DR. DOBB's JOURNAL of COMPUTER Calisthenics (
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History of Micro-Computers
M•I•C•R•O P•R•O•C•E•S•S•O•R E•V•O•L•U•T•I.O•N Reprinted by permission from BYTE, September 1985.. a McGraw-Hill Inc. publication. Prices quoted are in US S. EVOLUTION OF THE MICROPROCESSOR An informal history BY MARK GARETZ Author's note: The evolution of were many other applica- the microprocessor has followed tions for the new memory a complex and twisted path. To chip, which was signifi- those of you who were actually cantly larger than any that involved in some of the follow- had been produced ing history, 1 apologize if my before. version is not exactly like yours. About this time, the The opinions expressed in this summer of 1969, Intel was article are my own and may or approached by the may not represent reality as Japanese calculator manu- someone else perceives it. facturer Busicom to pro- duce a set of custom chips THE TRANSISTOR, devel- designed by Busicom oped at Bell Laboratories engineers for the Jap- in 1947, was designed to anese company's new line replace the vacuum tube, of calculators. The to switch electronic sig- calculators would have nals on and off. (Al- several chips, each of though, at the time, which would contain 3000 vacuum tubes were used to 5000 transistors. mainly as amplifiers, they Intel designer Marcian were also used as (led) Hoff was assigned to switches.) The advent of assist the team of Busi- the transistor made possi- com engineers that had ble a digital computer that taken up residence at didn't require an entire Intel. -
Dr. Dobb's Journal of $1.So COMPUTER Calisthenics & Orthodontia Running Light Without Overbyte June/July, 1976 Box 310, Menlo Park CA 94025 Volume 1, Number 6
dr. dobb's journal of $1.so COMPUTER Calisthenics & Orthodontia Running Light Without Overbyte June/July, 1976 Box 310, Menlo Park CA 94025 Volume 1, Number 6 A REFERENCE JOURNAL FOR USERS OF HOME COMPUTERS .CONSUMER COMMENTS ·fraUie for Pittman's 6800 Tiny BASIC [letter & reply] 4 Denver's Digital Group Kit Draws Praise [letter] 5 Good Reports & Plaudits for MOS Technology[letter/note] 5 Accentuate the Software; Eliminate the Games [letter/reply] 6 Short on Length, hut Long on Quality [letter] 6 A Novice Constructs an IMSAL S. A. Cochran, Jr. 7 Don't Underestimate BASIC fletter] 40 an attorney builds his first computer BASIC Complaint & Macro Message [letter & reply] 40 FCC Petition on ANSCII Transmission by Hams 42 Dennis Allison reply points out BASIC limitations SOFTWARE A Bootstrap for the 8080, Lichen Wang 8 Byte-Saving Programming Tricks for the 8080, Tom Pittman 9 An Exercise for Novice Translator Implementors, Bill Thompson 11 A Classy 8080 Text Editor, similar to a PDP-9 Editor, F. J. Greeb 13 includes general comments, user documentation & extensively annotated source code Tiny Trek for Mueller's MINOL, Erik Mueller 37 Button, Button Game in 8080 Machine Code, Ron Santore 38 CORRECTIONS & IMPROVEMENTS Errors in & Improvements for Texas Tiny BASIC (TBX), Charles Skeldon 3'4 Errata & Additions to Wang's Palo Alto Tiny BAS1C, Lichen Wang 35 MinErrata for MINOL, plus Tiny Trek, Erik Mueller 36 VIDEO OUTPUT 48 Lines of 64 Characters on a TV for $499. 95, Video· Terminal Technology 27 512-Character Video RAM from Canada, Matrox Electronic Systems 27 Variable Character Spacing in Video Displays, Jim Day 28 TVT-11 Mods to Get 64 Characters per Line, David Valliere . -
People's Computer Co
PEOPLE'S COMPUTER CO. ~~ Stall 1 Subscription Information EDITOR: Bob Albrecht 2 Computer Awareness lab PRODUCTION: Mary Jo McPhee 3 Comfort House BOOK REVIEW EDITOR: Dan Rosset , Trenton Computer Festival CIRCULATION: Laura Reininger , FORTRAN Man COMPLAINT DEPT: Happy Lady 6 BASIC Music ART DIRECTOR: Dover 9 San Andreas Fault Caper STRAIT FRONT: LeRoy Phillip Finkel 10 World As a Holcq<lm in Your Heart DRAGONS-AT·LARGE Bill fuller's Biofeedback Bibliography John Snell Larry Press l' YOlX Brain is a Hologram Oon Inman LO ·OP Center 16l' Electronic Projects for Musicians Gregory Yob Mac Oglesby 17 Computer Music References Lee Schneider NeTM 18 Minicalculator Information Sources Todd Voros Kurt Inman 20 S!NNERS Peter Sessions Bill Fuller 22 Tiny BASIC Doug Seeley Sprocket Man 23 Tiny TREK Marc LeBrun Joel Miller 2' LO·OP Center Dean Kahn Joyce Hatch 26 Computer Clubs & Stores Roger Hen5tey Sol Libes 27 Publications 101" Computer Dr.Oobb MS. Frog 29 Dr.Oobb's Lichen Wang 30 16 Bit Computer Kit 31 A Musical Number Guessing Game RETAINING SUBSCRIBERS: 32 Los Cost Software John R. Lees, Jr. 33 Dragonsmoke Th. Computer Corner, Harriet Shair 34 Sprocket Man John Ribl. 36 Programmer's Toolbox Bill Godbout ElectroniCl 37 Leters and Other Numbers ""rk S. Elgin 43 BookstOl"e PEOPLE'S COMPUTER COMPANY. P.O. Box 310.MENlO PARK, CALIFORNIA 94025.(415)323-3111 PCC /)/)J PeC is published six Of more times a year by PEOPLE'S COMPUTER DR. DOBS'S JOURNAL OF COMPUTER CALlSTHENT1CS AND COMPANY, a tax exampt, independent non-profit corporation in ORTHODONTIA is published ten times per year, monthly except Menlo Park~ California. -
BASIC-Wikipedia.Pdf
BASIC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 1/22/12 1:10 PM BASIC From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia BASIC is a family of general-purpose, high-level BASIC programming languages whose design philosophy emphasizes ease of use - the name is an acronym from Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. The original Dartmouth BASIC was designed in 1964 by John George Kemeny and Thomas Eugene Kurtz at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, USA to provide computer access to non-science students. At the time, nearly all use of computers required writing custom software, which Screenshot of Atari BASIC, an early BASIC was something only scientists and mathematicians tended to language for small computers do. The language and its variants became widespread on microcomputers in the late 1970s and 1980s, when it was Paradigm(s) unstructured, later procedural, typically a standard feature, and often actually built into the later object-oriented firmware of the machine. Appeared in 1964 BASIC remains popular to this day in a handful of highly Designed by John George Kemeny and modified dialects and new languages influenced by BASIC Thomas Eugene Kurtz such as Microsoft Visual Basic. In 2006, 59% of developers Major Apple BASIC, Atari BASIC, for the .NET Framework used Visual Basic .NET as their implementations Commodore BASIC, Microsoft only programming language.[1] BASIC, Liberty BASIC, BBC BASIC, TI-BASIC Influenced by ALGOL 60, FORTRAN II, Contents JOSS 1 History Influenced COMAL, Visual Basic, Visual 1.1 Origin Basic .NET, Realbasic, GRASS 1.2 Spread on minicomputers 1.3 Explosive growth: the home computer era 1.4 IBM PC, and compatibles 1.5 Visual Basic 1.6 Recent versions 1.7 Nostalgia 2 Syntax 2.1 Typical BASIC keywords 2.2 Data types and variables 2.3 Examples 3 Standards 4 See also 5 References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC Page 1 of 11 BASIC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 1/22/12 1:10 PM 6 External links History Before the mid-1960s, computers were extremely expensive and used only for special-purpose tasks. -
Orthodontia Running Light Without Over Byte January, 1976 Box 310, Menlo Park CA 94025 Volume 1, Number 1
dr. dobb's journal of c --.......--alisthenics Orthodontia Running Light Without Over byte January, 1976 Box 310, Menlo Park CA 94025 Volume 1, Number 1 A REFERENCE JOURNAL FOR USERS OF HOME COMPUTERS Table of Contents for Volume, 1, Number l (20 pages) µige Tiny BASIC Status Letter - Dennis Allison 1 l6-Bit Binary-to-Decimal Conversion Routine - Dennis Allison 2 Build Your Own BASIC [reprinted from PCC, Vol. 3, No. 4] - Dennis Allison & others 3 Build Your Own BASIC, Revived [reprinted from PCC, Vol. 4, No. l] - D. Allison & M Christoffer 4 Design Notes for Tiny BASIC [reprinted from PCC, Vol. 4, No. 2] - D. Allison, Happy Lady, & friends 5 Tiny BASIC [reprinted from PCC, Vol. 4, No. 3] - D. Allison, B. Greening, H. Lady, & lots of friends 9 Extendable Tiny BASIC - John Rible 10 Corrected Tiny BASIC IL - Bernard Greening 12 Tiny BASIC, Extended Version (TBX), Part I - Dick Whipple & John Arnold Example, Command Set, Loading Instructions, Octal Listing 14 Letter & Schematics - Dr Robert Suding Using a calculator chip to add mathematical functions to Tiny BASIC 18 T H I S I S A REPRINT 0 F T H E ORIGINAL V 0 L U M E 1 NUMBER 1 SUBMITTING DON'T KEEP IT A SECRET! ITEMS FOR I PUBLICATION. Let us know what exciting new software and systems you are ' t working on. We'll tell everyone else (if you wish). Maybe someone is also working on the same thing. You can work t together and get results twice as fast. Or, may be someone else has already done it; no reason for everyone to reinvent t the wheel.