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Engaging Recreational Fishers in Management and Conservation: Global Case Studies CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by PDXScholar Portland State University PDXScholar Environmental Science and Management Faculty Environmental Science and Management Publications and Presentations 2008 Engaging Recreational Fishers in Management and Conservation: Global Case Studies Elise F. Granek Portland State University, [email protected] Elizabeth M.P. Madin M. A. Brown U.S. Bureau of Land Management Will F. Figueira University of Technology, Sydney Darren S. Cameron Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority See next page for additional authors Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy . Follow this and additional works at: http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/esm_fac Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, Environmental Sciences Commons, and the Zoology Commons Citation Details GRANEK, E. F., MADIN, E. P., BROWN, M. A., FIGUEIRA, W. W., CAMERON, D. S., HOGAN, Z. Z., & ... ARLINGHAUS, R. R. (2008). Engaging Recreational Fishers in Management and Conservation: Global Case Studies. Conservation Biology, 22(5), 1125-1134. This Article is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Elise F. Granek, Elizabeth M.P. Madin, M. A. Brown, Will F. Figueira, Darren S. Cameron, Zeb Hogan, Gerry Kristianson, Pierre de Villiers, Jack E. Williams, John R. Post, S. Zahn, and R. Arlinghaus This article is available at PDXScholar: http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/esm_fac/75 Essay Engaging Recreational Fishers in Management and Conservation: Global Case Studies E. F. GRANEK,∗ E. M. P. MADIN,†∗∗∗∗ M. A. BROWN,‡∗∗∗∗ W. FIGUEIRA,§∗∗∗∗ D. S. CAMERON,∗∗ ∗∗∗ Z. HOGAN,†† G. KRISTIANSON,‡‡ P. DE VILLIERS,§§ J. E. WILLIAMS, J. POST,††† S. ZAHN,‡‡‡ AND R. ARLINGHAUS§§§ ∗Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 92707, U.S.A., email [email protected] †Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, U.S.A. ‡U.S. Bureau of Land Management, P.O. Box 2965, Portland, OR 97204, U.S.A. §Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, P.O. Box 123 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia ∗∗Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, P.O. Box 1379, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia ††Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada-Reno, 1000 Valley Road, M.S. 186, Reno, NV 89512, U.S.A. ‡‡Sport Fishing Institute, 67 McKenzie Crescent, Sidney, BC V8L 5Y7, Canada §§C.A.P.E. Estuaries Programme, CapeNature, Private Bag 5014, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa ∗∗∗Trout Unlimited, 329 Crater Lake Avenue, Medford, OR 97504, U.S.A. †††Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada ‡‡‡Institute of Inland Fisheries, Im Konigswald¨ 2, 14469 Potsdam-Sacrow, Germany §§§Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Muggelseedamm¨ 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany, and Humboldt-University of Berlin, Institute of Animal Sciences, Inland Fisheries Management Lab, Philippstrasse 13, Haus 7, 10115 Berlin, Germany Abstract: Globally, the number of recreational fishers is sizeable and increasing in many countries. Associ- ated with this trend is the potential for negative impacts on fish stocks through exploitation or management measures such as stocking and introduction of non-native fishes. Nevertheless, recreational fishers can be instrumental in successful fisheries conservation through active involvement in, or initiation of, conservation projects to reduce both direct and external stressors contributing to fishery declines. Understanding fishers’ concerns for sustained access to the resource and developing methods for their meaningful participation can have positive impacts on conservation efforts. We examined a suite of case studies that demonstrate success- ful involvement of recreational fishers in conservation and management activities that span developed and developing countries, temperate and tropical regions, marine and freshwater systems, and open- and closed- access fisheries. To illustrate potential benefits and challenges of involving recreational fishers in fisheries management and conservation, we examined the socioeconomic and ecological contexts of each case study. We devised a conceptual framework for the engagement of recreational fishers that targets particular types of involvement (enforcement, advocacy, conservation, management design [type and location], research, and monitoring) on the basis of degree of stakeholder stewardship, scale of the fishery, and source of impacts (internal or external). These activities can be enhanced by incorporating local knowledge and traditions, tak- ing advantage of leadership and regional networks, and creating collaborations among various stakeholder groups, scientists, and agencies to maximize the probability of recreational fisher involvement and project success. Keywords: anglers, Atlantic salmon, cutthroat trout, Great Barrier Reef, marine protected areas, recreational fishing, rockfish, stakeholders, taimen, westslope cutthroat trout, yellowfish ∗∗∗∗Authors contributed equally Paper submitted July 18, 2007; revised manuscript accepted January 14, 2008. Correction added after publication 15 July 2008; Authorship was amended for accuracy. 1125 Conservation Biology, Volume 22, No. 5, 1125–1134 C 2008 Society for Conservation Biology DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00977.x 1126 Recreational Fishers and Conservation Involucrando a Pescadores Recreativos en el Manejo y la Conservacion:´ Estudios de Caso Globales Resumen: Globalmente, el numero´ de pescadores recreativos es considerable y esta´ incrementando en mu- chos pa´ıses. Esta tendencia se asocia con el potencial de impactos negativos sobre la disponibilidad de peces mediante la explotacion´ o medidas de manejo como el aprovisionamiento e introduccion´ de peces no nativos. Sin embargo, los pescadores recreativos pueden jugar un papel decisivo en el ´exito de la conservacion´ de pesquer´ıas mediante su participacion´ activa en, o en el inicio de, proyectos de conservacion´ para reducir los factores estresantes, tanto directos como externos, que contribuyen a la declinacion´ de las pesquer´ıas. El entendimiento de las preocupaciones de los pescadores por el acceso sustentable al recurso y por el de- sarrollo de m´etodos para una participacion´ significativa puede tener impactos positivos sobre los esfuerzos de conservacion.´ Examinamos un conjunto de estudios de caso que demuestran una participacion´ exitosa de pescadores recreativos en actividades de manejo y conservacion´ en pa´ıses desarrollados y en desarrollo, regiones templadas y tropicales, sistemas marinos y dulceacu´ıcolas y en pesquer´ıas de acceso abierto y cer- rado. Para ilustrar los beneficios y retos potenciales de involucrar a pescadores recreativos en el manejo y la conservacion´ de pesquer´ıas, examinamos el contexto socioeconomico´ y ecologico´ de cada estudio de caso. Disenamos˜ un marco conceptual para comprometer a pescadores recreativos que enfoca diferentes tipos de compromiso (coercion,´ intercesion,´ conservacion,´ diseno˜ de manejo [tipo y localidades], investigacion´ y monitoreo) con base en el grado de responsabilidad de las partes interesadas, la escala de la pesquer´ıa y la fuente de impactos (interna o externa). Estas actividades se pueden mejorar mediante la incorporacion´ del conocimiento y tradiciones locales, el aprovechamiento de las redes regionales de liderazgo y la creacion´ de colaboraciones entre los diferentes grupos de inter´es, cient´ıficos y agencias para maximizar la probabilidad de la participacion´ de pescadores recreativos y el ´exito del proyecto. Palabras Clave: ´areas protegidas, gran barrera arrecifal, Oncorhynchus clarki, partes interesadas, pescadores de cana,˜ pesca recreativa, pez roca, Pleurogrammus monopterygius,salmon´ del Atl´antico, trucha Introduction meet essential nutritional needs (Arlinghaus & Cooke 2008). Many of the world’s fish populations are in decline. In 2005 77% of the global fishery stocks of known status Significance of Recreational Fishing were either fully exploited (52%), overexploited (17%), depleted (7%), or recovering from depletion (1%; FAO Recreational fishing is extremely popular worldwide, 2006). These declines result from a complex set of pro- with average participation rates of around 10% (Arling- cesses that are internal and external to the fisheries. haus & Cooke 2008). Harvest by recreational fisheries has For instance, industrialized fishing in marine systems been estimated at about 12% of take worldwide for all fish has led to dramatic declines in target stock biomass, (Cooke & Cowx 2004) and 23% for some overfished U.S. alteration of community structure (Pauly et al. 1998; marine fish stocks (Coleman et al. 2004). If recreational Myers & Worm 2003), and long-lasting effects on fish- fishing has not contributed to stock depletion, it may at eries through habitat destruction (Dayton et al. 1995; least be hindering recovery in some localities (Coleman Jennings & Kaiser 1998). Freshwater fishes are also heav- et al. 2004). In many freshwater systems, especially small ily threatened on a global scale (Harrison & Stiassny lakes and streams, recreational fishing is the only source 1999). Whereas their overexploitation
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