Lessons from the Host Defences of Bats, a Unique Viral Reservoir
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A Preliminary Study of Viral Metagenomics of French Bat Species in Contact with Humans: Identification of New Mammalian Viruses
A preliminary study of viral metagenomics of French bat species in contact with humans: identification of new mammalian viruses. Laurent Dacheux, Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez, Ghislaine Guigon, Jean-Michel Thiberge, Mathias Vandenbogaert, Corinne Maufrais, Valérie Caro, Hervé Bourhy To cite this version: Laurent Dacheux, Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez, Ghislaine Guigon, Jean-Michel Thiberge, Mathias Vandenbogaert, et al.. A preliminary study of viral metagenomics of French bat species in contact with humans: identification of new mammalian viruses.. PLoS ONE, Public Library of Science, 2014, 9 (1), pp.e87194. 10.1371/journal.pone.0087194.s006. pasteur-01430485 HAL Id: pasteur-01430485 https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01430485 Submitted on 9 Jan 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License A Preliminary Study of Viral Metagenomics of French Bat Species in Contact with Humans: Identification of New Mammalian Viruses Laurent Dacheux1*, Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez1, -
Viral Diversity Among Different Bat Species That Share a Common Habitatᰔ Eric F
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Dec. 2010, p. 13004–13018 Vol. 84, No. 24 0022-538X/10/$12.00 doi:10.1128/JVI.01255-10 Copyright © 2010, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Metagenomic Analysis of the Viromes of Three North American Bat Species: Viral Diversity among Different Bat Species That Share a Common Habitatᰔ Eric F. Donaldson,1†* Aimee N. Haskew,2 J. Edward Gates,2† Jeremy Huynh,1 Clea J. Moore,3 and Matthew B. Frieman4† Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 275991; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Appalachian Laboratory, Frostburg, Maryland 215322; Department of Biological Sciences, Oakwood University, Huntsville, Alabama 358963; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 212014 Received 11 June 2010/Accepted 24 September 2010 Effective prediction of future viral zoonoses requires an in-depth understanding of the heterologous viral population in key animal species that will likely serve as reservoir hosts or intermediates during the next viral epidemic. The importance of bats as natural hosts for several important viral zoonoses, including Ebola, Marburg, Nipah, Hendra, and rabies viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV), has been established; however, the large viral population diversity (virome) of bats has been partially deter- mined for only a few of the ϳ1,200 bat species. To assess the virome of North American bats, we collected fecal, oral, urine, and tissue samples from individual bats captured at an abandoned railroad tunnel in Maryland that is cohabitated by 7 to 10 different bat species. Here, we present preliminary characterization of the virome of three common North American bat species, including big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), tricolored bats (Perimyotis subflavus), and little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus). -
Molecular Phylogeny of Mobatviruses (Hantaviridae) in Myanmar and Vietnam
viruses Article Molecular Phylogeny of Mobatviruses (Hantaviridae) in Myanmar and Vietnam Satoru Arai 1, Fuka Kikuchi 1,2, Saw Bawm 3 , Nguyễn Trường Sơn 4,5, Kyaw San Lin 6, Vương Tân Tú 4,5, Keita Aoki 1,7, Kimiyuki Tsuchiya 8, Keiko Tanaka-Taya 1, Shigeru Morikawa 9, Kazunori Oishi 1 and Richard Yanagihara 10,* 1 Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; [email protected] (S.A.); [email protected] (F.K.); [email protected] (K.A.); [email protected] (K.T.-T.); [email protected] (K.O.) 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan 3 Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 15013, Myanmar; [email protected] 4 Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam; [email protected] (N.T.S.); [email protected] (V.T.T.) 5 Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam 6 Department of Aquaculture and Aquatic Disease, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 15013, Myanmar; [email protected] 7 Department of Liberal Arts, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan 8 Laboratory of Bioresources, Applied Biology Co., Ltd., Tokyo 107-0062, Japan; [email protected] 9 Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; [email protected] 10 Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. -
Jurnal Riset Veteriner Indonesia Journal of the Indonesian Veterinary Research P-ISSN: 2614-0187, E-ISSN:2615-2835 Volume 3 No
Jurnal Riset Veteriner Indonesia Journal of the Indonesian Veterinary Research P-ISSN: 2614-0187, E-ISSN:2615-2835 Volume 3 No. 1 (Januari 2019), pp. 1-9 journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jrvi/ This woks is licenced under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. R eview Article Bats Oxidative Stress Defense (Pertahanan Stres Oksidatif pada Kelelawar) 1 1 1 Desrayni Hanadhita , Aryani Sismin Satjaningtyas , Srihadi Agungpriyono * 1Department of Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia *Corresponding authors: Srihadi Agungpriyono ([email protected]) Abstract Antioxidants and free radicals have long been known to be the main factors in the occurrence of degenerative diseases. Various studies related to antioxidants and free radicals which have implications for oxidative stress have increased in the last decade. Knowledge of stress oxidative physiology in various animals help in understanding the pathophysiology of diseases associated with oxidative stress. Bats are claimed to be the best known animals in term of survival compared to other mammals. Bats are reported to produce low reactive oxygen species (ROS) but high endogenous antioxidants that can prevent oxidative stress. Bats high defense against oxidative stress has implications for their extreme longevity, the role as a reservoir of viruses, and the potential as experimental animals. Key words: aging, animal model, antioxidant, comparative physiology, free radical Copyright © 2019 JRVI. All rights reserved. Introduction Oxidative stress has been a scourge for the health world for more than three decades (Sies, 2015). Research on oxidative stress status related to disease pathogenesis is increasing every year. -
The Evolution of Flight in Bats: a Novel Hypothesis Sophia C
bs_bs_banner Mammal Review ISSN 0305-1838 REVIEW The evolution of flight in bats: a novel hypothesis Sophia C. ANDERSON* School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Sir Harold Mitchell Building, Greenside Place, St Andrews, KY16 9TH, UK. Email: [email protected] Graeme D. RUXTON School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Sir Harold Mitchell Building, Greenside Place, St Andrews, KY16 9TH, UK. Email: [email protected] Keywords ABSTRACT bats, Chiroptera, echolocation, evolution of flight, interdigital webbing, pterosaurs, 1. Bats (order Chiroptera) are the only mammals capable of powered flight, Scansoriopterygidae and this may be an important factor behind their rapid diversification into *Correspondence author. the over 1400 species that exist today – around a quarter of all mammalian species. Though flight in bats has been extensively studied, the evolutionary Received: 10 October 2019 history of the ability to fly in the chiropterans remains unclear. Accepted: 13 May 2020 2. We provide an updated synthesis of current understanding of the mechanics Editor: DR of flight in bats (from skeleton to metabolism), its relation to echolocation, doi: 10.1111/mam.12211 and where previously articulated evolutionary hypotheses for the development of flight in bats stand following recent empirical advances. We consider the gliding model, and the echolocation-first, flight-first, tandem development, and diurnal frugivore hypotheses. In the light of the recently published de- scription of the web-winged dinosaur Ambopteryx longibrachium, we draw together all the current evidence into a novel hypothesis. 3. We present the interdigital webbing hypothesis: the ancestral bat exhibited interdigital webbing prior to powered flight ability, and the Yangochiroptera, Pteropodidae, and Rhinolophoidea evolved into their current forms along parallel trajectories from this common ancestor. -
Random Sampling of the Central European Bat Fauna Reveals the Existence of Numerous Hitherto Unknown Adenoviruses+
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository of the Academy's Library Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 63 (4), pp. 508–525 (2015) DOI: 10.1556/004.2015.047 RANDOM SAMPLING OF THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN BAT FAUNA REVEALS THE EXISTENCE OF NUMEROUS + HITHERTO UNKNOWN ADENOVIRUSES 1* 2 3 1,4 Márton Z. VIDOVSZKY , Claudia KOHL , Sándor BOLDOGH , Tamás GÖRFÖL , 5 2 1 Gudrun WIBBELT , Andreas KURTH and Balázs HARRACH 1Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; 2Robert Koch Institute, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Berlin, Germany; 3Aggtelek National Park Directorate, Jósvafő, Hungary; 4Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary; 5Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany (Received 16 September 2015; accepted 28 October 2015) From over 1250 extant species of the order Chiroptera, 25 and 28 are known to occur in Germany and Hungary, respectively. Close to 350 samples originating from 28 bat species (17 from Germany, 27 from Hungary) were screened for the presence of adenoviruses (AdVs) using a nested PCR that targets the DNA polymerase gene of AdVs. An additional PCR was designed and applied to amplify a fragment from the gene encoding the IVa2 protein of mastadenovi- ruses. All German samples originated from organs of bats found moribund or dead. The Hungarian samples were excrements collected from colonies of known bat species, throat or rectal swab samples, taken from live individuals that had been captured for faunistic surveys and migration studies, as well as internal or- gans of dead specimens. -
A Review of Chiropterological Studies and a Distributional List of the Bat Fauna of India
Rec. zool. Surv. India: Vol. 118(3)/ 242-280, 2018 ISSN (Online) : (Applied for) DOI: 10.26515/rzsi/v118/i3/2018/121056 ISSN (Print) : 0375-1511 A review of Chiropterological studies and a distributional list of the Bat Fauna of India Uttam Saikia* Zoological Survey of India, Risa Colony, Shillong – 793014, Meghalaya, India; [email protected] Abstract A historical review of studies on various aspects of the bat fauna of India is presented. Based on published information and study of museum specimens, an upto date checklist of the bat fauna of India including 127 species in 40 genera is being provided. Additionaly, new distribution localities for Indian bat species recorded after Bates and Harrison, 1997 is also provided. Since the systematic status of many species occurring in the country is unclear, it is proposed that an integrative taxonomic approach may be employed to accurately quantify the bat diversity of India. Keywords: Chiroptera, Checklist, Distribution, India, Review Introduction smallest one being Craseonycteris thonglongyai weighing about 2g and a wingspan of 12-13cm, while the largest Chiroptera, commonly known as bats is among the belong to the genus Pteropus weighing up to 1.5kg and a 29 extant mammalian Orders (Wilson and Reeder, wing span over 2m (Arita and Fenton, 1997). 2005) and is a remarkable group from evolutionary and Bats are nocturnal and usually spend the daylight hours zoogeographic point of view. Chiroptera represent one roosting in caves, rock crevices, foliages or various man- of the most speciose and ubiquitous orders of mammals made structures. Some bats are solitary while others are (Eick et al., 2005). -
Distribution and Abundance of Giant Fruit Bat (Pteropus Giganteus)
MAJOR ARTICLE TAPROBANICA, ISSN 1800–427X. April, 2013. Vol. 05, No. 01: 60–66. © Taprobanica Private Limited, 146, Kendalanda, Homagama, Sri Lanka. www.taprobanica.org DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF THREE POPULATIONS OF INDIAN FLYING FOX (Pteropus giganteus) FROM PURULIA DISTRICT OF WEST BENGAL, INDIA Sectional Editor: Judith Eger Submitted: 18 October 2012, Accepted: 09 April 2013 Somenath Dey1, Utpal Singha Roy1,3 and Sanjib Chattopadhyay2 1Department of Zoology & P.G. Department of Conservation Biology, Durgapur Government College, J.N. Avenue, Durgapur – 713214, Burdwan, West Bengal, India. 2Department of Zoology Panchakot Mahavidyalaya, Sarbari, Nituria, Purulia – 723121, West Bengal, India E–mail: [email protected] 3 Abstract The present study was carried out to monitor three roost sites of Indian flying fox (Pteropus giganteus) populations during the period November 2010 to October 2011 near Purulia, West Bengal, India. At all three sites, bats were found to occupy different tree species (Eucalyptus sp., Dalbergia latifolia, Tamarindus indica and Terminalia arjuna) outside villages for day roost sites in close proximity to water bodies. Behavioural observations were made based on all occurrence method where all behaviours observed for duration of 30 minutes was noted during each census for the entire study period. Favourable roosting conditions were found to support higher bat abundance. Moreover, bat abundance and ambient temperature were found to be negatively correlated, and mass die–offs and population decline were recorded in the hotter months of the year (April – July). Study of bat guano revealed aspects of their feeding habits and their pivotal role as seed dispersers. Information from local villagers affirmed that the bat populations occurring at the roost sites are more than a century old and are regarded as sacred. -
Boost Biology with Bats! Explore Key Concepts in Genetics, Evolution and Ecology Using Bats
Boost Biology With Bats! Explore Key Concepts in Genetics, Evolution and Ecology using Bats Transition Year Syllabus Olivia Derwin and Clare Lamont Contents Overview 3 Why Study Bats? 4 Section 1. Genetics 7 1.1 Cells-the building blocks of all living organisms. 7 1.2 Structure of DNA. 13 1.3 Complementary Base Pairing-Tasks. 25 1.4. Isolating DNA From A Biological Sample. 29 1.5 DNA Replication. 32 1.6 What Are Genes? 33 1.7 The Genetic Code 36 1.8 Protein Synthesis - How are proteins made from a gene? 42 1.9. Genes, Variation, Speciation & Evolution. 48 Section 2. UCD Bat-Lab 55 2.1 Introduction to Bat Lab. 55 2.2 The Steps involved in DNA Analysis. Bat Lab UCD. 56 2.2.1 Extraction and Purification of DNA. 57 2.2.2 PCR - To amplify a gene or DNA sequence. 58 2.2.3 Gel Electrophoresis. 60 Section 3 Comparative Genomics and Phylogenetics 63 3.1 DNA Sequencing 63 3.2 Phylogenetics 69 3.3. Comparitive Biology and Its Uses 74 Section 4. Ecology and Ecosystems 76 4.1 All About Bats 76 4.2 Identification Of Bat Species Through Morphology 79 4.3 Methods Used To Record Bats. 82 4.4 What To Expect From A Bat Walk 83 4.5 Methods For Capturing Bats 84 4.6 The Implications Of Green Energies For Bats And Their Environment. 85 Conclusions 86 Acknowledgements 87 Bibliography 87 Useful weblinks 88 2 Overview Genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology are exciting and progressive areas of science, un- derpinning biology. -
SMM Newsletter Aug2010.Pmd
Small Mammal Mail Newsletter celebrating the most useful yet most neglected Mammals for CCINSA & RISCINSA -- Chiroptera, Rodent, Insectivore, & Scandens Conservation and Information Networks of South Asia Volume 2 Number 1 Jan-Jun 2010 Contents New Network Members Will Fruit Bats be delisted as Vermin on the CCINSA Indian Wildlife Protection Act in the International Year of Biodiversity? If not now, Mr. Manjit Bista when?, Pp. 2-5 Student, Institute of Forestry, Pokhara, Nepal [email protected], [email protected] Small mammals survey in Bhutan, Tenzin, Pp. 6-8 Mr. Muhammad Asif Khan Research Associate, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, A Note on Feeding Habits of Fruit Bats in Colaba, Zoological Sciences Division, Islamabad, Pakistan Urban Mumbai, India, J. Patrick David and [email protected], [email protected] Vidyadhar Atkore, P. 9 RISCINSA Training Report on Bat Capture, Handling and Species Identification, Manjit Bist, Pp. 10-11 Mr. Muhammad Asif Khan Research Associate, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Training Workshops in South Asia, Pp. 12-15 Zoological Sciences Division, Islamabad, Pakistan [email protected], [email protected] An Updated Checklist of valid bat species of Nepal, Sanjan Thapa, Pp. 16-17 In CCINSA and RISCINA we have never passed a Field Notes on albinism in Five-striped Palm period of six months (and actually it is now eight Squirrel Funambulus pennanti Wroughton from months) between newsletters and had so few new Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, Satya Prakash Mehra, members. Either we have everybody who is Narayan Singh Kharwar, Partap Singh, P. 18 interested in bats and rats already a member (VERY unlikely) or we have lost our reach into the academic Short Report on First One-day National Seminar and nature study institutions that have provided our on Small Mammals Issues, Sagar Dahal and current collection of members. -
Teeling2009chap78.Pdf
Bats (Chiroptera) Emma C. Teeling oldest bat fossils (~55 Ma) and is considered a microbat; UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Center however, the majority of the bat fossil record is fragmen- West, University College Dublin, Belfi eld, Dublin 4, Ireland (emma. tary and missing key species (6, 7). Here I review the rela- [email protected]) tionships and divergence times of the extant families of bats. Abstract Traditionally bats have been divided into two super- ordinal groups: Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera Bats are grouped into 17–18 families (>1000 species) within (see 8, 9 for reviews). Megachiroptera was consid- the mammalian Order Chiroptera. Recent phylogenetic ered basal and contained the Old World megabat fam- analyses of molecular data have reclassifi ed Chiroptera at ily Pteropodidae, whereas Microchiroptera contained the interfamilial level. Traditionally, the non-echolocating the 17 microbat families (8, 9). Although this division megabats (Pteropodidae) have been considered to be the was based mainly on morphological and paleonto- earliest diverging lineage of living bats; however, they are logical data, it highlighted the diB erence in mode of now found to be the closest relatives of the echolocating sensory perception between megabats and microbats. rhinolophoid microbats. Four major groups of echolocating Because all microbats are capable of sophisticated laryn- microbats are supported: rhinolophoids, emballonuroids, geal echolocation whereas megabats are not (5), it was vespertilionoids, and noctilionoids. The timetree suggests believed that laryngeal echolocation had a single origin that the earliest divergences among bats occurred ~64 in the lineage leading to microbats (10). 7 e 17 families million years ago (Ma) and that the four major microbat of microbats have been subsequently divided into two lineages were established by 50 Ma. -
The Evolution and Development of Chiropteran Flight
University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Honors Theses and Capstones Student Scholarship Spring 2020 The Evolution and Development of Chiropteran Flight Emmaline Willis University of New Hampshire Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/honors Part of the Developmental Biology Commons, Evolution Commons, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Willis, Emmaline, "The Evolution and Development of Chiropteran Flight" (2020). Honors Theses and Capstones. 538. https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/538 This Senior Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses and Capstones by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Willis 1 Emmaline Willis Zool Thesis Advisor- Bolker 9/25/19 The Evolution and Development of Chiropteran Flight Intro Flying is thought of as a reserved skill used by very few animals throughout history. These animals may be the birds outside your window, the pterodactyl in a children’s book, or the insects buzzing about on a hot day. There are also thousands of bats flapping around in the dark all around the world. Exploring the sky, bats are the only mammal capable of true powered flight (Gunnel and Simmons 2005). Bats are an extraordinarily diverse group of mammals. Chiroptera, the order name for this group of mammals, has over one thousand species (Hill, 2018). In fact, the number may be closer to 1,400 species (K.