Indonesia Tier 2

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Indonesia Tier 2 INDONESIA TIER 2 KEY FINDINGS Indonesia is often characterized as a model of majority-Muslim intensity, and experts believe many incidents go unreported. democracy. Yet in some parts of the country, discrimination and Non-Muslims and non-Sunni Muslims endure ongoing difficul- violence against religious minorities continue, often instigated ties obtaining official permission to build houses of worship, or inspired by hardline individuals and groups. The Indonesian experience vandalism at existing houses of worship, and are government often intervenes when abuses arise, particularly if subject to sometimes violent protests that interfere with their they involve violence; yet by many accounts, violations of the ability to practice their faith. In 2017, USCIRF again places freedom of religion or belief continue to rise and/or increase in Indonesia on its Tier 2, where it has been since 2004. RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE U.S. GOVERNMENT • Urge the Indonesian government at cen- • Offer technical assistance and guidance government and religious officials tral, provincial, and local levels to comply to the Indonesian government as it to mediate sectarian disputes, and with the Indonesian constitution and drafts legislation protecting religious enhance rule of law and build capacity international human rights standards by: freedom, as appropriate; for legal reform advocates, judicial • Overturning the 2008 Joint Ministerial • Raise in public and private with Indo- officials, and parliamentarians to better Decree on the Ahmadiyya community nesian officials the need to protect fulfill Indonesia’s obligations under and any provincial bans on Ahmadi Indonesia’s tradition of religious tol- international human rights law; and religious practice; erance and pluralism by investigating • Help to train Indonesian police and • Amending or repealing article 156(a) and prosecuting individuals or groups counterterrorism officials at all levels of the Penal Code and uncondition- who discriminate or incite or perpe- to better address sectarian conflict, ally releasing anyone sentenced for trate acts of violence against religious religion-related violence, and terror- “deviancy,” “denigrating religion,” or communities; ism, including violence against places “blasphemy;” and • Prioritize funding for governmental, of worship, through practices consis- tent with international human rights • Amending the 2006 Joint Regulation civil society, and media programs that standards, while ensuring those offi- on Houses of Worship to allow reli- promote religious freedom, counter cers have not been implicated in past gious communities the right to build extremism, build intra-faith and inter- human rights abuses pursuant to Leahy and maintain their places of worship faith alliances, expand the reporting Amendment vetting procedures. free from discrimination and threats; ability of human rights defenders, train U.S. COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM | ANNUAL REPORT 2017 www.USCIRF.gov | [email protected] | @USCIRF TIER 2 TIER INDONESIA BACKGROUND example, in West Papua, non-Muslims feel increasing Indonesia is the world’s most populous Muslim- pressure and discrimination from Muslims. Some majority country: more than 87 percent of its 258 Indonesians are concerned by what they perceive is the million people identify as Muslim. The majority of “Arabization” or “creeping Islamization” of the country’s Indonesia’s Muslims are Sunni, although up to three more pluralistic form of Islam. Hardline groups such million are Shi’a and up to 400,000 Ahmadis. Protes- as the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) and the country’s tant Christians make up 7 percent of the population, top Muslim clerical body, the Indonesian Council of Catholics approximately 3 percent, and Hindus less Ulema (MUI), have long held their own views of the than 2 percent. In some parts of the country, Chris- proper ways to practice Islam. This perspective shuns tians or Hindus comprise non-Sunni Muslims, the majority, which such as Shi’a Muslims and Ahmadis. Some means that even though Tensions ran high during the Muslims are the major- Indonesians attribute this last few months of the reporting period increasingly conserva- ity overall, in certain because of politically charged blasphemy areas they are in the tive, less tolerant brand accusations against Jakarta Governor of Islam to the growing demographic minority. Basuki “Ahok” Tjahaja Purnama. Indonesia is secular and influence of Saudi Arabia, recognizes six religions: including that coun- Islam, Catholicism, Prot- try’s plans to expand its estantism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Confucianism. Institute for the Study of Islam and Arabic (LIPIA). Based Smaller segments of the population practice unrec- in Jakarta, Indonesia’s capital, LIPIA offers all-expense- ognized faiths, such as Baha’ism, Sikhism, Judaism, paid education to Indonesian students, which for some Falun Gong, and traditional belief systems. could lead to the opportunity to study in Saudi Arabia. Individuals of many faiths—even beyond the six But this Saudi-funded education adheres to strict, Salafi officially recognized religions—have the ability to prac- Islam, which considerably differs from the style of Islam tice, worship, and teach freely, although this varies from prevalent in Indonesia. province to province across Indonesia’s vast archipel- Tensions ran high during the last few months of the ago. Some religiously diverse neighborhoods have long reporting period because of politically charged blas- traditions of interfaith interaction and cooperation, and phemy accusations against Jakarta Governor Basuki the government is believed to be working on legislation “Ahok” Tjahaja Purnama. (For more information, see intended to strengthen religious freedom, although the the Blasphemy section below.) Thousands of Mus- contents are unknown. Even so, throughout its history, lims, including hardliners, accused Ahok of insulting less tolerant attitudes have been present in Indonesia the Qur’an and staged several protests and rallies in and continue today in some parts of the country. For Jakarta. The Indonesian government urged calm and U.S. COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM | ANNUAL REPORT 2017 www.USCIRF.gov | [email protected] | @USCIRF TIER 2 TIER INDONESIA understanding and also respected the right of individ- faulty or missing permits or other regulation-related uals to protest peacefully. Furthermore, President Joko paperwork as justification to protest houses of worship “Jokowi” Widodo ordered additional security forces or to pressure local officials to deny or revoke permis- to maintain public order and deter violence. Promi- sions or close the structures. At times, mob violence nent Muslims, including from the two largest Muslim leads to significant property damage and displacement organizations, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammad- of affected religious communities, such as in 2015 at iyah, discouraged their members from participating Christian churches in Aceh Singkil District in Aceh and in protests. However, some critics blamed the new at a Muslim mosque in Tolikara, Papua. government for not doing enough to control hardline In July 2016, a mob attacked and burned down individuals and groups in the first place. At the end of several Buddhist temples and other property in North the reporting period, Ahok garnered the most votes in Sumatra. In recent years, closures of and threats Jakarta’s three-way gubernatorial election on February and attacks against Buddhist sites have occurred in 15, 2017, but failed to secure more than 50 percent of the other parts of the country. Reports indicated the July vote that would have prevented a second-round election violence may have started when a woman of Chinese in April. descent expressed her frustration at the loud micro- In 2016, Indonesia’s independent National Human phone volume from a nearby mosque. Police were Rights Commission, Komisi Nasional Hak Asaki Manu- able to prevent some of the attacks from spreading to sia (Komnas HAM), continued to focus on freedom of other structures, and authorities later detained seven religion or belief. In January 2017, Komnas HAM issued individuals and named several others as suspects. its findings of religious freedom violations for 2016. Kom- Muhammadiyah, Indonesia’s second-largest Muslim nas HAM found that some provinces, such as West Java, group, called for tolerance and calm after the incident, experience far more religious intolerance than others, and President Jokowi instructed the National Police to and that regional government officials often are respon- apprehend the perpetrators. sible for either tolerating or directly perpetrating abuses, an observation echoed by the Setara Institute, a local nongovernmental organization. In December 2016, NU In July 2016, a mob attacked and echoed the findings about rising religious intolerance. burned down several Buddhist temples RELIGIOUS FREEDOM CONDITIONS and other property in North Sumatra. 2016–2017 Forced Closures of and Violence against Religious Properties In April 2016, Muslim hardliners in Bekasi, West Local authorities and hardliners often rely on the 2006 Java, closed the Santa Clara Catholic Church only weeks Joint Regulation on Houses of Worship to deny or restrict after the new building opened. The previous month, parishioners’ access to houses of worship. Under the the local FKUB confirmed the validity of the church’s 2006 regulation, houses of worship are required to permit after many of these same hardliners prevented obtain
Recommended publications
  • Politics and Business: the Policy on Tin Mining in Bangka
    International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs (IJBEA) 4(3), 133-139 (2019) DOI: 10.24088/IJBEA-2019-43004 ISSN: 2519-9986 Politics and Business: The Policy on Tin Mining in Bangka HARTUTI PURNAWENI 1∗, KISMARTINI 2, BULAN PRABAWANI 3, ALI ROZIQIN 4 1,2,3 Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia 4 Muhammadiyah University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia Abstract: Many studies have been done on mining and its impacts, including in terms of political issues. However, this study provides new insights by focusing on conflicts between politics and business in tin mining in Bangka, Indonesia. This study was aimed at assessing political and business dynamics at local levels concerning the policy on tin mining management in Bangka Island. This qualitative research type used both primary and secondary data. It focused on the impact of the implementation of the policy on mining management which opens opportunities for non-state actors to get access in tin mining, in which politics is also involved. The study implies that authority competition and conflict of interests in the tin mining management in Bangka Island deflected its original goal, which was said to increase the local peoples welfare. Keywords: Bangka island, Business, Policy on mining, Politics Received: 15 February 2019 / Accepted: 28 April 2019 / Published: 30 June 2019 INTRODUCTION Mineral mining activities are seen all over the world, in which the demand for minerals always increases in line with human needs. Mining activities which related to extracting of various minerals plays a prominent role in the global, regional, and local economic development (McMahon & Remy, 2001). Throughout the world, the demand for minerals always increases and is expected to increase due to the always-increasing human needs.
    [Show full text]
  • New Paradigm of Marine Geopark Concept and Information System
    tal Zone as M o a C n f a o g l e a m n e r Hartoko et al., J Coast Zone Manag 2018, 21:2 n u t o J Journal of Coastal Zone Management DOI: 10.4172/2473-3350.1000464 ISSN: 2473-3350 Research Article Open Access New Paradigm of Marine Geopark Concept and Information System Based of Webserver at Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia Agus Hartoko1*, Eddy Jajang Jaya Atmaja2, Ghiri Basuki Putra3, Irvani Fachruddin4, Rio Armanda Agustian5 and M Helmi6 1Department of Fisheries, Diponegoro University, Indonesia 2Department of Agribisnis, University of Bangka Belitung, Indonesia 3Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Bangka Belitung, Indonesia 4Department of Mining, University of Bangka Belitung, Indonesia 5University of Bangka Belitung, Indonesia 6Department of Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Indonesia *Corresponding author: Agus Hartoko, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science University of Diponegoro, Indonesia, Tel: +62-24-8452560; E- mail: [email protected] Received Date: October 25, 2018; Accepted Date: November 15, 2018; Published Date: November 23, 2018 Copyright: © 2018 Hartoko A, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Based on UNESCO, Geopark is a defined area with a series of specific geological features, variety of endemic flora and fauna aimed for local and regional educational and economic development. Several areas in Indonesia had been designated as geopark and one of them is at Bangka Belitung Province by Indonesian Geopark Authority in 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Perkembangan Era
    BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Perkembangan era digital membuat kebebasan individu dalam memperoleh dan menyebarkan informasi menjadi sangat mudah dan semakin terbuka. Kemajuan teknologi informasi adalah akar dari kebebasan tersebut. Informasi yang dibutuhkan oleh seseorang mampu diperoleh darimana saja, baik dari individu lain, kelompok masyarakat serta berbagai media baru seperti internet. Konvergensi media kini telah menggabungkan dan mengintergrasikan media konvensional atau analog kedalam bentuk digitalisasi informasi, melalui platform yang terdapat pada teknologi komunikasi digital seperti halnya smartphone. Smartphone adalah alat komunikasi digital yang digunakan seseorang untuk berinteraksi satu sama lain. Melalui smartphone banyak cara yang dilakukan seseorang untuk berinteraksi, salah satunya melalui media sosial. Data yang diambil dari APJII (Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia) pengguna internet melalui perangkat mobile (smartphone) mencapai 63,1 juta pengguna atau sekitar 47,6%. Data tersebut menunjukan bahwa presentasi pengguna internet melalui smartphone lebih besar dibandingkan dengan penggunaan komputer saat ini. APJII juga menjelaskan melalui presentasi tersebut pengguna perangkat komputer yang hanya mencapai 17% atau sebanyak 2,2 juta pengguna. Kondisi tersebut menunjukan bahwa perilaku masyarakat dalam mencari informasi telah beralih, sehingga masyarakat kini lebih banyak menggunakan perangkat smartphone dibandingkan dengan menggunakan komputer. Gambar 1.1 Perilaku Pengguna Internet Indonesia (sumber:
    [Show full text]
  • Violent Extremism in Indonesia: Radicalism, Intolerance
    VIOLENT EXTREMISM IN INDONESIA: RADICALISM, INTOLERANCE WINTER 2017 AND ELECTIONS A PROJECT FROM THE INTERNATIONAL REPUBLICAN INSTITUTE Violent Extremism in Indonesia: Radicalism, Intolerance and Elections Copyright © 2018 International Republican Institute. All rights reserved. Permission Statement: No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system without the written permission of the International Republican Institute. Requests for permission should include the following information: • The title of the document for which permission to copy material is desired. • A description of the material for which permission to copy is desired. • The purpose for which the copied material will be used and the manner in which it will be used. • Your name, title, company or organization name, telephone number, fax number, e-mail address and mailing address. Please send all requests for permission to: Attn: Department of External Affairs International Republican Institute 1225 Eye Street NW, Suite 800 Washington, DC 20005 [email protected] VIOLENT EXTREMISM IN INDONESIA: RADICALISM, INTOLERANCE AND ELECTIONS WINTER 2017 International Republican Institute IRI.org @IRI_Polls © 2018 All Rights Reserved 2 IRI | WINTER 2017 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Approach hardship and its defense of free expression. • In late 2017, the International Republican However, members of the nationalist parties, Institute (IRI) conducted a series of focus group which control government, were less critical of discussions (FGDs) to gain insight into the the government and its overall representation of local political dynamics in West Java that are constituents and ability to address the country’s contributing to radicalism and intolerance, with primary challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • Constructing” the Jemaah Islamiyah Terrorist: a Preliminary Inquiry
    No. 71 “CONSTRUCTING” THE JEMAAH ISLAMIYAH TERRORIST: A PRELIMINARY INQUIRY Kumar Ramakrishna Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies Singapore OCTOBER 2004 With Compliments This Working Paper series presents papers in a preliminary form and serves to stimulate comment and discussion. The views expressed are entirely the author’s own and not that of the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies The Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies (IDSS) was established in July 1996 as an autonomous research institute within the Nanyang Technological University. Its objectives are to: • Conduct research on security, strategic and international issues. • Provide general and graduate education in strategic studies, international relations, defence management and defence technology. • Promote joint and exchange programmes with similar regional and international institutions; organise seminars/conferences on topics salient to the strategic and policy communities of the Asia-Pacific. Research Through its Working Paper Series, IDSS Commentaries and other publications, the Institute seeks to share its research findings with the strategic studies and defence policy communities. The Institute’s researchers are also encouraged to publish their writings in refereed journals. The focus of research is on issues relating to the security and stability of the Asia-Pacific region and their implications for Singapore and other countries in the region. The Institute has also established the S. Rajaratnam Professorship in Strategic Studies (named after Singapore’s first Foreign Minister), to bring distinguished scholars to participate in the work of the Institute. Previous holders of the Chair include Professors Stephen Walt (Harvard University), Jack Snyder (Columbia University), Wang Jisi (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) and Alastair Iain Johnston (Harvard University).
    [Show full text]
  • Bangka Belitung Islands: Great Potencies of Massive Environmental Impacts
    125 E3S W eb of C onferences , 09008 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912509008 ICENIS 2019 Bangka Belitung Islands: Great Potencies of Massive Environmental Impacts Hartuti Purnaweni1,2,*, Kismartini1,2, Bulan Prabawani,3, Ali Roziqin4 1Public Administration Department, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro Indonesia 2Master and Doctorate Program of Environmental Science, School of Post Graduate, Undip, Indonesia. 3Business Administration Department, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Undip, Indonesia 4Government Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah, Malang Abstract. Mining is a very crucial activity of human being and is practiced everywhere in the world, including in Bangka Belitung Province which is rich in tin, making tin is the leading commodity in this area. This study aimed at analyzing the Bangka Belitung profile, tin mining activities in this area and its impact on an environmental conditions in Bangka Belitung Islands. The study applied a descriptive-qualitative method, using data from library study and previous researches dealing with the research topic, as well as data from field observation. It concluded that tin mining has been done since the Dutch era in Bangka Belitung, and is more active today. Therefore, it is concluded that massive environmental degradation will occur should the mining practices are not stopped. The study It is recommended that the government has to strengthen its policy in the form of local regulation on the tin mining activities for erecting a better public administration practices. Keywords: tin; mining; environmental degradation; local regulation. bauxite, tin, bronze, gold, silver, asphalt, phosphor, and phosphate. Mining activities in an area has both positive 1 Introduction and negative impacts.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Tourism on Economy Development in Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung
    International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (IJPSAT) ISSN: 2509-0119. © 2018 International Journals of Sciences and High Technologies http://ijpsat.ijsht-journals.org Vol . 9 No. 2 July 2018, pp. 177-185 Impact of Tourism on Economy Development in Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Dhani Effendi Department of Regional and Rural Development Planning, University of Sumatera Utara North Sumatra, Indonesia Prof. Dr. Suwardi Lubis, MS Department of Communication Science , Faculty of Political and Social Science University of Sumatera Utara, North Sumatra, Indonesia Prof. Dr. H. B. Tarmizi, SU Department of Economic Development, Faculty of Economics and Business University of Sumatera Utara, North Sumatra, Indonesia Abstract - This study aim to find potential that can be developed in tourism from nature, culture and human resources so that the government of Central Bangka Regency able to manage tourism and determine alternative tour ism development strategy in Central Bangka R egency towards regional economy devel opment. Population and sample of the research are people in tourism area in Central Bangka Regency. The ana lysis used in this research is r egression model. The result of research shows that tourism development which include demand and supply factor have positive and significant influence to economic development of Central Bangka Regency. Keywords - Economy Development, Supply and Demand , Tourism I. INTRODUCTION Central Bangka Regency was establi shed on February 25, 2003 based on Law No 5/2003. One of the development Regional develo pment is an integral part of national sectors currently being developed in Central Bangka development. In managing regional development needs to Regency is tourism sector.
    [Show full text]
  • Islamist Buzzers: Message Flooding, Offline Outreach, and Astroturfing Seto, Ario
    www.ssoar.info Islamist Buzzers: Message Flooding, Offline Outreach, and Astroturfing Seto, Ario Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Seto, A. (2019). Islamist Buzzers: Message Flooding, Offline Outreach, and Astroturfing. ASEAS - Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, 12(2), 187-208. https://doi.org/10.14764/10.ASEAS-0021 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.de Aktuelle Südostasienforschung Current Research on Southeast Asia Islamist Buzzers: Message Flooding, Offline Outreach, and Astroturfing Ario Seto ► Seto, A. (2019). Islamist buzzers: Message flooding, offline outreach, and astroturfing.Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, 12(2), 187-208. Based on ethnographic research on Islamist buzzers – social media political operators tasked with making particular online conversation subjects trend – in Indonesia, this article details the process of how the proliferation of insensitive message in both the online and offline realms plays a role in mobilizing those sympathetic to religious fundamental- ism. As this research shows, the interviewed buzzers were one of the driving forces behind the massive success of the fundamentalist Islamic Defenders Front (Front Pembela Islam, FPI) as they mobilized people to participate in the organization’s political rallies between 2016 and 2017. Driven by altruistic volunteerism and sense of community, these actors go beyond their duty as click-farmers.
    [Show full text]
  • Ahmad Izzan Dindin Moh Saepudin METODE PEMBELAJARAN AL
    Ahmad Izzan Dindin Moh Saepudin METODE PEMBELAJARAN AL-QUR‟AN Pembelajaran Al-Qur‟an KATA PENGANTAR Bismillahirrahmanirrahim Alhamdulilah, puji dan syukur penulis haturkan kepada Allah SWT atas selesainya pembuatan buku “Kapita Selekta Pembelajaran Al-Qur‟an” bagi mahasiswa Prodi Ilmu Al-Qur‟an dan Tafsir fakultas Ushuluddin Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung . Salawat dan salam semoga terlimpahkan kepada Nabi Muhammad Saw., Buku ini merupakan kumpulan metode-metode yang dikemukakan oleh para ahli dalam bidang Alquran dari berbagai segi yaitu Ilmu Tahsin, Tajwid, Tahfidz, Kitabah dan Tarjamah. Tujuan dari penulis buku ini dikhususkan kepada Mahasiswa yang mepelajari metodologi pembalajaran Al-Qur‟an sebagai bahan bacaan dan rujukan dalam belajar. Penulis ucapkan terima kasih kepada pihak-pihak yang terkait, kritik dan saran penulis harapkan dalam pengembangan substansi buku ini. Bandung, 30 Agustus 2018 Penulis, Transliterasi Arab Latin Pedoman transliterasi (pemindahan bahasa Arab ke dalam tulisan bahasa Indonesia ) dalam penulisan ilmiah. 1. Konsonan Fonem konsonan bahasa Arab, yang dalam sistem tulisan Arab dilambangkan dengan huruf, sebagian dengan tanda, sebagian lagi dengan huruf dan tanda sekaligus, seperti berikut ini : Huruf Nama Huruf Nama Huruf Nama Arab Arab Arab q ق z ص a ا k ن s س b ب l ل sh ش t ت m م {s ص th ث n ى {d ض j ج h هـ {t ط {h ح w و {z ظ kh خ y ي „ ع d د gh غ dh ر f ف r س 2. Vokal a. Vokal Tunggal Tanda Nama huruf Nama Vokal latin Fath}ah A A ــَـ Kasrah I I ـــِ D{ammah U U ـــُ b.
    [Show full text]
  • I. Introduction II. GUARANTEES of FREEDOM of RELIGION OR BELIEF
    UNIVERSAL PERIODIC REVIEW (UPR) ON THE CONDITION OF FREEDOM OF RELIGION AND BELIEF 27th UPR Working Group Session: Indonesia I. Introduction 1. This report was prepared by a number of CSOs concentrating on issues of freedom of religion and belief in Indonesia: Human Rights Working Group (HRWG), Setara Institute for Democracy and Peace, Banda Aceh Legal Aid Institute (LBH Banda Aceh), the Institute for Islamic and Social Studies (LKIS) Yogyakarta, the Indonesian Legal Aid Foundation (YLBHI), and Solidaritas Perempuan (Women’s Solidarity for Human Rights), Association of Journalists for Diversity (SEJUK), Association of Asian Muslim Network (AMAN) Indonesia, CMARs (Center for Marginalized Communities Studies). The report drafted based on the 3 days focus group discussion in Bogor on 28-30 October 2016 and regular communications. (See, Annex I for the profiles) II. GUARANTEES OF FREEDOM OF RELIGION OR BELIEF (Para. 108.98, 108.99, 108.100, 108.102, 108. 103, 108.104, 108.106, 108.111)i 2. The right to freedom of religion or belief has a strong legal basis in Indonesia. Religious freedom is guaranteed by the Constitution – positioned at the top of the Indonesian legal hierarchy – as well as by statutes and regulations that guarantee recognition, protection, respect and promotion of human rights. Nevertheless, there are many national legislative products that threaten freedom of religion and belief, as was recognized in the last periodic review process. A. Regulations that Guarantee Freedom of Religion and Belief 3. Article 29(2) of the Indonesian Constitution guarantees all persons the freedom of worship, each according to his/her own religion or belief.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise of Islamic Religious-Political
    Hamid Fahmy Zarkasyi THE RISE OF ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS-POLITICAL MOVEMENTS IN INDONESIA The Background, Present Situation and Future1 Hamid Fahmy Zarkasyi The Institute for Islamic Studies of Darussalam, Gontor Ponorogo, Indonesia Abstract: This paper traces the roots of the emergence of Islamic religious and political movements in Indonesia especially during and after their depoliticization during the New Order regime. There were two important impacts of the depoliticization, first, the emergence of various study groups and student organizations in university campuses. Second, the emergence of Islamic political parties after the fall of Suharto. In addition, political freedom after long oppression also helped create religious groups both radical on the one hand and liberal on the other. These radical and liberal groups were not only intellectual movements but also social and political in nature. Although the present confrontation between liberal and moderate Muslims could lead to serious conflict in the future, and would put the democratic atmosphere at risk, the role of the majority of the moderates remains decisive in determining the course of Islam and politics in Indonesia. Keywords: Islamic religious-political movement, liberal Islam, non-liberal Indonesian Muslims. Introduction The rise of Islamic political parties and Islamic religious movements after the fall of Suharto was not abrupt in manner. The process was gradual, involving numbers of national and global factors. 1 The earlier version of this paper was presented at the conference “Islam and Asia: Revisiting the Socio-Political Dimension of Islam,” jointly organized by Japan Institute of International Affairs (JIIA) and Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (IKIM), 15-16 October, Tokyo.
    [Show full text]
  • Baseline Survey Report 11 Nov2020.Pdf
    Establishment and Operation of a Regional System of Fisheries Refugia in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand REPORT BASELINE SURVEY FOR ESTABLISHING FISHERIES REFUGIA IN PROVINCE OF BANGKA BELITUNG ISLANDS 1. PRELIMINARY The Province of Bangka Belitung Islands is a province in Indonesia which consist of two main islands, namely Bangka Island and Belitung as well as hundreds of small islands. The total area of land and sea of Province of Bangka Belitung Islands reached 81,725.06 km2 with the sea area of approximately 65,302 km2, or 79.90 percent of total area of Bangka Belitung Islands. Bangka Belitung sea waters contain a variety of fish. Small pelagic fish, coral reef fish, squid and other species of fishes can be found in auction market. The capture fisheries production in Bangka Belitung Island in the 2011-2018 period was recorded to reach 236,508.28 tons. The squid is one of superior commodity of Bangka Belitung Islands. The squid is non- fishery export which higher compared to other commodities and has contributed high economic value to fisheries sector in Bangka Belitung. It is known that the quality of the frozen fresh squid caught from Bangka Belitung water sea is the highest quality in the export trade. However, there are several threats faced by squid fisheries in Bangka Belitung Islands, such as a tendency to be over-exploited, and indications of damage to nursery habitat and spawning habitat. There are indications that exploitation of squid in the Bangka Belitung sea is not only for adult but also in juvenile.
    [Show full text]