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Dissertation Kuwaiti Female Leaders DISSERTATION KUWAITI FEMALE LEADERS’ PERSPECTIVES: THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURE ON THEIR LEADERSHIP IN ORGANIZATIONS Submitted by Omaymah Al-Suwaihel School of Education In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Summer 2009 Copyright by Omaymah Al-Suwaihel 2009 All Rights Reserved COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY April 27, 2009 WE HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE DISSERTATION PREPARED UNDER OUR SUPERVISION BY OMAYMAH AL-SUWAIHEL ENTITLED KUWAITI FEMALE LEADERS’ PERSPECTIVES: THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURE ON THEIR LEADERSHIP IN ORGANIZATIONS BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING IN PART REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY. Committee on Graduate work __________________________________________ William Timpson, Ph.D. __________________________________________ Toni Zimmerman, Ph.D. __________________________________________ James Banning, Ph.D. __________________________________________ Advisor: Sharon K. Anderson, Ph.D. __________________________________________ Director: Tim Davies, Ph.D. ii ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION KUWAITI FEMALE LEADERS’ PERSPECTIVES: THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURE ON THEIR LEADERSHIP IN ORGANIZATIONS This research reveals the interactions between the Kuwaiti culture, gender, and leadership from the perspective of 5 Kuwaiti female leaders. The primary focus of the research is to contribute to the literature, currently lacking, that discusses the phenomenon of female leadership development in the State of Kuwait. Recently, the number of Kuwaiti females seeking leadership positions has been increasing in governmental and non-governmental organizations. This development has its challenges, given some of the barriers that exist relative to some aspects of Kuwaiti culture, gender roles, and people’s perceptions about female leaders. Within a qualitative design approach and narrative inquiry methodology, I interviewed 5 Kuwaiti females who shared their stories about their personal and professional experiences about the interactions between culture, gender, and leadership. The analysis and interpretation of this research uncovered two key findings: (a) the influence of Kuwaiti culture on female leadership and (b) the commitment of these female leaders to have a positive impact on their culture. The development of female leadership within Kuwait represents a collaborative effort by all the country’s female leaders. As this research shows, these female leaders took advantage of every opportunity to prove their capabilities as leaders who deserve to serve effectively beside male leaders. iii The research data include some recommendations that can provide significant support for the development of female leaders, not only in the State of Kuwait, but also in other countries that could benefit from such progress. In addition, this project includes some implications for further research studies focused on issues related to the interactions between female leadership and cultural influences. Omaymah Al-Suwaihel School of Education Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523 Summer 2009 iv DEDICATION I first want to gratefully thank Almighty Allah for all blessings, then my greatest appreciation is to my husband, Sami; my dream wouldn’t be attained without your support and motivation. I am also grateful to my daughter, Ruby; I appreciate your patience and bravery to be away from me all these years. To my father’s soul, my mother, brothers, and sisters, thank you for your powerful support with love and care during my dissertation journey. I am proud of having you all as my heroes who have loved and encouraged me to accomplish my goal. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Sharon Anderson, Associate Professor, Director of Graduate Programs Office and Graduate Program Faculty , for her understanding, patience, and effort during my dissertation. I am really thankful for her generosity and caring about my life. A great gratitude to my methodologist, Dr. James Banning; you are one of the best professors I have ever had. Thanks for your support and insightful advice during my Ph.D. courses and dissertation journey. I want to sincerely thank my committee members: Professor William Timpson, the Educational Leadership Department Chair, for his support since my arrival at Colorado State University. I really appreciate his suggestions and guidance during my Ph.D. journey. Also, I especially want to thank Professor Toni Zimmerman for her helpful comments and meaningful suggestions that are incorporated in this project. Many thanks to all my professors and colleagues for providing words of encouragement. This study would not have been possible without the support of my friends who continued to motivate me through my studies and dissertation. And most importantly, I would like to express my gratitude and sincere thanks to all the participants who were willing to share their experiences as female leaders. I really appreciate their contributions and time during the study. Thank you all. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................1 RESEARCHER ’S PERSPECTIVE ......................................................................................................................1 BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................................3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY ..............................................................................................................................7 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ................................................................................................................................8 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ......................................................................................................................8 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ..................................................................................11 OVERVIEW OF LEADERSHIP .......................................................................................................................11 GENDER AND LEADERSHIP , DIFFERENT VIEWS .........................................................................................17 Gender and Leadership Style...............................................................................................................21 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN LEADERSHIP , GENDER , AND CULTURE ..............................................................32 APPRECIATION OF THE KUWAITI CULTURE ...............................................................................................36 Location...............................................................................................................................................37 Population............................................................................................................................................37 Identity.................................................................................................................................................38 Religion................................................................................................................................................40 Language .............................................................................................................................................41 Economy ..............................................................................................................................................41 Education.............................................................................................................................................43 Dewaneya ............................................................................................................................................45 AWARENESS OF THE ROLES OF KUWAITI FEMALES ...................................................................................48 Overview of Kuwaiti Females’ History................................................................................................48 Perspectives on Female Status in Kuwait............................................................................................49 Female Leadership in Kuwaiti Organizations.....................................................................................51 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................55 RESEARCH DESIGN ....................................................................................................................................55 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................................55 Efficacy of Proposed Methodology......................................................................................................56 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ..............................................................................................................................57 PARTICIPANTS ...........................................................................................................................................57 DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE ...............................................................................................................59 The Interview .......................................................................................................................................59
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