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Beihefte Der Francia Bd. 2 1974 Beihefte der Francia Bd. 2 1974 Copyright Das Digitalisat wird Ihnen von perspectivia.net, der Online-Publi- kationsplattform der Stiftung Deutsche Geisteswissenschaftliche Institute im Ausland (DGIA), zur Verfügung gestellt. Bitte beachten Sie, dass das Digitalisat urheberrechtlich geschützt ist. Erlaubt ist aber das Lesen, das Ausdrucken des Textes, das Herunterladen, das Speichern der Daten auf einem eigenen Datenträger soweit die vorgenannten Handlungen ausschließlich zu privaten und nicht- kommerziellen Zwecken erfolgen. Eine darüber hinausgehende unerlaubte Verwendung, Reproduktion oder Weitergabe einzelner Inhalte oder Bilder können sowohl zivil- als auch strafrechtlich ver- folgt werden. EBLING • PROSOPOGRAPHIE BEIHEFTE DER FRANCIA Herausgegeben vom Deutsdien Historischen Institut Paris Band 2 Prosopographie der Amtsträger des Merowingerreidies von Chlothar IL (613) bis Karl Martell (741) von Horst Ebling WILHELM FINK VERLAG MÜNCHEN HORST EBLING PROSOPOGRAPHIE DER AMTSTRÄGER DES MEROWINGERREICHES VON CHLOTHAR IL (613) BIS KARL MARTELL (741) 1974 WILHELM FINK VERLAG MÜNCHEN gayerische Staatsbibliothek Mönchen © 1974 Wilhelm Fink Verlag, München Satz und Druck: Druckerei Loibl, Neuburg Buchbindearbeiten: Großbuchbinderei Monheim, Monheim VORWORT Die vorliegende Prosopographie wurde angeregt durch Prof. Dr. Eugen Ewig. Sie wurde im Sommersemester 1971 von der Philosophischen Fa• kultät der Rheinischen Friedrich Wilhelms-Universität als Dissertation angenommen. Die Arbeit stützt sich auf das von Eugen Ewig erarbeitete merowingi- sche Namenmaterial. Der Bestand an Personennamen wurde vollständig überarbeitet und auf die Bedürfnisse einer Prosopographie zugeschnitten. Meinem Doktorvater gebührt herzlicher Dank für manchen Rat, den er mir während der Arbeit an der Prosopographie zuteil werden ließ. Ich habe Herrn Prof. Dr. Karl Ferdinand Werner, Direktor des Deut• schen Historischen Instituts in Paris, aufrichtig zu danken, der die Pro• sopographie in die Reihe der Beihefte der "Francia" aufgenommen hat, sowie Herrn Dr. Hartmut Atsma, der die Arbeit redaktionell betreute. Die vorliegende Prosopographie will als Versuch verstanden werden, Namenmaterial personengeschichtlich aufzuarbeiten. Die gewonnenen Er• kenntnisse bleiben in mancher Hinsicht hypothetisch. Inwieweit sie kor• rigiert werden können, hängt in erster Linie von der Interpretation der Quellen selbst ab. Die Prosopographie ist Prof. Dr. Eugen Ewig in herzlicher Dank• barkeit zugeeignet. Bonn, am 16. Dezember 1972 Horst Ebling 5 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Vorbemerkung 9 Die verfassungsgeschichtliche Diskussion; Amt und Amtscharakter; Dux und Comes; Comes und Grafio 10 Die personengeschichtlichen Ergebnisse 12 Chronologische Liste der Duces, Comites und Grafiones 12 Administrative Zuordnung der Duces und Comites 17 Duces; Comites; Grafiones; Vicarii; Domestici (Ergebnisse) .... 21 Prosopographie der Amtsträger. Nummer I - CCCXVI 27 Abkürzungsverzeichnis 249 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis 250 Personenregister 256 Genealogische Tafel: Über den Zusammenhang von Wulfoalden, Gundo- inen und Etichonen 244 7 VORBEMERKUNG Die vorliegende Prosopographie setzt einige Bemerkungen zu ihrem Verständnis voraus. Der Personenkreis, der in ihr aufgenommen wurde, umfaßt — die Vorfahren der Karolinger ausgenommen, über die eine umfangreiche Li• teratur vorliegt — Große des Merowingerreiches, die entweder durch eine Amtsbezeichnung oder durch ein Standesprädikat hervortreten, aber auch Urkundenschreiber, die mit einer Amtsbezeichnung genannt werden. Die Nachrichten über diesen Personenkreis gehen nach Aussage der Quellen naturgemäß weit auseinander. Bei der Zusammenstellung der Prosopographie wurde in jedem einzelnen Fall der zeitgenössische Beleg aufgesucht und zugrundegelegt, der gegebenenfalls durch spätere Quel• lenaussagen ergänzt worden ist. Es wurden also nur Personen aufgenom• men, die durch eine zeitgenössische Quelle bezeugt sind. Dieser strenge Maßstab schien notwendig, um in dem oft verwirrenden Bild der Quel• lenüberlieferung Klarheit zu gewinnen und eine einigermaßen sichere Grundlage für eine weiterführende Diskussion zu schaffen. Innerhalb der einzelnen Artikel wurde die bis 1970 erschienene kritische Literatur — soweit diese nicht kontrovers war — berücksichtigt, wenn sie bestimm• te Landschaften im Zusammenhang behandelte und auch die Identifizie• rung bestimmter Amtsträger eindeutig erschien. Die einzelnen Prosopographien mußten aus Gründen der Übersicht• lichkeit alphabetisch geordnet werden, da Familienzusammenhänge oder Amtskontinuitäten nur in ganz wenigen Fällen sichtbar geworden sind. Die Zusammenstellung der Namenformen folgt den Namen desselben Bestimmungswortes. Die innerhalb eines solchen Bestimmungswortes zu• sammengefaßten Personennamen verzeichnen die Namenträger wiederum in chronologischer Reihenfolge. Vieles blieb Wagnis. Der Personenname konnte nur in ganz wenigen Fällen als Mittel zur Identifikation heran• gezogen werden. Gleichheit der Namen weist auf Identität oder Ver• wandtschaft hin, genügt aber als alleiniges Argument nicht. Die Prosopo• graphie stellt insofern einen Versuch dar, mit Hilfe zuverlässiger Quel• lenaussagen eine Grundlage für die Erforschung von Ämtern zu schaffen und damit Einblick in die Verfassungsverhältnisse der Merowingerzeit zu geben. Die prosopographische Erfassung von Großen, die nachweislich ein Amt ausgeübt haben, gibt dabei auch eine Antwort auf die Frage, was die Führungsschicht vorwiegend des VII. Jhdts. ausgezeichnet hat. 9 DIE VERFASSUNGSGESCHICHTLICHE DISKUSSION In den vergangenen Jahren ist die wissenschaftliche Diskussion über Probleme der frühfränkischen Verfassungsgeschichte recht lebhaft geführt worden. Ihr zentrales Anliegen war die Frage nach der Herkunft und Zusammensetzung der frühfränkischen Führungsschicht. Daß noch keine Übereinstimmung insbesondere über den rechtlichen Status der fränki• schen Aristokratie erreicht wurde, zeigt, um welch schwierige Materie es sich handelt. In der vorliegenden Prosopographie bildet die zeitgenössische Über• lieferung über den einzelnen Amtsträger und den mit einem Standes• prädikat bezeichneten Großen die Grundlage für die Identifizierung der Personen und die Bestimmung ihres Wirkungskreises. Die im VII. und frühen VIII. Jhdt. rechtlich und sozialgeschichtlich relevanten Amts• bezeichnungen waren jeweils in dem ganz konkreten Bezug Quelle für Quelle zu untersuchen. In einer an Institutionen noch armen Zeit sind es die amtsausübenden Großen, die das regnum durch ihre Teilnahme an der Staatsführung tra• gen. Das Amt erweist sich als hervorragendes Mittel, an den politischen Entscheidungen mitzuwirken. Dies gilt bereits für das VI. und besonders für das VII. Jhdt. Die Bedeutung der Ämter im Merowingerreich ist in der Diskussion zwischen D. Claude und R. Sprandel erneut in den Vordergrund gerückt worden. In der lebhaft geführten Auseinandersetzung ging es — was das Dux- und Comes-Amt betrifft — im wesentlichen um die Klärung der Konti• nuität der beiden Ämter. R. Sprandel hat in einer ersten Darstellung zum "Dux und comes in der Merovingerzeit*1 eine Kontinuität des spät• antiken Dux-Amtes mit dem merowingischen dux verneint und dabei in Frage gestellt, ob es im VII. Jhdt. überhaupt ein Dux-Amt gegeben hat2. Sprandel ist der Meinung, der dux Fredegars und der anderer Chronisten sei kein Amtsträger, sondern lediglich "ein großer Adeliger, der vom König mit Aufträgen versehene Führer von Truppen und Volkshaufen*3. Ausführlicher behandelte Sprandel das Comes-Amt. Zwischen dem Stadt- comes des VI. und dem Landcomes des VII. Jhdts. besteht nach Sprandel ein deutlicher Gegensatz, der auf einen Bruch in der Kontinuität hin• weist4. Im VII. Jhdt. war comes nur mehr "der persönliche Titel eines Mannes"5, eines Großen aus königlicher Umgebung, "die comes-Bezeich- 1 ZRG. GA. 74 (1957) p. 41-84. * A. a. O., p. 52. 5 A. a. O. 1 A. a. O., p. 54. 4 A. a. O., p. 69. 10 nung war nur eine unter vielen"6, "war immer nur eine unter mehreren Möglichkeiten*7. Diesen Auffassungen ist D. Claude entgegengetreten. Seine "Unter• suchungen zum frühfränkischen Comitat*8 tragen insofern einen grund• legenden Charakter, als sie die verfassungsgeschichtliche Bedeutung der beiden Ämter in engen Zusammenhang mit der Wechselwirkung von Kö• nigtum und Oberschicht stellen. Im Gegensatz zu Sprandel zeigte Claude, der die überzeugendere Interpretation der Quellen bietet, daß der comes des VII. Jhdts. vielfach noch geschlossene civitates verwaltete, wenn auch seine Amtsbefugnisse nicht immer eindeutig aus den Quellen der Zeit geklärt werden können. Neben dem comes civitatis weist Claude auch comites pagi als Amtsträger nach. Den Amtscharakter des Dukats hat Claude für das VI. Jhdt. ein• wandfrei erhärtet, für das VII. Jhdt. aber eine Entwicklung zur Herr• schaft unter gleichzeitiger Abschwächung des Amtscharakters festgestellt. Diese Entwicklung trat namentlich in den nicht zentral gelegenen Gebie• ten des Reichs ein. Auf Claudes Argumentation ist Sprandel in einer Miszelle eingegan• gen9, in der er erneut gegen die Kontinuität des comes civitatis-Amtes Stellung bezog und Claudes Auffassung des Dux-Amtes in Frage zu stel• len suchte. Die Argumente für den Amtscharakter des Dukats konnte Sprandel jedoch nicht entkräften. Gegen den von Claude auch noch für das VII. Jhdt. postulierten Civitascomitat führte Sprandel an, daß die für diese Zeit bezeugten comites civitatis außerhalb des Loire-Raumes auftreten, in dem diese Amtsträger vor allem für das VI. Jhdt. überliefert werden10. Claude begegnete diesem Einwand
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