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Irish Children's Literature and the Poetics of Memory, 1892-2016
Irish Children’s Literature and the Poetics of Memory, 1892-2016 A Thesis submitted to the School of English at the University of Dublin, Trinity College, for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. February 2019 Rebecca Ann Long I declare that this thesis has not been submitted as an exercise for a degree at this or any other university and it is entirely my own work. I agree to deposit this thesis in the University’s open access institutional repository or allow the Library to do so on my behalf, subject to Irish Copyright Legislation and Trinity College Library conditions of use and acknowledgement. _________________________________ Rebecca Long February 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY………………………………………………………………………………..i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………....iii INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………....4 CHAPTER ONE: RETRIEVING……………………………………………………………………………29 CHAPTER TWO: RE- TELLING……………………………………………………………………………...…64 CHAPTER THREE: REMEMBERING……………………………………………………………………....106 CHAPTER FOUR: RE- IMAGINING………………………………………………………………………........158 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………..……..210 WORKS CITED………………………….…………………………………………………….....226 Summary This thesis explores the recurring patterns of Irish mythological narratives that influence literature produced for children in Ireland following the Celtic Revival and into the twenty- first century. A selection of children’s books published between 1892 and 2016 are discussed with the aim of demonstrating the development of a pattern of retrieving, re-telling, remembering and re-imagining myths -
THE MYTHOLOGY, TRADITIONS and HISTORY of Macdhubhsith
THE MYTHOLOGY, TRADITIONS and HISTORY OF MacDHUBHSITH ― MacDUFFIE CLAN (McAfie, McDuffie, MacFie, MacPhee, Duffy, etc.) VOLUME 2 THE LANDS OF OUR FATHERS PART 2 Earle Douglas MacPhee (1894 - 1982) M.M., M.A., M.Educ., LL.D., D.U.C., D.C.L. Emeritus Dean University of British Columbia This 2009 electronic edition Volume 2 is a scan of the 1975 Volume VII. Dr. MacPhee created Volume VII when he added supplemental data and errata to the original 1792 Volume II. This electronic edition has been amended for the errata noted by Dr. MacPhee. - i - THE LIVES OF OUR FATHERS PREFACE TO VOLUME II In Volume I the author has established the surnames of most of our Clan and has proposed the sources of the peculiar name by which our Gaelic compatriots defined us. In this examination we have examined alternate progenitors of the family. Any reader of Scottish history realizes that Highlanders like to move and like to set up small groups of people in which they can become heads of families or chieftains. This was true in Colonsay and there were almost a dozen areas in Scotland where the clansman and his children regard one of these as 'home'. The writer has tried to define the nature of these homes, and to study their growth. It will take some years to organize comparative material and we have indicated in Chapter III the areas which should require research. In Chapter IV the writer has prepared a list of possible chiefs of the clan over a thousand years. The books on our Clan give very little information on these chiefs but the writer has recorded some probable comments on his chiefship. -
Celtic Egyptians: Isis Priests of the Lineage of Scota
Celtic Egyptians: Isis Priests of the Lineage of Scota Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers – the primary creative genius behind the famous British occult group, the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn – and his wife Moina Mathers established a mystery religion of Isis in fin-de-siècle Paris. Lawrence Durdin-Robertson, his wife Pamela, and his sister Olivia created the Fellowship of Isis in Ireland in the early 1970s. Although separated by over half a century, and not directly associated with each other, both groups have several characteristics in common. Each combined their worship of an ancient Egyptian goddess with an interest in the Celtic Revival; both claimed that their priestly lineages derived directly from the Egyptian queen Scota, mythical foundress of Ireland and Scotland; and both groups used dramatic ritual and theatrical events as avenues for the promulgation of their Isis cults. The Parisian Isis movement and the Fellowship of Isis were (and are) historically-inaccurate syncretic constructions that utilised the tradition of an Egyptian origin of the peoples of Scotland and Ireland to legitimise their founders’ claims of lineal descent from an ancient Egyptian priesthood. To explore this contention, this chapter begins with brief overviews of Isis in antiquity, her later appeal for Enlightenment Freemasons, and her subsequent adoption by the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. It then explores the Parisian cult of Isis, its relationship to the Celtic Revival, the myth of the Egyptian queen Scota, and examines the establishment of the Fellowship of Isis. The Parisian mysteries of Isis and the Fellowship of Isis have largely been overlooked by critical scholarship to date; the use of the medieval myth of Scota by the founders of these groups has hitherto been left unexplored. -
Irish Pre-Christian Sagas
IRISH PRE-CHRISTIAN SAGAS BRO. ATHANAS/US M. McLOUGHLIN, 0. P. ANY hundreds of years before the coming of Christ a vast empire stretched across the continent of Europe. It was formed by people Celtic in blood, in speech, and in customs, fl and it was a formidable power feared alike by Greeks and Romans. Once indeed, on the ill-omened "Dies Alliensis," July 18, 39o, B. c., it brought the mighty "Mistress of the World" to her knees in shame and terror, when the Celts, turning at one blow the flank of the Roman army, completely annihilated it, and pillaged and burned the Eternal City. Then with the gradually increasing pressure of the Roman legions, and the south and westward movements of the Teutons, little by little, this great empire disintegrated; one by one its nations were brought to bear the foreign yoke or fell before the fire and sword of the barbarian hordes. Where Celtic towns had flourished sprang up German villages or Roman provinces. Celtic civilization, which had reached a very high state, was submerged and absorbed by Roman and German colonizations until the very lan guage of the continental Celts was lost. So complete was this inter mingling of the various cultures that today it seems almost impossible to detern1ine just what is the Celtic element in European progress. But it is there, undeniably important, and it is the task of the student of modern civilization to sift out the Celtic leaven. There was one spot where the Roman never came and where the Teuton could gain no permanent foothold. -
Myths and Legends of the Celtic Race by Thomas William Rolleston
The Project Gutenberg EBook of Myths and Legends of the Celtic Race by Thomas William Rolleston This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: Myths and Legends of the Celtic Race Author: Thomas William Rolleston Release Date: October 16, 2010 [Ebook 34081] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MYTHS AND LEGENDS OF THE CELTIC RACE*** MYTHS & LEGENDS OF THE CELTIC RACE Queen Maev T. W. ROLLESTON MYTHS & LEGENDS OF THE CELTIC RACE CONSTABLE - LONDON [8] British edition published by Constable and Company Limited, London First published 1911 by George G. Harrap & Co., London [9] PREFACE The Past may be forgotten, but it never dies. The elements which in the most remote times have entered into a nation's composition endure through all its history, and help to mould that history, and to stamp the character and genius of the people. The examination, therefore, of these elements, and the recognition, as far as possible, of the part they have actually contributed to the warp and weft of a nation's life, must be a matter of no small interest and importance to those who realise that the present is the child of the past, and the future of the present; who will not regard themselves, their kinsfolk, and their fellow-citizens as mere transitory phantoms, hurrying from darkness into darkness, but who know that, in them, a vast historic stream of national life is passing from its distant and mysterious origin towards a future which is largely conditioned by all the past wanderings of that human stream, but which is also, in no small degree, what they, by their courage, their patriotism, their knowledge, and their understanding, choose to make it. -
Ritual and Myths Between Ireland and Galicia. the Irish Milesian Myth in the Leabhar Gabhála Éireann: Over the Ninth Wave
Ritual and Myths between Ireland and Galicia. The Irish Milesian Myth in the Leabhar Gabhála Éireann: Over the Ninth Wave. Origins, Contacts and Literary Evidence. This dissertation investigates the accuracy of the the Leabhar Gabhála Éireann and a consequent pre-Christian relationships possibly existing between Ireland and Galicia, as described in the Leabhar Gabhála Éireann. Student Name: Monica O‘Reilly Vazquez Student Number: 56117507 A dissertation submitted to Dublin City University in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MA by Research. School of Applied Language and Intercultural Studies (SALIS). Supervisor: Jean-Philippe Imbert, School of Applied Language and Intercultural Studies (SALIS). Dublin City University. September 2011 1 I hereby certify that this material, which I now submit for assessment on the programme of study leading to the award of MA by Research is entirely my own work, that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge breach any law of copyright, and has not been taken from the work of others save and to the extent that such work has been cited and acknowledged within the text of my work. Signed: ____Monica O[Reilly Vazquez_______________ (Candidate) ID No.: 56117507 Date: _10th September 2011__ 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ..............................................................................................................................6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………………………………..7 LIST OF APPENDICES ……………………………………………………………………...8 -
Lebor Gabála Érenn
LEBOR GABÁLA ÉRENN The Book of the Taking of Ireland PART VI Index B-C EDITED AND TRANSLATED WITH NOTES, ETC. BY R. A. Stewart Macalister, D.Litt. Index Compiled by Michael Murphy 2008 B Baad ( See : Baath 2) Baath 1 –The ō Clérigh version “is unique in supplying the Scythian king with a brother, Baath, who aids him in the fight against the followers of Sru.” ( source : Macalister, LGE, Vol. 2 , p. 5) Baath 2 [Baad] – Baath 2 was the son of Ibath son of Bethach son of Iardan [Iarbonel] son of Nemed; his son was Enda [Enna]. He was one of the thirty warriors who survived the battle at Conaing’s Tower. After- wards “Ibath and his son Baath went into the north of the world.” ( source : Macalister, LGE, Vol. 1 , p. 173; Vol. 3 , p. 125, 143, 145, 153, 196; Vol. 4 , p. 98, 127, 153, 155, 187) Baath 3 – Baath 3 was the son of Ibath son of Feinius Farsaid. His son was Nenual. ( source : Macalister, LGE, Vol. 2 , p. 23, 130) Baath 4 – Baath 4 was the son of Ibath son of Gomer son of Iafeth. His son was Feinius Farsaid. “Of him [Baath 4] are the Gaedil and the people of Scythia.” ( source : Macalister, LGE, Vol. 2 , p. 9, 23, 126, 153, 157, 161, 253) Baath 5 [Bathath] – Baath 5 was the son of Magog son of Iafeth son of Noe. His sons were Alainus and Feinius Farsaid. “Of him [Baath 5] are the Gaedil and the people of Scythia.” ( source : Macalister, LGE, Vol. -
Place Names, Highlands & Islands of Scotland
4 r D PLACE NAMES HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS OF SCOTLAND y-V~7'*'t^ z^--*^ Q HIGHLANDS & ISLANDS OF SCOTLAND ALEX. MacBAIN, M.A.,LL.D. WITH NOTE.S AND A FOREWORD BY WILLIAM J. WATSON, MA.,LL.D. - \^' ^'--fSSSSS^.-sll^^ ENEAS MACKAY 43 MURRAY PLACE, STIRLING 1922 INTROiJUCTION. Dr Alexander Macbain's work on Names of Places deals with the Cehic names of pre-Gaehc " " he calls Pictish with Gaehc origin which ; names, ancl with names of Norse origin which have been transmitted through Gaelic. The area from which he took his materials was chiefly Inverness-shire, Sutherland, and Lewis. His views on the language spoken by the Picts are " given in his paper on Ptolemy's Geography of Scotland" (published separately), in his edition of Skene's "Highlanders of Scotland," and in several papers contained in this volume, particu- " larly that on the Place-Names of Inverness- shire." His position is that the Picts spoke that the Celtic Early British or a dialect of it, and language of early Britain was practically homo- geneous from the English Channel to the very North. He agrees with Kuno Meyer in holding " that no Gael ever set his foot on British soil save from a vessel that had put out from Ire- larid." Further, assuming that the terms Cruthen (which is the Gaelic form of Briton) and Pict are co-extensive and mutually convertible, VI. INTKODUCTION. ' ' ' he includes under Picts ' the whole of the Celtic settlers in Britain prior to the Belgae, thus ignoring the facts that the Picts are not heard of till about 300 %^, and that all old authorities (Gildas, Nennius, Bede, &c.) state that their original seat in Scotland was in the far North. -
Celtic Mythology and Myth-History
Celtic Mythology and Myth-History There are more sources, and hence more names, for Irish mythology than for Welsh. Some of the figures are analogous, but the lateness of the Welsh sources obscures what common elements there may have been. There does not exist, in either case, the highly organized body of multiple stories associated with the "gods," nor are Celtic mythical figures as clearly delineated in terms of function as are the Greek, Roman, or Egyptian gods. In both groups, sacred space tends to be defined by natural phenomena, especially forests and groves. "Fairy" mounds, both natural and artificial also figure in both mythologies. The "Other World," almost always separated from the everyday world by the thinnest of boundaries, can be located either within a mound or across the sea. Irish The Irish Literary "Cycles": The Mythological Cycle (includes The Second Battle of Mag Tuired) The Ulster Cycle (includes the Táin Bó Cuailgne) The Finn Cycle (stories of Finn macCumaill; sometimes called the Ossianic cycle after Oisin, Finn's son) The Historical Cycle (assorted legends of kings) The Mythical Settlements of Ireland (From the Book of Invasions): Cessair Partholon Nemed (progenitor of the next two groups; opponent of the indigenous Fomorians) Fir Bolg (fled to the Aran Islands after the first Battle of Mag Tuired) Tuatha Dé Danann (fought the Fomorians in the Second Battle of Mag Tuired; retired to the sídh [fairy mounds]) Sons of Mil (Gaels) Important Persons of the Tuatha Dé: Lugh (called Lamfhada or "Long-Armed" and "Samildanach" -
LEBOR GABÁLA ÉRENN the Book of the Taking of Ireland PART VI Index N
LEBOR GABÁLA ÉRENN The Book of the Taking of Ireland PART VI Index N EDITED AND TRANSLATED WITH NOTES, ETC. BY R. A. Stewart Macalister, D.Litt. Index Compiled by Michael Murphy 2008 N Na Lee – Fiachra Lonn received the lands of Na Lee and Cairleog which were awarded to him for his help in the battle of Ocha. ( source: Macalister, LGE, Vol. 5 , p. 359) Naamah ( See : Coba) Nabcadon – Nabcadon was the first king of the Chaldeans. “In the 10 th year of the reign of Cyaxares, king of the Medes, Nabcadon went from Babylon; in his time the Temple of Solomon was burnt.” During his reign, “Astyages took the kingdom of the Medes. ““It was Nuadu Finn Fáil who was then over Ireland.” (source: Macalister, LGE, Vol. 5 , p. 249) ( See Also : Cyrus; Nabuchodonosor) Nabcadon Cirius ( See : Cyrus) Nabcodon 1 – Nabcodon 1 was one of 72 kings who built the Tower of Nemrod. “The list of heroes of Nimrod’s Tower agrees with that in Auraicept …The names are selected, on some random principle which it is futile to try to determine, from a list of the immediate descendants of Noah; with such incongruous additions as Nabcodon, Latinus, and Langobardus. The first of these comes from an Ogham alphabet of names: see Calder’s Auraicept, p. 20).” ( source : Macalister, LGE, Vol. 1 , p. 191, 267)) Nabcodon 2 – Nabcodon 2 was a linguist, associated with the school of languages in the city of Ibitena on the Plain of Senar built by Feinius Farsaid after the fall of the Tower on Nemrod. -
Irish Myths and Legends
IRISH MYTHS AND LEGENDS By Mike McPhee [Text of an address to the Sydney Unitarian Church on 27 September 2020.] The mythology of pre-Christian Ireland was preserved in an oral tradition. known as Béaloideas. With the arrival of Christianity, the first manuscripts were written in the monasteries, preserving many of these tales. Though the Christian influence is also seen in these manuscripts, this literature represents the most extensive and best preserved of all the branches of Celtic mythology. Although many of the manuscripts have not sur- vived and much more material was probably never committed to writing, there is enough remaining to enable the identification of distinct, if overlapping, cycles: 1. The Mythological Cycle – prehistorical 2. The Ulster Cycle – c. 1st Century CE 3. The Fenian Cycle – c. 3rd Century CE 4. The Historical Cycle – 5th Century CE onward There are also a number of extant mythological texts that do not fit into any of the cycles, and many recorded folk tales that continued as the oral tradition ran parallel to the manuscript tradition which, while not strictly mythological, feature personages from one or more of these four cycles. The Lebor Gabála Érenn (literally ‘The Book of the Takings of Ireland’), known in English as The Book of Invasions, is a collection of poems and prose narratives in the Irish language intended to be a history of Ireland and the Irish from the creation of the world to the Middle Ages. There are a number of versions, the earliest of which was compiled by an anonymous writer in the 11th Century. -
Early Ecclesiastical Sites in Scotland: a Field Survey, Part II
Early Ecclesiastical Sites in Scotland: a Field Survey, ParI I t by A. D. S. Macdonald and Lloyd R. Laing INTRODUCTION This paper continues the work started by the Inspectorate of Ancient Monuments in 1967 (see PSAS, c (1967-8), 123-34), and represents fieldwork carried out in 1968 and 1969. What was said in the first paragraph of the introduction to Part I applies here, but the restrictions necessarily imposed by other commitments within the Ancient Monuments Department has meant thae geographicath t l distributio sitee th sf o nliste described dan d belo ws somewhai t haphazard. Againfeatureo s brie e havd b y , an fo visitst ema beed sha n overlooke misinterr do - preted. Again t urge,no alsos di t thai , t surviving structura Earle l remainth f yo Christiae sar n period. The drawings are sketches based usually on the OS 25-in sheets and the titles are usually those which appear in the OS 6-in sheets. Sources frequently referred to have been abbreviated and listed in alphabetical order below. Other references appea fuln i r l unde relevane rth t entries. A brief discussion, with references, of the word which appears in the sources as abthania, abthein, etc, sometimes in translation as abbatia, and which is taken to denote the existence, at time th writinf eo formerlyr go monastia f ,o c communit Earlf yo y Christian type, wil foune lb d under Dull placename Th . e element nemed similarls i y treated under Fortingall Abernethyn O . , Rosemarkie, Dunkeld, Dunblane and Mortlach in particular, Professor G Donaldson's 'Scottish Bishops' Sees Befor Reige eth f Davino d I', PSAS, LXXXVII (1952-3), 106-17, shoul cone db - r Abernethysultedfo d AndersoO An .