Sitzungsberichte

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Sitzungsberichte Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch - physikalischen Classe der k. b. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München. Band XX. Jahrgang 1890. München. Verlag der K. Akademie. 1891. Id Commiadon bei 6. Franz. Ueber die Gliederung der Familie der S&pind&ceen. Von L. Radlkofer. (Kingtlaufen 1. Mär s.) I. Einleitung. Die systematisch geordnete Uebersicht der Sapin- d a ceen -G a ttu n g en , welche ich in dem „Index generum phanerogamorum* von T. Durand zur Veröffentlichung ge­ bracht habe (October 1887, im Separatabdrucke erschienen Januar 1888), hat mir zwar Gelegenheit gegeben, meine An­ schauungen über die U m grenzung der F am ilie und über die Gliederung in 14 Gattungsgruppen — Tribus — zum Ausdrucke zu bringen; es war mir aber durch die Ein­ richtung des genannten Werkes versagt, über das Sachliche hinauszugehen und auch die G esichtspunkte darzulegen, welche mich bei der Umgrenzung und Gliederung der Familie geleitet haben, oder sie in letzterem Betreife dem Leser wenigstens durch eine wenn auch noch so knappe Charak­ teristik der Gruppen anzudeuten. Noch weniger war es mir gegönnt, über die verw an d tsch aftlich e S tellu u g der Familie selbst mich auszusprechen. Es sei mir desshalb gestattet, die nöthigen Erörterungen über den Um fang, die S tellu n g und basonders die G lie­ derung der Familie der Sapindaceen, welch’ letzteren Punkt ich auch in meinen sonstigen Schriften über diese Familie bisher nur theilweise berühren konnte (sieh die be­ 10(5 Sitzung der math.-phys. Classe vom 1. März 1890. treffenden Citate für die Tribus der L episantheen, N ephe- lieeu und Cupanieen in Durand Index generum), an diesem Platze zu vereinigen. Die eben berührten, von mir bisher veröffentlichten Schriften über die Sapindaceen sind: Sur la fleur des Sapindacées, Actes du Congrès tenu k Paris 1867, p. 23—26; On the structural peculiarities of certain Sapindaceous plants, Report Brit. Assoc. 1868, p. 109 — 111; Conspectus sectionum specierumque generis Serjaniae, Monachii 1874, 17 pp.; Sopra i vari tipi delle anomalie dei tronchi nelle Sapindacee, Atti del Con- gresso tenuto a Firenze 1874 (— impress. 1876, p. 60—65); Mono- grapbia Serjaniae, Monachii 1875, 892 pp.; Sopra un arillo special e di una Sap indace a, Atti del Congresso tenuto a Palermo 1875 (— impr. 1877, p. 23—25* reimpr. in Nuovo Giomale Bot. Ital. 1878, p. 106—109); Ueber die Sapindaceen Hollän­ disch-Indiens, Actes du Congrès tenu a Amsterdam 1877 (— Nach­ träge 1878; seors. impr. p. 1—103); Ueber die Entstehung der secundären Holzkörper im Stamme gewisser Sapinda­ ceen, Bericht der 60. Versammlung deutscher Naturforscher 1877, p. 194—197; Ueber den systematischen Werth symmetri­ scher Blüthenbildung bei den Sapindaceen, ebenda p. 208 bis 209; Ueber Sapindus und damit in Zusammenhang stehende Pflanzen, Sitzungsber. d. k. bayer. Acad. d. Wiss. 1878, p. 221—408; Ueber Cupania und damit verwandte Pflan­ zen, ebenda 1879, p. 457—678; Monographiae generis Serja­ niae Supplementum, Abhandl. d. k. bayer. Acad. d. Wiss. 1886, p. 1 - 196 mit VIII Tafeln und 1 Karte; Sapindaceae in T. Durand Index generum phanerogamorum, seors. edit. m. Jan. 1888, p. 71—82. II. Umgrenzung der Familie. Was zunächst den Umfang der Fam ilie betrifft, so habe ich mich an der Spitze der erwähnten Gattungsüber­ sicht kurz dahiu geäussert, dass ich die Familie gegenüber der von Bentham und H ook er ihr gegebenen Erweiterung in dem früheren, engeren Sinne nehme, nach welchem die jetzt gelegentlich sogenannten „eigen tlich en Sapin­ daceen0 allein den Inhalt der Fam ilie bilden, während die von Bentham und H ooker in dieselbe miteinbezogenen, L . Hadlkofer: Gliederung der Sapindaceen. 107 bis dahiu als selbständige Familien betrachteten H ippoca- staneen, Acerineen, Meliantbaceen und Stapbylea- ceen wieder auszuscheiden und auch fortan wieder als selbständige Fam ilien anzusehen sind. Ich bemerke dazu Folgendes. Die Hippocastaneen und Acerineen — um zuerst diese zu erledigen — sind sicherlich den Sapindaceen ausserordentlich nahe verwandt, so nahe, dass sie unbestritten unmittelbar neben denselben ihren Platz zu finden haben und mit denselben in eine grössere Gruppe vereinigt werden können. Dieselben erscheinen aber doch bei dem Gewichte, welches dem B latte in der Familie der Sapindaceen für die Gruppirung der Gattungen, wie im später Folgenden sich zeigen wird, einzuräumen ist, von den eigen tlich en Sapindaceen genugsam unterschieden, um meiner Meinung nach besser als besondere Fam ilieen betrachtet zu werden, jene, die H ippocastaneen, ausgezeichnet durch gegenstän­ dige und zugleich bandförmig zusammengesetzte Blätter, diese, die A cerineen, durch gegenständige und wenigstens meist handnervige Blätter, wozu für die A cerineen noch häufig ausserhalb des Discus, oder auf dem Discus (theil- weise allerdings auch innerhalb desselben, wie bei den eigent­ lichen Sapindaceen und den H ippocastaneen) eingefögte Staubgefässe kommen und eine wenigstens bei vielen Arten in dem Mangel der Continuität zu findende Abweichung rücksichtlich des die Sapindaceen, wie weiter unten in der Charakteristik derselben hervorzuhebeu sein wird, aus­ zeichnenden gemischten S k leren ch ym rin ges an der Grenze der primären und secundären Kinde. Eine ähnliche, vorzugsweise auf Charaktere des Blattes basirte Unterscheidung findet sich auch in anderen Theilen des Systemes, wie z. B. in der Sonderung der nebenblatt­ losen C a p rifolia ceen von den mit Nebenblättern versehenen Rubiaceen. Die Hippocastaneen und Acerineen mögen 108 Sitzung der math.-phys. Classe vom 1. März 1890. übrigens immerhin, wo ihre nähere Beziehung zu den Sapin- daceen hervorzuheben ist, mit diesen zusammen als Sapin- dales, oder S a p in d iflori, oder wie es sonst in ein jewei­ liges System passen mag, bezeichnet werden. Ich glaube auf diese beiden Gruppen nicht weiter ein- gehen zu sollen, da ich ihre Stellung unm ittelbar neben den Sapindaceen, und zwar in directem Anschlüsse an die letzte der von mir aufgestellten (14) Sapindaceen-Tribus als etwas ausser Frage Stehendes ansehe und es dabei als ver- hältnissmässig gleichgültig — so zu sagen ab Geschmacksache — betrachte, ob man die in Rede stehenden Gruppen als weitere Tribus der Sapindaceen, oder, wie ich es thue, als besondere, nächststehende Familien bezeichnet und anschliesst. Nur das mag noch in Erinnerung gebracht sein, dass die Gattung D obinea Ham. mss. ed. Dav. Don, 1825, die seit ihrer Aufstellung auffallender Weise unbeanstandet den Ace- rineen zugezählt worden ist, nicht zu diesen gehört, son­ dern, wie mir eine nach anatom ischen und m orp h olo­ gischen Gesichtspunkten angestellte nähere Untersuchung gezeigt hat, und wie ich schon unter dem 12. März 1888 an Durand behufs entsprechender Veränderung ihrer Stellung in dem Index generum phanerogamorum berichtet habe, zu den A nacardiaceen (s. a. a. 0., Addenda, p. 499). Das Nähere über diese Stellungsänderung habe ich in diesen Sitzungsberichten, Sitzung vom 3. Nov. 1888, p. 385— 395, bereits dargelegt. Seitdem ist den A cerineen ein Ersatz für diese Gattung zugewachsen in der neuen, eine echte A cerinee darstellen­ den Gattung D ip teron ia, mit D. sinensis, welche D. O liver in Hook. Icon. tab. 1898 (Oct. 1889) zur Veröffent­ lichung gebracht hat, und von welcher ich, Dank dessen gütiger Mittheilung, die Frucht zu untersuchen und den Mangel eines continuirlichen Sklerenchymringes der Rinde zu constatiren Gelegenheit gehabt habe. * L. Radlkofer: Gliederung der Sapindaceen. 109 Weiter scheint auch der Gattung D obinea inzwischen ein Zuwachs geworden zu sein, in einer von D elavay in China gesammelten Pflanze nämlich, welche BaiTlon in dem Bullet. Soc. Linn. d. Paris, Mai 1887, p. 681, July und December 1889, p. 793 und 815 unter dem Namen P odoon D ela v a y i beschrieben untf unter Erwähnung vermeintlicher Anklänge an die Phytolaccaceen und Polygoneen erst als einen reducirten Typus der S apindaceen, nun aber als Typus einer besonderen „den Sapindaceen und folglich auch den T ereb in th a ceen nahe stehenden“ Familie der Podoonaceen bezeichnet hat. Mit der Hindeutung auf die T erebin th aceen , resp. A nacardiaceen, scheint der rich­ tige Weg zur Unterbringung der Pflanze eingeschlagen zu sein. Ich habe zwar die zur Untersuchung erbetenen Theile der Pflanze noch nicht erhalten, es müsste aber sonderbar zugehen, wenn die im allgemeinen vorzüglich auf D obinea passende Beschreibung von ihr, welche B aillon gegeben hat, auch eine generell von D obinea verschiedene Pflanze sollte betreffen können. Der Art nach scheint übrigens die Pflanze, besonders nach dem, was B aillon zuletzt über die Wuchsverhältnisse, d. i. über ein Ausdauern der Pflanze durch eine unterirdische Knollenbildung bemerkt, allerdings von der allgemein als Strauch angesehenen D obinea vul­ garis Hamilt. mss. ed. Dav. Don aus Nepal, der bisher allein bekannt gewesenen Art der Gattung D obinea, ver­ schieden zu sein und somit den Nainen D obinea D elavayi zu verdienen. Aus der Literatur der beiden von den Sapindaceen nun wieder abgetrennten Familien will ich nur die der auf Selbständig­ keit wohl hinreichenden Anspruch besitzenden Hippocastaneen- Gattung Billia (s. darüber Baillon a. unt. a. 0., p. 869) und ihrer beiden Arten hervorheben, da dieselbe in ihrer Synonymie bis in die Gattung Sapindus hinübergreift. Daran anschliessend mögen auch die mir bekannt gewordenen Materialien der beiden Arten Kr- wähnung linden. 110 Sitzung der math.-phys.-Classe vom 1. März 1890. Billia Peyr. Putzeysia (non Klotzsch, 1865, quae Begoniacea) Planchon et Linden in finden Catal. No. 12 (1857) p. 3, nec „No. 22 (1857)*, uti in Prodr. N.-Granat. 1. infra c. refertur. (Sine descriptione.) — Koch in Berliner Gartenzeitung 1867, p. 242 n. 3. („Araliacea.*) — Pfeiffer Synonym. (1870) p. 366 n. 12623 (in Append.), nomine etc, „Lindl.“ pro Linden substitute. — Pfeiffer Nomencl. bot. II (1874) p. 888; cf. 1. antec. Öillia PeyriUch in Bot. Zeit, (von Mohl & Schlechtend.) XVI (1858), ■ n. 22, p. 163. — Id. ibid. XVII (1869) n. 26, p. 221. — Id., in Linnaea XXX (1859) p. 67. — Triana et Planchon, Prodr. Flor. Novo-Granat. in Ann. scienc. nat., 4. sär., XVIII (1862) p. 366 n. 6. — Walper8 Ann. bot.
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