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Participation in the Iwo Jima Operations

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Participation in the Iwo Jima Operations ,t v~ w m m m w ww m m Mm a^pZ*yi»'*~»Zj^tl^» a ••^•"•"•"•"•'•"•"•"•"•'?((^•••¦¦l m" \ Jr \^^^Bt Z»'»'^m'*%%% »J i m'm »'mi^^^uJu"SB***** S*>^ PARTICIPATION UNITED STATES ARMY FORCES ¦v in the PACIFIC OCEAN AREAS Lieutenant General ROBERT C. RICHARDSON, IR. <KS-.< DECLASSIFIED AFTER 12 YEARS. DOD DIB 5200.10 '¦^«ih »• HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES ARMY FORCES, MIDDLE PACIFIC OFFICE OF THE COMMANDING GENERAL APO 95& In reply refer to: 3 August 1946 KPXMS 052.05/19 (3 Aug 46 ) SUBJECT: Iwo Jima Participation Report TO Commanding General * Command and General Staff School Fort Leayenworth, Kansas 1; So much of Part 1, Section VII, paragraph 2a, page 33 > Iwo Jima Participation Report, as reads "162 d Antiaircraft Artillery Operations Detachment" is amended to read "163dAntiaircraft Artillery Operations Detachment, 2. It is requested that copies of subject report on file in your headquarters be amended accordingly. E. P.. CRANDELL Colonel, AG-D Adjutant General V HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES AEMY FORCES, KIDDLE PACIFIC OFFICE OF THE COMMANDING GENERAL APO 958 In reply refer to: 3 August 1946 KPXMS 052.05/19 (3Aug 46 ) SUBJECT: Iwo Jima Participation Report TO Commanding General Command and General Staff School Fort/Leavenworth, Kansas *<a 1; So much of Part 1, Section VII, paragraph 2a, page 33 > Iwo Jima Participation Report, as reads <f162.d Antiaircraft Artillery Operations Detachment" is amended to read "163dAntiaircraft Artillery Operations Detachment*" 2. It is requested that copies of subject report on file in your headquarters be amended accordingly. E. P* CRANDELL Colonel, AGD Adjutant General c V \ 4:St N> A:­ \ » HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES ARMY FORCES, kIDDLE PACIFIC OFFICE OF THE COMMANDING GENERAL APO 953 In reply refer to: 3 August 1946 UEQBS 052.05/19 (3Aug 46 ) SUBJECT: Iwo Jima Participation Report TO OMRnuUtlim t—llUtOtMlllBUff BtlMWfl r«rt I*»Twn»rtk, Uuu t 1; So much of Part 1, Section VII, paragraph 2a, page 33, Iwo Jima Participation Report, as reads <f162.d Antiaircraft Artillery Operations Detachment" is amended to read 51163dAntiaircraft Artillery Operations Detachment, 2, It is requested that copies of subject report on file in your headquarters be amended accordingly. mn E. P* CRAmELL Colonel, AGD Adjutant General «( j«*­ >r % r .r », ¦f fy T V ) i.».{ G^OO-10 ji«li 1 s o JUtt I^6 3 ¦> M HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES ARMY FORCES. MIDDLE PACIFIC OFFICE OF THE COMMANDING GENERAL APO 958 Inreply refer to: 4 February 1946 SUBJECT: Iwo Jima Operation "Detachment 11. TO The Chief of Staff, United States Army, War Depart­ ment, Washington 25, D. C. 1. At the conclusion of the capture of Iwo Jima, Volcano Islands, the various commanders of the Army forces which par­ ticipated in the battle submitted reports of their operations to the Commander in Chief, Pacific Ocean Areas, in accordance with his directive. Copies of these operational reports have no doubt been furnished the War Department through Navy chan­ nels. 2. The report which is herewith submitted was drawn up to supplement the operational reports referred to supra, and to make of record the duties and responsibilities that were assigned to the Commanding General, United States Army Forces, Pacific Ocean Areas, in connection with the operation. It gives in detail the administrative, training, and logistic responsibilities, and the preparations incident to the plan of operation. It presents an accurate record of the part played by the Headquarters, United States Army Forces, Pacific Ocean Areas, in support of the Iwo Jima operation. ROBERT C. RICHARDSON, Jr., <q Lieutenant General, U.S. Army, Commanding. «ffl^^^ PARTICIPATION IN THE IWO JIMA OPERATION BY / THE UNITED STATES ARMY FORGES PACIFIC OCEAN AREAS FEBRUARY - MARCH 1945 LIEUTENANT GENERAL ROBERT C. RICHARDSON, JR. , U. 3. ARKY COMMANDING i i­ * Sv;wLr ftdull ILU INDEX PART SUBJECT PAGE Introduction. 1 1 Headquarters, United States Army Forces, Pacific Ocean Areas. 3 2 Army Air Forces, Pacific Ocean Areas 65 I 3 Central Pacific Base Command. 145 4 South Pacific Base Command. 239 5 Replacement Training Command. 247 6 ComG-enPOA Representative in the Marianas, 251 7 Army Garrison Force, Iwo Jima. 263 8 Assistance Rendered to the Navy and Marines. 315 9 Summary and Conclusions. 329 ) Annex 1 List of Participating Army Forces. 335 Annex 2 Selections from Observers 1 Reports. 341 Annex 3 Organization Diagram of Task Forces. 351 Annex 4 Map of Western Pacific Area. 355 Annex 5 Map of Iwo Jima 359 4 ', -^^^ "»yj^Vw'^! \ w vuk U r INTRODUCTION r w. r L r r •~~^ :^**Hh r ' ' ' ' hrh ... rj i -U; INTRODUCTION A, SUBJECT AND PURPOSE OF REPORT. 1. The subject of this report is the participation by the United States Army Forces, Pacific Ocean Areas (USAFPOA) in the operation against Japanese-held Iwo Jima, covering the period from the beginning of planning for the operation to 16 March 1945, the date the island was declared secure* 2. Although the assault phase of the Iwo Jima campaign was entirely a Marine Corps operation under the control of the V Amphibious Corps, the ultimate success of this operation re­ sulted in no small degree from the cooperation and support of the Army headquarters and commands of the Pacific Ocean Areas. [ 3. Itis not intended herein to present an operational report or to treat of the activities of Naval or Marine forces, but rather to discuss the logistical support of the operation ( accomplished by Army agencies, and the mounting and training of Army troops. Observers 1 comments are included only when they pertain to the planning, organizing, training, equipping, or logistical support rendered by Army forces. Although this report is being published after the termination of the war, it has been written as ifit had been prepared on 16 March 1945, 4. The chief value of this report is to make possible a clearer understanding of the scope of effort required to sup­ port offensive operations in the Pacific Ocean Areas, 5. Similar reports will be rendered to show the extent of participation by United States Army Forces, Pacific Ocean Areas, in operations which took place subsequent to the Iwo Jima operation. B. PLAN OF REPORT. 1* In order to facilitate analysis, the activities and responsibilities of HUSAFPOa and of each of its major echelons of command are presented in a separate part of this report. Each part presents a factual summary of the activities of the command concerned, insofar as those activities relate to prep­ arations prior to the Iwo Jima operation, and support and re­ habilitation during the operation. 2. One part is devoted to assistance rendered to Naval and Marine units by USAFPOA agencies. 3. The final part of this report (Summary and Conclusions) includes the principal lessons learned by Army units partici­ pating in the operation. MS! 1 HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES ARMY FORCES PACIFIC OCEAN AREAS PART I 3 UNCIASSra PART ONE - HUSAFPOA INDEX - SECTION SUBJECT PAGE I PERSONNEL (G-l) AND RELATED STAFF SECTIONS 7 II COMBAT INTELLIGENCE AND CENSORSHIP (G-2) 11 r 111 ORGANIZATION AND TRAINING (G-3) 1? V IV SUPPLY (G-4) INCLUDING EXCHANGE OFFICER, TRANSPORTATION OFFICER AND FISCAL OFFICER 21 r' V LONG RANGE PLANNING FOR OPERATIONS 25 VI ADJUTANT GENERAL 31 r VII ARTILLERY OFFICER 33 VIII CHEMICAL WARFARE OFFICER 3? V IX ENGINEER 39 X ORDNANCE OFFICER 47 XI QUARTERMASTER 49 V XII SIGNAL OFFICER 55 T XIII SURGEON 59 f r X IMPI ftOOfririMMßßi^^^M_ l^#^^^MIf Iff PART 1 - HUSAFPOA S£CTIU% I- Pfoi3QM&L (S-l) AfrD HjSLAT&D STAFF SaJTIOI^S r A. ORGANIZATION* On 9 Qctooer 1344, tne Commander-in-Chief , Pacific Ocean Areas (CinCPOA), directed tne Commanding General, United States Army Forces, Pacific Ocean Areas (ComGenPOA) to provide a garrison force for I?*o Jima. CinCPOA further requested the nomination of a general officer of tne Army air L forces as garrison force commander. Major General James £. Chancy was nominated by tne Commanding General, USAFPOA. On 18 November 1944, after acceptance by CinCPOA, Major General V Ghaney was designated as commanding general of the I^o Jima tf garrison force. On 2 December 1944, HUSAFPOA activated Head­ quarters and Headquarters Company, Army Garrison Force, Iwo w Jima (APO 86) with tne following overhead: Officers 98 Warrant officers 10 Enlisted men 354 Total 45 3 r 3. PxiQCUrli£ji£NT» Prior to departure from the continental United States, Major General Chancy had selected certain key staff personnel. In order to fulfilladditional requirements for the garrison force headquarters, the hUSAFPOA replacement L officer submitted to the Vi'ar Department a requisition for en­ listed and officer personnel. On 13 November 1944, 'the War Department advised HUSAFPOA that the bulk of personnel for this garrison force was scheduled for overseas shipment in mid-December 1944. In view of the late scheduled snipment of r garrison force personnel and the resulting shortage of screen­ ing and training time, HUSAFPOA secured approximately 80 per cent of tne required personnel from local sources. The re­ maining personnel requirements of the Iwo Jima garrison force were obtained from personnel arriving from the continental United States. By 19 January 1945, Headquarters and Headquar­ ters Company, Army Garrison Forces, Iwo Jima, had been filled to authorized strength. Thereafter, only certain minor ad­ justments were necessary in order to permit as ignment of the best qualified personnel to corresponding vacancies within the headquarters. C. CHAPLAIN. !• Planning. The HUSAFPOA chaplain section was respon­ sible for adequate planning and proper training of chaplain personnel for their duties with the Iwo Jima Army garrison force. '" "^ ' '*"¦* >~'ihw T*-?* -TEN -7­ ¦t 2. Organization. a. Tne table of organization for tne chaplain section at tne Army garrison force was prepared by tne HUSAFPOA chaplain section.
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