; Website: www.drilpnepal.org
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8. Af-Iteco Ltd., Switzerland acting as Central Implementation Support Consultant of EEAP has awareded consultancy services to the JV of Gaurav Integrated Development Associates Nepal P. Ltd (GIDA Nepal P. Ltd), NEST P. Ltd. and JAARSA Engineering Consultancy (P) Ltd., Sankhamul, Kathmandu who was responsible for conducting the necessary desk and field study and preparing IEE report on behalf of the proponent adhering with the approved ToR and all the prevalent policies, acts, rules and guidelines.
NEST P. Ltd. Sankhamul-34, Kathmandu Telephone No. 01-4784515 Email: [email protected]
1.4. Objectives of ToR 9. The main objective of the TOR was to guide the preparation of the comprehensive and coherent Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study report as per the Environment Protection Act 1997 (EPA ’97) and Environment Protection Rules 1997 (EPR ’97) and amendments. The specific objectives of the study were to:
Identify the data requirement of IEE study and general methods for acquisition of such information. Identify major issues that may arise as a result of proposed works on bio-physical, socio-economic and cultural environment of the project area, Identify relevant legal documents that need to be reviewed during the IEE study and subsequent project implementation. Provide an outline on structure of IEE study report
1.5. Objectives of IEE Study 10. The objective of the IEE study is to identify the environmental impact due to implementation of the sub-project in the area and to suggest a sustainable way out, help decision makers to balance development and protection of human well being and the environment. The specific objectives of the study are to:
Provide information on the general environmental setting of the project area as baseline data, Identify, predict and evaluate the major issues that may arise as a result of proposed works on bio-physical, socio-economic and cultural environment of the project area, Recommend practical and site specific environmental mitigation and enhancement measures, Prepare and implement environmental management and monitoring plan for the project, and Ensure that IEE is sufficient for the proposed road project.
1.6. Rationale for Conducting IEE 11. As prescribed in the Work Procedure Related with Environmental Impact Assessment for Rehabilitation of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2016 and First Ammendment 2016 promulgated under the Act Made to Provide for Reconstruction of the
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Earthquake Affected Structures (Act relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures), 2072 (2015), Schedule 1 (2) (Projects Requiring IEE) under Rule 3, rehabilitation and reconstruction of district, urban and rural roads need to undergo IEE study and the report requires approval from the NRA. This IEE has been conducted following the ToR for IEE approved by MoFALD prior to enactment of aforementioned laws according to Environment Protection Act 1997 and Environment Protection Rules 1997. Preparation of IEE report by concerned DCC and approval of the IEE report by the NRA according to Nepali legal provision is considered sufficient and Nepali legal provisions in essence satisfy ADB's requirements. EEAP sub-projects fall under category "B" (categorization is as "A", "B" and ''C'' based on the significance of sub-projects impact and risks on the environment and environmental safeguard considerations) where IEE is mandatory for all sub projects according to Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009 of ADB. The road section does not fall within the boundary of protected area of any category.
1.7. Limitations of the IEE Study 12. The study has following limitations:
Site specific environmental management plan is not prepared Name of private owner (tree loss) could not be listed, and RP will be referred for this purpose Since the IEE was carried before the restructuring of local level, the IEE report is in line with old structure’s roles and responsibilities.
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2. DESCRIPTION ON RECONSTRUCTION & REHABILITATION WORKS 2.1. Project Location
13. The proposed Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road (DTMP No- 21DR025) passes through wards 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 of Likhu Rural Municipality (former Tilpung, Nagdaha, Bijulikot and Saipu VDCs) of Ramechhap District of Central Development Region of Nepal. Then DDC has proposed to rehabilitate and reconstruct the 38.899 km (CH 0+000 to 38+899) road from Haldebesi to Dhandebesi (CH 0+000 to 38+899) to gravel standard. The road section starts from Haldebesi of Likhu Rural Municipilatiy-7 (former Tilpung VDC-2) along Nayapul – Manthali Road (27o25’55” N Latitude and 86o05’36”E Longitude) and ends at Dhandebesi of Likhu Rural Municipality-2 (then Saipu VDC-4, 27o26’23” N Latitude and 86o15’17”E Longitude) of Ramechhap District passing through 14 settlements along the alignment. The major settlement areas are Haldebesi, Jhangre, Katahare, Kharibote, Aarubote, Nagdaha, Dhobi, Kotgau, Poku, Sirise Setapahara and Dhade. The road connects eastern part of Ramechhap district with the district headquarter in Manthali and rest of the country through all-weather connectivity. The road is directly connected to Nayapul – Manthali Road.
14. The road alignment is depicted in DTMP Map, Topographical Map and Ecologicl Map in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3 respectively.
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21DR025
Figure 1: Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road in DTMP Map of Ramechhap District
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Figure 2: Road Alignment in Topographical Map
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Figure 3: Road Alignment in Ecological Map
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2.2. Salient Features of the Project 15. The features of the proposed project are summarized in the table below (Table 2).
Table 2: Salient Features of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Features Description Name of the Road Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Type of Work Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Project starting date April, 2016 Project ending date June, 2019 Road Classification DCRN; 21DR025 Location District: Ramechhap Rural Municipality Likhu Rural Municipality 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 Haldebesi, Jhangre, Katahare, Kharibote, Aarubote, Major Settlements Nagdaha, Dhobi, Kotgau, Poku, Sirise Setapahara, Dhade Length 38.899 km Haldebesi of Likhu Rural Municipality-7 (then Tilpung Starting Point VDC-2) (0+000) Dhandebesi of Likhu Rural Municipality-2 (then End Point: Saipu VDC-4); Steel Truss Bridge bordering Ramechhap and Okhaldhunga districts (38+899) Geographical feature Terrain Mid-Hills Altitudinal Range 531 m to 1831 m Climate: Tropical to Sub-tropical Lesser Himalayan Rocks (Phyllite and Gneiss), Geology: Colluvium, Alluvium and Residual Soil Unevenly Distributed Precipitation Controlled by Meteorology: Monsoon Design Standard Standard NRRS 2055, 2nd Revision December 2014 Existing Surface: Earthen, Stone pitched Proposed Pavement: Gravel, Cobble for grade >8% Right Of Way: 10 m on either sides (Center line) Formation Width: 6.25 m (includes 1m drainage & 0.75 m Shoulder) Carriage Way Width: 3.75 m Shoulder Width: 0.75 m on either side Maximum Gradient 12% Minimum Gradient 0.5% Lane Single Structures (Qty/No.) Drainage Structures Throughout the alignment at hill side, Cascade drain a) Side Drain for grade greater than 7% b) Causeway 11
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Features Description c) Slab Culvert 1 d) Pipe Culvert 67 e) Irrigation Crossing 34 Retaining Structures a) Stone Masonry Wall 11,322.13 cu.m. b) Gabion Retaining and 7,506.50 cu.m. Breast Walls c) Stone Masonry Revetment 722.20 cu.m. Wall Earth Work a) Excavation/Cutting 178,866.87 cu.m. b) Embankment/Filling 20,341.14 cu.m. cu.m. Pavement Volume a) Gravel 17,492.34 cu.m b) Cobble 16,222.43 cu.m. Project Cost (NRs) a) Civil Works (Base cost) 224,942,913.83 b) 13% VAT (of a) 29,242,578.80 c) Sub-Total (a+b) 254,185,492.62 d) Work Charge Staff and Small 6,534,499.41 Miscellaneous Expenses @ 3% (of c) e) Physical contingency @ 10% 6,748,287.41 (of c) f) Grand Total (c+d+e) 22,494,291.38 Total Household 1273 Population 6204 Monitoring Cost (Nrs.) 200,000.00 Mitigation cost (Excluding 12,62,518.75 Monitoring) EMP Cost included in Civil Cost 12,058,379.43 Total Project Cost including 287,975,755.71 Environmental and Social Cost Source: DPR Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Sub-project
2.3. Components and Activities of the Sub-Project 16. Total length of the road is 38.899 km with 6.25 m formation width. Project components are: construction of structures like roadway, toe wall, retaining wall, breast wall, side drain, pipe culvert, slab culvert, irrigation crossings, etc. Site clearance, earthwork (excavation and filling), bioengineering, spoil disposal management, paving, compensatory plantation, roadside plantation are the activities during the construction of this road sub- project.
2.4. Construction Materials Requirement 17. Suitable materials including fill materials, base material and sub-base and pavement material will be required for road construction. Besides these materials, boulders and river-
10 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap based aggregates and sand will be required for gravelling road, building retaining walls, RCC culverts, side drains and drain covers and other road features. The quantity of construction materials required for rehabilitation and reconstruction works as derived from the design report is summarized in the Table 3.
Table 3: Quantity of Construction Materials
SN Materials Unit Quantity 1 Embankment and Filling Materials Cu.m 21,637.93 2 Gravel Cu.m 68,782.53 3 Cobble Cu.m 16, 222.43 4 Stone Cu.m 19,625.43 5 Geotextile Sq.m 5,844.80 6 Cement Mt. 1,560.00 7 Steel Mt. 16.73 Source: DPR Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Sub-project, 2016
2.5. Source of Construction Materials and Quarry Sites 18. Construction materials like cement and geotextiles will be bought from the nearest market within the country. The major construction materials that include suitable materials (fill, base and sub-base materials, gravel, cobble, stone etc.) have to be sourced from local sources or quarries. The sources of these materials have been presented in the Table 4.
Table 4: Possible Quarry Sites
Material Site Distance Gravel Tamakoshi River, Haldebeshi Within 1 km from starting point Likhu Khola At Ch: 35+000 (Sirise) Sand Tamakoshi River, Haldebeshi Ch: 0+000 Likhu Khola Ch: 35+000 Boulder Tamakoshi River, Haldebeshi Ch: 0+000 Likhu Khola Ch: 35+000 At site of roadway cutting Aggregate Tamakoshi River, Haldebeshi Ch: 0+000 Likhu Khola Ch: 35+000 Roadway Cutting Source: Field Survey, 2016
2.6. Land Requirement 19. It is an existing road with average width of 5.25 m. To upgrade it to the prescribed standard, 3.89 ha of additional land will be permanently required for the sub-project. Private agricultural land constitute major portion of this land. The permanent land requirement of the sub-project is described in the Table 5.
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Table 5: Permanent Land Requirement by Land Use Type
SN Land use Area (ha) 1 Agriculture (Including settlement) 2.98 2 Forest Land 0.45 3 Open/Barren Land 0.46 Total 3.89 Source: Field Survey, 2016
20. Additionally, land will be required for sitting ancillary facilities like construction camp, storage yard and spoil disposal. These are located in private land or open/barren land. Private land necessary for sitting temporary structures will be hired from interested owner at prevailing market rate. After completion of the work, the camps and facilities will be dismantled and rehabilitated and returned to the owner. Permanent land will be acquired from the respective owner following due compensation and deed transfer in the name of proponent.
2.7. Human Resource Requirement 21. People will be required for excavation, spreading, concrete works, gabion weaving, transportation, supervision and management during construction of this project. The work force requirement for the reconstruction works has been describe in Table 6.
Table 6: Manpower Requirement SN Type of Workforce Input Unit 1 Unskilled 368,962 Person/days 2 Skilled 22,574 Person/days 3 Operator 44 Person/days Total 391,580 Person/days Source: DPR Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Sub-project, 2016
2.8. Campsite 22. As stated in the preceeding section, the project will require large number of workforce that cannot be provided by the project area alone. Workers have be be procured from outside to complete the work in stiputated time. Hence, camp facilities will be required to house the outside worker. Appropriate camp sites have been identified at Ch 4+100, Ch 13+500, Ch 19+900, 26+300 and Ch 36+900. These ares have availability of water for drinking and sanitary use. Toilets will be arranged with respect to the number of workers stationed in the camp.
2.9. Spoil Disposal Area 23. As per the design report of the sub-project, about 257,382.93 cu.m of spoil is expected to be generated from cutting and excavation of road and drains and some of the spoil, 17,091.15 cu.m, will be used in filling road. Surplus volume needs to be managed properly. Appropriate spoil disposal sites have been presented in the Table 7.
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Table 7: Recommended Spoil Disposal Sites Chainages Recommended Spoil Disposal Sites 2+430 Kholsi, Spoil disposal in valley side of the road 11+150 Kholsi 28+050 Simle Khola site 31+040 At valley side spoil disposal Source: DPR Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Sub-project, 2016
2.10. Project Implementation Schedule 24. Table 8 shows the implementation schedule of Devitar-Phulasipokhari Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-Project.
Table 8: Sub-Project Implementation Schedule
SN Activity 2016 2017 2018 2019 I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV 1 Detailed survey, design and estimate 2 Preparation of resettlement plan 3 Environmental Assessment and Implementation 3.1 IEE report preparation and approval from NRA and ADB 3.2 Implementation of EMP 3.3 Environmental Monitoring 4 Work Implementation 4.1 Civil construction work Note: I = (January, February, March) II = (April, May, June) III = (July, August, September) IV = (October, November, December)
2.11. Construction Approach 25. Implementation of road sub-project works will be carried out by employing a Construction Contractor through National Competitive Bidding. However, the contract package will include the following features:
Use of equipments and manpower to execute the contract within the stipulated deadline. Balancing cut and fills and reuse of excavated materials as construction materials, and thus not generating excess spoils as far as possible. Use of bio-engineering techniques with integrated use of vegetation, small civil engineering structures and proper water management systems to ward of erosion.
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2.12. Cost 26. Length of this road is 38.899 km and formation width is 6.25 m. Total project cost of the road is estimated NRs. 287,975,755.71 and civil work cost is NRs. 283, 428,071.42 (Refer Appendix 9).
2.13. Impact Zone 27. The project will have direct impact on Wards 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 of Likhu Rural Municipality (former Tilpung, Nagdaha, Bijulikot and Saipu VDCs) and indirect impact on Areas within the geographical boundary of Likhu Rural Municipality excluding wards 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7. Please refer Table 10 for detail.
2.14. Environment Protection Policy 28. The project has aimed to carry out rehabilitation and reconstruction activities in build back better features for road safety and climate resilience. The project activities are primarily guided as per National Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Policy, 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.), Act relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2072 B.S (2015 A.D.), Rule relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D). The project has been screened as per Work Procedure Related with Environmental Impact Assessment for Rehabilitation of Earthquake Affected Structures (First Amendment, 2016 A.D.). Project has carried out IEE study and prepared the report as per the work procedure of NRA and Environment Assessment and Review Framework (EARF) of ADB. For implementation of EMP as prescribed by IEE, project has provision of human resource and budget.
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3. STUDY APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 3.1. General 29. The approach, methodology and procedure followed were according to the objectives of IEE, and the legal requirements guided by Work Procedure Related with Environmental Impact Assessment for Rehabilitation of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2072 (2016) of GoN and the ToR approved by the secretary level decision of the MoFALD on 2072-12-10 (March 23, 2016). Adhering with the ToR, the study included desk study, literature review, field survey/inspections/observations with measurements, discussions with local communities, stakeholders, concerned agencies, and IEE team judgment. The copy of approved ToR is given in Appendix 1. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist and Checklist for preliminary climate risk screening were also considered during IEE report preparation as given in Appendix 2.
3.2. Study Team 30. The study was carried out by a team of qualified professionals which consisted of the followings (Table 9).
Table 9: Study Team
SN Position Name of Member Qualification 1 Team Leader (IEE Expert) Shyam Prasad Adhikari MSc in Env Sc. 2 Biologist Jaya Raj Mishra MSc in Forestry 3 Geologist Basanta Raj Adhikari PhD in Geology 4 Socio-economist Angishwor Shrestha MA Sociology 5 Civil Engineer Sabin Bajracharya BE Civil
3.3. Project Area Delineation 31. For the purpose of the IEE study, then VDC along which the sub-project passes through was taken as the project area or the zone of influence (ZoI). ZoI has been categorized into Direct Imapact Area (DIA) and Indirect Impact Area (IIA). Although the area within 10 m on either side of the road from the centerline has been considered as the RoW, DoR and DoLIDAR have been following 100 m on either side form the centerline within the DIA. However, the width of the corridor to be studied depended on the legal requirement plus the predicted extent of impacts. As the established practice, the wards of Likhu Rural Municipality along which the road passes have been considered under DIA in this report and the geographical boundary of the rual municipality excluding the DIA is considered for IIA and has been taken into account for the socio-economic information including impacts/issues assessment for the study purpose. This area has been further distinguished into core project area and surrounding area as given in Table 10.
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Table 10: Impact Area Delineation
Zone Locations Direct Impact Area Wards 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 of Likhu Rural Municipality (then Tilpung, (DIA) Nagdaha, Bijulikot and Saipu VDCs). Indirect Impact Area within the boundary of Likhu Rural Municipality excluding Area (IIA) wards 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7
3.4. Desk Study and Literature review 32. The study commenced with desk study and review of relevant literatures. The following activities were performed through desk study:
3.4.1. Review of Existing Information 33. Various existing sources of information were collected and reviewed to determine a frame of reference for the assignment. Such sources of information included existing laws, rules, guidelines and manuals, IEE reports of similar projects, Reference Manual for Environmental and Social Aspects of Integrated Road Development, Environmental Management Guidelines of DoR, APPROACH for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Roads, 1999 of DoLIDAR, etc. Detailed Engineering Survey and design of the Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation Sub-project were also reviewed to determine the nature and scope of activities of the project. Similarly, pertinent sources of secondary information were identified, collected and reviewed to build acquaintance with the environmental settings of the project area under physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural domains of the environment. These sources included publications of then DDC, then VDCs, District Forest Office (DFO), Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), NGOs, INGOs and other governmental and non-governmental bodies. Data on rainfall and other meteorological conditions were also acquired from secondary sources and authenticated with that obtained from Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM).
3.4.2. Map Reading 34. Preliminary acquaintance with the general environmental setting of the project area was built by reading maps of different types like topographical maps, geological maps and ecological maps. Similarly, geographical boundary of the Zone of Influence (ZoI) was defined and delineated on the topographical map.
3.4.3. Checklists 35. Based on the desk study, project specific checklists were prepared for focus group discussion and data collection on physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural baseline data of the project area. This is based on APPROACH manual produced by MoFALD.
3.5. Field Study 36. A multi-disciplinary team comprising of environmental expert, biologist, sociologist and geologist visited the project site from 2073-01-01 B.S. (2016-04-13 A.D.) to 2073-01-11 B.S. (2016-04-23 A.D.) and carried out thorough field investigation through survey,
16 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap inspection, observation and measurement to collect baseline information on physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural environments and identify possible issues and impacts on these three environmental domains. Various participatory methods like focus group discussion, key informant interview, consultations and interactions were employed to aid collection of relevant information. The collected baseline data were verified by citing standard references and evaluated before accessing impacts on them.
3.5.1. Initial Interaction and Consultation with Stakeholders 37. Prior to conducting the field study, interaction was carried out with the design team and the proponent. Proponent was contacted on the first working day of field visit, i.e., 2073- 01-02 B.S. (2016-04-14 A.D.). The existing information about socio-economic condition of the people in and around the proposed project site was also collected by interacting with local communities, environment related organization, concerned government and non- government agencies and other local and district level stakeholders.
3.5.2. Public Notice 38. The local people and stakeholders were involved in the study process through various activities like public consultation, meetings, interactions and discussions. These activities were employed to collect relevant information on various environmental domains and peoples’ issues and concerns on the project. Public participation is essential to ensure the quality, comprehensiveness, effectiveness of IEE as well as to ensure that the public view's are adequately taken into consideration in the decision making process.
39. According to Working Procedure relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2016, 7 days notice had to be published in national daily newspaper. However, 15 days public notice was published on 2072-12-22 B.S (2016-04-04 A.D.) in “Nepal Samacharpatra”, a national level daily newspaper (Appendix 4) seeking written opinion from then VDC, DFO, then DDC, schools, health posts and related local organizations; immediately after approval of ToR as per EPA 1997 and EPR 1997. Copies of the public notice were affixed in the notice board of the affected then DDC, DTO, then VDC, Schools, Health posts, Post Office, Public Places etc. of the then VDC and deeds of recognition (Muchulkas) were drawn to confirm the affixation of the notice in the aforementioned locations (Appendix 5). Recommendation letters were obtained from the affected municipality and attached in the IEE report (Appendix 6).
3.5.3. Public Consultations 40. The IEE team carried out a series of public consultation meetings with local communities and related stakeholders. The consultation and interactions were focused on the environmental sensitivity and concerns in the area, importance of environmental features located in the area, present status, present problems or difficulties, potential solutions, and consequences that are related in minimizing the possible impacts. A summary of meeting minutes with local people is given in Table 11 and the meeting minutes are in Appendix 7.
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Table 11: Summary of the Meeting Minutes during Public Consultations Date Venue and Participant Issues and suggestion of meetings Location Male Female 2073-01-06 Likhu RM-2 12 3 Provision of bridges and culverts as B.S. (2016- (former Saipu necessary over the seasonal streams 04-18 A.D.) VDC-8) Compensation of private land and properties Making construction works environment friendly Priority to blacktopping than increasing the width 2073-01-06 Likhu RM-3 17 0 Management of proper drainage structures B.S. (2016- (former Bijulikot Employment priority to local people in 04-18 A.D.) VDC-1) construction related jobs Due consideration to landslides and erosion during construction. Consideration should be given to making the construction environment frindly 2073-01-07 Likhu RM-5 16 2 Timely implementation of the sub-project B.S. (2016- (former Nagdaha and adoption of appropriate mitigation 04-19 A.D.) VDC-8) measures for all the impacts on the environment 2073-01-07 Likhu RM-7 11 2 Due consideration to landslides and erosion B.S. (2016- (former Tilpung during construction. 04-19 A.D.) VDC-5) Consideration should be given to making the construction environment friendly Management of proper drainage structures Compensation of private land and properties 2073-01-08 DCC Ramechhap 21 2 Proper mitigation measures should be B.S. (2016- (then DDC), adopted to mitigate the adverse 04-20 A.D.) Manthali environmental impact due to sub-project implementation. (Source: Field survey, 2016)
3.5.4. Physical Environment 41. Walkthrough survey and field observation were carried out to collect site-specific information about physical environment of the project area.
42. Geological investigation was made to explore the general geology, geomorphology, geological features like discontinuities and possible geologic hazard within the road corridor.
3.5.5. Biological Environment 43. Information on existing flora was documented by reconnaissance survey of the project site and its vicinity and listing of the plants encountered. Most of the plants were identified in the field with the help of standard reference (Polunin and Stainton 1984). Botanical nomenclature followed Press et al. (2000). Total enumeration was conducted for
18 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap trees that need to be felled. Plants with diameter at breast height greater than 10 cm were considered as trees.
44. Forest management regimes were identified by discussion with the local people and consulting the publication of District Forest Office.
45. Information on mammalian species was and their movement was obtained from discussions with the Herders, Rangers, Security personnel, FUGs etc. Identification of mammalian species followed Baral et.al. (2008) and Shrestha T.K. (1997).
46. An inventory of avifauna and herpetofauna was performed by direct observation method using standard checklists and keys. Birds were observed with the help of binocular and identified using standard key developed by Fleming (1976) and Inskipp (1985).
47. Ethno-biological survey comprised collection of representative species during vegetation survey with analysis and recording of local information on their utilities by administering interview/discussion session with relevant local informants, thereby showing them the species in question and illustrated manuals (Martin, 1995; Shrestha, 1985).
48. Documented plants and animals were tallied with relevant references (IUCN Red Data Book, CITES Appendices, Government of Nepal’s list of protected plant and animal) and assigned respective threat and protection statuses.
3.5.6. Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment 49. Socio-economic study was based on primary information collected from the field through methods like focus group discussion (FGD), key informant interview (KII), observation and household survey using socio-economic survey tools like checklists and questionnaire. The study also used information available in the general documents on district and then VDC and National Population Census, 2011 to compare with the primary findings.
FGD: Twelve (12) FDGs were conducted at the five major settlements along the road alignment (Haldebesi, Jhangre, Katahare, Kharibote, Aarubote, Nagdaha, Dhobi, Kotgau, Poku, Sirise Setapahara and Dhade.). On an average, 5 people were present in the discussion whereby discussion was held on socio-economic condition of the area and availability of resources and service facilities.
KII: KIIs were conducted with then VDC secretary and the representatives of CFUGs. The interviews were focused on availability of natural resources and public service facilities.
Household Survey: Household survey was carried out in the study area to assess the socio-economic condition and loss to be incurred by the project affected families as well as to gather general socio-economic and cultural condition of the study area. The survey covered 300 households of wards 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 of Likhu Rural Municipality (former Tilpung, Nagdaha, Bijulikot and Saipu VDCs/not in order). Out of 40 of the project affected families, 39 families were represented in the household survey and one family was absent in the project area, meaning they are living outside the project area.
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50. Regarding the analysis technique, mainly descriptive analysis technique was used. Nonetheless, simple quantitative analysis techniques (eg percentage and average) were used for some environmental components.
3.6. Impact Identification, Prediction and Evaluation 51. Based on the project details and field investigation, potential issues related to physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment due to the implementation of the project were identified, predicted and evaluated. Issues and concerns were also solicited from concerned agencies and local stakeholders through public notification and public consultation meetings. While identifying and predicting the impacts, due consideration was given to the proposed actions/activities during project construction and post construction (Operation and Management) phase on the existing physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural resources. Both beneficial and potential adverse impacts have been analyzed.
52. The Environmental impacts were evaluated on the basis of guidelines given in the National EIA guidelines 1993, based on the Magnitude, Extent & Duration of the impact and the respective numerical ranking. The criteria for the rating of the impacts in terms of their magnitude, extent, and duration are elaborated below:
Magnitude: This can be low-Lo (minor), medium-M (moderate), and high-H (major), depending on the scale or severity of change.
Geographical extent: If the action is confined to the project area, it is referred as site- specific (Ss), if it occurs outside area but close to project area, the extent of impact is local (L), if it occurs far away from the project, it is referred as regional (R).
Duration: It can be short term (ST - i.e. less than 3 years), medium term (MT - i.e. 3-20 years), and long term (LT - i.e. more than 20 years).
Table 12: Numerical scales as proposed in the National EIA Guidelines
Magnitude Score Extent Score Duration Score High/Major 60 Regional 60 Long Term 20 Moderate/Medium 20 Local 20 Medium Term 10 Minor/Low 10 Site-specific 10 Short-Term 05 (Source: National EIA Guidelines, 1993)
53. The cumulative scores on this analysis have been used to decide the significance of the impacts. Following Table 13 depicts the cumulative score of level of significance:
Table 13: Cumulative scores of level of significance
Total scores Significance of Impacts Up to 44 Insignificant 45-74 Significant Beyond 74 Very significant
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3.7. Group Judgement 54. The IEE team worked as a group. Multi-sectoral analysis was done through discussion in the group to identify inter linkages among various environmental issues. The IEE team used group judgment as the basic tool to establish the significance of environmental impact, identification and design of potential mitigation and enhancement measures, and preparing EMP of the project.
3.8. Designation of Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Plans 55. Based on the identified impacts, their nature, extent and magnitude, the mitigation and monitoring prescriptions were designed. A realistic approach was applied for the application of the mitigation measures in the local context. Environmental monitoring plan was developed to assess the effectiveness of the mitigation measures and implementation status.
3.9. Report Preparation 56. Based on the processed information, a draft IEE report has been prepared with detailed site specific baseline information and alternative analysis. All identified and predicted likely environmental impacts have been included in the draft report, which also contain environmental management plan (EMP). EMP has focused on realistic mitigation measures, environmental monitoring including implementation responsibilities, staffing, and budget and co-ordination aspects. The report has followed Schedule-4 under Subsection 1 of Section 12 of the Work Procedure Related with Environmental Impact Assessment for Rehabilitation of Earthquake Affected Structures (Fundamental Procedure), 2072 (2016). Final report will incorporate the comments of the review committee from NRA.
3.10. Information Disclosure 57. IEE report containing the executive summary in Nepali language, identified impacts, recommended mitigation measures and the EMP will be sent to the Likhu Rural Municipality. Approved IEE report will be made accessible to interested parties and general public through DTO. Moreover, NRA, MoPE and CLPIU-EEAP will get the copy of final approved IEE report. The e-copy will be available in ADB website also.
.
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4. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION 58. This section deals in brief with the existing environmental setting of the project area with regard to physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment and interpretation of the baseline information with view of impact assessment and environmental management.
4.1. Physical Environment 4.1.1. Topography 59. The project area lies in the Mid-hills (Lesser Himalayan) physiographic zone of Central Nepal. The area has a rugged topography consisting steep hills and river valleys (Figure 4). The elevation of the road ranges from 532 m to 1828 m asl.
Figure 4: Road Alignment in Google Earth Map
4.1.2. Geology and Soil Type 60. Geologically, the study area comprises rocks of Lesser Himalayan Sequence of Central Nepal mainly phyllite, amphibolites, shists and metasandstone (Figure 5). There are no major thrusts along the road alignment. The dominant rock types along the road alignment are also phyllite, amphibolites, shists and metasandstone. The entire area is composed of residual and colluvial soil. Rock outcrops are found at some locations. Distribution and thickness of these soil types depend on the topography.
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Project Area
Source: Dhital, 2015 Figure 5: Location of Sub-project in Geological Map
61. The detail topography, geology and overlying soil type along the road alignment is presented in the Table 14.
Table 14: Geology and Soil Type along Road Alignment
Section Chainage Elevation Aspect Geology Soil Type (m asl) Haldebesi- 0+000- 531-1604 West- Phyllite, Schist, Colluvial, Residual Nagdaha 13+900 East Gneiss, Nagdaha- 13+900- 1604- West- Phyllite Collivual, Residual Dhobi 19+930 1831 East Dhobi-Sirise 19+930- 1831-780 West- Phyllite, Gneiss, Colluvial, Residual 34+400 Northeast Shists and Quartzite Sirise- 34+400- 780-682 South- Quartzite Residual, Colluvial, Dhandebesi 38+899 North Alluvial Source: Field Survey, 2016
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4.1.3. Slope Stability and Erosion 62. The road alignment passes along a hilly terrain of the mid-hills. The stability of slopes along the road corridor depends upon slope angle, the material constituting the slope, rock discontinuities and hydrological conditions. There are few small scale slides or erosion prone areas along the road alignment especially in Likhu Rural Municipality wards 2 and 7 (then Tilpung and Saipu VDCs). The main causes for occurring slides are surface runoff and toe cutting. The detail inventory of the landslide with location has been provided in Table 15.
Table 15: Landslides and Erosion Prone Areas along Road Alignment SN Chainages Locations or Length Cause of Protection From To (Left/Right) of Failure Structure Failure 1 4+360 4+380 Tilpung, Likhu Rural 20 m Toe cutting absent Municipality-7 2 6+600 6+660 Darimbot, Likhu 60 m Toe cutting absent Rural Municipality-7 3 36+980 37+160 Sirise, Likhu Rural 180 m Toe cutting absent Municipality-2 4 37+840 37+940 Dhadebesi, Likhu 100 m Toe cutting absent Rural Municipality-2 5 38+340 38+480 Dhadebesi, Likhu 140 m Toe cutting absent Rural Municipality-2 Source: Field Survey, 2016
4.1.4. Seismicity of the Project area 63. As we know, the evolution of the great Himalayan arc is the result of collision between the Indian and the Eurasian tectonic plates and as the Himalaya lies in the plate boundary, the region is considered as one of the active seismic zone of the World. Being a part of the Himalaya, Nepal is considered to be an active seismic zone. The existence of tectonic features such as MCT, MBT, HFT and other active regional faults further accelerates the rate of seismic risk. However, the project area is fairly far from such features. In order to determine seismic coefficient, a seismic design code for Nepal has been prepared. Bajrachrya (1994) divided the whole country into five seismic risk zones (Figure 6). According to the map of Bajracharya (1994), the road sub-project lies in the medium seismic risk zone of Nepal (Figure 6). However, Ramechhap District was one of the severely affected districts due to the major Earthquake of 25 April 2015 and the major aftershock of 12 May 2015.
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Source: Bajracharya, 1994 Figure 6: Seismic risk map of Nepal 4.1.5. Climate 64. Climate of the sub-project area is controlled by variation in altitude and aspect. Considering the elevation, the area has tropical to warm temperate climatic conditions. As mentioned in the District Profile based on the DHM data of Ramechhap recorded in the nearest meteorological station located in Manthali Municipality, annual rainfall is 1700 mm. The temperature reaches as high as 300C in the summer and falls as low as 50C in the winter.
4.1.6. Drainage and Hydrology 65. The road alignment passes through more than 12 small streams. All of them are seasonal streams. There are no perennial streams along the road. Some of these streams drain into the Tamakoshi River towards west through Tilpung Khola and some drain into the Likhu Khola. The inventory of major streams has been presented in Table 16.
Table 16: Major Streams along the Road Alignment SN Chainage Name of River/Stream Existing Structure New Structure Needed and Size 1 6+100 Kartike Khola Existing None 2 10+900 Hile Khola Existing None 3 13+840 Chandi Khola Existing None 4 15+100 Airan Khola Existing None 5 17+000 Pahiro Khola Existing None 6 19+800 Swara Khola Existing None 7 29+340 Dhunge Khola None Causeway (15 m) 8 29+620 Poku Khola None Causeway (15 m) 9 33+100 Seti Khola Causeway None
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SN Chainage Name of River/Stream Existing Structure New Structure Needed and Size 10 34+755 Taruke Khola None Causeway (12 m) 11 35+972 Belauri Kholsi None Slab Culvert (6 m) 12 37+491 Pahare Kholsi None Causeway (6 m) Source: Field Survey, 2016
4.1.7. Land Use 66. The road alignment passes through various settlements, forest and agricultural land. The land use of the road alignment is summarized in Table 17.
Table 17: Landuse along the Road Alignment
Type of Land Chainage Length Existing Additional Existing Additional Total (m) Width Width (m) area (ha) Area (ha) Area From To (m) (ha) Agriculture land 0+000 38+899 29,794 5.25 1 15.64 2.98 18.62 (Including settlement) Forest 0+080 37+445 4,510 5.25 1 2.37 0.45 2.82 Barren/Shrubland 1+780 38+899 4,595 5.25 1 2.41 0.46 2.87 Total 38,899 20.42 3.89 24.31 Source: Field Survey, 2016
4.1.8. Air Quality, Water Quality and Noise Levels 67. There are no permanent environmental monitoring stations in the project area. Site specific expert assessment indicated that the air quality in the project area was extremely good during the evaluation period. However, around 100 vehicles run along the road every day. These cause instantaneous dust pollution during the vehicle movement owing to the condition of road. During the vehicular movement in the semi-earthen road, fugitive emissions and dust could be high at the local level. There are no other sources of air and noise pollution like major or minor industry. As the road alignment does not cross or pass by major perennial stream, the issue of water pollution is irrelevant for this sub-project. And any point source of water pollution is not visible along the river alignment in the project area.
4.2. Biological Environment 68. The sub-project alignment passes through cultivation and settlement area. Few shorter segments (totaling 4.51 km at different chainages) pass along the eight Community Forest. The road section does not fall under any protected area or buffer zone area.
4.2.1. Vegetation and Forest Type 69. The road alignment passes through three distinct bioclimatic zones have: Tropical, Sub-Tropical and Lower Temperate and these bioclimatic zones are reflected in the forest types found along the road alignment. The project area in the beginning section of the road has Tropical Sal Forest. The major section of the road has Sub-tropical Broadleaved Forest interrupted by Sub-tropucal Pine Forest and Alder Forest at places. The ending section of the road along side of the Likhu River has Tropical Riverine Forest.
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70. The beginning section has trees like Sal (Shorea robusta), Asna (Terminalia alata), Bot dhayero (Lagerstroemia parviflora), Jamun (Syzygium cumini) and Khote Sallo (Pinus roxburghii). Road section at higher elevation has dominancy of trees like Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Khote Salla (Pinus roxburghii), Katush (Castanopsis indica) and Mauwa (Engelhardtia spicata) and Uttis (Alnus nepalensis). Vegetation of Tropical Riverine Forest like Khayar (Acacia catechu), Simal (Bombax ceiba), Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo) and Haldu (Adina cordifolia) are found along the side of the Likhu Khola. At the higher elevations, the Sup-tropical Forest is penetrated by Lower Temperate species like Bajh (Quercus lanata) and Guras (Rhododendron arboreum).
Table 18: Chainage wise Dominancy of Tree Species Chainages Dominant Tree Species From To 0+000 3+500 Sal (Shorea robusta) 3+500 10+000 Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Khote salla (Pinus roxburghii) 10+000 15+000 Uttis (Alnus nepalensis), Chilaune (Schima wallichii) 15+000 25+000 Uttis (Alnus nepalensis), Chilaune (Schima wallichii) 25+000 34+000 Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Uttis (Alnus nepalensis) 34+000 38+899 Karam (Adina cordifolia), Khair (Acacia catechu), Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo) Source: Field Survey, 2016
71. Besides these dominant species, other trees reported in the surrounding area are Lampate (Duabanga grandifolia), Bel (Aegale marmelos), Gineri (Premna integrifolia), Gayo (Bredelia retusa), Phaledo (Erythrina sps.), Khirro (Sapium insigne), Tooni (Cedrela toona), Kutmiro (Litsea monopetala), Chuletro (Brassaiopsis hainla), Dudhilo (Ficus nerifolia), Khanyo (Ficus semicordata), Taki (Bauhinia purpurea), Lakuri (Fraxinus floribunda), Gogan (Sauraria nepaulensis), Bhalayo (Ricinus communis), Kaulo (Persea odoratissima), Jhigane (Eurya acuminata), Nemaro (Ficus auriculata), Paheli (Litsea salicifolia), Maledo (Macaranga denticulata), Kafal (Myrica esculenta) etc.
72. Shrub species include Dhairo (Woodwordia fruticosa), Aasuro (Adhatoda vasica), Bilaune (Maesa chisia), Jhadi banmara (Lantana camara), Jhingani (Eurya acuminata), Bansuli (Dichroa febrifuga), Aiselu (Rubus ellipticus, Rubus paniculatus), Chutro (Berberis aristata) etc. Ground vegetations include Dhursul (Colebrookia oppositifolia), Rudhilo (Pogostemon benghalensis), Banmara (Eupatorium adenophorum), Bukiphool (Osbeckia sps.), Datiwan (Achyranthus sikkimensis), Gandhe (Ageratum conyzoides), Titepati (Artemisia sps.), Sisno (Utricia diocia), Amriso (Thysanolena maxima).
4.2.2. Forest Management Regimes 73. Two types of forest are existent in the project area based on management practices: Community Managed Forest and Private Forest.
Community Forest: According to DFO Ramechhap, the forests in the Ramechhap District have been handed over to 339 forest user groups while some patches are managed by the government itself. Altogether 4.510 km of the proposed road section passes along eight community forests as described in the Table 19:
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Table 19: Community Forest along the Road Alignment
Chainage Name of Major Species Existing Additional Total Total Area Beneficiary Mammals Birds Recorded CF, Area (ha) Area (ha) Area of CF (ha) HH Found From To Address (ha) 0+080 0+780 Khumbari Sal (Shorea 0.614 0.117 0.731 15.12 68 Rato badar Kalij (Lophura CF, robusta), Asna (Macaca leucomelanos), 2+590 3+060 Tiplung-2 (Terminalia mulatta), Lampuchhre alata), Bot Mriga(Muntiacus (Urocissa dhayero muntjak), Langur erythrorhyncha) , (Lagerstroemia (Semnopithecus Ranichari parviflora), entellus), Dumsi (Pericrocotus sps), (Hystrix indica) Jureli (Hypsiperes sps) 1+520 1+845 Ramche Chilaune 0.171 0.033 0.203 25 53 Rato badar Kalij (Lophura CF, (Schima (Macaca leucomelanos), Tiplung-3 wallichii), Salla mulatta), Lampuchhre (Pinus Mriga(Muntiacus (Urocissa roxburghii), muntjak), Langur erythrorhyncha) , (Semnopithecus Ranichari entellus), Dumsi (Pericrocotus sps), (Hystrix indica) Jureli (Hypsiperes sps) 16+800 17+000 Kharang Chilaune 0.105 0.020 0.125 17.59 31 Rato badar Kalij (Lophura Khurung (Schima (Macaca leucomelanos), CF, wallichii), Salla mulatta), Lampuchhre Nagdaha 8 (Pinus Mriga(Muntiacus (Urocissa roxburghii), Uttis muntjak), Langur erythrorhyncha) , (Alnus (Semnopithecus Ranichari nepalensis) entellus), Dumsi (Pericrocotus sps), (Hystrix indica) Jureli (Hypsiperes sps)
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Chainage Name of Major Species Existing Additional Total Total Area Beneficiary Mammals Birds Recorded CF, Area (ha) Area (ha) Area of CF (ha) HH Found From To Address (ha) 24+100 24+250 Jhatteswari Chilaune 0.079 0.015 0.094 45.0 60 Rato badar Kalij (Lophura CF, (Schima (Macaca leucomelanos), Bijulikot 1,2 wallichii), Uttis mulatta), Lampuchhre (Alnus Mriga(Muntiacus (Urocissa nepalensis) muntjak), Langur erythrorhyncha) , (Semnopithecus Ranichari entellus), Dumsi (Pericrocotus sps), (Hystrix indica) Jureli (Hypsiperes sps) 26+000 26+200 Bhringesw Chilaune 0.105 0.020 0.125 35.74 126 Rato badar Kalij (Lophura ar CF, (Schima (Macaca leucomelanos), Bijulikot wallichii), Salla mulatta), Lampuchhre 7,8,9 (Pinus Mriga(Muntiacus (Urocissa roxburghii), Uttis muntjak), Langur erythrorhyncha) , (Alnus (Semnopithecus Ranichari nepalensis) entellus), Dumsi (Pericrocotus sps), (Hystrix indica) Jureli (Hypsiperes sps) 30+010 31+100 Poku Chilaune 0.572 0.109 0.681 20.0 152 Malsapro Kalij (Lophura Salgharni (Schima (Martef flabiguli), leucomelanos), CF (Saipu wallichii), Uttis Rato badar Lampuchhre CF) (Alnus (Macaca (Urocissa nepalensis) mulatta), erythrorhyncha) , Mriga(Muntiacus Ranichari muntjak), Langur (Pericrocotus sps), (Semnopithecus Jureli (Hypsiperes entellus) sps)
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Chainage Name of Major Species Existing Additional Total Total Area Beneficiary Mammals Birds Recorded CF, Area (ha) Area (ha) Area of CF (ha) HH Found From To Address (ha) 36+010 37+090 Taruke Sal (Shorea 0.567 0.108 0.675 85.5 181 Malsapro Kalij (Lophura Salleni CF, robusta), Salla (Martef flabiguli), leucomelanos), Saipu 2-7 (Pinus Rato badar Lampuchhre roxburghii), (Macaca (Urocissa mulatta), erythrorhyncha) , Mriga(Muntiacus Ranichari muntjak), (Pericrocotus sps), Jureli (Hypsiperes sps), Dhukur (Sterptopelia senegalensis) 37+150 37+445 Sipu Pakha Khayar (Acacia 0.155 0.030 0.184 34.1 106 Malsapro Kalij (Lophura CF, Saipu- catechu), Sissoo (Martef flabiguli), leucomelanos), 4 (Dalbergia Rato badar Ranichari sissoo) (Macaca (Pericrocotus sps), mulatta), Jureli (Hypsiperes Mriga(Muntiacus sps), Dhukur muntjak), Langur (Sterptopelia (Semnopithecus senegalensis) entellus) Total 2.368 0.451 2.819
Source: DFO, 2015/Field Survey, 2016
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74. Local people have planted trees in some patches of their private land or at the edge of the terrace of their agricultural land. They generally plant fruit and fodder trees in their private land. These are not registered as private forest in District Forest Office (DFO). Additionally, people also own forest land as Kharbari which supply them with fodder and fuelwood.
4.2.3. Domesticated Plants 75. Local people have planted other fruit trees like Junar (Citrus sinensis), Naspati (Pyrus communis), Suntala (Citrus reticulata), Nibuwa (Citrus limonum), Aaru (Prunus persica), Kagati (Citrus aurantifolia), Aamp (Magnifera indica), Katahar (Artocarpus heterophyllus), Amala (Emblica officinalis), Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris), Banana (Musa paradisia) and Gauva (Psidium guajava), etc and fodder trees like Paiyu (Prunus cerasoides), Gogan (Sauraria nepalensis), Nemaro (Ficus auriculata), Bhimal (Grewia optiva), Kimu (Morus alba), Kutmero (Litsea monopetala), Ipil Ipil (Leucaena leucocephala), Dabdabe (Garuga pinnata), etc. Besides, people grow numerous other crops, vegetables, pulses and fruits for household utilization or selling in the market and those form quite a long list.
4.2.4. Ethno-botany and NTFPs 76. The biological resources play influential role in the socio-economic condition and life style of local people. Diverse ethnic groups inhabit the project area. They use different biological resources in various ways, like food, medicine and others. People around the project location reported different utilities of the plant resources found in the area, though currently, there is no record of commercial utilization of such resources in the project area.
Table 20: Medicinal Plants and Local Use
S Scientific Name Common Name Part Used Purpose N 1 Achyranthes aspera Datiwan Stem/Root Jaundice 2 Artemesia sps Titepati Leaf Cut and Rashes 3 Centella asiatica Ghodtapre Leaf Urinary Disorder 4 Cinnamomum tamala Tejpat/Dalchini Leaf/Bark Spices 5 Cuscuta reflexa Akas Beli Shoot Jaundice 6 Gaultheria fragrantissima Dhasingare Leaf juice Muscle Pain 7 Jatropha curcas Sajiwan Stem Toothache 8 Ocimum sanctum Tulsi Leaves Cold, Cough and Fever 9 Rhododendron arboreum Gurans Flower Diarrhea 10 Schima wallichii Chaliune Bark Juice Cut and Wound 11 Smilax ovalifolia Kukur Daino Shoot Stomach Disorder 12 Syzygium cumini Jamun Fruit Diarrhea 13 Utricia diocia Sisno Leaf Vegetable 14 Zanthoxylum armatum Timur Fruit Stomachache and Cold Source: Field Survey, 2016
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4.2.5. Rare, Threatened and Protected Plants 77. Among the plant species recorded in the project area, commercial felling of Shorea robusta has been banned by government of Nepal under the Forest Act, 2049. However, no Sal trees need to be felled for project implementation.
4.2.6. Wildlife 78. A major portion of road alignment lies in agricultural land and settlement area, hence does not hold permanent habitat of wildlife. The edges of forest designated as various Community Forests with small segment of the alignment does not hold major habitat of wildlife. However, the forests continue to a large tract of forest which harbours common wildlife which sometimes find their way around the road corridor. Since the patches of forest lie close to one another, moreover, they are virtually connected to one another; the wildlife composition of the area is in general similar. There are no such unique habitat condition in the area contributing to unique wildlife composition.
Mammal: Common prey species of the area is Muntiacus muntjak (Barking Deer). Common carnivores of the project area are Canis aureus (Golden Jackal), Felis chaus (Wild Cat), Martes flavigula (Malsapro) and Panthera pardus (Common Leopard). While animals like Barking Deer and Golden Jackal are commonly seen in the project area, Common Leopard is an infrequent visitor. Other mammals encountered in the area include primates like Macaca mullata (Rhesus Macaque) and Semnopithecus entellus (Langur) and rodents like Funambulus pennanti (Northern Palm Squirrel), Hystrix indica (Porcupine), Herspestes edwardsi (Grey Mongoose) and various species of bats (Pteropsus sps) etc.
Avifauna: Lophura leucomelanos (Kaliz), Megalaima virens (Great Barbet), Magalaima asiatica (Blue-thorated Barbet), Corvus splendens (House Crow), Corvus macrorhyncos (Jungle Crow), Columba livia (Rock Pigeon), Passer domesticus (House Sparrow), Milvus migrans (Black Kite), Acridotheres tristis (Common Mayna), Streptopelia orientalis (Oriental Turtle Dove), Seicercus xanthoschistos (Grey-hooded Warbler), Phycnonotus cafer (Red- vented Bulbul), P. leucogenys (Himalayan Bulbul), Urocissa erythrorhyncha (Red-billed Blue Magpie), Halcyon smyrnensis (White-breasted Kingfisher), Copsychus saularis (Oriental Magpie Robin), Lanius schach (Long-tailed Shrike), Rhyacornis fuliginosus (Plumbeous Water Redstart), Dicrurus macrocercus (Black Drongo), Bubulcus ibis (Cattle Egret), Bubo nepalensis (Spot-bellied Eagle Owl), Glaucidium radiatum (Jungle Owlet) and Orthrotomus sp (Wabler) were recorded by direct sighting during the field visit in the area.
Herpetofauna: The common herpeto-fauna reported in the project area were Ptyas mucosus (Common Rat Snake), Amphiesma stolatum (Buff-striped Keel back), Trimeresurus albolabris (White Lipped Pit Viper), Laudakia tuberculata (Himalayan Rock Lizard), Calotes versicolor (Common Garden Lizard), Hemidactylus spp (House Gecko), Scincella sikkimensis (Sikkim skink), Bufo melanonostictus (Asian Toad), Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (Pani Bhyaguta) and Paha (Bufo spp.).
4.2.7. Rare, Threatened and Protected Wildlife 79. Among the faunal species recorded in the project location, ten (10) species including six mammals, three birds and one reptile were specified different protection statuses. Though none of the animals recorded were nationally protected by GoN under National
32 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1973, all of these species were listed in different appendices of CITES. Additionally, one species were listed as Near Threatened (NT) in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Others were of Low Risk (LR) or Least Concern (LC) or had not been assessed for their threat status.
Table 21: Rare, Threatened and Protected Animals Found in Project Area SN Scientific Name Local Name Legal Status Local Local GoN IUCN CITES Status Use 1 Macaca mullata Rato Bandar II Common Pest 2 Panthera pardus Chituwa NT I Rare Pest 3 Semnopithecus Langur LC I Common entellus 4 Canis aureus Syal LC III Common Pest 5 Felis chaus Ban Biralo LC II Rare Pest 6 Herpestes edwardsi Nyauri Musa III Common 7 Milvus migrans Kalo Chil LC II Common 8 Bubo nipalensis Mahakaushik LC II Rare 9 Glaucidium radiatum Dundul LC II Rare 10 Ptyas mucosus Dhaman II Common CITIES Appendices
Appendix I: Species threatened with extinction Appendix II: Species not yet threatened, but could become endangered if trade is not controlled Appendix III: Species identified by any party as being subject to regulation in that country and which require international co- operation to control trade
IUCN Red List (1995)
LR: Low Risk, NT: Near Threatened, LC: Least Concern, VU: Vulnerable, EN: Endangered, CR: Critically Endangered, K: Insufficiently Known
4.3. Socio Economic and Cultural Environment 4.3.1. Population, Household and Settlement District Context: 80. Ramechhap District is a hilly district in the Central Nepal and covers an area of 1546 sq.km. According to the National Population Census, 2011, this district has a total population of 202,646 with a density of 137.4 per sq.km. There are now 8 new local administrations namely; Manthali Municipality, Ramechhap Municipality, Umakunda Rural Municipality, Khandadevi Rural Municipality, Gokulganga Rural Municipality, Doramba Rural Municipality, Likhu Sunkhoshi Rural Municipality and Sunapati Rural Municipality. The population of the district is dominated by Brahmin/Chhetri followed by Tamang and Magar, hence the major language spoken in the district are Nepali and Tamang.
Rural Municipality Context: 81. Likhu Rural Municipality has been reformed by incorporating former Duragau, Sipu, Bijulikot, Nagdaha, Khimti and Tilpung VDCs. There are now 7 wards in this Rural Municipality. According to National Population Census, 2011, the total population of this Rural Municipality is 23,109. With an area of 124.51 sq.km. the population density of this 186.6 per sq.km. Detail is given in the Table 22 below
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Table 22: Population Distribution in District, Rural Municipality and Project Area
District/Rural municipality Total Total Male Female HH HH Population Size Ramechhap District 43,910 202,646 93,386 109,260 4.62 Likhu Rural Municipality 4,928 23,109 10,615 12,494 4.69 Project Wards 3,308 15,808 7,206 8,602 4.78 Source: CBS, 2011
Settlements Context: 82. The road alignment traverses wards 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 of Likhu Rural Municipality (then Tilpung, Nagdaha, Bijulikot and Saipu VDCs) of Ramechhap District via 14 settlements namely Haldebesi, Ratmate, Tilpung, Darimbot, Dhade, Chakharka, Lamagau, Dhobi, Kotgau, Dharapani, Poku, Sirise, Belauri and Dhadebesi. According to National Population Cesnsus ( 2011), 15,808 people with 7,206 male and 8,602 female live in 3,308 households in wards 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 of Likhu Rural Municiplaity. The average household size is 4.78. Field discussion in the major settlements along the road alidnment shows that there are altogether 6,204 persons with 2,881 male and 3,311 female live in 1273 households in the 14 settlements along the sub-project alignment. The average household size is 4.87. The detail demographic information is provided in the Table 23.
Table 23: Settlements and Population of the along the Road Corridor
Former Population SN Settlement HH Caste/Ethnicity VDCs Male Female Total 1 Haldebesi Tilpung 105 238 274 512 Chhetri, Newar 2 Ratmate Tilpung 94 269 289 558 Chhetri, Brahman 3 Tilpung Tilpung 103 237 263 512 Chhetri, Newar 4 Gahate/ Tilpung Chhetri, Magar 82 219 258 477 Darimbot 5 Dhade Nagdaha Tamang, Magar, 69 153 198 351 Chhetri 6 Chakharka Nagdaha Tamang, Magar, 89 185 239 424 Chhetri 7 Lamagau Nagdaha Tamang, Magar, 97 206 222 428 Chhetri 8 Dhobi Bijulikot 108 230 246 476 Chhetri, Newar 9 Kotgau Bijulikot 157 292 365 657 Chhetri, Tamang 10 Dharapani Bijulikot 103 244 263 507 Chhteri, Tamang 11 Poku Saipu 97 213 252 465 Chhetri, Magar 12 Sirise Saipu 47 121 145 266 Chhetri, Brahman 13 Belauri Saipu 32 61 78 139 Newar, Chhetri 14 Dhadebesi Saipu 90 213 219 432 Newar, Chhetri 1273 2881 3311 6204 Source: Field Discussion, 2016
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4.3.2. Caste and Ethnicity 83. The population of Project Area (Likhu Rural Municipality) is dominated by Chhetri (32%) followed by Tamang (29%) and Magar (12%). Other castes include Newar, Sunuwar, Kami, Sarki, Gharti/Bhujel, Sanyasi, Hill-Brahmin, Damai, etc. The household survey of 300 households in the sub-project area shows that 61% of the households belong to Janajati group. Similarly, Brahmin/Chhetri comprised about 36% of the households and 2 % were Dalit.
84. The area is a home to diverse ethnic or indigenous communities like Tamang, Newar, Magar, Sunuwar and Gharti/Bhujel and occupational castes like Damai/Dholi, Kami, Sarki. Occupational caste households are distributed in almost all the settlements. They have the lowest status in all sectors, i.e. they lack land resources, livestock, education, sufficient income, access to all services and facilities.
4.3.3. Language 85. Majority of the people of the project area speak Nepali language (57%) while another widely spoken language is Tamang owing to their second dominancy. Remaining people speak other languages like Magar, Newar, Sunuwar and others based on their origin. But almost all can also speak Nepali language.
4.3.4. Literacy and Education 86. Considering the population above 5 years of age, the total literacy of the project area is 62.98% with male literacy rate 72.23% and female literacy rate 55.38%. The literacy of project area is comparable with that of the whole district. Project area has people with all levels of academic achievements. Local people have realized the importance of education in their life and most of them send their children to school. However, dropout rate of female students is still higher than male students.
4.3.5. Occupation 87. Almost all of the households are involved in agriculture, horticulture and livestock along with other occupation. However, because of the size of the landholding and hardship related with the geo-topographic setting, the agricultural output is insufficient to last whole year; hence they resort to other occupations specially wage labour to fill the deficit. The household survey data of the project area shows that 95% of the male population was engaged in paid work including farming, livestock farming, business and other types of employment; 16% of female are involved in these works. 84% of female are not involved in any income generating activities. This high proportion of women in unpaid work is an indicator of their hardship in their own house, and also their low involvement in direct economic activities.
88. The main occupation of the surveyed households is agriculture and livestock with more than half of the households (56%) dependent mainly on it. People are also involved in wage labor and few in service in different organizations. Actually, the households resort on more than one occupation for living (Refer Table 24).
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Table 24: Occupations of Surveyed Households
Occupation Agriculture Wage Labor Service Business No Others Total Occupation HHs HH 168 43 37 0 15 37 300 Percentage 56.0 14.3 12.3 0.0 5.0 12.3 100 Source: HH Survey, 2016
4.3.6. Agriculture and Cropping Pattern 89. As known from field discussion with the local people, they grow cereal crops like rice, wheat, maize, millet and buckwheat along with pulses like lentils, soybeans, beans and vegetables like potato, cabbage, cauliflower, garlic and onion. Rice-Wheat-Fallow and Rice- Wheat-Maize were major cropping pattern of Khet land and Maize/finger millet-fallow and Maize/finger millet-Wheat was major cropping pattern in Bari land in the project area. People have recently started to grow seasonal vegetables and fruits like Junar and Naspati. With the upgrading of the road, transportation of these products will become easy.
4.3.7. Livestock 90. Livestock is closely associated with agricultural occupation of the population, hence is an integral part of agriculture for their livelihood. Those who have adopted agriculture as their main occupation, used to hold the livestock as well, as such 89.6 % of the households have held livestock. Majority of the HH have raised local breeds of all kinds of livestock such as cattle, buffaloes, goats, and pigs. Improved breeds of cows and buffaloes were raised by a negligible number of HH.
91. People grow cereal crops like wheat, maize, millet, rice and buckwheat along with pulses like lentils, soybeans, beans and vegetables like potato, cabbage, cauliflower, garlic and onion along with various types of fruits. With the upgrading of the road, transportation of these products will become easy. Regarding livestock, people raise cow, buffalo, pig and goat. People are also engaged in foreign employment with most of the youth working abroad.
4.3.8. Migration Pattern 92. Table 25 shows the status of migration among the surveyed households. About 48.7% respondents were found living in the own village for many years. Likewise, among the respondents, only 40.7% of the respondent had stayed outside their homes of over 6 months and only 11.0% had stayed out of the country for more than 6 months.
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Table 25: Migration Status in the ZoI
Migration Status No. of Respondents Total Percentage Male Female No been away (lived continuously) 114 32 146 48.7 Been away for above 6 months in Nepal 118 4 122 40.7 Been away for above 6 months outside Nepal 32 1 33 11.0 Total 264 36 300 100.0 Source: HH Survey Data, 2016
93. Both in-migration and out-migration were reported in the project area. According to latest census (CBS, 2011), 704 male and 181 female are absent in the project area. The reasons of absenteeism have been found to be private jobs (60%), government jobs (10%), education (15%) and others. Permanent migration takes places generally to the district headquarter in Manthali, plane areas in the Terai and the capital city, Kathmandu. Likewise, from all settlements, people migrate seasonally from Shrawan to Poush mainly in various parts of Nepal like Kathmandu, Dhulikhel, Banepa as well as various parts of India to work as wage labours and guards. Going abroad for employment is more common these days among the youths. The major destinations in order of preference are Middle-East, India and Malaysia
4.3.9. Public Health and Sanitation 94. Health care service is being delivered by four Sub-Health Posts located in each of the project VDCs (former) along the road alignment. District level government facilities are available in Ramechhap and Bamti. According to the District Health Office (2072), the major health problems of the area are pulmonary obstructions/respiratory tract infection, skin diseases, diarrhea, gastritis, ear infection, helmenthiasis, typhoid and others. The health status of people has improved because of increased awareness towards health and sanitation.
95. Ramechhap District has been enforcing prohibition on open defecation by providing technical and financial support for household to build their own toilet. As of 2011, more than 64.3% of the households had built permanent toilet in the project area (CBS, 2011). As understood from conversation with then VDC secretaries and Focus Group Discussion held in the project area, the some rural households are yet to build permanent toilet.
4.3.10. Public Service Infrastructures and Facilities Drinking Water Supply: Piped drinking water facilities are available to almost all the settlements in the ZoI. The water supply generally use spring sources located at higher elevations. The water is conveyed by pipes from the sources to the public taps through gravity flow. These taps are located in common places so that each serves a particular number of households. Some houses have managed private connection. CBS, 2011 shows that 90.12% of the families have been relying on tap/piped supply while remaining 9.88 % have been relying on well, spout or stream water.
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Education: The project area has various levels of educational institutions and all are managed by community (Government Institutions). There are altogether 26 formal educational institutions in the project area including a secondary school in each of the project VDC (former). All the schools are fairly far to be affected by the construction activities.
Communication: Communication facility has infiltrated to almost all the areas in the project area through mobile services of various types. The cable phones used in the past are losing popularity due to easily accessible mobile network. Radio, FM and Television networks have come within the access of local people. Internet service and printed media is yet to gain popularity in the area. There is one additional post office at each of the project VDCs (former).
Electricity and Lighting: Electricity supply is limited to the settlements alongside the road alignment towards the start and the end only (then Tilpung VDC and Saipu VDC). Others have managed solar panel for domestic lighting.
Fuel Wood: Fuel wood is still the common source of cooking energy with more than 98% dependent on it. While some people have managed to grow trees in the backyard but still large number of these fuelwood dependent people rely on surrounding forests managed as community forests. However with the growing access, the conventional fuel is losing popularity and people have started catering towards modern fuel like Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) for cooking purpose.
Road and Transportation: The project area is connected with the district headquarter and other parts of Nepal by road network.
Irrigation: The areas along the road alignment are mostly dependent on seasonal irrigation from rainwater for agriculture. The seasonal kholsis have been the major source of irrigation along the road alignment. The reconstruction works need to consider the irrigation canals at various places.
Health Care System: Health care service is being delivered by four Sub-Health Posts (one in each former VDC) along the road alignment. District level government facilities are available in Ramechhap and Bamti. People also go to cities, especially Dhulikhel and Kathmandu with more equipped and advanced services in case of complex health problems. People also believe in local faith healers, Dhamis and Jhakris.
Market Centers: Local markets available along the road alignment are Haldebesi, Dhobi and Dhadebesi which has shops of daily commodities, garments and restaurants. The major market centers are Manthali, Ramechhap and Charikot which are fairly far but but connected with road network.
Business and Industries: The project area lacks major industries however there are various other types of businesses selling goods and services in the local area, especially shop stalls of various types like garments, construction materials, groceries, restaurants, liquors, cosmetics, tailor etc.
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96. The area has the potentiality of vegetable farming and livestock based ventures (such as dairy production) as well as furniture and bamboo crafts.
Financial Institutions: There are eight saving and credit cooperatives in the project area. Major Banks are available in the district headquarter only.
Other Infrastructures: Community use structures like ghats (Cremation sites) are available in the ghyangs located in the project area but are far from the road alignment. Playground and community centers are found in most of the settlements along the road alignment.
Religious and Cultural Sites: Most of the settlements have a religious and cultural site depending on the dominant religion and ethnicity. There are altogether 4 Gumbas and 20 (Temples) in the project area. Among the Gumbas, Peepaldip Ghyang of former Nagdaha VDC has the local cremation site. However, these shrines are fairly far from the road alignment to be affected by the road construction activities.
Non-Governmental Organization and Activities: A number of NGOs, clubs, mother groups, cooperatives, forest user groups, credit and saving groups, etc are working in the field of emergency management, water supply, sanitation, disaster, sports, women awareness, capital mobilization, rural livelihood and income generating activities in the project area.
4.3.11. Food Sufficiency 97. According to the household survey performed in 300 households, none of the households in the ZoI are able to save part of their production and have to rely on other resorts to fill up the deficiency. Such resorts include small businesses, wage labour, services and remittance. The data on food sufficiency in the settlements along the road alignment shows that 75 % HHs have food sufficient for less than three months, 15 % HHs for 3-6 months, 7 % HHs for 6-9 months and 3% of HHs for 9-12 months (HH Survey, 2016).
Table 26: Food Sufficiency and Income level of the Affected Households
Food Sufficiency Frequency Percent <3 Months 225 75 3-6 Months 45 15 6-9 Months 21 7 9-12 Months 9 3 Total 300 100 Source: HH Survey, 2016
4.3.12. Potential Development Areas 98. Most of the settlements, especially in higher elevations along the proposed road alignment and its neighborhood have immense potential of vegetable and livestock farming. Dhobi is the major checkpoint to reach Thalari (located in former Bijulikot VDC) which could be developed as sunset view point. Likewise, there are ancient cemeteries which date back to the Kirant Regime. Other things of attraction could be ancient tunnels bored for copper
39 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap mining. Similarly, Giddhedada (located in former Saipu VDC) can be developed as a view point. This is the best location to view Pokali Waterfall of Okhaldhunga District. As such, the project area has immense potential for tourism development. Nonetheless, people from all the settlements will be directly benefited through development in agriculture, education, health and food security sector.
4.3.13. Project Affected Families 99. Altogether 24 households will lose all or part of their private structures including cottage and houses due to widening of the road to achive prescribed standard. Similarly, 19 households will lose part of their land for this. The name and detail of these people have been presented in the Tables 27, 28 and Appendix 10.
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Table 27: Status of People Losing their Struturues in Road Sub-project S.N Name Structure Occupation Chainage Land Food Income Ethnicity Remarks no. Holding Sufficiency in Average 1 Govinda House Agriculture/retail 21+900 Self 6 month Agriculture Janajati Shrestha shop 2 Maila House Retail shop 21+900 Self 3 Month Agriculture Dalit Mahatra / wages 3 Sher House/ Agriculture 22+400 Self 6 Month Agriculture / Janajati Bdr.Tamang cottage wages 4 Dolkumari Cottage Agriculture 22+500 Self 6 Month Agriculture / Janajati Shrestha wages 5 Dhal Bdr. Balkuni of Agriculture 23+000 Self 6 Month Agriculture / Janajati Shrestha house / wages Cottage 6 Chun Naryan House Agriculture 25+000 Self 6 Month Agriculture / Janajati Shrestha wages 7 Indra Naryan House Agriculture 25+000 Self 6 Month Agriculture / Janajati Shrestha wages 8 Tilak Cottage/ Agriculture/ Shop 25+200 Self 6 Month Agriculture / Brahmin/Chhetri Limilsina Shop wages 9 Kewal Cottage Agriculture 25+600 Self 6 Month Agriculture / Bramin/Chhetri Timilsina wages 10 Chakra Bdr. Cottage Agriculture /Shop 26+300 6 Month Agriculture / Janajati Public Tamang wages land 11 Dhudhi House Agriculture 26+300 6 Month Agriculture / Janajati Public Tamang wages land 12 Suntali Suntali Agriculture 26+300 Self 6 Month Agriculture / Janajati Tamang Tamang wages
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S.N Name Structure Occupation Chainage Land Food Income Ethnicity Remarks no. Holding Sufficiency in Average 13 Yam Bdr. Cottage Agriculture 26+400 Self 6 Month Agriculture / Janajati Tamang wages 14 Tilak Bdr. House Agriculture 27+300 Self 6 Month Agriculture / Janajati Tamang wages 15 Gumba Balkuni Agriculture 28+100 Self 6 Month Agriculture / Janajati Tamang wages 16 Jit Bdr. House Agriculture 28+200 Self 6 Month Agriculture / Janajati Tamang /Cottage wages 17 Gole Tamang Cottage Agriculture 28+400 Self 6 Month Agriculture / Janajati wages 18 Voj Bdr. Cottage Agriculture/ 29+200 Self 6 Month Agriculture / Janajati Mahara Waving cutting wages 19 Gope Small Agriculture 29+300 Self 6 Month Agriculture / Janajati Tamang Cottage wages 20 Jit Bdr. Balkuni+ Agriculture 32+800 Self 6 Month Agriculture / Janajati Tamang Cottage wages 21 Lok Bdr. Raut Cottage Agriculture 33+000 Self 6 Month Agriculture / Janajati wages 22 Chet Bdr Cottage Agriculture 33+050 Self 6 Month Agriculture / Bramin/Chhetri Thapa /Balkuni wages 23 Dhan Raj House Agriculture 33+050 Self 6 Month Agriculture / Bramin/Chhetri Raut wages 24 Gopal Basnet Balkuni Agriculture 33+100 Self 6 Month Agriculture / Bramin/Chhetri wages Source: Field Survey, 2016
42 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Table 28: People Losing their Land to Road Sub-project
S.N Name of owner Affected Chainage Standing Affected Remarks No. Crops area (Average) 1 Tika Kami Land 21+900 Maize 15 to 25 m2 Right side 2 Amrit Bdr. Khadka ( Land Maize Right side Badri Khadka) 3 Krishna Sunar, Land Maize Right side 4 Chatra Bdr. Mahara land Maize Right side 5 Dilip Sunar Land Maize Right side 6 Fatta Bdr. Khada Land Maize Right side 7 Ram Bdr Tamang Land 22+ 100 to Maize Right side 8 Amrit Bdr Tamang Land 22+ 600 Maize Right side 9 Som Bdr Tamang Land Maize Right side 10 Mohan Bdr. Magar Land Maize Left side 11 Sushila Magar Land Maize Right side 12 Anita Shrestha Land Maize Right side 13 Padam Bdr. Khatri Land 26+400 to Maize Right side 14 Yogesh Pandit Land 26+ 90.50 Maize Right side 15 Krishna Khatri Land Maize Right side 16 Chet Bdr Thapa Land 33+050 to Paddy Left side 17 Gopal Basnet Land 33+ 900 Paddy Right side 18 Dhanraj Raut Land Paddy Left side 19 Chhatra Bdr. Basnet Land Paddy Right side Source: Field Survey, 2016
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5. IMPACTS OF RECONSTRUCTION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION ON ENVIRONMENT 100. The impacts are examined on the basis of baseline condition of project area and likely impacts during construction and operation phases. Such impacts have been identified based on site observation, field survey & information obtained from the stakeholders and few were identified from value judgment. The impacts are evaluated in terms of their magnitude, extent and duration.
101. Adverse and beneficial impacts that are not identified or anticipated at this stage, if latter discovered during the construction and operation stage of the project shall be duly taken care of by the proponent.
5.1. Beneficial Impacts and Augmentation Measures 5.1.1. Construction Phase Employment Opportunities 102. As estimated in the design report, during construction, the project will generate 391,580 persondays of temporary employment opportunities that constitutes 368,962 persondays of unskilled and 22,574 persondays of skilled workers including engineers and technicians, 44 persondays of an operator. People will be required for excavation, spreading, concrete works, gabion weaving, transportation, supervision and management during construction of this project and local people based on their qualification and skill will have additional income opportunities. The district rate for skilled labour, unskilled labour, foreman/operator and heavy driver is NRs 670, 535, 670 and 600 per day respectively. The envisaged impact will be direct, local, short term in nature, having high magnitude and hence will be very significant.
Enhancement of Technical Skills 103. Through regular orientation during the course of involvement in the sub-project, the workers will be able to develop additional knowledge and skill on building roads and associated structures at climate/disaster resilient standard. These standards are sure to be the part of minimum standard in every development activities to take place in the future. These skills will encourage the locals in getting long term employment opportunities. The envisaged impact will be indirect, local, long term in nature, having medium magnitude and will be significant.
Increased Trade and Business Opportunities 104. During construction period, different types of commercial activities will come into operation in order to meet the demand of construction crew. In general, the enterprises will include food and tea shops, groceries, lodges and restaurants for serving construction crews. The demand for local products such as pulses, milk, meat, vegetables, fruits etc. will rise during the construction period which may provide added impetus for local production and marketing. This will contribute to the local rural economy and may help reduce rural poverty. Such benefits may contribute to enterprise development, which often continues to entrench beyond construction period. The envisaged impact will be indirect, local, short term in nature, having medium magnitude and will be significant.
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5.1.2. Operation Phase Improved Accessibility and Reduced Travelling/Transportation Time and Cost 105. Reconstruction will improve the road condition and facilitate smooth operation of vehicles all year round reducing the travel time and cost significantly. Good quality of road and structures will give rise to number of public vehicles and competition thereby resulting low transportation cost. Once the road is in smooth operation, people will have cheap and easy access for various goods such as seeds, chemical fertilizer and technology leading to increase in agricultural production and diversification as well as their market. The envisaged impact will be direct, local and the long terms having high magnitude hence will be very significant.
Promotion of Agro-enterprise 106. Road access is crucial for socio-economic recovery of the earthquake affected communities. With the smooth operation of the road, a reliable access will be established with the rural villages and people will have cheap and easy access for various goods such as seeds, chemical fertilizer and technology leading to increase in agricultural production and diversification as well as their market. This will promote agro-based (crops and horticulture) and livestock based (dairy and meat) enterprises which have higher prospects in the area. The envisaged impact will be indirect, regional and long term having high magnitude, hence will be very significant.
Increase in Trade, Commerce and Development of Market centers 107. There is a possibility of increased economic opportunities and significant growth and extension of the minor local markets along the road like in Haldebesi, Dhobi, Dhandebesi and other places. Number of shops, their business volume and diversity in business type will be accelerated with improved access. The farmers will be more interested to increase agricultural production due to market accessibility. Similarly, there will be diversification in occupational pattern of local people, who are till now mainly dependent on subsistence farming. This will lessen pressure on local natural resources. There will be many non-farm employment opportunities for the growing rural population especially for IPs and occupational caste groups due to extension of market center and development of small towns. The project will have indirect, long term, local and high benefits.
Access to Public Services and Basic Utilities 108. The upgrading of road will provide unobstructed and reliable access to different basic facilities like education, health, market, etc to the people of eastern part of Ramechhap District through sufficient means of transportation for daily conveyance. People of remote villages of the western part of the district will have easy access to Manthali, Charikot and other places for bigger health care facility, so is the case for markets centers. Smooth road will ease the vehicular movement and immediate service of ambulance. The envisaged impact upon education, health and others will be direct, long term, regional, of medium magnitude, hence will be very significant.
Benefits from Increased Land Value 109. As per the discussion with local people, real estate business is rare and existing land value is variable depending on proximity to existing and planned road. However, upgrading
45 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap of the road will lead to appreciation of land values particularly along road alignment due to the reliable transportation facilities. The price is expected to be increased by two to three folds depending on proximity to the road. This might be enhanced by increased crop production, business and enterprise development in study area and increased land value also enhances farmer's capability for banking transaction. This in turn will uplift the economic condition of the local people. The envisaged impact will be indirect, local and long term having medium magnitude, hence will be very significant.
Promotion of Tourism 110. Dhobi is the major checkpoint to reach Thalari (located in former Bijulikot VDC) which could be developed as sunset view point. Likewise, there are ancient cemeteries which date back to the Kirant Regime. Other things of attraction could be ancient tunnels bored for copper mining. Similarly, Giddhedada (located in former Saipu VDC) can be developed as a view point. This is the best location to view Pokali Waterfall of Okhaldhunga District. Moreover, the indigenous Tamang community and their cultures can be another attraction of cultural tourists. Increase in tourist flow along the road will bring additional economic opportunity related with services required by national and foreign tourists.
Women Empowerment 111. All the people will be benefited from the reconstruction of the road. However, women may be benefited more from improved access to the market centers and various service providing agencies like health centers, banks, training institutions, women development office etc. Frequency of visit to such agencies will increase awareness level and empower them. The project will have indirect, significant, local and long-term impact.
Conservation and Environmental Awareness 112. The major objective of the project is to build back safer infrastructures that are able to withstand future disasters and impacts of climate change. This requires general awareness among the local people about conservation of the local environment. So, imparting conservation awareness to the local people for safeguarding the reconstructed infrastructure will enable them to conserve overall environment.
5.2. Adverse Impacts 5.2.1. Pre-construction Phase Route Selection 113. Since, this is an existing road and proposed for rehabilitation, there is no new route selection rather than designing geometrical improvements (as required) and widening of the road formation to the specified width. Local conditions (structures, switchback, lay-byes, mass balancing and safe disposal site for the excess excavated material, community utilities, slopes, sensitive spots etc) were taken into consideration as to which side widening should take place in order to minimize land acquisition from forest, cultivable lands, settlements and cultural properties.
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Detail Survey and Design 114. The road design has followed the national rural road standards developed by DoLIDAR. The works will be executed through Contractor selected through National Competitive Bidding. Bio-engineering techniques will be applied for stabilization of slopes, which is sustainable, environmental friendly and can be done by using local resources and manpower. The survey team has selected the least valuable, least agriculturally productive land for the lay-bys and improvement and took care to avoid the demolition of houses. These changes have been designed and incorporated into the sub-project detail design. Additionally, all provision proposed in the EMP of IEE document will be properly reflected in the design.
Land and Property Acquisition, Compensation and Resettlement 115. Altogether 2.98 ha of private agricultural land (including settlement) along the road corridor need to be acquired at for widening the road. Similarly, 24 private structures belonging to 24 different owners will be affected wholly or partly by the road sub-project. Land will also be required for temporary facilities like construction/labour camps, stockpiling area, warehouse, etc.
5.2.2. Construction Phase Socio-economic and Cultural Environment Loss or Degradation of Farm Land and Productivity 116. The sup-project will permanently acquire 2.98 ha of agricultural land and convert it into built-up area. Moreover, spoil on farm land will also affect the production of agricultural crops. It is clear that the loss of crops from the land acquired by the project will have adverse impact on the financial stability of the affected households who are dependent on the agricultural productivity of their land. The impact is expected to be direct, high in magnitude, local in extent and of long term in duration.
Impact on Social Services and Community Infrastructures 117. Construction activities are likely to affect the irrigation canals (kulo) down and across the road alignment. A 4 inch polythene pipe meant for irrigation is likely to be affected at chainage 33+050. These envisaged impacts of the project will be direct, site specific, short term and of high magnitude hence will be very significant.
Occupational Health and Safety measures 118. During the construction phase, the construction workforces will be exposed to a number of constructions related health risks and hazards. Fugitive emissions (harmful smoke and gases from vehicles and equipment), noise and physical injury during construction works may cause serious health impact. Unsafe drinking water, unhygienic sanitary condition (i.e. lack of the latrine and sanitary facilities) in the construction camp can increase the risk of additional and endemic diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery and cholera. The envisaged impact will be direct, local and short term having high magnitude hence will be very significant.
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Prevalence Communicable Diseases 119. Certain communicable diseases (flu, influenza, diarrheal disorder, dysentery, etc.) might be transmitted by the outside workers. Workers sharing the same camp facility are at higher risk of such diseases. Intimacy between workers and local people may spread diseases like HIV/AIDS and STDs. The envisaged impact will be indirect, regional and long term having medium magnitude, hence will be very significant.
Conflict between Locals and Outside Workers 120. Conflict may arise between the local people and outside labours during the project construction. Presence of nonnative people may not be welcomed by the local residents. Additionally, the construction workers may involve in gambling, alcoholism etc and eventually may get into conflict among themselves or with the surrounding people. Similarly, workforce from outside may not be familiar with the local culture of the project area and the disagreement may take the form of argument ultimately creating conflict with local people. The envisaged impact will be direct, local, short term, of low magnitude, hence will be insignificant.
Gender Discrimination 121. As known from local consultation, discrepancy is already prevalent in the project area in wage distribution among male and female labour forces. It is very likely that similar treatment is continued while reimbursing the construction workforce involving the local. The envisaged impact will be direct, local, short term, of medium magnitude, hence will be significant.
Physical Environment Change in Land Use Pattern 122. The existing present land use pattern of the project area will be changed due to the implementation of the sub-project. 2.98 ha of additional private/agricultural land, 0.46 ha of additional barren land and 0.45 ha of additional forest land will be permanently changed to concrete and paved structure. The envisaged impact will be direct, site specific, long term, of high magnitude, hence will be very significant.
Stockpiling, Spoil Disposal and Transportation of Material 123. The major construction materials are suitable materials, cement, sand and aggregate. Stockpiling of the materials will create a major issue in the area as barren public land are already lacking in the area. Hence, some environmental implications are envisaged on air, water and land due to stockpiling and storage of the construction materials.
124. As per the design report of the sub-project, about 295,820.34 cu.m of spoil is expected to be generated from cutting and excavation of road and drains. Some of the spoil 39,594.66 cu.m will be used in filling road. Surplus volume needs to be managed properly.
125. Although, limited quantity of material will be used for construction, and some of the spoil will be used up, there may be some environmental implication of temporary storage of these materials as well as their permanent disposal.
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Quarrying and Extraction of the River Bed Material 126. Suitable materials including fill materials, base material and sub-base and pavement material will be required for road construction and most of them can be derived from the excavated materials by crushing and refining. Besides these materials, boulders and river- based aggregates and sand will be required for gravelling road, building retaining walls, RCC culverts, side drains and drain covers and other road features. These materials have to be sourced by quarrying from rocky areas along the road alignment and nearby rivers as listed in the Table 4 in Chapter 2. The potential adverse impacts of quarrying are accelerated erosion, landslides, disturbance in natural drainage patterns, water logging and water pollution. Inappropriate operation of quarry sites and overexploitation can adversely impact to adjoining area as well as the river. The envisaged impact will be direct, short term, site specific, of high magnitude, hence will be very significant.
Impact on Air Quality (Air Pollution) 127. Diesel generator, machinery equipment, excavators, dozers and transportation vehicles may introduce the fugitive & combustion emissions into atmosphere. As the project site lies in dry location, dust emission can be expected to be high. Smoke & Dust will also affect the road site, vegetation, local people residing along alignment and workers. The envisaged direct impact due to air pollution will be, site specific and short terms and of medium significance hence will be insignificant.
Impact on Water Quality (Water Pollution) 128. During construction, water bodies may be polluted by spoil and construction wastes, open defecation in natural streams by construction workers. Furthermore, inappropriate use, storage & application of chemicals (i.e. fuel, lubricants, oils and other materials) for the construction and construction equipment may cause soil, surface and ground water pollution. These envisaged impacts due to the water pollution will be direct, local and short term in nature and having moderate magnitude, hence will be significant.
Noise Pollution 129. During the construction period, operation of machines, excavators, rock breakers, power tiller, roller, transporting vehicles, trucks and other construction equipment will increase the existing noise level causing noise pollution. The envisaged direct impact will be, site specific, short term, local and of medium magnitude hence will be significant.
Impact due to Solid Waste Generation 130. Construction activities will produce solid wastes such as synthetic materials and some forms of inorganic wastes, whereas, domestic activities will produce mainly food wastes and excretory wastes. Improper dumping and management of these wastes can result in unpleasant odors, deterioration of water quality in the river water and groundwater, visual impacts that can cause health related hazards to the local inhabitants. The envisaged impact will be direct, site specific, short term, of high magnitude, hence will be very significant.
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Campsite Management 131. As the sub-project is being executed through construction contractor, camps will be required to house construction labour. Sitting of camps may cause encroachment of forest, agriculture land, and alteration of drainage, solid and liquid waste and waste water problems. The construction crew will need services like water supply, electricity, telephone, provision shop, health facilities, fuel, etc. which they will have to utilize from the existing facilities in the area. This may create pressure on the existing common resources; especially water supply, electricity and health service are already limited. Impact will be direct, of medium significance, site specific and for short-term.
Biological Environment Loss of Forest and Vegetation 132. Site clearance for construction works will affect some trees and the ground vegetation including regeneration on both sides of the road. Altogether 0.45 ha of additional forest land will be acquired for the sub-project and these forests have been handed over to the eight (8) different Community Forest User Groups. Altogether 105 trees (dbh>10cm) of species like Chilaune (Schima wallichii), Uttis (Alnus nepalensis) and Maledo (Macaranga denticulata) need to be felled from 5 of the 8 Community Forests at Ch 24+100 to 24+250 (Jhateswori CF), Ch 26+000 to 26+200 (Bhringeshwar CF), Ch 30+010 to 31+100 (Poku Salgharni CF (Saipu CF)), Ch 36+010-36+090 (Taruke Salleri CF), Ch 37+000-37+150 (Sipu Pakha CF) No protected tree needs to be cut by any means for sub-project implementation (Refer Table 29).
133. Additionally, the construction crews may get to the nearby community forest for firewood collection and they can also filch valuable floras. The envisaged impact of the proposed construction works on vegetation will be direct or indirect, local, short term, of medium significance, hence will be significant.
Table 29: Trees to be felled at different chainages Chainages Name of Name of Scientific Name Number of Forest Species to be Trees to be Felled Felled 24+100 to Jhateswari Chilaune Schima wallichii 6 24+250 CF Uttis Alnus nepalensis 2 Sub-Total 8 26+000 to Bhringeshwar Chilaune Alnus nepalensis 5 26+200 CF Sub-Total 5 30+010 to Poku Chilaune Schima wallichii 9 31+100 Salgharni CF Uttis Alnus nepalensis 5 (Saipu CF) Maledo Macaranga denticulata 1 Sub-Total 15 36+010- Taruke Chilaune Schima wallichii 20 36+090 Salleri CF Sal Shorea robusta 5 Bhot Dhangera Lagerstroemia parviflora 5 Sub-Total 30
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Chainages Name of Name of Scientific Name Number of Forest Species to be Trees to be Felled Felled 37+000- Sipu Pakha Chilaune Schima wallichii 30 37+150 CF Other 12 Uttish Alnus nepalensis 5 Sub-Total 47 Total 105 Source: Field Survey, 2016
Hunting and Poaching of Common, Rare, Endangered and Threatened Species of Fauna 134. Though infrequently, animal and birds visit the area. Of the wildlife species reported, 10 are rare and protected (by CITES and IUCN Red List). Visiting birds and animals could be disturbed due to construction activities. Workforce may involve in hunting and poaching activities at nearby community forest during construction. This anticipated impact will be indirect, local, short term, having medium magnitude, hence will be significant.
5.2.3. Adverse Impacts during Operation Phase Socio-economic and Cultural Environment Ribbon Settlement along the Project Alignment 135. There is a possibility of gathering of commercial activities and settlements from hinterland to road alignment. There are chances of erecting new and haphazard settlements along the improved road infrastructure to open marketing options and reap the increased trade and business opportunities. This practice could disturb the traffic, promote encroachment of the RoW (Right of Way), increase possibility of accidents, decline the aesthetic value and reduce the overall capacity of road. If such practices are not controlled by enforcing specific legal actions, the envisaged impact will be indirect, site specific, long term, of high magnitude, hence will be very significant.
Road Safety Measures 136. Frequent movement of vehicles along the road increases the chance of accidents. Inadequate provision of the road safety measures like lack of signals and lack of enforcement of traffic rules during operation period may invite accidents. Road sections near local market and schools are often crowded inviting chances of accidents. The envisaged impact will be direct, site specific, long term, of high magnitude, hence will be very significant.
Biological Aspects Encroachment and Depletion of Forest 137. The forest resources depletion may occur due to ineffective drainage works, inappropriate spoil disposal and construction practices. The development of market centers may lead to encroachment of forest eventually exerting pressure on forest resources. To meet the increasing needs of the forest products, illegal felling/cutting of poles and trees may
51 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap occur. Operation of road may increase in timber smuggling due to easy access and easy transportation facilities. The impact will be indirect, moderate, local and long term in nature.
Physical Environment Slope Stability and Drainage Management 138. The road alignment passes along a hilly terrain of the mid-hills. The existing slides and slumps may be triggered during heavy rainfall situations. Sensitive areas for possible road slope failure are at Ch 4+360 to 4+380, Ch 6+600 to 6+660, Ch 36+980 to 37+160, Ch 37+840 to 37+940 and Ch 38+340 to 38+480). Additionally, there is possibility of slope instability caused by the opening of branch roads connecting village settlement with RM/DCC funding. Likewise, inadequate maintenance of the road, blockage of drains and human activities such as grazing and irrigation water may cause slides and slope failure. The impact will be direct, high, local and long term in nature.
Impact due to Air, Water and Noise Pollution 139. Increased number of additional vehicles due to availability of easy road access can cause air and noise pollution. The noise of horns from vehicles can cause problem to nearby community. Washing of vehicles in natural streams may cause contamination in drinking water sources. As this road falls under DCRN, the vehicular movement is not expected to be very high, the overall impact of will be direct, low, site specific and long term in nature.
5.3. Climate Change Impacts 140. Climate change is an inevitable fact which needs to be considered for future planning, construction and maintenance of roads especially in hilly and mountainous areas which are more vulnerable to climate change than the plain areas. According to MoE/NAPA (2010) vulnerability assessment, Ramechhap District is ranked very highly vulnerable (second among 75 districts) based on overall vulnerability index. As evident from the preliminary climate screening (Appendix 2b), Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi road is highly vulnerable to environmental and climate change attributes, such as change in precipitation, higher rainfall intensity causing flood accelerated soil erosion and landslides.
141. Impacts of climate change on road infrastructure as screeded through Checklist for Preliminary Climate Risk Screening will be as follows:
Due to the slope stability conditions on roadside at different chainages (chainages stated above), the routing of the project is likely to be affected by extreme weather events like heavy rainfall. Road drainage could be of inadequate size or very frequently blocked causing damage to the road calling for regular maintenance and cleaning of the drains. Due to regular humid codition, the movement of heavy vehicles is likely to create potholes on the road calling for regular maintenance and maintenance costs could be considerably higher for the gravel roads. Climate change could cause an increase in hydro-meteorological extreme events such as storms, landslides, debris flows, that could greatly affect roads in mountain region causing blockages.
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5.4. Cumulative Impact 142. Cumulative impact is the sum of project impacts and interaction impacts of a single large scale project or multiple projects of similar or different nature. No other major projects have been reported within the ZoI of the Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi road. So the assessment of cumulative impacts considers the impacts due to interaction of impacts of this very project only. The following cumulative impacts may arise due to the reconstruction activities in the surrounding of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi road sub-project in Ramechhap district.
5.4.1. Beneficial Impacts 143. The availability of the employment in the neighbourhood will reduce the migration of local people to other parts of the country, as well as to foreign countries for wage-based labour. The amount of money that is earned in wages will directly enhance the operation of various economic activities and enterprise development in a chained manner creating other income generating activities. Similarly, the skill and knowledge acquired during road construction will enhance employment opportunities. Such trained manpower can earn livelihoods from similar project in future.
144. Reconstruction of road will enhance the access of people by reducing travel time and costs as well as quick transportation of goods. Various farm-based enterprises, including a wide range of agricultural and livestock products will also gain momentum as a result of transportation facilities. Vegetables, fruits, cash crops, sale of farm, fruit and livestock products will be increased in almost all the settlements along the road corridor. Similarly, there will be diversification in occupational pattern of local people, who are till now mainly dependent on subsistence farming. This will lessen pressure on local natural resources.
145. Due to an increase in employment opportunities, trade, business and agricultural income, money will be channeled into the local economy. This will increase income level of the individual household and the local community. It is possible that some money may be spent by the individual for community development activities such as education, school, health and sanitation services.
5.4.2. Adverse Impacts 146. Fresh cuts also invite landslides and erosion, particularly during monsoon. The common likely problems from inappropriate disposal of spoils are gullying and erosion of spoil tips especially when combined with unmanaged surface water runoff, damage to farm lands and crops as well as property at downhill. The concentrated water from the road outlet causes erosion and landslide eventually affecting the stability of the road.
147. This sub-project passes through community forest. There will be vegetation loss from the forests during construction of the road. Increase in vehicular movement will further affect the movements of wildlife. Total 105 trees need to be cut down from the three community forests. Felling of trees, further change in land use due to potential trading opportunity and increased number of vehicles will lead to high GHGs emission as well as low carbon sequestration. Similarly change in land use might accelerate soil erosion.
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148. Loss of private properties, crops and trees from the land acquired by the project will have adverse impact on the financial stability of the affected households. Increased opportunities for trade and commerce along the roadside will attract people to build shops, restaurants, stalls and hotels and may encroach RoW. Movement of vehicles in the road may invite accidents.
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6. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 149. The aim of the project is to reconstruct and rehabilitate existing road and revive the transportation network for the promotion of fast and safe connectivity. The following alternatives were considered to achieve the project’s objectives in environment friendly manner.
6.1. No Action Option
150. Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road already exists and is serving the southeastern part of Ramechhap District (Wards 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 of Likhu Rural Municipality). For the existing pavement condition and geometry of the road, travelling and transportation has been difficult and time-consuming. Around 100 vehicles pass through the road daily loading the local air with dusts in dry season and muddening the road during the rainy season. If the sub-project is not implemented, the existing condition of the road will persist and so is the hardship of the local people traveling through the road and living by the side of the road, local people will be deprived from mainstream of development through improved access and the direct and indirect benefit that implementation of this proposal would bring. No action option will avoid the possible environmental implications but the hardship people are currently facing outweighs the environmental cost of implementing the sub-project. So, no project option is avoided.
6.2. Project Alternative 151. Road has no other alternatives for local access. The primary objective of the project is to rehabilitate existing rural road and provide easy and all weather connectivity by reconstructing and upgrading the existing infrastructure. As the road already exists but is unable to provide full-fledged service for its poor surface condition and geometry, it is indispensable to maintain and upgrade it to render it serviceable all weather. So the reconstruction and upgrading has no other alternatives.
6.3. Alternative Alignment 152. By nature, it is a rehabilitation and reconstruction sub-project. The road already exists, although in partly damaged condition due to land failure triggered by earthquake, and vehicles plying in most sections limited during fair weather. It aims at improving the condition of existing road by rehabilitating damaged sections, widening and gravelling it. Moreover, the existing alignment does not cross major stream or river and passes through the major settlements of northwestern part of Ramechhap. It is also assumed that the existing alignment has been considered the best among all the alternatives considered during design. Therefore, other alternative alignment has not been surveyed at this phase.
6.4. Alternative Design and Construction Approach 153. Alternative design based on lane/formation width was considered. Based on the significance of the road as being an important road connecting major settlements of Likhu RM and the projected traffic volume according to existing traffic volume and also considering the Nepal Rural Road Standard (NRRS, 2012), the formation width of 6.25 m was considered.
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154. For the exigency of the infrastructure, it will be reconstructed by employing a construction contractor with deployment of necessary equipments for timely delivery of the work. Nonetheless, the contractor will be made to utilize local people as construction workforce and respect the environmental sensitivity of such hilly terrain.
6.5. Alternative Schedule and Process 155. A construction schedule (i.e. 15 months) has been proposed taking the climatic and drainage condition of the area into consideration. During the rainy season, construction work is stopped to allow the natural compaction of the road. Collection of sand and aggregates from the river bed during dry period will minimize the impacts on river water quality & downstream aquatic ecology and hence the schedule of construction is proposed accordingly.
6.6. Alternative Resources 156. The physical resource requirements include stone for gabions, dry masonry walls and stone pitching. Stones are available in nearby areas of various sections of the road, whereas fine aggregates, sand will be sourced from Tamakhoshi River. The pavement construction, earthwork, construction of simple structures such as side drains, gabion walls, bioengineering works, etc will be carried out manually. The contractor in his discretion will use necessary equipments and human resources for timely delivery of the work.
6.7. No Forest Option 157. While selecting the alignment, no forest option was also considered, under which the project would have no impact on the community forest, However, as it is simple reconstruction of the existing road alignment, the widening of the road to prescribed standard is expected to affect a very narrow strip of forest at few shorter sections. Realignment of the road to avoid forest area is expected to affect larger parcel of private land that increase compensation and resettlement cost. Moreover, even if the road is realigned, it is sure to encounter some forest along the way. Additional forest to be affected by the project is only about 0.45 ha.
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7. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS MITIGATION AND MINIMIZATION TECHNIQUES 158. For the impacts, practical mitigation measures (or actions) have been proposed to mitigate the possible environmental and social impacts that may result due to project implementation (construction and operation). The proponent of the project has prime responsibility in carrying out the indicated mitigation measures. Keeping in mind the current political and social situation, several of these require sharing of responsibilities with public authorities and local stakeholders.
159. Adverse and beneficial impacts that are not identified or anticipated at this stage, if latter discovered during the construction and operation stage of the project shall be duly taken care of by the proponent.
7.1. Augmentation Measures 7.1.1. Beneficial Impacts during Construction Phase Employment Opportunities 160. No augmentation measure has been suggested for this benefit. However, the contractor will be encouraged to give priority to local and marginalized people including women in construction works as per their skills. Women will be employed in compensatory tree plantation for afforestation and slope protection works through bio-engineering.
Enhancement of Technical Skills 161. Workers will acquire additional knowledge through training in material handling, occupational safety, general environment, health and social precautionary measures. The workers will be formally and informally oriented about the specific requirements for climate and disaster resilience.
Increased Trade and Business Opportunities 162. The project will give due priority to the local markets and local products.
7.1.2. Beneficial Impacts during Operation Phase Improved Accessibility and Reduced Travelling/Transportation Time and Cost 163. Necessary arrangement will be made for regular inspection and maintenance of the road and its accessorial features with the help of other stakeholders. Bioengineering operation will be continued for the sustainability of the road.
Promotion of Agro-enterprise 164. No augmentation measure has been suggested for this benefit to be within the scope of this sub-project.
Increase in Trade, Commerce and Development of Market centers 165. DCC/Likhu RM will manage planned growth with required infrastructure facilities for healthy and hygienic environment in the market areas.
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Access to Public Services and Basic Utilities 166. Timely implementation of the sub-project and regular maintenance of the infrastructure will generate the service in time and sustain the service.
Benefits from Increased Land Value 167. The local people will be made aware of the fact that high value land is easily acceptable to the banks and microfinance institutions as a guarantee to provide loans. Local people can start their own business by mortgaging their land.
Promotion of Tourism 168. Awareness raising programs will be conducted in collaboration with concerned stakeholders to support the promotion of tourism activities and infrastructures development of lodges, hotels, restaurants and preferably home stays. People will be oriented about village tourism with home stay provisions for the tourists especially in the homes of highly marginalized Tamang community. A three days homestay management training will be provided to 15 interested people from the project area with a cost of 150,000.00.
Women Empowerment 169. Women will be further empowered through awareness and training programs. The awareness programs will be related to health and sanitation and training program will be related to agriculture and livestock raising. A cost of NRs 100,000.00 has been allocated for empowering women.
Conservation and Environmental Awareness 170. Environmental awareness programmes will be conducted in the project area to aware the local people on value of local natural resources and necessity of conservation of environment. These programs will consist of general training conducted at field level by local conservationists and subject experts through lecture, documentary showcasing and interaction. Total cost of NRs 250,000.00 has been estimated for conducting environmental awareness programs.
7.2. Mitigation Measures 7.2.1. Pre-construction Phase 171. The mitigation measures adopted during design or pre-construction phases are preventive in nature with two basic objectives.
Avoid costly corrective and/or compensatory measures. Increase awareness among the stakeholders for the environmental management.
Route Selection 172. Since, this is an existing road and proposed for rehabilitation, there is no new route selection rather than designing geometrical improvements (as required) and widening of the road formation to the specified width. Local conditions (structures, switchback, lay-byes, mass balancing and safe disposal site for the excess excavated material, community utilities, slopes, sensitive spots etc) were taken into consideration as to which side widening should
58 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap take place in order to minimize land acquisition from forest, cultivable lands, settlements and cultural properties.
Detail Survey and Design 173. The road design has followed the national rural road standards developed by DoLIDAR. The works will be executed through Contractor selected through National Competitive Bidding. Bio-engineering techniques will be applied for stabilization of slopes, which is sustainable, environmental friendly and can be done by using local resources and manpower. The survey team has selected the least valuable, least agriculturally productive land for the lay-bys and improvement and took care to avoid the demolition of houses. These changes have been designed and incorporated into the sub-project detail design. Additionally, all provision proposed in the EMP of IEE document will be properly reflected in the design.
Land and Property Acquisition, Compensation and Resettlement 174. Mitigation for land and property acquisition includes compensation at prevailing market rate. The following measures will be followed:
Compensation will be provided to the land owners on prevailing market rate. The total compensation cost for the land to be acquired based on the rate of Land Revenue Office (LRO) Ramechhap is NRs 2,98,777.28. The time given by the affected household during deed transfer and other purpose will be compensated. The cost of deed transfer assistance and deed transfer fees has been estimated to be 17,100.00. The private structures that will be affected during reconstruction of the road will be compensated at replacement cost. The individual owners will be provided the cost. The total physical compensation amount of the affected structures is NRs 1,440,000.00. Compensation will be provided for the standing crop in the affected private plots. The cost to be provided is based on the rate of paddy (since it is the highest value crop) in the local market considering the average productivity as 1.713 kg of rice per square meter and has been estimated to be NRs 65,094. Project affected families will be imparted income generation and livelihood improvement generation training by residential training. In total, 10% of the affected people are interested to join the program. The estimated cost for conducting the training program is Nrs 800,000.00. Private land necessary for sitting temporary structures will be hired from interested owner at prevailing market rate. After completion of the work, the camps and facilities will be dismantled and rehabilitated and returned to the owner.
7.2.2. Construction Phase Socio-economic and Cultural Environment Loss or Degradation of Farm Land and Productivity 175. Mitigation measures will be as follows:
Compensation will be provided for loss of property as mentioned in section 7.2.1,
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Compensation will also be provided for loss of standing crops and temporary use of agriculture land, Plantation of trees of local variety like Harro, Barro, Siris, Mauwa, Chilaune and other ornamental trees along the both sides of road to act as dust and noise barrier. A cost of NRs 200,000.00 has been allocated for roadside plantation. Income restoration and rehabilitation program will be carried out whereby the members of affected household will undergo residential training on income generating activities. The tentative cost of the training program is NRs 800,000.00.
Impact on Social Services and Community Infrastructures 176. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:
The contractor will be responsible for reconstruction and rehabilitation of damages due to their activities; any damage to existing road in project location, like formation of ditches, will be controlled and rehabilitated. Altogether 34 irrigation crossings have been proposed along the road. The construction activities will be scheduled during off-season to avoid the impact of disruption of irrigation facilities.
Occupational Health and Safety measures 177. The contractor will maintain occupational health and safety arrangement and strictly enforce the safety measures.
Construction workers will be prior informed about job hazards, emergency procedures and any other relevant safety measures. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as helmets, boots, gloves, safety belts, safety glasses and masks will be provided to the workers working in the construction sites. Contractor will arrange the First Aid Kit Box and standby medicine for workforce during working period and emergency situations. In case of serious injury and accidents, the injured will be run to the nearest hospital with the necessary diagnosis and treatment facilities. Warning signs, posts, barriers and guards will be installed to restrict access of unauthorized persons to construction sites. Only authorized person will be allowed to operate heavy machinery and equipment. Temporary drinking water supply and latrine pit will be established at site. Dust control will be done in the construction areas by sprinkling water. Vehicles and equipment will be maintained in proper condition so that they produce less noise. Group accidental insurance will be done for the workers.
178. The cost of occupational health and safety measures has been incorporated in the civil cost of the sub-project.
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Prevalence of Communicable Diseases 179. Sanitary condition will be maintained in the construction camp by arranging toilets and water supply. Workers will be encouraged to keep their camps clean and tidy. Workers will be made aware through awareness program about STDs and the preventive measures.
Conflict between Locals and Outside Workers 180. Construction workers from outside the project area will be well-informed about the general norms and values of society. The construction workforce will be instructed to respect local people, especially the female members and observe/follow the local culture and tradition. Workforce will be discouraged to involve in activities like gambling and alcoholism. Local people will be informed about project activities, requirements and time schedules. Local people will be given maximum priority in employment.
Gender Discrimination 181. Project will establish agreement with contractors to consider male and female equally for wage distribution for works of similar nature. Male workers will be instructed to respect their female counterparts.
Physical Environment Change in Land Use Pattern 182. There will be no mitigation measures for the permanent loss of agricultural, forest land. However, following mitigation measures will be adopted to compensate the loss of land into built up area:
Roadside plantation of trees will be done to increase greenery in the area. Local plants like Harro, Barro, Simal, Siris, Chilaune, Bains, Katush, Lakuri, Mauwa, Bajh, Guras, Paiyu, etc and other suitable ornamental plants will be planted along the roadside. During re-vegetation, local species identified during the survey will be used. Agricultural extension services will be improved to compensate loss of production.
Stockpiling, Spoil Disposal and Transportation of Material 183. Although, limited quantity of material will be used for construction, and some of the spoil will be used up, there may be some environmental implication of temporary storage of these materials and can be minimized by adopting following measures:
Wherever possible, surplus spoil will be used to fill eroded gullies, quarries and depressed areas etc. Suitable sites have been listed in Table 7 of Chapter 2. Top soil will be stored and utilized in farm land Remaining excess spoils will be disposed in specified tipping sites in a controlled manner and the tipping sites will be covered by vegetation through bio-engineering techniques after surplus material is tipped. Spoils will not be disposed on fragile slopes, farmland, marshy land, dense forest areas, natural drainage path, canals and other infrastructures. (Although spoil disposal and tipping areas have been proposed within the boundary of community forests, these areas have very sparse stands of trees.)
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After the disposal, the site will be provided with proper drainage, vegetation and adequate protection against erosion. Necessary toe walls and retaining walls will be provided to protect the disposal of soil. Material will be stockpiled at fallow land and covered, Proper drainage will be arranged around the stockpile area, Stockpiling of the cement and other materials in shaded structures within the construction camp will be made.
Quarrying and Extraction of the River Bed Material 184. The following mitigation measures will be adopted to address the issues related to quarrying:
Sediments derived from the excavation will be used for backfilling. Coarse aggregates and sand will be obtained from designated and approved quarries and borrow areas that have already taken environmental clearances (if such sites are available). No such sites having environmental clearances were available. Possible quarry sites have been identified in Table 3 of Chapter 2. These sites will be used with due consideration to local environmental condition. Unstable sites, erosion prone areas, dense forest areas, settlements and fertile farm land will be avoided for quarry operation. Stones and boulders will be collected from the environmentally suitable and legally recognized quarry sites. After the extraction is completed, the quarry site will be rehabilitated to suit the local landscape. The materials to be transported will be covered by plastic sheets. Arrangements will be made in trippers to arrest water dripping from the materials.
Impact on Air Quality (Air Pollution) 185. To mitigate the air pollution and its effect the following measures will be carried out:
Construction equipment and vehicles will be regularly examined and maintained in proper condition. Water will be sprinkled at major settlements along the road at least two times a day during peak construction. Construction materials will be properly covered during conveyance. Open burning of garbage will be strictly prohibited.
Impact on Water Quality (Water Pollution) 186. The impacts can be mitigated by:
Ensuring safe storage and wise use of chemicals to prevent spillage; Avoiding the disposal of excavated materials in or near water bodies; Discouraging open urination and defecation and construction of toilets in camp sites.
Noise Pollution 187. The following mitigation measures will be adopted to minimize the noise pollution:
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Construction equipment will be maintained in proper condition by applying grease and lubricants. Sound producing equipment will be preferred to use only in day time. Earplug will be provided to the worker involved in equipment operations.
Impact due to Solid Waste Generation 188. The solid waste generated from the construction/labor camp will be segregated at source and degradable waste will be used for composting. All the camp wastes and construction wastes will be placed in the designated waste collection pits away from the water path. The separate storage areas will be established for all punctured containers (drums, carboys, flasks etc) and will be processed for selling to scavengers. Similarly, the offsite activities of the workforce that are potential to cause pollution of surface and subsurface waters will be prohibited.
Campsite Management 189. Use of local labours will avoid the chance of campsite management. In case labours have to be brought from outside, they will be housed in local houses brought in rent instead of camp. If it is indispensable to establish a camp, they will be sited away from productive lands and forest areas. The following mitigation measures will be adopted to mitigate the impact of camp establishment:
Respectable compensation will be paid for using private farm or lands for storage or camp. The camp and storage sites will be properly cleaned, reinstated and handed over to the respective owner followed by receiving necessary clearance from the owner. Toilet, water and other basic facilities will be provided to workers. The contractor will manage the utilities like communication, lighting and cooking energy, drinking water supply etc within the camp so as to avoid the pressure on local services. The responsibility of looking after the amenities of the workers is the responsibility of the contractor. Labor camp will have room with proper ventilation and natural light, safe drinkable water, mosquito net, sanitary facility, and solid waste management. Construction material will be properly stored. Appropriate camp sites have been identified at Ch 4+100, Ch 13+500, Ch 19+900, 26+300 and Ch 36+900.
Biological Environment Loss of Forest and Vegetation 190. The following measures will be adopted to address this impact:
For construction crews at camp, contractor will provide kerosene or LPG cylinder for cooking and heating for avoiding firewood collection. The respective provisions will be set in contract document. Similarly, restriction will be put on construction workers to enter into the local forest areas for firewood and NTFP collection and the provision will be enforced as
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punishable offence. They will be made aware about importance of conservation and restricted activities.
191. The following activities will be strictly followed to cut trees from the forest area during road reconstruction:
Forest clearance approval will be obtained from the MoFSC. Forest site clearance for construction will be limited to minimum width of road. No tree or vegetation will be cut unless absolutely necessary. Project will hand over the felled trees to CFUGs.
192. According to the Working Procedure to Use National Forest area for National Priority Projects, 2074 B.S. of GoN, the sub-project has to carry out plantation (with protection for five years) or pay for the plantation and protection cost to the District Forest Office. The trees to be felled from different forests and compensatory plan have been described in Appendix 8. In total, 105 trees need to be cut down from the five (5) of the eight (8) community forests along the road. So, in total 2,625 seedlings have to be planted for compensatory plantation with estimated cost of NRs 412,518.75 considering the plantation of each plant as calculated in the table given in Appendix 8a and Appendix 8b. This cost will be provided to CFUGs through DFO in two installments. Location and type of species for the plantation will be selected by the CFUGs/DFO. However, emphasis will be given to local, multiple use, rare, endangered and protected species. The samples of agreement between the proponent, DFO and concerned CFUGs for compensatory plantation with disbursement schedule are presented for individual CF in Appendix 8c and the plantation plan is presented in Table 30 and Appendix 8d.
Table 30: Trees to be Felled and Compensatory Plantation Requirement Name of Forest Number of Compensatory Plantation Cost of Plantation Trees Jhateswari CF 8 200 31,430.00 Brhingeshwar CF 5 125 19,643.75 Poku Salgharni CF 15 375 58,931.25 (Saipu CF) Taruke Salleri CF 30 750 117,862.50 Sipu Pakha CF 47 1,175 184,651.25 Total of CF 105 2,625 412,518.75 Source: Field Survey, 2016
Hunting and Poaching of Common, Rare, Endangered and Threatened Species of Fauna 193. Hunting and poaching by the construction crew will be strictly prohibited. The construction activity will be managed so as to minimize disturbance to wildlife; speed limit will be enforced for transporting vehicles. The impact can be minimized by employing the local labours. Similarly, restriction will be put on construction workers from entering into the local forest areas and the provision will be enforced as punishable offense. In addition, restriction will be put on the use of wildlife meat in the construction camps. Hoarding boards will be placed at sensitive sites (Ch 0+080, 1+520, 16+800, 24+100, 26+000, 30+100,
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36+010 and 37+150 where the road passes along the forest areas) at a cost of NRs 200000 to aware workers and locals alike on importance of wildlife and conservation.
7.2.3. Adverse Impacts during Operation Phase Socio-economic and Cultural Environment Ribbon Settlement along the Project Alignment 194. Respective DCC and Likhu Rural Municipality will regulate the possible development along the road access so as to minimize the likely road accident. Road safety signals or signposts will be installed at places. Road side plantations of trees will be done in the RoW to prevent possible encroachment.
Road Safety Measures 195. Appropriate design will be adopted focusing required road safety measures. Required delegators, safety signs will be used as appropriate along road. Permanent traffic signposts will be installed along the road corridor. Signposts will be installed at major markets, schools and settlements to inform about drivers to control the speed of the vehicles to ward off associated accidents at temple and school areas. Road safety measures will also be adopted following 3-Es (i.e. Engineering, Enforcement and Education). The road will be repaired and maintained regularly. The DCC/Rural Municipality will allocate budget for the regular inspection and the maintenance of road.
Biological Aspects Encroachment and Depletion of Forest 196. These impacts will be mitigated through awareness raising programmes to educate local people and providing support to locals for the conservation of forests.
Physical Environment Slope Stability and Drainage Management 197. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:
Bio-engineering works will be carried out to control the slides and retain the slopes. Rill and gully formations will be regularly monitored and immediately fixed at critical areas. Repair and maintenance of the slope protection measures and drainage works. Minor landslide and mass wasting will be immediately cleared and slope restored with appropriate technology (bioengineering). Soil conservation will be promoted in the RoW and vulnerable areas beyond the road alignment. CFUGs will be promoted to conserve and manage their CFs property. Causeways (11), RCC Slab Culverts (1) and Pipe Culverts (67) will be placed to maintain cross drainage at places and allow passage of runoff. All these activities have already been considered in BoQ so no extra cost is allocated.
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Impact due to Air, Water and Noise Pollution Following mitigation measures will be adopted: Signboards restricting the use of horns will be erected near health posts, schools and settlements. Plantation will be done near the settlement around school and health post to act as dust and noise barrier. Vehicle washing in natural streams will be discouraged.
7.3. Climate Change Impacts 198. Following climate change adaptation measures will be considered during the reconstruction and operation of the road:
Likely local effects of climate change will be assessed through observation and regular monitoring of drainage system, erosion etc. Adequate and timely maintenance and retention of the slides as soon as they appear. Awareness raising activities will be conducted about climate change issues and adaptation and mitigation measures. No tree or vegetation will be removed unless absolutely necessary to reduce deforestation and compensatory plantation will be done to cut carbon per capita emissions.
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8. LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROJECT 199. GoN has adopted various policies, acts, rules, regulations and guidelines to ensure the integration of the development and conservation of environment. The policies and legislative provisions of Nepal that have a direct relevance to proposed project are given in Table 31. These laws and policies provisions have been duly followed in the IEE process and proposed mitigation measures.
Table 31: Review of Relevant Acts, Rules, Regulations and Guidelines
A Constitution
The Constitution of Nepal: It has guaranteed every person the right to live in a clean environment as a fundamental right. As per the constitution, it is also a matter of State policy to adopt appropriate measures to abolish or mitigate existing or possible adverse environmental impacts on the nature, environment or biological diversity.
B Plans and Policies
National Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Policy, 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.): It has identified restoration and improvement of access to service and improve environmental resilience as one of its strategic recovery objectives.
Forest Policy, 2071 B.S. (2015 A.D.): Plantation is mandatory for environmental friendly physical infrastructure development along settlement area, road and irrigation canal.
Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2071 B.S (2014 A.D.): This policy has been formulated to strengthen socioeconomic conidition of project affected families with the provision of necessary land acquisition, justifiable compensation, appropriate resettlement and rehabilitation for the public welfare and implementation of infrastructure development projects.
Three Years Interim Plan, 2070/71-2072/73 B.S. (2013/14-2015/16 A.D.): Identified the importance of road sector in promoting national unification, socio-economic development and regional balance contributing to overall development of the country and also in promoting the access to service and facilities. It aims to achieve sustainable, broad- based, inclusive economic growth. The plan also addresses climate change adaptation and mitigation and overall environmental protection.
ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 A.D.: ADB’s Safeguard Policy Framework consists of three operational policies on the Environment, Indigenous people and Involuntary resettlement. It requires that (i) impacts are identified and assessed early in the project cycle, (ii) plans to avoid, minimize, mitigate or compensate for the potential adverse impacts are developed and implemented and (iii) affected people are informed and consulted during project preparation and implementation.
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20 Year Road Plan, 2059 –2079 B.S. (2002-2022 A.D.): With main objectives of development of Strategic Road Networks (SRN), the implementation strategies include all weather road connection to the District Headquarters (DHQ) and provision of road linkages from the DHQ to the adjacent road network of the neighboring districts and countries
Policy Document, Environmental Assessment in the Road Sector of Nepal, 2056 B.S. (2000 A.D.): It proposes to adopt measures to improve the way of life of the affected people and safeguard natural surroundings. In case damage is inevitable environmental assessment should find ways of reducing or compensating for such damage. It suggested five types of environmental assessment activities like Screening, IEE,EIA and Monitoring.
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, 2014-2020 FY: It is prepared to provide guiding framework for the management of Nepal’s biodiversity. It has focused on national needs of biodiversity management and conservation, fulfillment of the international obligations, sustainable use of its components and equitable sharing of benefits accrued from conservation and utilization of genetic resources. It has a long term (i.e. 35 years) vision, and includes specific short term (up to 2020) strategies and priorities for action.
C Act
Act Relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2072 B.S (2015 A.D.): This act provides for the creation of the NRA for a period of five years (which may be extended) and defines its functions, duties and powers. It has mandated NRA for leading and managing the earthquake recovery and reconstruction in Nepal. It has delegated the NRA the authority to frame rules (Section 30), may make and enforce necessary guidelines or procedures in order to conduct its business (Section 31).
Solid Waste Management Act, 2068 B.S. (2011 A.D.): It outlines the duties of local government to take action to control haphazard waste generation, disposal or collection and has provisions for various punitive measures against those engaged in activities detrimental to the intentions of the Act.
Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2057 B.S. (2000 A.D.): Engaging children including those who has not attained the age of 14 in risky activities against his/her will by any means is prohibited. In case any enterprise has to engage a child in works, an approval has to be obtained from concerned body.
Local Self Governance Act 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.): Empowers the local bodies for the conservation of soil, forest and other natural resources and implements environmental conservation activities
Forest Act, 2049 B.S. (1993 A.D.): Requires decision makers to take account of all forest values, including environmental services and biodiversity, not just the production of timber and other commodities.
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Water Resources Act, 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.): It has legal arrangements for determining beneficial uses of water resources, preventing environment and other hazardous effects thereof and also keeping water resources free from pollution. It has clearly mentioned that no one shall pollute water resource by way of using or putting any litter, industrial wastes, poison, chemical or toxicant to the effect that the pollution tolerance limit of the water resource as prescribed.
The Labor Act, 2048 B.S. (1992 A.D.): Regulates the working environment, deals with occupational health and safety.
Soil and Watershed Conservation Act (SWCA), 2039 B.S. (1982 A.D.); It empowers GoN to declare any area of Nepal as a conserved watershed area, specifying the borders thereof. The Watershed Conservation Officer (WCO) has the authority to implement protective infrastructure, vegetation program and regulate agricultural practices pertinent to soil and watershed conservation. It empowers WCO to prohibit the commission of any acts that may cause soil-erosion or soil cutting in a land where any of the acts has been done
Public Roads Act, 2031 B.S. (1974 A.D.): Act mandates requirement of permission from the DoR to carry out activities within the limits of the road boundaries and also provision of notifying the DoR by local governmental offices prior to the start of activities in the limits of the public roads.
National Park and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2029 B.S. (1972 A.D.): This act provides protection to 27 species of mammals, 9 species of birds and three species of reptiles.
D Rules and Regulations
Rule Relating to Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D): It provides the basis for prioritization of reconstruction. More importantly, it defines functions, duties and rights of the Chief Executive Officer and Secretary of NRA and District Coordination Committee.
Local Self Governance Rules 2056 B.S. (2000 A.D.): It provides procedural guidelines for implementation of the Local Self Governance Act.
Forest Rules, 2051 B.S. (1995 A.D.): It elaborates legal measures for the conservation of forests and wildlife and provides procedural guidelines for implementation of the Forest Act. It stipulates that in case the execution of any project having national priority in any forest area causes any loss or harm to any local individual or community, the proponent of the project itself shall bear the amount of compensation to be paid.
E Work Procedures, Guidelines, Standards and others
Local Body Restructuring Notice, MoFALD, GON, 2017 A.D: Declaration of the name, number, boundary, ward’s boundary of 744 rural municipality and municipality with 481 rural municipalities, 246 municipalities, 13 sub-metropolitan cities, 4
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metropolitan cities and dissolve of VDC/DDC.
Work Procedure Related with Environmental Impact Assessment for Rehabilitation of Earthquake Affected Structures 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.) and First Amendment, 2073 B.S. (2016 A.D.): These provide procedural guidelines for undertaking reconstruction and rehabilitation projects. These include a comprehensive suite of procedures for different activities like environmental impact assessment, land acquisition, and public procurement for reconstruction projects (2072 B.S.) and grievance management (2073 B.S.). It determines the format of IEE and EIA.
The first amendment has revised the threshold for projects to undergo IEE or EIA. It prescribes (under Clause 2 of Schedule 1) that upgrading, rehabilitation and reconstruction and new construction of district, urban and rural road should follow IEE study and approval.
Working Procedure to Use National Forest area for National Priority Projects, 2074 B.S. (2017 A.D.): Following are the main features: EMP/IEE/EIA study is mandatory for obtaining forestry clearance. Alternative analysis has to be done during feasibility study for avoiding forest area or if not having minimal loss of vegetation. Concerned Ministry has to obtain concurrence from Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation before approving IEE/EIA Provision of compensatory plantation (with protection for five years) at the ratio of 1:25 plants by the project or provide plantation and protection cost to concerned DFO.
ADB Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF), 2015 A.D. for EEAP: It elaborates environmental legal requirements and procedures according to the Government of Nepal and Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 of ADB and guides the preparation of environmental assessments and environmental management plans.
ADB Resettlement Framework (RF), 2015 A.D. for EEAP: It guides the preparation of resettlement plans by elaborating legal and procedural guidelines according to GoN and ADP SPS.
Batabaran Parichhyan - Resource Booklet - 2070 B.S. (2013): It provides guidance for local body to prepare environmental assessment reports of different projects; construction materials extraction and local roads, on their own.
Environment Friendly Local Governance Framework (EFLG) 2070 B.S (2013 A.D.): This framework is prepared to promote environmental conservation through local institutions to materialize environment friendly local development concept. There are different level of environment friendly indicators like basic, advanced and special indicators at household, tole/settlement, ward, VDC, Municipality and District level. Main objectives of this framework are as follows: Mainstreaming the environment, climate change, disaster management issues in local development planning process.
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Making environment friendly local governance mechanism. Strengthening basic level to make environment friendly sustainable development. Promoting coordination and cooperation within environment and development. Strengthening local organization to enhance local ownership for the sustainable development of environment. Nepal Rural Road Standard, 2012 A.D.: Sets the classification and geometric design standards for the Local Road Network to be followed by all those involved in the development of the network, including Users, User Committees, VDCs, DDCs, DTOs, DoLIDAR and its development partners.
National Adaptation Program of Action, 2068 B.S. (2010 A.D.): The NAPA has been instrumental in mainstreaming climate change in development planning. The NAPA has developed a framework for adaptation programme, and has identified key adaptation needs, existing adaptation practices and options for developed projects including infrastructure.
Reference Manual for Environmental and Social Aspects of Integrated Road Development, 2060 B.S (2003 A.D): Suggests stepwise process of addressing environmental and social issues alongside the technical, financial and other issues.
Batabaraniya Nirdesika (Nepali), 2057 B.S. (2000 A.D.): Focuses in the practical implementation of small rural infrastructures through the minimization of environmental impacts and outlines simple methods of environmental management in the different phases of the project cycle. More emphasis is given to prevention rather than cure.
APPROACH for the Development of Agricultural and Rural Roads, 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.): Emphasizes labor based technology and environmental friendly, local resource oriented construction methods to be incorporated actively in rural infrastructure process.
Green Roads in Nepal, Best Practices Report – An Innovative Approach for Rural Infrastructure Development in the Himalayas and Other Mountainous Regions. GIZ, 1999 A.D.: It focuses on participatory, labor based and environment friendly technology with proper alignment selection, mass balancing, proper water management, bioengineering and phased construction.
Environmental Management Guidelines, Geo Environmental and Social Unit, DoR, 2054 B.S. (1997 A.D.): It consists of environmental mitigation measures to be incorporated into DoR projects, procedures for public participation, and socio-economic consideration. The Environmental Mitigation Measures are broken down into 12 categories or activities and a method for implementation is given for each mitigation measures including implementation strategies. These environmental mitigation measures should be used in conjunction with good engineering design, construction and operation practices. It also suggests considering the various socio-economic issues like land acquisition and compensation, economic impacts and cultural heritage.
Community forest development program guideline (third revision 2071 B.S.): Sustainable and scientific management of forest by the local users including environment services and facilities for the mitigation of natural calamities, wildlifes nad
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forest fire
National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, 2050 B.S. (1993 A.D.): Provides guidance to project proponent on integrating environmental mitigation measures, particularly on the management of quarries, borrow pits and stockpiling of materials, operation of the work camps, earthworks and slope stabilization, location of stone crushing plants etc.
F International Conventions
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), 2053 B.S., amended, 2059 B.S. (1973 A.D., amended 1979 A.D.): It regulates international trade in endangered wild flora and fauna with the aim of reducing or eliminating trade in species whose numbers or conditions suggest that further removal from their natural habitat would lead to their extinction. It urges parties not to allow trade in specimen of species included in the CITES Appendices I, II and III with some exception. As the area holds some CITES listed species, this convention is attracted in case of their trade.
Convention on Biological Diversity, 2049 B.S. (1992): It focuses on the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits. It urges parties to introduce appropriate procedures requiring EIA of the proposed projects that are likely to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity.
Convention (No. 169) Concerning Indigenous and Tribal People in Independent Countries, 2046 B.S. (1989A.D): The convention provides right to the indigenous and tribal people to decide their own priorities for the process of development. It mandates participation in formulations of the plan and programs, decision making regarding national development. It safeguards rights of the indigenous people in territories traditionally occupied by them.
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9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 200. The environmental management plan (EMP) is prepared to guide the implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring requirements. It includes institutions and their roles, environmental management activities, environmental management organizational structure and budget for mitigation measures.
9.1. Institutions and their Roles 201. Different institutions involved in the IEEs and EMP implementation and their roles are described in the Table 32:
Table 32: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities Institution Roles Responsibility on the Project National It is the legally mandated to lead As Project EA of EEAP, manages Reconstruction and manage earthquake recovery overall project implementation and Authority (NRA) and reconstruction in Nepal. NRA monitoring, reviews and approves provides strategic guidance to ToR and IEE Report and conduct the identify and address the priorities environmental monitoring from the for recovery and reconstruction. It central level. is authorized to frame rules and working procedures to implement recovery and reconstruction programs. Ministry of It is the Central Level Overall coordination and the Federal Affairs Implementation Unit (CL-PIU) for supervision for implementation of and Local district/rural road component of district/rural road component of Development EEAP. EEAP in the central level. It also (MoFALD) supports the DCCs (DL-PIU) to implement the project activities. Central Supporting consultants at central Technical and management support Implementation level. AF-Iteco Ltd., Switzerland, to NRA/MoFALD on rural/district road Support on behalf of Swiss Agency for component of EEAP including the Consultant Development and Cooperation design specifications and necessary (CISC) (SDC)’s technical assistance has environmental and social safeguard been providing technical supports issues. through the Decentralized Rural Review, comment and forward ToR Infrastructure and Livelihoods for IEE and IEE report to ADB for Project III (DRILP-III) to NRA for concurrence and to NRA for approval the implementation of EEAP. District DCC is project implementing Prepare ToR for IEE and submit for Coordination agency in district (District Level approval to NRA through CISC. Committee Project Implementation Unit/DL- Conduct IEE study, public (DCC) PIU) consultation and prepare IEE report and submit for approval from NRA. Implement IEE and EMP of sub- projects and conduct environmental monitoring and reporting.
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Institution Roles Responsibility on the Project District Project implementation office Responsible for overall activities Technical Office working directly under DCC (DL- related to implementation of the (DTO) PIU) works at field level. Safeguard Desk Safeguard desk will be the focus Responsible for supervising, (Safeguard of all safeguard related issues coordinating, networking, monitoring expert has been and reporting environmental provisioned in safeguard compliances. The desk will PAM) conduct regular monitoring of EMP compliance and record them. Grievance Support in addressing grievances Responsible for addressing Redress caused due to road construction grievances due to road construction Committee related to environment which affects their livelihood. Contractors Road construction work Reconstruction of road and implementation of contractor’s part of environmental responsibility.
202. Framework of environmental management for the proposed activity is depicted in the Figure 7.
National Reconstruction Authority (NRA) ADB and SDC
Earthquake Emergency Community Assistance Project (EEAP) Infrastructure Division
CL-PIU/MoFALD Environment Safeguard Unit, CISC
DL-PIU/DCC/DTO DISC DFO/CFUG
Contractor
Figure 7: Environment Management Organization Structure
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9.2. Reporting and Documentation 203. Work Procedure for Environmental Impact Assessment for Reconstruction of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.) entitles the monitoring responsibilities to the NRA. DL-PIU/DISC will prepare and submit monthly monitoring and implementation reports to the CL-PIU/CISC, who will take follow-up actions if necessary. CL- PIU/CISC will prepare and submit quarterly and semi-annual monitoring and implementation reports to the NRA and ADB. Appendix 11 provides a content outline for monitoring reports.
204. Contract document will categorically include provision of the environmental protection, health and safety, waste management and other environmental mitigation measures identified during the IEE study. It will spell out clearly the measures that will be taken in case on non compliance. This will make them comply with the provisions.
205. The monthly reports will be based on recurrent site inspections and will report on the effectiveness of the mitigation measures;
The Contractor's compliance with the environmental specifications; Measures recommended in the events of non-compliance and Recommendations for any other remedial actions, etc
9.3. Implementation of the Mitigation Measures 206. The proponent will be responsible for the implementation of the mitigation measures proposed in Chapter 7. The detail action plan for activities to be carried out to augment beneficial impacts and reduce/mitigate adverse impact produced from the implementation of the proposal, and the responsible implementing and supporting agencies are provided in environmental management plan is presented in Table 33 and Table 34.
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Table 33: Summary of the Beneficial Impacts and Enhancement Measures
Activity Issues Related beneficial Type of Beneficial augmentation measures Responsible agencies impacts impact
Executing Supporting
agencies agencies
Significanc Impact Extent Duration Magnitude Construction Phase Constructio Employment Employment generation D L ST H Vs No augmentation. Contractor/ CL-PIU/ n of road opportunities of 391,580 persondays 20 05 60 85 The contractor will be encouraged to give priority to local and DL-PIU DISC/ CISC and and Increase in income marginalized people including women in construction works. opportuniti level es Enhancement Increase in income IN L LT M S The workers will be formally and informally oriented about the Contractor/ CL-PIU/ of technical generating activities and 20 20 20 60 specific requirements for climate and disaster resilience. DL-PIU DISC/ CISC skill employment opportunities Increased Increase in income level IN L ST M S Priority to local markets and local products Contractor/ CL-PIU/ trade and of non-worker 20 05 20 45 DL-PIU DISC/ CISC business opportunities Operation stage Operation Improved Safe travel, Improve D L LT H Vs Regular inspection and maintenance and bioengineering. Contractor/ DL-PIU/ CL- of road accessibility accessibility, saving of 20 20 60 10 Allocation of budget for regular inspection and maintenance of DL-PIU PIU travel time and cost 0 the road. Access over Easier access to D R LT Mo Vs Timely implementation of the project DCC/DTO DL-PIU/ CL- public educational institutions, 60 20 20 10 Regular maintenance of the road PIU services and health institutions, 0 Facilitate the fair price transportation of agricultural and other basic utilities religious places etc. day to day consumables in ZoI Benefit of Appreciation of land IN L LT Mo S RoW encroached will be observed along with awareness to DCC/DTO DL-PIU/ CL- increased land value and local benefit 20 20 20 60 local PIU value by improvement of local Promotion of land development and land use planning along economy the road corridor and other local areas
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Activity Issues Related beneficial Type of Beneficial augmentation measures Responsible agencies impacts impact
Executing Supporting
agencies agencies
Significanc Impact Extent Duration Magnitude Women Empowering women in IN L LT H Vs Preparation and implementation of GESI Action Plan DL-PIU/ CL-PIU/ empowerment road maintenance and 20 20 60 10 Assist to organize women groups, provide training in social DISC/ CISC othe farm and of farm 0 mobilization. A cost of 100,000.00. has been allocated. NGOs/ activities Community Conservation Conservation of overall IN L LT H Vs Environmental awareness programmes. A cost of 250,000.00. DL-PIU/ CL-PIU/ and environment 20 20 60 10 has been allocated. DISC/ CISC environmental 0 NGOs awareness Promotion of Influx of tourist due to IN L LT Mo S Awareness training. DCC/NGOs CL-PIU/ Tourism easy access and 20 20 20 60 Tourism management training like cookery and homestay CISC/ NTB addition o livelihood management. A cost of 150,000.00. has been allocated. option.
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Table 34: Summary of Adverse Impact Prediction and Mitigation Measures
Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible agencies Impacts impacts
Executing Monitoring agencies agencies
Significance Impact nature Extent Duration Magnitude Pre- construction Project Process Inappropriate alignment, D L ST H Vs The road design will follow the standard methods. DCC DL-PIU/ CL- Planning and quarry sites and burrow 20 5 60 85 All provision proposed in the EMP of IEE document will be PIU/ NRA and design reliability of pits etc., encroachment properly reflected in the design. detail of sensitive area survey and design Land and Loss of Change of existing land D Ss LT M S Appropriate compensation will be provided to the land and Contractor/ DL-PIU/ CL- the Property 2.98 ha of to the permanent 10 20 o 50 property title holder for private land, private structures and DCC PIU/ NRA Acquisition private land structure and difficulties 20 private trees. (NRs 2,98,777.28 and 1,440,000.00 for in livelihood structure) After dismantling the construction camp and other facilities, original land will be rehabilitated. Construction Phase Socio-economic and Cultural Environmental Impacts Construction Loss of Impact on food security D Ss LT M S Appropriate compensation will be provided to the land and Contractor/ DL-PIU/ CL- of road 2.98 ha of and financial stability of 10 20 o 50 property title holder. DCC PIU/ NRA agricultural the dependent 20 Compensation for standing corps ( NRs 65,094) land and its households production Construction Impact on Pressure on social D Ss ST H Vs Provision of basic utilities within camp perimeter Contractor/ DL-PIU/ CL- of road the social service facilities like 10 10 60 80 Building consensus with local people for using community DCC PIU/ NRA services water supply, Damage infrastructures and resources and of irrigation canals Any damage to existing road in project location like community formation of ditches shall be controlled and rehabilitated.
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Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible agencies Impacts impacts
Executing Monitoring agencies agencies
Significance Impact nature Extent Duration Magnitude infrastructur Crossings will be provisioned for irrigation canals (34 nos.) e and rehabilitation will be done in case of damage. Construction Occupation Exposure of D L ST H Vs Safety arrangements like provision of First Aid Kit Box and Contractor/ DL-PIU/ CL- force and Health and construction workforce 20 05 60 85 standby medicine for workforce during working period and DCC PIU/ NRA occupational Safety to related health risks emergency. safety measures and hazards due to Provision of PPE like helmet, boots, globe, mask and safety operation of machines & belts etc. construction work, Provision of temporary drinking water and toilets in the improper sanitation etc. construction camps. Use of sigposts, barriers and guards to restrict unauthorized entry. Group accidental insurance Construction Communica Impact on health of ID R LT M Vs Regular health check-up in the construction camp. Contractor/ DL-PIU/ CL- force and ble locals and construction 60 20 o 10 Awareness using pamphlets boards and browsers. DCC PIU/ NRA communicab diseases workers due to 20 0 Encouragement to keep the camp clean and tidy. le diseases proximity to infected person, Sexual contacts and proliferation of HIV/AIDs and STDs Operation of Conflict Conflict during work due D L ST Lo In Informing worker about general norms and values of local Contractor/ DL-PIU/ CL- construction between to distinct thought and 20 05 10 35 community; instructing them to respect local culture and DCC PIU/ NRA camp locals and cultural perception; tradition with humility. outside alcoholism and Job opportunities to local people will be maximized. workers gambling. Discouraging gambling and alcoholism.
Construction Gender Discrimination in D L ST M S Enforcement of non-discriminatory policy Contractor/ DL-PIU/ CL-
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Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible agencies Impacts impacts
Executing Monitoring agencies agencies
Significance Impact nature Extent Duration Magnitude activity, discriminati wage/salary distribution 20 05 o 45 Positive discrimination, empowerment and social DCC PIU/ NRA wage and on 20 mobilization; related trainings/programs female participation Physical Environmental Impacts Construction Change in Present land structure D Ss LT H Vs Roadside plantation of trees will be done to increase Contractor/ DL-PIU/ CL- activity Land Use will permanently change 10 20 60 90 greenery in the area. DCC PIU/ NRA Pattern During re-vegetation, local species identified during the survey will be used. Quarry of Sediment Impacts on the river and D Ss ST Lo In Proper drainage arrangement in stockpile area; Contractor/ DL-PIU/ CL- construction load in river its biota by enhanced 10 05 10 35 Immediate clearance of the river path in case of blockade; DCC PIU/ NRA aggregates water soil erosion Minimal cut and fill approach Excavation Stock piling, Impact on the local D Ss ST M In Material will be stockpiled at fallow land and will be covered. Contractor/ DL-PIU/ CL- and spoil/waste ecology by cement, soil 10 05 o 35 Proper drainage will be arranged around the stockpile area. DCC PIU/ NRA Storage of disposal, and excavated 20 Floodways, natural drainage paths, water bodies, farmlands construction Transport of materials on water and will be avoided. materials construction others resources Sustainable collection of river bed materials whenever materials required, Excavated materials will be used for filling works. Construction Quarrying Impacts due to quarry D Ss ST H Vs Sediments derived from the excavation will be used for Contractor/ DCC/DL-PIU/ activity, and site operation, river 10 05 60 75 backfilling. DCC CL-PIU/ NRA Quarrying & extraction bank cutting, change in Coarse aggregates and sand will be obtained from burrow pits of river bed river regime and rising designated and approved quarries and borrow areas that during material Water pollution due to have already taken environmental clearances (if such sites construction unfriendly management are available). phase practices of quarries Unstable sites, erosion prone areas, dense forest areas,
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Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible agencies Impacts impacts
Executing Monitoring agencies agencies
Significance Impact nature Extent Duration Magnitude and spoils settlements and fertile farm land will be avoided for quarry operation. Stones and boulders will be collected from the environmentally suitable and legally recognized quarry sites. After the extraction is completed, the quarry site will be rehabilitated to suit the local landscape. The materials to be transported will be covered by plastic sheets. Arrangements will be made in trippers to arrest water dripping from the materials. Construction Impacts on Introduction of fugitive D Ss ST M In Construction equipments and vehicles will be regularly Contractor/ DL-PIU/ CL- work :Air, air quality and combustion 10 05 o 35 examined and maintained in proper condition. DCC PIU/ NRA Water and due to emissions, dust (PM10) 20 Water will be sprinkled at major settlements along the road Noise operation of and smoke, etc. and its at least two times a day during peak construction. pollution equipments impact on workers, local Construction materials will be properly covered during and people and vegetation conveyance. vehicles Impact on Mixing of pollutants like D L ST M S Ensuring safe storage and wise use of chemicals to prevent ground turbidity, fecal 20 05 o 45 spillage; water contamination, oil and 20 Avoiding the disposal of excavated materials in or near water quality grease and other bodies; inorganic and organic Discouraging open urination and defecation and construction wastes resulting of toilets in camp sites. pollution of water body. Impact of Health of local people D L ST Lo S Construction equipments will be maintained in proper noise from and worker 20 05 20 45 condition by applying grease and lubricants. operation of Sound producing equipments will be preferred to use only in
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Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible agencies Impacts impacts
Executing Monitoring agencies agencies
Significance Impact nature Extent Duration Magnitude equipments day time. and Earplug will be provided to the worker involved in equipment vehicles operations.
Construction Impact due Synthetic materials, D Ss ST H Vs Segregation of solid waste at source; Contractor/ DL-PIU/ CL- work and to solid construction and 10 05 60 75 Composting degradable waste; DCC PIU Solid waste waste domestic wastes reduce Separate collection and storage arrangements and that too generation generation land and water quality, far from waterway; aesthetics impacting on Selling sellable wastes like metals, bottles, drums, etc. human and environmental health Contractor Pollution Encroachment of forest, D Ss ST H Vs Use of local labours will avoid the chance of campsite Contractor/ DL-PIU/ CL- camp and impact agriculture land, solid 10 05 60 75 management. DCC PIU/ NRA establishme due to waste, and waste water If it is indispensable to establish camps, they will be sited nt location of may cause pollution away from productive lands and forest areas. camp sites Respectable compensation will be paid for using private farm or lands for storage or camp. The camp and storage sites will be properly cleaned, reinstated and handedover to the respective owner followed by receiving necessary clearance from the owner. Toilet, water and other basic facilities will be provided to workers. Labor camp will have room with proper ventilation and natural light, safe drinkable water, mosquito net, sanitary facility, and solid waste management. Appropriate camp sites have been identified at Ch 4+100, Ch 13+500, Ch 19+900, 26+300 and Ch 36+900.
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Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible agencies Impacts impacts
Executing Monitoring agencies agencies
Significance Impact nature Extent Duration Magnitude Biological Environment Impacts Site clearing Impact on Loss of forest and ID L ST M S Maximization of local employment for the project Contractor/ DFO/CFUG/ for forest and vegetation due to site 20 05 o 45 development. DCC DCC/ DTO construction vegetation clearance , exploitation 20 Provision of LPG or kerosene for labor and engineer camp. activity by workforce Workers will be made aware about the importance of conservation and restricted activities. Plantation of trees 2,625 (@1:25) of suitable type for compensatory plantation (NRs. 412,518.75) Construction Impacts on Hunting and poaching ID L ST M S Prohibiting construction crew from hunting and poaching Contractor DFO/CFUG/D work, rare, by workforce; road 20 05 o 45 Enforcing speed limit and traffic regulation for transport /CFUG L-PIU vehicle endangered collision and fatal injury 20 vehicles Maximizing numbers of locals in construction crew movement , threatened to wildlife and death; Putting restriction on the use of wildlife meat in the on wildlife and disturbance to wildlife construction camps and treating breaching as punishable distribution endemic due to movement of offense. A hoarding board will be placed at sensitive sites species vehicles (Ch 0+080, 16+800, 19+500, 24+100 and 30+050 where the road passes along the forest areas) to aware workers and locals alike on importance of wildlife and conservation. Operation Phase Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment Impacts Operation of Ribbon Development of Ribbon ID Ss LT H Vs Appropriate planning and enforcement of law; DCC/VDC CDO/ DCC road settlement settlement and 10 20 60 90 Road side plantations of trees will be done in the RoW to along the Encroachment of RoW, prevent possible encroachment. project increased accidents, alignment delay in traffic movement
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Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible agencies Impacts impacts
Executing Monitoring agencies agencies
Significance Impact nature Extent Duration Magnitude Use of road Road safety Chances of road D Ss LT M Vs Awareness by signboards and traffic signs at critical places; Local DCC issues accidents in the turnings 10 20 o 50 Adopting 3Es: Engineering, Enforcement and Education. people and of the Road and Loss of 20 drivers life and property Biological Impacts Operation of Encroachm Destruction due to spoil ID Ss LT M Vs Awareness raising programmes to educate local people and Local DFO/CFUG/D road ent and and runoff; Illegal 10 20 o 50 providing support to locals for the conservation of forests people CC Forest cutting of trees because 20 Hoarding board for awareness (NRs 200000) Depletion of access Physical Environment Operation of Slope Slope instability at D Ss LT M S Bio-engineering works to control the slides and retain the DL-PIU/ CL-PIU/ DL- road stability and Chianages Ch 4+360 to 10 20 o 50 slopes. Contractor PIU/ DCC Drainage 4+380, Ch 6+600 to 20 Rill and gully formations will be regularly monitored and manageme 6+660, Ch 36+980 to immediately fixed at critical areas. nt 37+160, Ch 37+840 to Repair and maintenance of the slope protection measures 37+940 and Ch 38+340 and drainage to 38+480 Minor landslide and mass wasting will be immediately cleared and slope restored with appropriate technology (bioengineering). Soil conservation will be promoted in the RoW and vulnerable areas beyond the road alignment. Causeways (11) RCC Slab Culverts (1) and Pipe Culverts (67) will be placed to maintain cross drainage at places and allow passage of runoff. Operation of Impact due Dust, smoke, noise D Ss LT Lo In Signboards restricting the use of horns will be erected near Local DCC vehicle to Air, Water level, due to vehicle 10 20 10 40 health posts, schools and settlements. people/
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Activity Issues Related adverse Type of Mitigation measures Responsible agencies Impacts impacts
Executing Monitoring agencies agencies
Significance Impact nature Extent Duration Magnitude and Noise movement and Water Plantation will be done near the settlement around school RMs pollution pollution due to vehicle and health post to act as dust and noise barrier. washing Vehicle washing in natural streams will be discouraged.
Note: D= Direct; ID = Indirect, S= Site Specific; L = Local, R = Regional; ST= Short Term, NA = Not Applicable of No Impact, MT = Medium Term, LT = Long Term; Lo = Low, Mo = Moderate, H = High, I=Insignificant, S=Significant, Vs=Very Significant, Hs=Highly Significant
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9.4. Matter to be monitored while implementing the Proposal 207. Monitoring of the implementation of environmental protection measures provides a basis for logical comparison for the predicted and actual impacts of a proposal. Environmental monitoring will involve the systematic collection of data to determine the actual environmental impacts of the sub-project, compliance of the sub-project with regulatory standards, and the degree of implementation and effectiveness of the environmental protection. Monitoring will be an integral part of the implementation of the mitigation measures during project construction, and will generate important information. It will improve the quality of sub-project implementation.
208. The Work Procedure for Environmental Impact Assessment for Reconstruction of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.) requires a monitoring plan and indicators, schedules and responsibility be identified in the IEE report. The National EIA Guidelines for the Forestry sector, 1995 has proposed three stages of the monitoring i.e. baseline monitoring, compliance monitoring and impact monitoring.
9.4.1. Baseline Monitoring 209. Baseline monitoring aims to determine the baseline condition of the environmental resources. It is carried out if significant time elapse between preparation of the IEE report and the construction stage or change in the environmental quality is noticeable. This project will proceed for the immediate construction after the approval of this IEE report and hence baseline monitoring is not necessary.
9.4.2. Compliance Monitoring 210. Compliance monitoring is essential in order to ensure that environmental protection measures recommended by this study and other requirements set forth during the approval of the sub-project are complied with. This monitoring is not concerned with determining the actual effect of the sub-project activities on the environment.
211. The proponent will ensure compliance of activities such as; inclusion of mitigation measures in the design and tender documents, budget allocation for mitigation measures and monitoring, compensation arrangements and other compliances spoil disposal, storage sites, arrangement of construction activities etc.
9.4.3. Impact Monitoring 212. This monitoring detects environmental changes and estimates inherent variation within the environment, establishes long term trends in the natural system, and derives conclusion by making comparison against standard or targets.
213. Impact monitoring is generally carried out to access the effectiveness of the environmental mitigation measures and provides the actual level of the impact in the field. Hence, an impact monitoring evaluation study is proposed by the end of project construction phase or within 2 years of the project implementation. Impact monitoring will focus on the each predicted impact and effectiveness of environmental protection measures.
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9.5. Monitoring Indicator 214. These would be based on the level of site-specific information or existing data series and impacts prediction. Efforts have been made to make the indicators measurable and diagnostic with low natural variability and broad applicability. In this context, the following physical, biological and social indicators will be monitored during the construction and operational stages of the sub-project.
9.5.1. Pre-Construction Phase 215. Pre-construction phase monitoring is aimed at ensuring that the environmental and social safeguard considerations are adequately incorporated in the Project design and that the respective clauses to address the identified impacts are sufficiently included in the specifications and work contracts.
9.5.2. Construction Phase 216. In this phase the monitoring focuses on impacts on the environmental and social setting caused by the ongoing sub-project. This monitoring checks compliance with the practices, norms, standards and technical solutions prescribed in the design and in the EMP. The specific monitoring tasks will include the following activities:
Verify and quantify the ongoing slope protection measures, and propose rectifying measures as needed; Verify and quantify the ongoing activities in quarry operations and propose rectifying measures as needed; Verify and quantify the ongoing/completed tree felling actions; Verify and quantify the course of any environmental degradation caused by the sub- project activities, their likely consequences, and propose corrective measures, including identification of the responsibilities and costs; Verify and quantify the effects of disposal of spoil and construction wastes and their consequences; Verify and quantify the effects of disruption of natural water courses, drainage network, and their consequences; Monitor by utilizing structured checklists and questionnaires, the contractor’s full compliance with the occupational health and safety regulations for the work staff; Verify and quantify the effects of losses in wildlife, degradation of forests, illegal extraction of forest products, hunting, wildlife trade and disturbance to wildlife; Identify and assess the environmental implications on the people’s status of knowledge and awareness in relation to ongoing awareness campaigns; Verify and quantify losses/damage to private property and community facilities; Verify and quantify losses/damage to cultural properties; Explore mechanisms to stipulate strict application of the EMP and identify consequences to be borne by the contractors in case of non-compliance.
9.5.3. Operation Phase 217. The specific monitoring tasks in this phase will include the followings:
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Assess changes in land-use patterns, development of cottage industries, services and demographic composition that may be caused by the road development; Verify and quantify the occurrence of ribbon development, resulting in encroachment and hindrance of traffic on the road; Verify all activities for decommissioning work sites and construction to their former functional stage, as applicable. This refers also propose rectifying measures as needed. Verify and quantify the adequacy of the executed bio-engineering works for slope protection and erosion control; Verify and quantify the adequacy of the drainage structures, functionality of these structures, shortcomings in maintenance, and possible effects on private and communal lands, as well as on aquatic resources; Verify and quantify the course of any environmental degradation caused by Project activities, their likely consequences, and propose corrective measures, including the identification of responsibilities and costs; Verify and quantify the effects of disruption of natural water courses, drainage work, and their consequences; Verify and quantify the effects of losses in wildlife, degradation of forests, illegal extraction of forest products, hunting, wildlife trade and disturbance to wildlife.
9.6. Monitoring Indicators 218. Monitoring will be carried out in a transparent and credible manner by using established indicators. To ensure that the monitored parameters are replicable, i.e. they do not depend on the person or specific methodology used, the selected indicators are easy to be verified and controlled by the agencies where the final monitoring and supervision responsibility remains.
219. Use of standard checklists and formats is sought to be used by the monitoring staff both for site surveys and in the subsequent reports. Much of the monitoring is related to quantifying the observed impacts, and to verify the nature and extent of impacts, photographs, parameter tests, collect local accounts of stakeholders and technical experts. The monitoring will also include specific cause-effect analyses for the impacts observed. Following Table 35 specifies the set of verifiable indicators that will be used for monitoring.
Table 35: Monitoring Indicators Selected for this IEE
Monitored Sector Parameters Selected for Monitoring . Number, location and extent of slope failures Soils, Landslides, Erosion, Waste . Cause analysis for slope failure natural/man-made management Sites . Area (ha.) of land, forest and properties affected . Number and extent of gully erosions and pavement failures . Suitability of corrective/bio-engineering measures . Sites and suitability for safe disposal of wastes and garbage . Number and plant species selected for bio- Bio-engineering engineering, disaggregated by protective function
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Monitored Sector Parameters Selected for Monitoring . Blockage of waterways - extent and secondary Water Pollution, Water impacts Resources and their uses . Water pollution incidents due to unsafe disposal of waste and spoil . Damage to farm lands . Assessment of noise level in site by direct Air and Noise Level in relation to observation and interview with stakeholders traffic volume . Visual assessment of dust development at selected sites/sensitive spots and interview with local stakeholders . Traffic volume measurements . Number and type of road accidents recorded in the Road Safety Traffic Police and in local health service centers . Suitability of local road signs . Nos and extent of road accidents inflicting wildlife Wildlife/ Habitat Disturbance & . DFO records of illegal timber extraction and wildlife Impacts on Forest Resources trade . Observations and handling of invasive species. . Number and extent of new settlements /types and Socio-economic Development ethnic groups near Road . Number and extent of new businesses . Number and extent of new services and utilities . Number of HHs resettled Resettled Households and . Income situation and opportunities for the resettlers livelihood restoration . Verification of compensation and assistance to resettlers . Number /schedule of campaigns and number of Community awareness beneficiaries programmes relating to . Revision of training agenda & information material environment protection and . Number of beneficiaries having received awareness avoidance of social conflicts training
220. The following Table 36 identifies the specific compliance monitoring activities. Phase-wise/chronological details are provided for the methods, schedules, responsible implementing agency and the responsible monitoring agency. The compliance monitoring refers primarily to the pre-construction and construction stage of the project. Table 37 details the impact and effect monitoring activities envisaged for this sub-project.
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Table 36: Compliance Monitoring of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project
Parameters/Provisions Implementation Verifiable Indicator Verification Frequency Responsible for Compliance Responsibility Methods /Time Monitoring authority Final site selection as Consultant Incorporation of the IEE/EMP Review of revised Initial stage of DISC/DCC/DTO/ per IEE/EMP recommendations to the design document surveying MoFALD/NRA recommendation designing document and field verification. Site selection and Contractors Project arrangement for the Review of the design Once during DCC/MoFALD/CDO preparation of materials storage and the and construction construction construction logistics construction activities planning documents period Land and property DL-PIU Cadastral records, land and Review and Initial stage DTO/DCC acquisition and properties acquisition verification of pre- compensation procedures; verification reports, photos; geo- construction report referencing phase Use of the local labours/ Contractors Specification which obligate Review of contract Trimester DTO/DCC particularly vulnerable the contractors to observe specifications; during groups and women certain quotas for employing records of workers, construction local labour, especially attendance; period vulnerable groups , and payments made to women, use of child-labour workers followed by interview. Awareness and job Contractors Training programmes for the Review of records of Once before DTO/DCC training on the road skill development, OHS and training construction construction to the environmental protection programmes, technicians and the associated with the road reports, and locally employed construction work documents with laborers feedback from the participant; Review
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Parameters/Provisions Implementation Verifiable Indicator Verification Frequency Responsible for Compliance Responsibility Methods /Time Monitoring authority of attendance records Compliance to Contractors Health and safety regulations, Spot checklist at the Trimester DTO/DCC occupational health first aid and medical work sites, photo, during safety measures arrangement, contingency accident record, construction plan, number and type of the interviews period safety equipment, mask, helmet. glove and safety belt Compliance to Contractors Arrangement specified in the Review of related Trimester DTO/DCC environmental code of the practice and logs and codes during protection measures, manuals relating to the along with site construction including pollution environmental protection, inspection, period prevention, water and records and the observation discussion with the spoil management, pollution, waste management, project slope stabilization, spoil deposit management, landfill, waste consultants and the management local people. Review of air quality and noise level measurement and water quality test reports. Measures to protect Contractors Dust level and noise level at Review of noise Trimester DTO/DCC/DFO environment from air work sites, major settlements measurement during and noise pollution and sensitive spots like health records, Observation construction centers and private spots of good construction period
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Parameters/Provisions Implementation Verifiable Indicator Verification Frequency Responsible for Compliance Responsibility Methods /Time Monitoring authority practices and discussion with residents and workers Measure to protect Contractors Dust level and the noise level Review of water Trimester DTO/DCC/DFO water body from at the work site, major quality check during pollution settlements and the sensitive records. Observation construction spot like health centre and of the good period schools construction practices and discussion with residents and workers Grievance Redress Contractor/DLPIU/ Project arrangements for the No of complaints and During DCC/DTO Mechanism DISU/ affected people's concerns grievances record construction CLPIU/CISC and grievances about the projects environmental and social performance Measures to avoid DLPIU/DTO/DISC Use of firewood or fossil fuel Inspection, interview Once a DTO/DCC/DFO/CFUGs pressure on forest and by construction crew, events with local people month during wildlife of hunting and poaching of construction wildlife Restoration, Contractors Continued service by the Site observation, Once at the DTO/DCC rehabilitation, facilities and functional public RM/DCC records end of reconstruction of all the life public consultation construction infrastructure, service meeting, photos
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Parameters/Provisions Implementation Verifiable Indicator Verification Frequency Responsible for Compliance Responsibility Methods /Time Monitoring authority disrupted or damaged by the proposal activities Adequate technical and CL-PIU/DCC/ Adequate number of Review of records of Trimester DTO/DCC the environmental DTO/CISC/ technicians regularly at site number and type of during supervision technician available construction at site, Skill of work period carried out. Clean up and Contractors Decommissioned site indicate Review of clearance Once at the DTO/DCC reinstatement of the no adverse/residual from the owners; end of construction sites environmental impacts and Site observation, construction (camps, quarries, are rehabilated to the Comparing Photos, burrow pits) satisfication of supervisor and Consulting to owner land owner or local community
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Table 37: Impact Monitoring of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-project Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification Location Schedule Responsible /Indicator Methods Implementation and Monitoring Agency Slope stability Inclination, slope failures, Site observation, Near steep slopes Continuously DL-PIU/NRA during and causes; drainage facilities such photos and at landslide during construction; erosion as catch drain, side drains and discussion with areas and sites construction and DCC/DSCO during functionality of cross drainage people and operation operation structures; fresh gullies and technicians erosion; success/failure of bio- engineering solutions Quarrying of Changes in the river regimes, Site observation, Quarry sites areas Trimester during DISC/DCC/DTO aggregates Bank cutting and loss of photos, discussion construction agricultural land with the local people Bio-engineering Re-vegetation through bio- Site observation; Cut slope area, During and at DISC/DCC/DTO of disturbed engineering application on inspection of nursery where vegetation is the end of Sub- slopes disturbed slope; establishment of and its production cleared; project nursery rate, nursery sites construction photos, measurements Disposal of Affected aesthetic value, affected Site observation and At specific locations During DISC/DCC/DTO spoils and forest and agriculture land, interviews, photos, where such sites construction construction initiated land erosion by local geo-referencing sites occur wastes blocked drainage, hazard to downhill slope residents and agricultural lands Loss or Status of road side land; Observation, data Road side land and During DISC/DCC/DTO degradation of production/yield; collection and houses construction farmland, status of road side houses; status analysis and houses and of standing crop along alignment interview with
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Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification Location Schedule Responsible /Indicator Methods Implementation and Monitoring Agency properties stakeholders Water quality Observation of open defecation Visual observation Local streams During DISC/DCC/DTO and waste disposal around water construction; sources near construction sites upon demand for testing with field kit Air quality Dust level in ambient air Visual inspection At construction sites During DISC/DCC/DTO and at sensitive construction spots Forest and Numbers of trees, presence of Observations, In and around the During DFO/DCC/DTO/ vegetation ground vegetation, signs of illicit DFO/CFUGs construction sites, construction and DISC/CFUGs logging and extraction of NTFPs records, photos markets Operation Wildlife Wildlife hunting and poaching by Interview with local Forest areas at Twice a year DFO/DCC/DTO/ workforce, trade of wildlife, road people/CFUGs/DFO roadside during DISC/CFUGs accidents inflicting wildlife and construction and observations routine during operation Change in Numbers of people employed by Records kept by the Sub-project area Trimester during DISC/DCC/DTO economy the project during construction, project management, construction numbers of women in work discussion with phase forces stakeholders Trade and Numbers of shops increased or Records, interviews, Throughout sub- Once in a year DISC/DCC/DTO/RM commerce decreased, rental of houses and observations, photos project area land spaces Occupational Type and number of accident Observations, Throughout sub- During DCC/DTO/DISC safety and occurred during construction; photos, spotchecks, project area construction hazard adequacy of occupational safety contractors and
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Parameters Verifiable Indicators Verification Location Schedule Responsible /Indicator Methods Implementation and Monitoring Agency measured provided; health centre records compensation provided in case of interview with fatal accidents workers Change in Number and extent of new Observations, Throughout sub- During operation DCC/RM socio-economic settlements/types and ethnic interview with local project area structure groups; nos. and extent of new people, DCC, Police businesses; nos and extent of and RM records new services and utilities, social conflicts Acess to social Increase in number of people Records, interviews Project area During operation DCC/RM services receiving social service facilities (Schools, health post) Enhancement of Change in transportation cost Records, interviews Project area During operation DCC/RM transportation and time services Change in Change in number of porters and Interviews with local Project area During operation DCC/RM livelihood their livelihoods, change in people, observation pattern occupational status and FGDs with local community Ribbon Congestions to road users and Records, Throughout sub During operation DCC/Local settlement nos. of accidents, RoW observations project area administration encroachment
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9.7. Cost of Mitigation and Enhancement 221. Various activities of mitigation measures such as slope stabilization, quarry site management, spoil disposal, supply of the masks, helmets, ear mufflers, accidental insurances, slope retention and toe wall protection, spoil disposal, relocation of utilities, etc. have been incorporated in the design and cost estimates. Therefore, most of the mitigation measure suggested would be a part of the road design and construction without additional cost. The estimate of the environmental cost of the sub-project has been itemized in Table 38. All proposed mitigation measures will be an integral part of the project design during reconstruction and operation phases. The cost for environmental mitigation measures and benefit augmentation is NRs. 13,520,898.18 where NRs. 12,058,379.43 is allocated within civil work cost and 1,462,518.75 will be in addition to civil work cost.
Table 38: Estimate of Environmental Cost of the Sub-Project SN Particulars Amount (NRs.) 1 Environmental Management Cost 1.1 Environmental/conservation awareness program 250,000.00 1.2 Tourism promotion awareness (A three days homestay management 150,000.00 training to 15 people from project area) 1.3 Hoarding boards at road site (4 places) for awareness about 200,000.00 important wildlife and their conservation. 1.4 Compensatory plantation & protection cost for trees on CF 412518.75 1.5 Roadside plantation 200,000.00 1.6 Solidwaste collection bins 50,000.00 1.7 Environmental monitoring cost 200,000.00 Sub-total (I) 1,462,518.75 2 Other environmental cost (included in civil works cost also) 2.1 Contractor's workmen and employees and third party insurance 900,000.00 against damage to other persons and property (Ref Appendix 9, item 1.1) 2.2 Relocation of Utilities (water supply and telephone poles) (Ref 300,000.00 Appendix 9, item 1.4) 2.3 Maintenance of existing road, providing and maintaining traffic 38,000.00 safety, control measures and temporary diversions during construction including water spraying thrice a week to avoid dust pollution. (Ref Appendix 9, item 1.5) 2.4 Labour camp maintenance (Ref Appendix 9, item 1.7) 20,000.00 2.5 Environmental Mitigation Works (Ref Appendix 9, item 1.9) 300,000.00 2.6 Social Compliance and Safeguard (Ref Appendix 9, item 1.10) 150,000.00 2.7 Spoil Disposal 4,810,498.03 2.8 Bioengineering and landslide retention (Ref Appendix 9, item 7) 5,188,738.62 2.9 Installation of traffic signals (Ref Appendix 9, item 6.4) 351,142.78 Sub-total II 12,058,379.43 Total EMP Cost 13,520,898.18
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9.8. Costs of Environmental Monitoring 222. Monitoring is an integral part of the project in finding the unlikely impacts and implement corrective measures for them. The proponent will develop in-built monitoring mechanism to show its additional commitment for environmental improvement and mitigate undesirable changes, if any during construction and operation stage. District Level Implementation Team in district and Environmental specialist for EEAP will conduct environmental monitoring with the support of DCC/DTO.
223. According to the Work Procedure for Environmental Impact Assessment for Reconstruction of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2072 B.S. (2016 A.D.), the NRA is responsible for the monitoring and evaluation of identified impacts during implementation of the project. CL-PIU(MoFALD) and DL-PIU (DCC/DTO) will make arrangements for the project level monitoring. Beside this, it is recommended that an external team hired by NRA will take the responsibility for the monitoring. In addition, regular supervision and guidance will be also provided by the CISC. At least one monitoring in each construction season is necessary. The reporting requirement has been discussed in the preceeding section. Total cost of environmental monitoring (professional fees, transportation and visit and report preparation) is estimated NRs. 200,000 and is presented in Table 39.
Table 39: Estimated Cost for Environmental Monitoring
Manpower requirement Duration (days) Rate Amount (NRs) (NRs) Team Leader/Environmental Specialist 5 4,000 20,000 Engineer 3 3,000 9,000 Forestry expert 3 3,000 9,000 Socio-economist 3 3,000 9,000 Support staff 3 1000 3,000 Transportation cost LS 25,000 Report preparation LS 25,000 Central level monitoring LS 100,000 Total 200,000
9.9. Grievance Redress Mechanism 224. Four levels of grievance redress mechanism (GRM) have been sought in order to resolve complaints related to sub-projects in timely and satisfactory manner and preferably at the local level through a process of conciliation; and, if that is not possible, to provide clear and transparent procedures for appeal. All affected persons will be informed about their rights, and the detailed grievance redress procedures will be publicized through an effective public information campaign.
9.9.1. First level of GRM 225. The contractors, and design and supervision consultants on site are the most immediate and accessible and thus responsible party to hear and address the grievances.
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Prior to construction works, the CL-PIU and DL-PIU will ensure local community meetings are held to notify local residents of the sub-project activities and their possible implications. If any complaints arise, the contractors, consultants, and DL-PIU will immediately resolve the complaint on site if it falls within their scope or jurisdiction. The CL-PIU can also be involved in grievance redress at this stage. The CL-PIU and DL-PIU office phone number will be posted in public areas within the sub-project areas and construction sites. Any person with a grievance related to the sub-project can contact the project to file a complaint. The DL-PIU offices will have a safeguards focal person to resolve complaints. The safeguards focal person will document the complaint, and immediately address and resolve the issue with the contractor within 1-2 days, if the complaint remains unresolved at the field level. The DL-PIU may seek assistance of the consultant safeguards specialists (the environmental specialist or social safeguards specialist) to resolve the issue. The DL-PIU safeguards focal person will notify the CL-PIU safeguards focal person about the receipt of the complaint, and whether it was resolved. The DL-PIU safeguards focal person will document the following information: (i) name of the person; (ii) date complaint was received; (iii) nature of complaint; (iv) location, and (v) how the complaint was resolved.
9.9.2. Second level of GRM 226. If the grievance remains unresolved, the DL-PIU will forward the complaint to the CL- PIU safeguards focal person notifying the person filing the grievance. The CL-PIU will address the grievance through continuous interactions with affected persons. Corrective measures will be undertaken at the field level by the CL-PIU safeguards focal person within 7 days. He/she will document the following information: (i) name of the person; (ii) date complaint was received; (iii) nature of complaint; (iv) location and (v) how the complaint was resolved.
9.9.3. Third level of GRM 227. Third level of GRM involves a Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) to address the complaints that could not be resolved by the CL-PIU. It is constituted by the EA and will, based on review of the grievances, address them in consultation with the NRA, CL-PIU, DL- PIU, and affected persons. The GRC will consist of at least five members including NRA leadership, affected persons, and stakeholder representative and others nominated to provide impartial, balanced views on any issues. A hearing will be called at the GRC, if necessary, where the affected person can present his/her concern and issues. The process will promote conflict resolution through mediation. The GRC will meet as necessary when there are grievances to be addressed. The GRC will suggest corrective measures at the field level and assign clear responsibilities for implementing its decision within 15 days. The functions of the GRC are: (i) to provide support to affected persons on problems arising from environmental or social disruption, asset acquisition (where required), and eligibility for entitlements, compensation, and assistance; (ii) to record grievances of affected persons, categorize and prioritize them, and provide solutions within 15 days; and (iii) to report to the aggrieved parties developments regarding their grievances and decisions of the GRC. The safeguards focal person will be responsible for processing and placing all papers before the GRC, recording decisions, issuing minutes of the meetings, and taking follow-up action to see that formal orders are issued and the decisions carried out.
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9.9.4. Fourth level of GRM 228. If the grievance is not addressed by all the above mechanisms, the affected person can seek legal redress in the formal legal court system. The GRM however does not prevent affected persons from seeking legal redress at any time. The grievance redress mechanism and procedure is depicted in Figure 8.
1st Level Grievances Contractor, 1-2 days Grievances DL-PIU Redressed
Not Redressed
2nd Level Grievances CL-PIU 7days Grievances Redressed
Not Redressed
3rd Level Grievances GRC 15 days Grievances
Redressed
Not Redressed
th 4 Level Grievances Higher Authority/Court of Law
Figure 8: Grievance Redress Mechanism as Per EARF of EEAP
9.9.5. Procedure for Grievances Handling as Per National Law 229. The Work Procedure for Management of Grievance related to Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, 2016 framed under the Reconstruction of Earthquake Affected Structures Act, 2015 has defined four mechanisms for grievance management which are listed below in order of ascending hierarchy:
Local (Rural Municipality/Municipality Ward) Level Grievance Redress Committee coordinated by the head of the adminsistrative unit. District Level (District Administration Office (DAO)/DCC) Level Grievance Redress Committee headed or coordinated by Chief District Officer (CDO). Sub-regional Office of NRA NRA coordinated by the committee member deployed by Executive Committee.
230. Complaints or greivances are received at the local level grievance redress committee which will record and categorize them according to their subject. The grievances that cannot be redressed by the local level committee are passed on to district level committee within 15
100 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap days of receipt and so on. The sub-regional office is also mandated to coordinate and facilitate in redress of grievance at local and district level. The work procedure provides detailed guideline for receiving and addressing grievances related to construction of private residence only. Although it mentions about other grievances related to rehabilitation and reconstruction of other infrastructures and economic and social recovery, it is silent about the detail procedure of handling such grievances. Nonetheless, these mechanisms can be used to redress grievances related with reconstruction and rehabilation activites.
231. The Work Procedure related to land acquisition for Earthquake Affected Structures, 2016 has provisions related receiving and addressing complaints related to land acquired for rehabilitation and reconstruction of infrastructures. The details about the land allowed for acquisition shall be published in a national or local daily newspaper to solicit grievance from the respective owner. The affected party can lodge a complaint with reasons at the executive committee within 15 days. The executive committee will conduct necessary investigations and address the complaint within 10 days of receipt of the complaint and notify the affected party and program head. As per the procedure, complaints can be lodged regarding dissatisfaction on the compensation fixed for the land to be acquired. The complaint will to be addressed by the executive committee within 7 days of receipt.
1st Level Grievances Local Level Grievances GRC Redressed Not Redressed
2nd Level Grievances District Level Grievances
GRC Redressed Not Redressed
rd 3 Level Grievances Sub-Regional Grievances NRA Office Redressed
Not Redressed
4th Level Grievances NRA/Central Office
Figure 9: Grievance Redress Mechanism in National Law
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10. CONCLUSION
232. The condition due to poor geometry of the Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road was further aggravated by the landslides triggered after the April 25 and May 12 earthquake. The proposed road rehabilitation and reconstruction sub-project is essential to realize the full potential of the existing infrastructure and for providing safe and easy access to people living in the region. It will have long-term impact on the development of local areas. Besides these, implementation of this sub-project is expected to bring several immediate short term benefits like employment generation, increase in the local economy and enhancement of the technical skills, especially during construction phase.
233. Moreover, the project has been expected to have minimal detrimental effect on the physical, biological, socioeconomic and cultural environment of area. Most of the adverse impacts (identified and predicted) are short and medium term in nature as well as reversible in nature. Similarly, identified environmental adverse impacts are locally confined and limited mainly to the period of construction. The sub-project needs acquisition of private land, but that will not bring any resettlement. Few stands of trees have to be felled and few community structures to be relocated. With set of the proposed mitigation measures, most of impacts can be minimized or even set off. Bioengineering measures have been proposed in the Design to stabilize slopes and control further slides. In addition, proposed road does not exceed any of the thresholds prescribed by Work Procedure Related with Environmental Impact Assessment for Rehabilitation of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2072 (2016) and other relevant acts and rule. For this time, IEE is sufficient for implementation of project.
234. The sub-project can be undertaken with minimal harm to the physical, biological and social environment of the area by adopting the safeguard measures described in this IEE report.
235. The proposed rehabilitation and reconstruction sub-poject is recommended for implementation with incorporation of the mitigation measures and environmental monitoring plan. Key consideration should be given to settle down all the social and environmental issues related to sub-project before implementation of sub-project works.
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REFERENCES: ADB. (2009). Safeguard Policy Statement, June 2009. Asian Development Bank, Manila. ADB. (2015). Environmental Assessment and Review Framework: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project, June 2015. ADB. (2015). Project Administration Manual: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project, June 2015. ADB. (2015). Resettlement Framework: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project, June 2015. An Act Made To Provide for Reconstruction of the Earthquake Affected Structures, 2015, Nepal Gazette Section 65) Kathmandu 20 December 2015 (5 Poush 2072) (Extraordinary Issue) Baral, H.S and Shah K.B, (2064). Wild Mammals of Nepal. Himalayan Nature, Kathmandu. Constitution of Nepal 2072, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu DDC Ramechhap. (2061). District profile of Dolakha, 2061, District Development Committee, Ramechhap. Dhital M.R. (2015). Geology of the Nepal Himalaya, Regional Geology Reviews, Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-02496-7_30 DoR. (2003). Reference manual for the Environmental and Social aspects of the Integrated Road Development. Ministry of the Physical Planning and works Department of the Road, Kathmandu. DoR. (2007). Environmental and Social Management Framework, a guideline to the environmental and social issues associated with new road construction and upgrading. Ministry of the Physical Planning and Works, Department of Road, Kathmandu. Earthquake Affected Structures Reconstruction Rules, 2016, Nepal Gazette Section 65) Kathmandu 20 December 2015 (5 Poush 2072) (Extraordinary Issue) Earthquake Affected Structures Reconstruction Work Procedures, 2016, Nepal Gazette Volume 5, Section 65) Number 49 (2072/12/01) (Notices 1, 2 and 3), Kathmandu Fleming, R Sr. and Jr. and Bangdel, L.S. (1976). Birds of Nepal. R.C. Fleming (Sr. and Jr.) Kathmandu, Nepal. GoN. (1995). Topographical Sheet No. 2786 01, 2786 05A and 2786 05B, Department of Survey. GoN. (1999). Approach for development of Agricultural and Rural roads Grievance Management Procedure for Reconstruction of Earthquake Affected Structures, 2016, National Reconstruction Authority, Kathmandu Inskipp, C. and Inskipp, T. (1985). A guide to birds of Nepal. Croom Helm, London, England.
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IUCN. (2014). IUCN red list of threatened species, version 2012.2, www.iucnredlist.org Jnwali, S.R., Baral, H.S., Lee, S., Acharaya, K.P., Upadhyay, G.P., Pandey, M., Shrestha, R., Joshi, D., Laminchhane, B.R., Griffiths, J., Khatiwada, A.P., Subedi, N., and Amin, R. (2011). The Status of Nepal Mammals: The National Red List Series, Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Kathmandu Nepal Labor Act, 1991, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu Local Self-Governance Act, 1999, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu Local Self-Governance Regulations, 2000, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu Martin, G.J. (1995). Ethnobotany: A People and Plant Conservation Manual. Chapman and Hall, London. MoE/NAPA. (2010). Climate Change Vulnerability Mapping for Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal. National Population and Housing Census, 2011, Central Bureau of Statistics. National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, 1993, Nepal Gazette Volume, 45 Number 19 Kathmandu Polunin, O. and Stainton, A. (1984): Flowers of the Himalaya. Oxford University Press. Press, J.R., Shrestha K. K. and Stainton, J. D.A. (2000): Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal, The Natural History Museum, London and Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Shrestha, K. (1985). A Field Guide to Nepali Names for Plants. Natural History Museum, Institute of Science and Technology, T.U., Kathmandu, Nepal. Singh, A.P. (2001). Flowering Plants of Nepal (Phanerogams). Bulletin of Department of Plant Resources No. 18. HMG/N, MoFSC, Dept. of Plant Resources, National Herbarium and Plant Laboratories, Godavary, Lalitpur, Nepal. Solid Waste Management and Resource Mobilization Act 2011, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu Solid Waste Management and Resource Mobilization Regulation 2012, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu Uprety, B.K. (2003). Safeguarding the resources Environmental Impact Assessment process and Practice. Utara Uprety, Kathmandu. Water Resources Act 1992, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu Water Resources Regulation 1993, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Law Books Management Board, Kathmandu
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Appendix
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Appendix 1: Terms of Reference approval letter & Approved ToR
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Appendix 2: Environmental Assessment Checklists 2a: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist Instructions: (i) The PMU completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to ADB. (ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists. (iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.
Subroject Title: Haldebesi-Dhobi-Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sub-Project
IA: MoFALD and DCC/DTO
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS
A. Project sitting Is the project area adjacent to or within any of the following environmentally sensitive areas? Cultural heritage site
. Protected area
Wetland
Mangrove
Estuarine
Buffer Zone of Protected Area
Special area for protecting biodiversity B. Potential environmental impacts Will the project cause…
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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS
Encroachment on historical/cultural There are no historic or cultural areas; disfiguration of landscape by areas along the road alignment. road embankments, cuts, fills, and Disfiguration of landscape will quarries? occur due to cut and fill, however, cut and fill volume will be balanced. Encroachment on precious ecology (e.g. Sensitive or protected areas)? Alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways crossed by roads, resulting in increased sediment in streams affected by increased soil erosion at construction site? Deterioration of surface water quality There will be no significant due to silt runoff and sanitary wastes impact. from worker-based camps and chemicals used in construction? Increased local air pollution due to There will be no significant air rock crushing, cutting and filling pollution as is reconstruction of works, and chemicals from asphalt existing gravel road processing? Risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational health and safety due to physical, chemical, biological, and radiological hazards during project construction and operation during project construction and operation? Noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil works Dislocation or involuntary Resettlement Plan will be resettlement of people prepared to address involuntary resettlement of the affected people. Dislocation and compulsory Private structures like house and resettlement of people living in right- shop will be dislocated within the of-way? formation width of the road and they will be provided with compensation based on Resettlement Plan.
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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS
Disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups? Other social concerns relating to Not envisaged. inconveniences in living conditions in the project areas that may trigger cases of upper respiratory problems and stress? Hazardous driving conditions where construction interferes with pre- existing roads? Poor sanitation and solid waste The road will be constructed by disposal in construction camps and the local people who will come work sites, and possible transmission from their home for work and of communicable diseases from campsite management will be workers to local populations? done for workers outside the project area. Creation of temporary breeding Road construction is in hilly habitats for mosquito vectors of region. So, there will be no disease? breeding habitats for mosquitoes. Accident risks associated with Traffic volume is negligible. increased vehicular traffic, leading to accidental spills of toxic materials and loss of life? Increased noise and air pollution Traffic volume will be minimal resulting from traffic volume? and traffic speed will be very slow (<20km/hour) due to earthen raod. Increased risk of water pollution from oil, grease and fuel spills, and other materials from vehicles using the road? Social conflicts if workers from other regions or countries are hired? Large population influx during project construction and operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)?
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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS
Risks to community health and safety due to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during construction and operation? Community safety risks due to both accidental and natural causes, especially where the structural elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning.
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2b: Checklist for Preliminary Climate Risk Screening Country/Project Title: Nepal, Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) Sector : Emergency Assistance Sub-sector: Road Division/Department: District/Rural Road(MoFALD/DCC)
Screening Questions Score Remarks Location and Is sitting and/or routing of the project (or its components) likely 1 Landslide Design of to be affected by climate conditions including extreme weather project related events such as floods, droughts, storms, landslides? Would the project design (e.g. the clearance for bridges) need 0 to consider any hydro-meteorological parameters (e.g., sea- level, peak river flow, reliable water level, peak wind speed etc.)? Materials Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions 1 and (e.g. prevailing humidity level, temperature contrast between Maintenance hot summer days and cold winter days, exposure to wind and humidity hydro-meteorological parameters likely affect the selection of project inputs over the life of project outputs (e.g. construction material)? Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions, 1 and related extreme events likely affect the maintenance (scheduling and cost) of project output(s)? Performance Would weather/climate conditions and related extreme events 2 Gravel of project likely affect the performance (e.g. annual power production) of Road outputs project output(s) (e.g. hydro-power generation facilities) throughout their design life time?
Options for answers and corresponding score are provided below: Response Score Not Likely 0 Likely 1 Very Likely 2
Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk project. If adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2 was given to any single response, the project will be assigned a medium risk category. A total score of 5 or more (which include providing a score of 1 in all responses) or a 2 in any single response will be categorized as high risk project.
Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, High): 5 (High) Other Comments: For it is a hill road, the road and its performance is very likely to be affected by impacts of climate change and climate induced extreme events, especially heavy rainfall. Prepared by:
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Appendix 3: Checklists for Baseline Information Collection
A. Physical Environment
Parameter Description
Topography
Geology (Rock and Soil Types)
Erosion and Sedimentation
Quarry Sites
Sites for Labour Camp
Site for Storage and Stockpiling
Access and Diversion if necessary
River Training Works
Land Use
Air Quality
Water Quality
Noise Level
Spoil disposal sites
Drainage Network and Ground Water
Status of Channel Shifting
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B. Vegetation and Wildlife
Vegetation in the project area SN Local Botanical Location Vegetation Local Local Protection Status Name Name Type Status Use GoN IUCN CITES
Mammals in the project area SN Common Scientific Habitat Local Crop/Livestock Local Protection Status Name Name Status Raider Use GoN IUCN CITES
Birds Sighted in the project area SN Common Scientific Type Habitat Local Protection Status Name Name Status IUCN CITES GoN
Herpeto-fauna in the Project Area S.N. Local Name Scientific Habitat Local Status Code Local Name Status CITIES IUCN GoN Use
Fish in the Project Area S.N. Local Name Scientific Name Status of Migratory Observed Occurrence Status/Season Location
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C. Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment along road alignment
Parameter Description (Chainagewise Detail)
Demography
a) Population (Male, Female) b) Caste Ethnicity c) Language d) Religion and Culture e) Literacy
Occupation
Migration Patten
Public Health and Sanitation
Drinking Water Supply
Education Facilities
Communication
Fuel and Energy
Road and Transportation
Land Holding
Food Sufficiency
Irrigation
Health Care System
Market
Business and Industries
Religious and Cultural Sites
Non governmental activities
Development Potential
Detail of Project Affected Structures
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D. Landslides and Erosion Prone Areas along Road Alignment
Chainages Locations or Size of Protection SN Cause of Failure From To (Left/Right) Failure Structure
E. Settlements and Population of the along the Road Corridor
Population SN Settlement VDC & Ward HH Caste/Ethnicity Male Female Total
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Appendix 4: Public Notice
126 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Government of Nepal Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development Office of District Development Committee Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project District Level Project Implementation Unit Ramechhap
Public notice for comments and suggestion on the Initial Environmental Examination (Date of first publication: 2072/12/22) Through the Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project (EEAP) being implemented by loan and grant assistance from Asian Development Bank (ADB) and technical and grant assistance from Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), counterpart funding from Government of Nepal (GoN), District Development Committee (DDC) Ramechhap has proposed rehabilitation and reconstruction of the following roads. In the course, this notice has been published for the implementation of an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report as per the provision of the Rule 7 (2) of the Environment Protection Rules 1997 (amended 1999 AD). SN Proposed Road Affected VDCs Description of Project 1 Devitar- Phulasipokhari VDC Proposed road starts at Devitar of Phulasi Phulasipokhari VDC and ends at Pokharidada of the same Phulasi VDC. This road will be 16 km long and 6.25 m wide with side drain. 2 Haldebesi-Dhobi- Tilpung, Nagdaha, Proposed road starts at Haldebesi of Tilpung Dhandbesi Bijurikot, Saipu VDC and ends at Dhandbesi of Saipu VDC. VDCs This road will be 36 km long and 6.25 m wide with side drain
It is requested to provide comments and suggestions about the impacts on the environment through the implementation of sub-project, from the relevant VDCs, school, health post, forest user group, concerned stakeholders, organization and local people within 15 days from the first date of its publication in the following address. The comments and suggestions can be sent to Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads, Pulchwok and Ministry of Federal Affairs & Local Development, Singhadurbar. Address to send comments and suggestions: District Development District Technical Office, Earthquake Emergency Assistance Committee, Ramechhap Ramechhap, District Project, Central Project Telephone no: 048-540114 Implementation Unit Implementation Unit Fax No: 048-540029 Telephone no: 048-540491 Telephone no: 01-5532331 Fax No.: 048-540491 Fax No: [email protected]
127 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Appendix 5: Deeds of Inquiries
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137 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
138 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
139 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Appendix 6: Recommendation Letters
140 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
141 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
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144 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
145 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Appendix 7: Minutes of Public Consultations
146 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
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151 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Appendix 8: Tree Loss and Compensatory Plantation 8a) Trees to be Felled from Community Forest and Compensatory Plantation Requirement Chainages Name of Forest Name of Species Scientific Name Number of Trees Compensatory to be Felled to be Felled Plantation (1:25) 24+100 to Jhateswari CF Chilaune Schima wallichii 6 150 24+250 Uttis Alnus nepalensis 2 50 Sub-Total 8 200 Cost of Plantation @NRs 157.15/plant (NRs) 31,430.00 26+000 to Brhingeshwar CF Chilaune Schima wallichii 5 125 26+200 Sub-Total 5 125 Cost of Plantation @NRs 157.15/plant (NRs) 19,643.75 30+010 to Poku Salgharni CF Chilaune Schima wallichii 9 220 31+100 (Saipu CF) Uttis Alnus nepalensis 5 125 Maledo Macaranga denticulata 1 25 Sub-Total 15 375 Cost of Plantation @NRs 157.15/plant (NRs) 58,931.25 36+010 to Taruke Salleri CF Chilaune Schima wallichii 20 500 36+090 Sal Shorea robusta 5 125 Bhot Dhangera Lagerstroemia parviflora 5 125 Sub-Total 30 750 Cost of Plantation @NRs 157.15/plant (NRs) 117,862.50 37+000 to Sipu Pakha CF Chilaune Schima wallichii 30 750 37+150 Pauwa 12 300 Uttish Alnus nepalensis 5 125 Sub-Total 47 1175 Cost of Plantation @NRs 157.15/plant (NRs) 184,651.25 Total 105 2625 Total Cost of Plantation in all CFs (NRs) 412,518.75
152 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
8b) Cost Calculation for Compensatory Plantation in CF SN Description Unit Total Rate Amount Remarks quantity (NRs.) (NRs.) Seedling cost No 1760 20 35,200.00 20 Plantation per ha 20(1) Site selection and survey Persondays 3 535 1,605.00 20.2(b) Site clearance Persondays 10 535 5,350.00 25% shrubs and grasses 20.3 Fixing of pit distance (1600 pits) Persondays 3 535 1,605.00 20.5(a)i Pitting of 45X30X30 cm pit Persondays 32 535 17,120.00 50% slope 20.6(a)iii Seedling transportation Persondays 6 535 3,210.00 1 km distance 20.6(b)iii Seedling transportation (within) Persondays 3 535 1,605.00 20.7(a) Plantation Persondays 20 535 10,700.00 Up to 50% slope 32.1(b) Weeding Persondays 18 535 9,630.00 32.3 Replacement plantation (10%) Persondays 9 535 4,815.00 33.1(b) Prunning Persondays 25 535 13,375.00 Up to 50% slope Sub-total 104,215.00 35 Fencing per 200 running meter 35.2(a)ii Preparation of 100 poles of 30-40cm girth and Persondays 8 535 4,280.00 1.8m height 35.4 Five line barbed wire fencing (100 running meter) 35.4(a) Barbed wire (14 gauge) Kg 143 125 71,500.00 Wooden pole (10cmx10cmx1.8m) No 88 No cost Unail Kg 4.2 125 2,100.00 35.3(b) Pitting for poles Persondays 14 535 29,960.00 35.4(c) Stretching and tightening of barbed wire Persondays 24 535 51,360.00 Sub-total 159,200.00 Total 263,415.00 Contingency (5%) 13,170.75 Grand Total 276,585.75 Per plant cost 157.15 1600+10% plants with 2.5m x 2.5m spacing
153 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
8c) Sample Compensatory Plantation Agreement
Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f(Compensatory Plantation) k[i7e"dL e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf (EEAP) PlzofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] ;x'nLotk"0f{ C0f ;xof]u, :jL; ljsf; ;xof]u lgof]usf] k|fljlws ;xof]u tyf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nufgLdf z'? ePsf] xf] o; cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo @)&@ a}zfv !@ ut]sf] e"sDk kl5 e"sDkLo If]qdf k"glg{df0f / k"g{:yfkgf sfo{df ;xof]u ug{' xf] . o; cfof]hgfn] ljBfno, ;8s, ;/sf/L ejg k"glg{df0f ul/ ;Defljt k|sf]kaf6 ;dfg's"ng ug{' /x]sf] 5 . of] sfo{s|d k"glg{df0f / k"g{:yfkgf sfo{k2tLdf cfwfl/t /xg] 5 . o;n] ;8s If]qsf e"sDk k|efljt hgtfnfO{ ;xhtf k|bfg ug]{5 . sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfdf cjl:yt k|:tfljt xNb]a];L— wf]aL—9fF8]a];L u|fld0f ;8s pk–cfof]hgf e"sDk cfktsfnLg ;xfotf cfof]hgf (EEAP) cGtu{t ;+rfng ug{ nfuLPsf] Ps pkcfof]hgf xf] . xNb]a];L—wf]aL—9fF8]a];L ;8s pk–cfof]hgf /fd]5fk lhNnfsf] lnv' ufpFkflnsfsf] j8f &, %, $, # / @ -;fljs ltKn'ª, gfubx, lah'lnsf]6 uf=lj=;=_ af6 k|j]z ub{5 . of] ;8ssf] rf}8fO{ ^=@% dL= / hDdf nDafO{ #*=*(( ls=dL= kb{5 .
;fGb{lestf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;/sf/L ?vx? x6fpg] ;DaGwL dfkb08 @)&! cg';f/ b]lj6f/—km'n;Lkf]v/L ;8s pk–cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] Ifltk"lt{ ;DaGwdf hlt ?v sfl6G5g To;sf] !M@% cg'kftdf Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f / % aif{ ;Dd ;+/If0f ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . jgdf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof / Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut pk/f]Qm cg';f/ xNb]a];L—wf]aL—9fF8]a];L ;8s pk–cfof]hgf ;fd'bflos eP/ hfg] / sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof, Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut ;d]t 6]a'n !df lbO{Psf] 5 .
6]a'n != ;fd'bflos jgdf sfl6g] ?vx?sf] ;+Vof, Ifltk"lt{ jfkt a[Iff/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ?v ;+Vof / cg'dflgt nfut l; jgsf] gfd sfl6g] Ifltk"lt{ la?jf, a[Iff/f]k0f uf]8d]n, hDdf nfut g+ ?v ;+Vof a[Iff/f]k0f / 3]/jf/ nfut k'g/f]k0f nfut -g]=?=_ ?v ;+Vof klxnf] ls:tf bf]>f] ls:tf -!M@%_ -g]=?=_ -g]=?=_ ! em6]Zj/L ;f= j= * @)) @*,!!)=)) #,#@)=)) #!,$#)=)) @ >L e[Ë]Zj/ ;f= j= % !@% !&,%^*=&% @,)%)=)) !(,^$#=&% # kf]s' ;fn3f/L !% #&% %@,&)^=@% ^,@@%=)) %*,(#!=@% -;}k'_ ;f= j=
154 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap l; jgsf] gfd sfl6g] Ifltk"lt{ la?jf, a[Iff/f]k0f uf]8d]n, hDdf nfut g+ ?v ;+Vof a[Iff/f]k0f / 3]/jf/ nfut k'g/f]k0f nfut -g]=?=_ ?v ;+Vof klxnf] ls:tf bf]>f] ls:tf -!M@%_ -g]=?=_ -g]=?=_ $ tf?s] ;Nn]gL #) &%) !)%,$!@=%) !@,$%)=)) !!^,*^@=%) ;f=j= % ;}k' kfvf ;f=j= $& !,!&% !^%,!$^=@% !(,%)%=)) !*$,^%!=@% #^*,($#=&% $#,%&%=)) $!@,%!*=&% hDdf
155 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf
Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_ sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_ kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, /fd]5fk != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuL Joj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .
@= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, /fd]5fk != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .
@= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .
#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] .
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, >L e[Ë]Zj/ ;f= j=
!= a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .
@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .
156 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u OsfO ÷lhNnf :t/Lo cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO, /fd]5fk
!= a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] % ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f - !@% ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= !(,^$#=&% lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .
!—klxnf] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? !&,%^*=&% ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .
@—bf]>f] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= @,)&%=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM
157 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf
Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_ sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_ kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, /fd]5fk != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuL Joj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .
@= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, /fd]5fk != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .
@= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .
#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] .
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, em6]Zj/L ;f= j=
!= a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .
@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .
158 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u OsfO ÷lhNnf :t/Lo cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO, /fd]5fk
!= a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] 8 ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f - @)) ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= #!,$#)=)) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .
!—klxnf] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? @*,!!)=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .
@—bf]>f] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= #,#@)=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM
159 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf
Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_ sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_ kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, /fd]5fk != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuL Joj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .
@= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, /fd]5fk != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .
@= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .
#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] .
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, kf]s' ;fn3f/L -;}k'_ ;f= j=
!= a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .
@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .
160 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u OsfO ÷lhNnf :t/Lo cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO, /fd]5fk
!= a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] !% ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f - #&% ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= %*,(#!=@% lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .
!—klxnf] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? %@,&)^=@% ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .
@—bf]>f] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= ^,@@%=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM
161 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf
Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_ sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_ kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, /fd]5fk != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuL Joj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .
@= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, /fd]5fk != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .
@= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .
#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] .
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, tf?s] ;Nn]gL ;f=j=
!= a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .
@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .
162 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u OsfO ÷lhNnf :t/Lo cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO, /fd]5fk
!= a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] #) ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f - &%) ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= !!^,*^@=%) lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .
!—klxnf] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? !)%,$!@=%) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .
@—bf]>f] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= !@,$%)=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM
163 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no / lhNnf jg sfof{no / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf
Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f -Compensatory Plantation_ sfof{Gjog ug{ ePsf] ;+Demf}tf -Agreement_ kq s_ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no, /fd]5fk != Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ ug{sf] nfuL Joj:yfkg ug]{ h:t}, lj?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL ug]{, a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ cflb . a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd -klxnf] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .
@= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/Psf] If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd -bf]>f] ls:tf_ ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlwssf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;fy} /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg Joj:yf ldnfpg] . lhNnf jg sfof{no, /fd]5fk != lj?jf vl/b, ;Íngsf] ;fy} a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ k|ljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .
@= ;f=j=p=;=n] u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg u/L lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k|utL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .
#= a[Iff/f]k0fsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ÷lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm cg'udgdf ;xefuL x'g] .
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, ;}k' kfvf ;f=j=
!= a[Iff/f]k0f ug{ rflxg] la?jfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ .
@= lj?jf pTkfbg vl/b tyf pknAw u/fpgsf] ;fy} :yfgLo ?kdf 9'jfgL ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qdf 5]sjf/ ug]{, Kjfsn vGg] / la?jf /f]Kg] sfddf clgjfo{ ;xefuL x'g] . $= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg k|ljlws ;xof]udf cfkm} ug'{kg]{ .
164 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
%= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no÷lhNnf jg sfof{non] ug]{ cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] ;fy} ;d'xn] :jMcg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{ . v_ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf bfloTj lhNnf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u OsfO ÷lhNnf :t/Lo cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO, /fd]5fk
!= a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{sf] nflu ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x, lhNnf jg sfof{no tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff k|fljlws sfof{no;+u ;dGjo ug]{ .
@= la?jf pTkfbg÷9'jfgL tyf a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
#= a[Iff/f]k0f If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udgdf k|fljlws tyf ;+:yfut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
$= jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno Pjd\ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / cGt/utsf lgsfoaf6 a[Iff/f]k0f cg'udg ug{ cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . u_ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{ ljlwM ;8s lgdf{0f s|ddf sfl6g] $& ?vx?sf] nflu !M@% cg'kftdf ul/g] Ifltk"lt{ a[Iff/f]k0f - !,!&% ?vx?_ jfkt hDdf g] ?= !*$,^%!=@% lgDgfg';f/ pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .
!—klxnf] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f tyf 3]/jf/ -fencing_ ug{ nfut cg'dfg cg';f/sf] /sd g] ? !^%,!$^=@% ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x -;f=j=p=;=_ nfO{ lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t pknAw u/fpg] .
@—bf]>f] ls:tfM a[Iff/f]k0f ul/;s] kl5 lj?jf afFr]sf] cfwf/df jg Joj:yfkg -uf]8d]n, xfFuf s6gL / k'gM/f]k0f ug{_ afFsL /sd g] ?= !(,%)%=)) ;DalGwt ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xn] kfpg] u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df pknAw u/fpg]] . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lhNNff lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] k|fljlws sfof{nosf] tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 tkm{ af6 x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M x:tfIf/M gfdM gfdM gfdM kbM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM ldltM 5fkM 5fkM 5fkM
165 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
8d) Plantation Plan in District
A. Compensatory plantation
Requirements for plantation activities 1) Coordination with DFO - Meeting will be held with DFO and CFUGs to discuss about the plantation management 2) Agreement with DFO/CFUGs/DCC - Agreement will be done with DFO and DCC/DTO for the compensatory plantation 3) Managing planting stock - Nursery establishment and operation . From DFO/CFUG nursery . From private nursery owner from districts . Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts. 4) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified by DFO and survey will be done. 5) Fencing - Fencing will be done by concerned DFO/CFUG. 6) Pitting - Pits of 45cmx30cm x 30cm size will be dug. 7) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites 8) Planting - It will be done by the DFO/CFUGs in the starting of monsoon 9) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce the competition by weeds. 10) Survival count - Before winter starts, survival of the plantation will be done for casualty replacement before next monsoon.
Plan of Action for Plantation in CF Activities March April May 18 June July 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Oct 18 18 18 18 Agreement with DFO/CFUG/ DCC Managing planting stock Survey of plantation area Fencing Pitting Transportation of seedlings Planting Weeding Survival count
166 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
B. Roadside plantation 1) Coordination with local communities, RM and DFO - Meeting will be held with concerned local communities, RM and DFO to discuss about the plantation management 2) Agreement with concerned stakeholders - Agreement will be done with concerned local communities, RM and DFO for the road side plantation 3) Managing planting stock - Nursery establishment and operation . From DFO nursery . From private nursery owner from districts . Fruit trees in private land - Horticulture farms in districts. 4) Identification and survey of plantation area - Plantation area will be identified by concerned local communities, RM, and DFO and survey will be done. 5) Fencing - Fencing will be done by concerned local communities, RM and DFO. 6) Pitting - Pits of appropriate size will be dug depending on species 7) Transportation of seedlings - From nursery to the planting sites 8) Planting - It will be done in the starting of monsoon 9) Weeding - After the monsoon season, weeding is done to reduce the competition by weeds. 10) Survival count - before winter starts, survival of the plantation will be done for casualty replacement before next monsoon.
Plan of Action for Roadside Plantation
Activities March April May 18 June July 18 Aug 18 Sep 18 Oct 18 18 18 18 Agreement with DFO/CFUG/ DCC Managing planting stock Survey of plantation area Fencing Pitting Transportation of seedlings Planting Weeding Survival count
167 IEE of Haldebesi – Dhobi – Dhandebesi Road Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Sub-Project DCC, Ramechhap
Appendix 9: Abstract of Costs 9a: Civil Cost Pay Ite Amount Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) m (NRs.) No. 1 General 1.1 Insurance of works, plants, materials, loss and damage to equipments, L.S. Contractor's workmen and employees and third party insurance against 1.00 900,000.00 900,000.00 damage to other persons and property as per GCC clause 19. 1.2 Provide site office at the mid-section of the road at location acceptable to mont the project manager within the contract package with accommodation h 18.00 35,000.00 630,000.00 facilities as specified in special provision 1.3 Carry out additional tests for material and works as required and instructed PS by the Engineer.(GCC Clause No. 33.1) 1.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 1.4 Relocation of the utilities (water supply, telephone, etc,) and services as PS instructed by the Engineer as per DoLIDAR-Technical Specifications for 1.00 300,000.00 300,000.00 Labour Based Construction Work of Agricultural & Rural Roads (Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. G-10. 1.5 Carry out maintenance of the existing road to keep the road serviceable mont throughout the contract period. Also provide and maintain traffic safety, h 18.00 38,000.00 684,000.00 control measures and temporary diversions during construction including water spraying thrice a week to avoid dust pollution as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. G-12. 1.6 Provide and installation of project information board of size 1.80 mx1.2 m No. along with iron posts including excavation, concreting, backfilling etc all 2.00 10,000.00 20,000.00 complete as per DoR Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Works (SSRBW) July 2001,Section-108 1.7 Provision and maintenance of labour camps payable monthly in equal mont instalments as per DoR Standard Specification for Road and Bridge Works h 18.00 20,000.00 360,000.00 (SSRBW) July 2001,Section-109 (3) 1.8 Establish, maintain and operate labaratory at the site with equipments mont furnishing required for testing specified quality of the materials as per DoR- h 18.00 20,000.00 360,000.00
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Pay Ite Amount Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) m (NRs.) No. SSRBW, Section-511
1.9 Environmental Mitigation Works as per EMP and as Instructed by the P.S. Engineer(DOR Section 109) 1.00 300,000.00 300,000.00 1.10 Social Compiliance and safegaurds as per Resettlement Action Plan and P.S. GESI and as instructed by the Engineer(DOR Section 109) 1.00 150,000.00 150,000.00 Sub-Total 3,904,000.00 2 Site Clearance 2.1 Clearing and Grubbing including cutting of all types of plants as per m2 DoLIDAR-Technical Specifcations for Labour Based Construction of 56,907.57 26.76 1,522,846.57 Agricultural and Rural Raods (Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR) Clause No.: 1- 1.5(a), 1-1.5(b) & 1-1.6 2.2 Dismantling of Culverts, bridges, pavements and other structures, including m3 excavation, backfilling, stacking, disposing, handling and haulage up to a 118.80 1,338.48 159,011.42 lead of 100 m along the lead route as per DoLIDAR-Technical Specifcations for Labour Based Construction of Agricultural and Rural Raods (Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR) Clause No.: 1-2(a) 2.3 Dismantling gabion works and cobble pavements including stockpiling the m3 reusable materials materials within 50m lead and disposal of nonusable 5,598.00 756.30 4,233,767.40 material as per DoR-SSRBW, Section 202 Sub-Total 5,915,625.40 3 Earthworks 3.1 Excavation in roadway and drain in all types of soil and rock materials m3 including removal and satisfactory disposal of all materials at approved environmentally safe tipping area as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for 172,158.66 84.85 14,607,662.13 LBCWARR Clause No. 2-1 3.2 Excavation in foundation in structure in all types of soil materials including m3 removal and satisfactory disposal of all materials at approved environmentally safe tipping area as per DoLIdar-Tech. Spec, for 6,708.21 137.02 919,158.93 LBCWARR Clause No. 2-5
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Pay Ite Amount Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) m (NRs.) No. 3.3 Construction of embankments, shoulders and other miscellaneous filling and m3
backfilling in structure with approved materials as per design and drawing 20,341.14 100.64 2,047,132.53 as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No.2-5 3.4 Transportation of material beyond the initial lead within 1 km distance with m3 safe disposal sites as instructed by the engineer. 102,198.81 47.07 4,810,498.03 Sub-Total 22,384,451.63 4 Structural/ Side Drain/Cross Drainage Works Stone Masonry 4.1 Supply & place un-coursed random rubble stone masonry works in MM 5 m3 cement sand mortar in the line & level all complete stone masonry work 11,322.13 6,941.26 78,589,875.85 including full compensation for all labour, materials and other incidentals required to complete the work as per the specifications and drawings. It includes full compensation for using specially dressed stones on the face of wall with batter and provisions for weep hole as necessary as per DoLIDAR- Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 8 Sub-Total 78,589,875.85 Gabion Works 4.2 Supply machine made fabrication of gabion boxes of different sizes with m3 hexagonal mesh size of 100 mm x 120 mm including rolling, cutting and 7,506.50 4,384.85 32,914,876.53 weaving (mesh wire 3.0 mm, selvedge wire 3.9 mm, binding wire 2.4 mm, all heavy zinc coated wires),assembling, placing in position, packing and filling of gabion create with rubble stone and tying by 2.4 mm binding wires all complete as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 17-1.4, 17-5 & 17-6 4.3 Provide and place Geo-textile all complete as per drawing and specifications m2 as per (DOR-SSRBW Section No.: 2404,3110) 5,844.80 166.29 971,931.79 Sub-Total 33,886,808.32 Cross Drainage, Side Drainage and Protection Plain and Reinforced Cement Concrete
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Pay Ite Amount Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) m (NRs.) No. 3 4.4 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 10/20 as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for m LBCWARR Clause No. 11 227.92 8,349.77 1,903,096.28 3 4.6 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 20/20 as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for m LBCWARR Clause No. 11 1,196.32 12,762.72 15,268,297.19 4.7 Supply & place P.C.C. works M 25/20 as per DOR-SSRBW,July m3 2001,Section 2000 139.10 16,065.59 2,234,643.24 4.8 Supply and place formwork for concrete works with all complete as per m2 DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 9 765.75 718.74 550,375.16 4.9 Supply & place TMT high tensile strength steel reinforcement of specified T grade ( Fe 500) for RCC works including bending, centring & binding in 16.73 101,226.84 1,693,018.97 position as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 10 4.10 Supply, Laying, fitting and fixing of hume pipe class NP3. It includes all operations required to complete the work and the jointing of pipes with 1:2 cement sand mortar as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 15-5 and 15-6 a 300 mm diameter pipe for irrigation purpose rm 112.50 4,599.91 517,489.88 b rm 600 mm diameter pipe as per DOLIDAR Item no 47-15-5,15-6-b 165.00 8,113.43 1,338,715.95 c rm 900 mm diameter pipe as per DOLIDAR Item no 47-15-5,15-6-b 52.50 14,938.65 784,279.13 4.11 Supply & place100 mm Dia. HDPE Pipe (6 kg/cm2) for weep hole as per rm Nepal Standard & directed by Engineer 523.00 545.84 285,474.32 4.12 Backfilling works with approved soil materials with compaction as per m3 DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No-2.5.4 1,140.96 240.69 274,615.82 4.13 Supply and Place graded filter in backfilling in structures and cross drainage m3 works as per (DOR-SSRBW Section No.: 2404,3110) 155.83 2,080.16 324,140.79 Sub-Total 25,174,146.71 5 Pavement Works 5.1 Preparation of subgrade for rehabilitation works as per DoR-SSRBW m2 (Standard Specification for Road & Bridge Works, 2001) SECTION No. 1003 109,298.78 17.85 1,950,983.28
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Pay Ite Amount Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) m (NRs.) No. 5.2 Providing, laying, spreading, watering, leveling and compaction of natural m3 sand gravel sub base grading as specified and according to the designed 11,625.90 1,284.10 14,928,815.62 camber all complete as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1201 5.3 Providing, laying, spreading, watering, leveling and compaction of capping m3 layer of approved materials according to the designed camber all complete 241.62 1,075.28 259,807.00 asper DoR-SSRBW, Section 1004 5.4 Supplying and preparing 20 cm thick stone pitching work on the prepared m3 granular bedding with stone available at site 796.80 2,760.84 2,199,834.55 5.5 Providing, laying, spreading, watering, leveling and compaction of 12 cm m3 thick natural sand gravel sub base grading for cobble pavement as specified 5,152.82 1,284.10 6,616,738.73 and according to the designed camber all complete as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1201 5.6 Supplying and preparation of 5 cm thick granular material and sand with m2 mixing red soil and spreading in layer, watering, compacting and all 51,290.19 69.88 3,584,158.48 complete. 5.7 Supplying and construction of 8 cm thick coble pavement ( Breaked Coble ) m3 on the prepared granular material bedding with spreading the spall/ Granular 10,115.22 956.08 9,670,954.76 material and compacting with Steel Roller with all complete 5.8 Breaking and supplying of rock for cobble manually and chiesel dressing it in m3 the 8 cm sizes with all complete 6,107.22 852.72 5,207,744.37 5.9 Providing, laying, spreading, watering, levelling and compaction of natural m3 sand gravel wearing course class -1/class -2 lead upto 10m as per DoR- 472.00 1,427.72 673,880.98 SSRBW SECTION No. 1205. Sub-Total 45,092,917.78 6 Road Furniture/Traffic Sign Boards 6.1 Supplying and placing standard RCC kilometer post (place at each km) all Nos. complete including painting, and writing etc. all complete as per 32.00 2,677.65 85,684.80 specification and drawings (DOR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1501)
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Pay Ite Amount Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) m (NRs.) No. 6.2 Supplying and placing standard RCC kilometer post (place at 5km interval ) Nos. all complete including painting, and writing etc. all complete as per 7.00 6,018.46 42,129.22 specification and drawings (DOR-SSRBW SECTIONNo. 1501) 6.3 Supplying and fixing in place R.C.C.delineater and guard post including Nos. excavation,paintng,and erectionetc. all complete as final drawing (DOR- 3,112.00 1,200.56 3,736,142.72 SSRBW SECTION No. 1504) 6.4 Supplying and erecting traffic sign in place including 50 mm dia steel tube, 2mm thick steel plate, cement concrete, painting, writing and supporting steel angle nut and bolt etc complete as per DoR-SSRBW SECTION No. 1501) a 60 cm dia circular, 60 cm equilateral triangle and 60 x 45 cm rectangular Nos. shaped sign (Single post) 180.00 1,697.45 305,541.00 b 1.2m x 0.75 m size bigger traffic sign with back support and two or more Nos. post 14.00 3,257.27 45,601.78 Sub-Total 4,215,099.52 7 Bio-engineering Work 7.1 Slope trimming work DoLIDAR : 4 Spec.Clause No.: 2-1.3.2,2-1.8 and 2- m2 1.95 6,100.00 77.97 475,617.00 7.2 Construction of Rip-rap drain with the stone pitching work of 20 cm thick and rm 1.2 m wide as per DoLIDAR-Tech. Spec. for LBCWARR Clause No. 8 450.00 576.73 259,528.50 3 7.3 Dry stone check/toe walls for segmentation and support of slopes DoLIDAR m Tech. Spec. clause No. 8 722.20 3,030.02 2,188,280.44 7.4 rm Brush layering work: including preparation of terraces of 30 - 40 cm wide 6,100.00 124.04 756,644.00 and laying live cuttings of selected Species along the terrace @ 5 cm c/c with 2/3 of cuttings in to terrace and leaving one bud and up to 1/3 of the cuttings sticking beyond the terrace edge (Cutting can be of assuro,simali etc of 45 - 60 m length) DoLIDAR Spec.Clause no.70-6.7 b
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Pay Ite Amount Description Unit Quantity Rate (NRs.) m (NRs.) No. 2 7.5 Planting rooted grass slips on slopes < 45˚ including preparation of slips on m site. Operation includes digging planting holes to a maximum of 5 cm depth 6,100.00 243.17 1,483,337.00 with metal or hardwood peg, depending on nature of soil. The planting drills should be spaced 10 cm apart as per Bio engineering information of DOR 7.6 Planting containerised tree and shrub seedlings, including pitting, Nos. transplanting, composting and placing tree guards, on toe of embankment 407.00 62.24 25,331.68 slopes in plain areas, not less than 8 m from the road centre line. Pit size 30 cm diameter×30 cm depth. Compost volume ⅟₄ of the volume of pit, mixed with original soil as per Bio engineering information of DOR Sub-Total 5,188,738.62 8 Day works 8.1 Supply of labour as required as per preamble and as instructed by the Engineer. b) Skilled labour day 150 735.00 110,250.00 c) Unskilled labour day 400 565.00 226,000.00 8.2 Supply of excavator for maintenance of road as required and instructed by hr 180 engineer 1,000.00 180,000.00 8.3 L.S. Provide Built up Drawings as completed 75,000.00 Sub-Total 591,250.00 Base Cost (A) 224,942,913.83 13% VAT (B) 29,242,578.80 Total Cost including Base Cost and VAT (C) 254,185,492.62 Cost Per Kilometer of construction works including Base Cost and 6,534,499.41 VAT (D) Work Charge Staff & Miscellaneous Expenses @ 3% (E) 6,748,287.41 Physical Contingency @ 10% (F) 22,494,291.38 Grand Total (G) 283,428,071.42
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9b: Project Cost including Socio-Environmental Cost SN Particulars Amount (NRs.) 1 Environmental Management Cost 1.1 Environmental/conservation awareness program 250,000.00 1.2 Tourism promotion awareness (A three days homestay management training to 15 people from project 150,000.00 area) 1.3 Hoarding boards at road site (4 places) for awareness about important wildlife and their conservation. 200,000.00 1.4 Compensatory plantation & protection cost for trees on CF 110005.00 1.5 Roadside plantation 200,000.00 1.6 Solidwaste collection bins 50,000.00 1.7 Environmental monitoring cost 200,000.00 Sub-total (I) 1,462,518.75 2 Other environmental cost (included in civil works cost also) 2.1 Contractor's workmen and employees and third party insurance against damage to other persons and 900,000.00 property (Ref Appendix 9, item 1.1) 2.2 Relocation of Utilities (water supply and telephone poles) (Ref Appendix 9, item 1.4) 300,000.00 2.3 Maintenance of existing road, providing and maintaining traffic safety, control measures and temporary 38,000.00 diversions during construction including water spraying thrice a week to avoid dust pollution. (Ref Appendix 9, item 1.5) 2.4 Labour camp maintenance (Ref Appendix 9, item 1.7) 20,000.00 2.5 Environmental Mitigation Works (Ref Appendix 9, item 1.9) 300,000.00 2.6 Social Compliance and Safeguard (Ref Appendix 9, item 1.10) 150,000.00 2.7 Spoil Disposal 4,810,498.03 2.8 Bioengineering and landslide retention (Ref Appendix 9, item 7) 5,188,738.62 2.9 Installation of traffic signals (Ref Appendix 9, item 6.4) 351,142.78 Subtotal II 12,058,379.43
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SN Particulars Amount (NRs.) 3 Civil Work Cost 3.1 Total Civil Cost (Including VAT and Contingencies) 283,428,071.42 3.2 Other environmental cost included in civil works cost as given in SN 2 12,058,379.43 3.3 Civil excluding other environmental cost (Subtotal III) 271,369,691.99 4 Resettlement Plan Cost (This plan is under preparation, hence the cost is not included here) 4.1 Compensation cost (land, relocation cost for private and community structures within RoW) 1,803,871.28 4.2 Deed transfer assistance and fees 17,100.00 4.3 Income generation and livelihood improvement training 800,000.00 4.4 Contingency (20%) 364,194.26 Subtotal IV 2,985,165.54 5 Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Plan Cost 5.1 WASH Awareness Training 25,000.00 5.2 Psycho-social Counseling 25,000.00 5.3 Livelihood Improvement Training 50,000.00 Subtotal V 100,000.00 Total Project Cost (I+II+III+IV+V) 287,975,755.71
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Appendix 10: List of Affected Structure
SN Picture Detail
1 Chainage 21+900 Name of Owner Govinda Shrestha Address Likhu -4 Structure Type house Built Year 2072 Present Status Good Family Member (no.) 5 Food Sufficiency (Month) 6 Months Total Agricultural Income 30000 (NRs.) Total Non-agricultural 50,000 Income (NRs.) Total Affected Area (sqm) Total cost (NRs.)
2 Chainage 21+900 Name of Owner Maila Mahara Address Likhu -4 Structure Type house Built Year 2072 Present Status Good Family Member (no.) 6 Food Sufficiency (Month) 3 Months Total Agricultural Income (NRs.) Total Non-agricultural Income (NRs.) Total Affected Area (sqm) Total cost (NRs.)
3 Chainage 22+400
Structure Type House/Cottage Name of owner Sher Bdr Tamang Address Likhu Rural Muni. -3 Built Year 2030 Use & Beneficiary Present Status House is fare but cottage is half damage Total cost (NRs.)
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4 Chainage 22+500
Structure Type Cottage
Name of owner Dolkumari Shrestha
Address Likhu Rural Muni. -3
Built Year 2068
Use & Beneficiary
Present Status weak
Total cost (NRs.)
5 Chainage 2300 Structure Type House/Cottage Name of Owner Dal Bdr. Shrestha Address Likhu Mun.-3 Built Year 2058 Use & Beneficiary Present Status House is fare but cottage is half damage Total cost (NRs.)
6 Chainage 0+2500 Structure Type Balkuni Name of owner Chun Naryan Shrestha Address Likhu Mun.-3 Built Year 2040 Use & Beneficiary Present Status Good Total cost (NRs.)
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7 Chainage 0+2500 Structure Type Balkuni of house Name of Owner Indra Narayan. Shrestha Address Likhu Mun.-3 Built Year 2058 Use & Beneficiary Present Status Good Total cost (NRs.)
8 Chainage 25+ 200 Structure Type Cottage Name of owner Tilak Timilsina Address Likhu Mun.-3 Built Year 2073 Use & Beneficiary Present Status good Total cost (NRs.)
9 Chainage 25+600 Structure Type Cottage Name of Owner Kewal Timilsina Address Likhu Mun.-3 Built Year 2058 Use & Beneficiary Present Status Good Total cost (NRs.)
10 Chainage 26+300 Structure Type Cottage Name of owner Chakra Bdr. Tamang Address Likhu Mun.-3 Built Year 2055 Use & Beneficiary Present Status Some are good and some are worth Total cost (NRs.)
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Chainage 26+300 Structure Type Cottage Name of owner Dhudhi Tamang Address Likhu Mun.-3 Built Year 2055 Use & Beneficiary 11 Present Status Some are good and some are worth Total cost (NRs.)
12 Chainage 26+400 Structure Type Balkuni of house Name of Owner Suntali Tamang Address Likhu Mun.-3 Built Year 2058 Use & Beneficiary Present Status weak Total cost (NRs.)
13 Chainage 26+450 Structure Type Top corner of the hose and cottage Name of owner Yam Bdr. Tamang Address Likhu Mun.-3 Built Year 2040 Use & Beneficiary Present Status good Total cost (NRs.)
14 Chainage 27+300 Structure Type Half part of house Name of Owner Tilak Tamang Address Likhu Mun.-3 Built Year 2043 Use & Beneficiary Present Status Good Total cost (NRs.)
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15 Chainage 28+100 Structure Type Half part of house Name of Owner Gumba Tamang Address Likhu Mun.-3 Built Year 2038 Use & Beneficiary Present Status good Total cost (NRs.)
16 Chainage 28+200 Structure Type House and Cottage Name of Owner Jit Bdr. Tamang Address Likhu Mun.-3 Built Year 2040 Use & Beneficiary Present Status weak Total cost (NRs.)
17 Chainage 28+400 Structure Type House Name of owner Gole Tamang Address Likhu Mun.-3 Built Year 2072 Use & Beneficiary Present Status good Total cost (NRs.)
18 Chainage 29+200 Structure Type Cottage with fence Name of Owner Bhoj Bdr. Magara Address Likhu Mun.-3 Built Year 2070 Use & Beneficiary Present Status Good Total cost (NRs.)
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19 Chainage 29+300 Structure Type Cottage Name of owner Gope Tamang Address Likhu Mun.-3 Built Year 2072 Use & Beneficiary Present Status good Total cost (NRs.)
20 Chainage 32+800 Structure Type Balkuni of house and Cottage Name of Owner Jit Bdr. Tamang Address Likhu Rural Muni. 2 Built Year 2058 Use & Beneficiary Present Status Good Total cost (NRs.)
21 Chainage 33+000 Structure Type cottage Name of owner Lok Bdr. Raut Address Likhu Rural Muni. Built Year 2072 Use & Beneficiary Present Status good Total cost (NRs.)
22 Chainage 33+050 Structure Type Half part of house Name of Owner Chet Bdr. Thapa Address Likhu Rural Muni. Built Year 2030 Use & Beneficiary Present Status Good Total cost (NRs.)
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23 Chainage 33+050 Structure Type Half part of house Name of Owner Dhan Raj Raut Address Likhu Rural Muni. Built Year 2040 Use & Beneficiary Present Status good Total cost (NRs.)
24 Chainage 33+100 Structure Type Half part of house Name of Owner Gopal Basnet Address Likhu Rural Muni. Built Year 2030 Use & Beneficiary Present Status good Total cost (NRs.)
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Appendix 11: Grievance Redress Mechanism Sample Grievance Intake Form Name of Project Project ______welcomes complaints, suggestions, comments and queries regarding the project implementation and its stakeholders. We encourage persons with grievance to provide their name and contact information to enable us to get in touch with you for clarification and feedback.
Should you choose to include your personal details but want that information to remain confidential, please inform us by writing/typing "(CONFIDENTIAL)" above your name.
Thank you.
Contact Information Name Gender Male Female Home Address Age Phone No City/District Complaint/Suggestion/Comment/Question Please provide the details(who ,what where and how) of your grievance below:
How do you want us to reach you for feedback or update on your comment/grievance?
Portion to be filled in by the staff: Date received: Received through: Name of Staff who receive comment/complaint Position of staff: Type of Grievance; Remarks Signature of Staff
Update on the case: Date: Update
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Appendix 12: Environmental and Social Monitoring Report Outline The level of detail and comprehensiveness of a monitoring report is commensurate with the complexity and significance of social and environmental impacts. A safeguard monitoring report may include the following elements: (a) Background/context of the monitoring report (adequate information on the project, including physical progress of project activities, scope of monitoring report, reporting period, and the monitoring requirements including frequency of submission as agreed upon); (b) Changes in project scope and adjusted safeguard measures, if applicable; (c) Qualitative and quantitative monitoring data; (d) Monitoring parameters/indicators and methods based on the monitoring plan/program previously agreed upon with ADB; (e) Monitoring results compared against previously established benchmarks and compliance status (e.g., national environmental emission and ambient standards and/or standards set out in the World Bank Group’s Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines guidelines; timeliness and adequacy of environmental mitigation measures; involuntary resettlement compensation rates and timeliness of payments, adequacy and timeliness of involuntary resettlement rehabilitation measures including serviced housing sites, house reconstruction, livelihood support measures, and training; budget for implementing environment management plan (EMP), resettlement plan,, timeliness and adequacy of capacity building, etc.); (f) Monitoring results compared against the objectives of safeguards or desired outcomes documented (e.g. involuntary resettlement impacts avoided or minimized; livelihood restored or enhanced; environmental impacts avoided or minimized, etc.); (g) If noncompliance or any major gaps identified, include a corrective action plan; (h) Records on disclosure of monitoring information to affected communities; (i) Identification of key issues, or complaints from affected people, or recommendations for improvement; (j) Monitoring adjustment measures recommended based on monitoring experience/trends and stakeholders response; (k) Information about actual institutional arrangement for implementing the monitoring program/plan provided or adjusted, as may be required; (l) Proposed items of focus for the next report and due date.
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Appendix 13: Pictorial Highlights
Participants of Public Consultation
Participants of Public Consultation
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Participants of Public Consultation
Existing Road Alignment
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Vegetation near Road Alignment
Participants of Public Consultation
188