THE ^^^^MANITOBA ONE OF MORE THAN 400 NEW AND COMPLETELY REVISED ARTICLES IN THE

WORLD BOOK ENCYCLOPEDIA

Progress Shows . . . Progress Continues If World Book editors undertook to treatments increase interest and develop a totally new encyclopedia, clarity. New fields of study open it would be exactly like the 1965 the doors to wider learning. It is, edition! Every important point of indeed, another achievement in the progress has been probed, studied, continuing progress of World Book described by experts, and included Encyclopedia. Explore the 1965 edi• in this basic aid to education. tion yourself. There has never been New, modern art and layout an encyclopedia like it.

New and Completely Revised Articles Include: ANIMAL • OCEAN • ASTRONOMY • CAT • CHEMISTRY • CHINA • WINSTON CHURCHILL • DRUG • UNDERWATER DEMOLITION TEAM . LASER . CIRCUS . INDIA . FARM AND FARMING . MONEY . HORSE . DECORATIONS AND MEDALS . PHOTOGRAPHY . LINGUISTICS • JAPAN • ZOO • HYDROFOIL • FISHING INDUSTRY

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Mr. Walter Anderton WORLD BOOK-CHILDCRAFT OF CANADA, LTD. Somerset Building, 294 Portage Ave. • Winnipeg 1, Manitoba Editor. HOWARD J. LOEWEN

Publications Assistant: MIEP VAN RAALTE

Vol. 43, No. 5 March - April, 1965

About This Issue

The Building Committee, charged with the preparation The announcement that teacher of plans for the expansion of the Society's building, has education will be transferred to the prepared a report, which appears on page 4. It includes a University of Manitoba campus this number of proposals to be consideied at the Annual Gen• fall has prompted the Dean of the eral Meeting in April. Faculty of Education in Brandon to relate some of the experiences with Sybil F. Shack, a Winnipeg principal teacher education at his college. The and a past president of the Society, article by Dr. W. W. McCutcheon has written another book, 'Armed of Brandon College can he found on with a Primer'. In anticipation of its page 22. release, an excerpt of the first chap• ter, entitled 'Why Teach?', is repro• Further — on page 37 — readers will he able to read duced on page 8 with the permission some quotes taken from the Faculty of Education of the publishers, McClelland and Alumni Association lecture, delivered by Ronald T. F. Stewart Ltd., Toronto. After this Thompson, Superintendent of the St. James School sampling of Miss Shack's writing, Division. In addition, this issue features information per• teachers will, undoubtedly he anxious to read the rest of taining to the Society's 46th Annual General Meeting the hook, scheduled to he on the market in the near and the convention of the Manitoba Educational Asso• future. ciation, to he held during Easter Week. The solution to Canada's present crisis may he found in part through education. This appears to be one of the COVER STORY: This issue's cover is a sketch of the proposed messages contained in the preliminary report of the new building for The Manitoba 'Teachers' Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism. Society. The design, to be considered by delegates at the AGM. Editor Howard J. Loewen has taken a close look at the was submitted by Winnipeg architects Libling. Michener and Associates. report and its implications and writes about it on page 21.

Table of Contents

Special Features Resolutions i i 25 Proposed New Home for The Manitoba Teachers' Society-- 4 Values in Education, by Ronald T. F. Thompson 37 Why Teach? by Sybil F. Shack 8 She Inspired by Example 41 Civil Rights - Another Issue for the AGM 13 Regular Features Automation — A Topical Issue for the MEA 13 Editorial 3 Nominees - 14 President's Message 12 The Canadian Crisis Hits the Schools, Views and Trends, by Lionel Orlikow 20 by Howard J. Loewen 21 Notes and Quotes 39 Learning How To Teach in a College Setting, Readers Write 42 by W. W. McCutcheon 22 General Secretary Comments —. 44

THE MANITOBA TEACHER, the oflicial organ of The Manitoba haitonaf Board. Teachers' Society, is published six times a year and printed for the publishers by Public Press Ltd.. Winnipeg 21. Annual subscription ELIZABETH F. REDMOND $I.00. Authorized as second class mail. Post Office Department. _ . „ Ottawa, and for payment of postage in cash. Return postage EMERSON L. ARNETT guaranteed. W ROBERT GORDON Contributions tor publication will be welcomed and must be sub• mitted to the Editor. THE MANITOBA TEACHER. 956 Portage Avenue. HOWARD J. LOEWEN Winnipeg 10. Manitoba. YOURS FOR THE ASKING... valuable teaching material for your classes

Use this page as your order form. Mail it (or bring it) to your nearest Commerce branch —or moil to: The Secretary, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, Head Office, Toronto. Be sure to enclose your name and address. 1. Natural Resources Map of Canada (English only) Printed in black Q""""*/ Required and white, 1214" x IJVz", A-36 2. Historical Pictures (English only) Size 12" x 14" (a) "An Early Maritime Fishing Station", A-37 -• (b) "Early Pioneer Fur Trading Settlement, A-38 (c) "A Mining Camp of the 'Nineties' ", A-39 3. Booklets on agricultural subjects designed for farmers. Found useful English French for teaching agriculture to Grades 7 and 8, and in Secondary Schools. Illustrated. To obtain our latest Form Booklet and a Requi• sition Form listing other titles, check here 4. Banking Forms for Schools. To obtain a selection of banking forms for classroom use, check here for a Requisition Form giving complete \t of forms available

CANADIAN IMPERIAL THE BANK BANK OF COMMERCE THAT BUILDS MP-6II

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DETAILED INFORMATIDN: For a copy of "Teach in Canada's Northland" and appUcation forms, write to: Education Division, Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources, 410 Kent Building, Dttawa, Dntario.

2 The Manitoba Teacher Bill 39

rpHE GOVERNMENT is to be commended for intro- divisions have more than 40 school hoards each and that ducing legislation into the House recently which carries one division, Lakeshore, has 119 school boards. out one of the major recommendations of the Michener But this is not the only or the most serious deficiency Commission. The legislation provides for the transfer of all in the requirements that must be met before a referendum financial and most administrative responsibilities for ele• can be submitted to the electors. In a school division with mentary education to the division board. This will make 20 school districts, 10 of the smallest districts, with only a possible the establishment of school areas similar to the small proportion of the total pupil enrolment in the divi• Dauphin-Ochre River School Area which was established sions, can successfully prevent the holding of a referendum in 1946. It will make possible the modernization of the by refusing to endorse the petition. Gonversely, in a divi• school system in the predominantly rural areas of the sion where one district has over half of the total pupil province and should enable these areas to offer educa• enrolment, that district, by refusing to petition for a tional facilities comparable to those now provided in the referendum, can successfully prevent the holding of a large urban centres. referendum.

The Bill has one major flaw, however, that will thwart, Legislation that invites and condones such a travesty if not eliminate, the possibility of school areas being estab• of the democratic process is unacceptable under any cir• lished in the 37 school divisions in which elementary cumstances. If the Bill were to he enacted in its present education is now the responsibility of numerous school form the critical need for modernizing our school system districts. would he postponed indefinitely.

The Bill requires that a referendum be held in each school division and that a majority of the resident electors approve the establishment of a school area before the transfer of responsibility can be implemented. This in itself Teaching Reading rules out the school area in many parts of the province because of local jealousies, fear of loss of local control over rpHAT HARDY PERENNIAL - reading - that stimu- education, and lack of confidence in the division boards lates so much controversy hut a somewhat lesser which would be responsible for administering the school amount of wisdom has once again blossomed forth hut area. home no fruit. In true Alice in Wonderland fashion the cause of the recent flare-up was a not-as-yet-puhlic pro• But even in those school divisions in which a majority gress report on Winnipeg's experiment with one of the of the electors might vote in favour of the school area, the articulated phonics methods called phonetic keys to read• possibility of holding a referendum is indeed remote. The ing. Bill also requires that before a referendum can be held in a division a majority of the elected boards of trustees There's good reason to doubt that the controversy of school districts in the division, in which not less than will ever end — history records that some of our earliest 50 per cent of the pupils in that division reside, must peti• civilizations debated the issue — and it would he heresy tion the Minister of Education requesting that a referen• to suggest that the issue is a professional matter which dum on the question he submitted to the resident electors. can safely he left to the educator. And so, dear teacher, please accept with forbearance In order to overcome this initial obstacle, the Minister the dictum that what's past is prologue and that, human of Education will have to embark on a vigorous campaign nature and education being what they are, with school trustees to persuade them that they should request the holding of a referendum. This poses a task of "Yours is not to reason why. monumental proportions when it is considered that 19 Yours is hut to do and die."

March-April, 1965 3 Proposed New Home

for

The Manitoba Teachers^ Society

4i I «

HE MANITOBA Teachers' Soci• and building facilities. After carefully Two principal entrances have been Tety will need more space. This assessing over 50 sites in all parts of located on the east and west sides was the conclusion reached hy your the city, property was purchased in of the building, providing easy access Provincial Executive in 1963 after a St. James at the comer of Portage from the building to the parking lot. study of the long-term needs of the Avenue and Harcourt Street. It was While it is recognized that the major Society and the space available in agreed that this site most closely met approach to the building wiU he hy McMaster House. Several methods of the immediate and long-term needs of car, access for those arriving hy bus meeting this need were considered. the Society within the established on Portage Avenue has been carefully Drawings were prepared indicating a budget. Late in 1964, Libling, considered. A major landscaped ap• method of extension to the present Michener and Associates were ap• proach, comprising steps, ramps, and building. These were then assessed pointed architects to prepare prelimi• plaza, leads to the principal western in terms of building costs, operating nary design drawings and cost esti• entrance from the corner of Portage efficiency and provision for future mates for presentation to the Provin• and Harcourt. growth. Consideration was given to cial Executive and the 1965 Annual The building has been organized on the advisability of selling the present General Meeting. three floors, with the lower floor oc• property and building elsewhere. On The site measures 250' along Por• cupied hy service and reception facili• the basis of these studies, the Provin• tage Avenue hy 150' in depth. In ties as well as a large auditorium for cial Executive in 1964 recommended contrast to the present property, on- 350 persons. The second floor contains to the Annual General Meeting that site parking in excess of 70 cars is pro• all office and administrative frmctions the Society purchase suitable property vided and future expansion of the and the third floor will accommodate and commence preliminary planning building can he easily accommodated. committee rooms, hoard room, li• for a new building. The large, landscaped site, in addi• brary, and staff facilities. Provision A building committee was formed tion to the functional aspects of pro• has been made for the expansion of under the chairmanship of Ed Kowal- viding good parking will provide an two additional floors. While the pro• chuk and sub-committees were formed attractive institutional type setting for posed building plans will accommo• to establish criteria for site selection the proposed building. date expansion of certain operations

4 The Manitoba Teacher r After months of careful consideration, the Society's Building Committee, headed by Ed Koivalchuk, has formulated proposals designed to meet present and future demands upon the Society's facilities. The proposals, expected to be among the main topics of discussion at the 46th Annual General Meeting, are contained in the Committee's report on these pages. The drawings are samples of the work submitted by Libling, Michener and Associates, the Winnipeg architects I firm which assisted the Committee in its deliberations^

of the Society within the initial con• room, the auditorium. There will he successfully designed operation in the struction, the conditions of the sale of two entries into the auditorium, which Alberta Teachers' Association build• the property from the City of St. can he divided into two smaller rooms ing in Edmonton. James to the Society require the pro• hy means of a folding door. Adjacent Opening on to the reception lobby vision of sufBcient structure to add to these public facilities will he a on the ground floor will he the eleva• two more floors. The Committee be• kitchen, storage, and men's and tor and two staircases. Visitors having lieves that with the future addition women's washrooms. To the north of business with the staff of the Society of two more floors, the needs of the the reception lobby is additional stor• will take an elevator to the second Society for the foreseeable future will age and a large printing room. This floor where a receptionist-switchboard he fully met. printing room will facilitate the ex• operator will direct the visitor to the The teacher entering the building panding task of informing members of appropriate office or staff member. An through the east or west doors will new developments in their profes• examination of the second floor plan come into a modest sized reception sional organization and in the general indicates that the centre of the lobby. To the south of the lobby is a field of education. The proposed room square-shaped building is used for coatroom and adjacent to the coat- has been closely modelled on the service functions and reception area,

Second Floor Flan Third Floor Flan

March-April, 1965 5 while the perimeter of the building is devoted to staff ofRces. It is proposed that all partitions around the peri• meter of the building he of a movable type to enable the re-suhdivision of the space as changes in operations in• dicate. The third floor contains a central •MMMD ruKW .LAN service core around which are ar• ranged the hoard room, four confer• ence rooms, men's and women's staff rooms, and a large library-reading room. This reading room will provide for expanded stack facilities and reading tables for approximately 18 teachers. Several study carrels for per• sons doing more extensive research will be provided as will a sound-proof audio room. The four conference rooms, accommodating approximately 25 persons each, may he opened into two larger conference rooms hy means of folding doors. The proposed hoard room measures 42' x 18'. This is ap• proximately twice the size of the pres• ent hoard room and will enable a more comfortable and functional seat• ing arrangement with space for dele• gations. A serving counter is available in the corridor outside the conference room where a coffee urn for the con• venience of teachers attending meet• ings on this floor will he provided. Here, as on the second floor, it is proposed that all pai-titions he of a movable type to enable the re-suhdi• vision of the space at a future time.

HE STRUCTURE of the huildiug pro• Tceeded from the desire to increase functional efficiency hy eliminating columns throughout the ofHce and auditorium areas. The concrete floors and roof of the office portion of the building are supported on the inside hy the walls of the core of the build• ing and on the outside by the con• crete window muUions. Therefore, there will be no interior columns to limit the flexibility and long-term functional quality of the building. Building materials have been chosen to provide an attractive ap• pearance combined with low capital and maintenance costs. The basic building material is concrete designed with different textures and finishes. The colour of the precast concrete on the second and third floor will be light beige and the colour of the poured-in- Ground Floor Plan place rough textured concrete on the

6 The Manitoba Teacher ground floor will be a darker beige. architect to estimate the costs of the interest and principal and is fixed Bronze coloured window glass will proposed building: (a) the actual cost to provide ample funds to pay the provide a soft amber colouration to per square foot or per cubic foot for annual interest to the bond holders both exterior and interior. similar type buildings constructed in and to ensure that the bonds can be In a basement underneath the cen• Winnipeg; (b) detailed quantity redeemed at the prescribed time. If tral core will be the mechanical room. take-ofls of the materials to be used half the bonds were for a ten-year It is proposed that the entire build• in the proposed building. On these term and the other half were for a ing be air-conditioned and in addi• bases, it is estimated that the per 20-year term, the annual payment to tion to the compressor and fan units square foot cost including site work the sinking fund would be $22,080 located in the basement, a cooling (landscaping, parking lot, etc.) will for the first ten years and $16,080 tower on the roof will be provided. be $20.00. As the proposed building for the second ten years. The present The reception and lobby areas will be has a total area of 20,000 square feet, sinking fund payments are $10,580, lit by incandescent hghts, while most the building costs are estimated to be which means that there would be an of the office areas will be ht by flu• $400,000. Other costs to be met are increase of $11,500 per annum for the orescent lights. The mechanical and $50,000 for land (full price was $62,- first ten years and $5,500 for the electrical systems will be in accord• 500) and architect's fees which are a second ten years. ance with the best current office percentage of building costs. The following information indicates building practice. After agreeing to recommend the that the Society is in a relatively In developing the design of the proposed building to the Provincial better position to finance a debenture building, the architects were consci• Executive, the Building Committee issue of $200,000 in 1965 than it was ous of the need to express the special studied methods of financing the to finance an $80,000 issue in 1957- and particular character of The Mani• building and recommended that it be 58, the year McMaster House was toba Teachers' Society. As a majority financed as follows: opened. of those utilizing the building will be (a) apply the equity from the sale of members of the Society, and there• McMaster House; fore part ovmers of the building, a (b) ofler $200,000 of debentures design which would have a more (bonds) to the membership at six .1 per cent per aimum; human scale and warmth than is nor• x.£| mal with standard institutional office (c) transfer the balance required ? E 3 buildings seemed appropriate. The ex• from the Reserve Fund. 1 terior design of the upper two floors This is the same method used to fi• L. •s t 19 while having a simple clarity of sil• nance McMaster House wdth the ex• 0) o >• z CD WD. WD. u houette possesses rich detail interest ception that there was no equity 1957-58 6,250 $111,880 $10,587 9.5% to contribute to a strong visual image. from the sale of property. Conse• 1965-66 9,000 366,797 22,080 . 6.0% The sf)ecial conditions of the site quently, a much larger portion of the established another basic departure building cost had to be financed by point for the design. By setting the selling debentures than is being pro• main mass of the building back from posed at this time. At that time, $80,- Considering the attractiveness of Portage Avenue in the centre of the 000 in debenture bonds were sold the investment and the ability of the property, a more impressive setting and the issue was over-subscribed. Society to make the necessary sinking for the building is possible than would In offering debentures for sale to fund payments, the issuance of $200,- be the case by placing the high por• the membership, there are several fac• 000 of debentures or building bonds tion of the building flush with the tors to consider. The first is the at• is warranted. In fact, there is an sidewalk. Vehicular access to the tractiveness of the investment. When additional reason for financing a large parking lot which sm-rounds the it is considered that the interest rate share of the total cost of the proposed building on three sides is gained from is slightly higher than the present rate building in this manner. By spreading the lane at the north side of the site. of comparable investments and that the payments over a period of 20 The parking has been ramped down there is no risk as $200,000 represents years, the burden of financing the and screen walls provided so that less than half of the value of the venture does not fall solely on pres• parking will not appear to dominate building and property, the remainder ent teachers but is shared to some the site and the building. Landscap• being financed as outlined above, the extent by those who will enter the ing has been considered as an in• debentures should be an attractive in• profession in the future. tegral part of the design to comple• vestment to the membership. ment and soften the basic building HE SITE, the planning and the geometry. The second factor to consider is the annual cost to the Society of financing Tbuilding design have all been con• the debenture issue. The debentures sidered with a view to providing The T THE design stage, it is impossible are to be financed by appropriating an Manitoba Teachers' Society with a Ato give more than an approxi• annual amount to a sinking fund building which vrill serve the needs mate estimate of building costs. Two which is administered by a trust com• of an expanded organization with ef• following methods were used by the pany. The annual payment Includes ficiency and with beauty. »

March-April, 1965 7 tables, trying to explain what a sen• tence is, and why an electric bell rings. My years in the classroom arc the only credentials I bring to the task of taking a look at teaching and the schools. Because by far the greater part of Why Teach? my life has been spent in schools — learning, teaching, and learning — I cannot hope to examine the subject of Canadian education objectively, from some lofty observation point out• side its moiling activity. I can see and speak only as a teacher deeply by SYBIL F. SHACK involved in the problems of teaching, in the circumstances under which I must teach, with the children and the circumstances under which they must learn, personally and passionately con• cerned about the schools in which both the children and I must work. I am not a critic dissecting the faults of Canada's educational systems like a boy pulling apart a grasshopper. I am IX O'CLOCK in the morning of a He has told me since that he had not a prophet crying doom; nor am I Sclear, hot August Monday. The made up his mind sight unseen that a Pollyanna making the best of every short train — coach, baggage car, and I would have the job. My unorthodox misfortune, I am just one of the sleeper — shrieking down the track letter, written on the last sheet of a thousands of people in Canada whose ten flat miles to the dusty horizon. A pad of notepaper, and slightly grease- job and passion it is to teach. weathered railway-red stationhouse. A stained, had aroused his interest. He Like many teachers of my genera• gravelled street lined with false- had believed me when I said in it tion I entered the profession almost by fronted stores. Ahead the tawny yel• that this would be my last attempt default, because there was little else low of dry grass and sparse grain. Not to get a school, and that if it brought for a young woman to do. The pay a living thing in sight, not even a no results I would give up the idea of was small and the prestige minimal; dog. Around me only the dry crackle teaching. I was interviewed by the yet jobs were scarce and teachers and hum of grasshoppers in the brittle owner of the lumberyard, the keeper plentiful. It took two years of trying growth. A terrible hollow feeling in of the general store, and a prosperous before I got that first teaching job my stomach, not of hunger but of fear. farmer in the district, and I was hired in a small town in Manitoba where Muscles that ached from a cramped for $900 a year, a munificent salary in some of the pupils in the high school and sleepless night. I could not afford 1932. My sister was to teach five years were as old as I was. Since then I to gamble the price of a berth on the later for $500, and was to have trouble must confess that from time to time chance of a job; I had already spent collecting her money. I had friends I have found my work, and my pupils, twelve dollars for a return ticket. Now who were teaching for $350, or for and their parents irritating, dull, and my eyes were smarting with weariness room and board, or just for experience. tiresome. More than once as the black and tears and the glare of the sun So I have my old friend, the walls of the classroom closed in on on the prairie. secretary-treasurer of the first school me, and the children in front of me My two hundredth application for a district in which I taught, to thank grew more and more perverse, I have teaching position had drawn a nibble. or to blame for salvaging me for the wondered whether I should have On Friday night I had had a telephone career that has held me fast ever since. thanked my old friend for what he call from the secretary-treasurer of a I spent two years in his school, had done for me, and have asked my• school district suggesting hesitantly teaching farm children French irregu• self bitterly why I was still teaching. and tentatively that if I were really lar verbs and the joys of English' In answering the question for my• interested I might come and apply literature. Since then I have taught self I am, f am sure, answering it in person. My letter of application had eight-year-olds about the polder lands for many others who, like me, have appealed to him, and he would take of Holland, thirteen-year-olds to de• asked it of themselves. The answer? me around and introduce me to the cipher Caesar's diaries of the Gallic My job, irritating, dull, and tiresome members of the school board. Mind wars, and seventeen-year-olds to solve as it can be, is also interesting, varied, you, I wasn't to be too hopeful; there quadratic equations. I have watched and rewarding. And because it is im• were 400 applications for the job. But scores of other teachers struggling portant, it is profoundly satisfying. if I were willing to come . . . with phonics and the mutiplication There is not a teacher alive who could

8 The Manitoba Teacher continue with his work if he were "Why Teach?" asks Miss Sybil F. Shack, principal of Isaac not convinced of its importance. Teaching is the stuff of life, itself, Brock School in Winnipeg, in her new book, 'Armed creative, exciting. Its warp and its ivith a Primer . Her answer to this baffling question is woof are the heart and mind of man. That is why I am still teaching. contained in the first chapter, part of which is reproduced Yet every term sees tliousands of here ivith permission of the publishers, McClelland and sensitive, fine young people enter the Stewart Ltd., Toronto. The book, scheduled for release profession only to leave it after a few months, or at best after a few years. this month, reveals the author s profound knowledge Since the education of these young of education. It is a must for teachers and, for that matter, people is costly, and is borne largely anyone interested in reading ivhat a teacher has to say. by the public, the causes of their leaving are of concern to everyone. Why do they take their training and then leave the career they seem to and talks to children only. It is no All of us who teach, young or old, have chosen? accident that the primary teacher so those who stay and those who leave, Some, of course, are the "trousseau often speaks with the artificial pre• have found ourselves irritated by the teachers", young women who teach cision of a television commercial. The attitudes of other adults toward us. for a short time before they are mar• conversation of the staff room, at best I am not really surprised, though often ried, or for a short time afterwards hurried and between bells, tends to be annoyed, that teachers are reluctant to in order to help buy the car or the about children and classroom prob• admit to their profession, and that house or the coveted sterling silver. lems. Particularly in the elementary women particularly are flattered when Somewhat in the same category are school there develops the feeling of they are told that they "do not look those, more often men, who frankly being cut off from the real world of like teachers", whatever that may use teaching as the first rung of the adults, from the world in which adults mean. Because the moment it becomes ladder to a better and more profitable are not always expected to be on their known in a social gathering that I life. Teaching is easy to get into: not best and most formal behaviour, and am a teacher, or more particularly much schooling is required, and it in which they are even allowed occa• a principal, the very atmosphere pays dividends, small though they be. sionally to vent their irritations against round me begins to change. Mothers A year invested at a teachers' college one another. and fathers want to talk to me about has helped many a doctor, lawyer, or The classroom is in many ways an everything from their children's bed- physicist through the eight or ten unreal world for the adult as well as wetting to the difficulties of learning years of study that lay before them. for the child. It is a community in algebra. I am harangued about the Some of the deserters have been the same sense that a jail or a mon• shortcomings of my dinner partner's disillusioned or discouraged by the astery is a community. Although it has stenographer's spelling, and put on low beginning salaries, the many years a dominating and overriding purpose the defensive about the failure of my required to reach maximum pay, the for holding its occupants together, in new acquaintance's little boy to read long slow road to promotion, the lack most other ways it does not even fluently. Much as I like children, per• of recognition. But there are still others approximate the sort of community sonally and professionally, I do not who had chosen teaching as a life in which the adult should be living want to eat and drink them with my work, who had gone into it filled with and working outside his occupation. social life. Nor can I be carried away enthusiasm and idealism, and who For one thing, the teacher is a strong with enthusiasm at the recital of my have dropped out unhappy, embitter• figure of authority in a limited setting. host's victories over his teachers dur• ed, suffering deep wounds to their This authority which he exercises, ing his own distant school career. self-esteem. A few leave before they often unchallenged for two hundred It may seem strange to parents, but are utterly defeated, but enough stay days a year, may make him pompous teachers are very much like other to taste defeat and its sourness before and unbearable in other situations people. We are just as interested as they gather the courage to leave; they where he has no right to exercise au• the general run of mankind in fash• become the worst enemies of teaching thority. Since the authority is exer• ions, the weather, the consequences of and of the schools. cised over those younger and weaker nuclear fallout, the arts, and the latest What reasons drive these people than he, when he emerges from the scandal. We become unutterably out of the teaching profession? What classroom he is not always able to weary of children, just as their parents embitters and disillusions them? compete with his peers. Accustomed do, and when we go to a party we One cause is undoubtedly the to command, he feels inadequate. For would like to be treated as people limited association of classroom teach• the young teacher struggling to free and not as a race apart. We are also ers with other adults. For five and a himself, sometimes the only road to just as sensitive as other people about half hours a day a teacher is shut into freedom is one which takes him out• the kind of humour aimed at us. Jokes a classroom alone with thirty-five chil• side the school and the profession he about ethnic minorities are now con• dren. He — or she — sees and hears had chosen. sidered in poor taste, but the teacher

Marcli-.\pril, 1965 9 is still fair game. We smile politely surely as the ox on the treadmill. The Even the experienced teacher is in• the first hundred times we hear the wonder of it is that so many class• tensely aware of it, and knows how joke about the three sexes — male, fe• rooms remain so fresh and vital. To undefinable and unpredictable a thing male, and teacher. We respond expect the freshness and vitality every it can be. If blackboard jungles are politely the first hundred times we lesson of every day is to expect the rare in Ganadian schools, like the real are jocularly poked in the ribs with teacher to be not merely a superior jungles they are named for they can the joke about the nine-to-four day teacher but a superior human being. encroach and overwhelm swiftly and and the two-month vacation. The hrm- However, if all a teacher had to do terribly. When they do, they take an dred and first time we are likely to he was teach, life would not be as in• inestimable toll in suffering, in loss either bored or surly. tolerable as it becomes for some. A of human dignity, and in the lesser young woman, a university graduate, currency of time and money. I have HAT ABOUT the work itself? who had come into teaching filled with seen a class of innocent little first- WTeaching is not unlike the work enthusiasm, starry-eyed with a sense graders drive a teacher to tears, and of the trial lawyer. For the one bril• of mission, was assigned to my staff. fourth-graders reduce a strong man to liant appearance in court there are At the end of three months of teach• incoherent frustration. Both of these months of monotonous plugging. It is ing a group of normal thirteen-year- people believe that the demands made not too difficult to stand in front of olds she was ready to admit defeat. of them in the classroom would have a class and teach a brilliant lesson. Her experience is not unique. I have destroyed them. Both are intelligent, It is very discouraging to come hack lived through similar ones at least even gifted, and would have been the next day and discover that per• twice in my own career. Her classes excellent teachers if all they had had haps only one-fourth of the little were giving her trouble. She was to do was to present academic sub• minds in front of the teacher have anxious to teach them. She knew her ject matter. responded to his brilliance. So he subject, and had her lessons reason• In addition to teaching, the teacher starts all over again, and re-teaches, ably well organized. But the young• must also he a clerk. Year hy year the this time without the histrionics and sters in her class would not listen to amount of work we in the schools the scintillating vocabulary. By the her. They had obviously decided that are asked to produce is multiplied. time he has taught and re-taught fifty she could not control them, and he- Gone is the day when the teacher times the fact that there are four cause she could not make them listen, kept only a classroom register and quarts in a gallon, the first fine fervour they would not do so. Day hy day a record of her pupils' academic has worn off his original presentation. they became more and more out of achievement. Today we collect milk And yet he must continue to he in• hand. As the level of noise in the or lunch money. We sell tickets for the teresting; he must continue to moti• room mounted, the young teacher symphony orchestra, the children's vate the five or six or eight children could not help hut show her fear. theatre, school football games, and in his class who still do not understand They reacted as young savages of skating races. We organize for the that there are truly four quarts in a thirteen do. Individually there was Junior Red Gross. We administer, gallon and by this time are not at all not a cruel or even an unkind young• mark, and enter the results of central• sure that it matters. His patience is ster in that class. Other teachers han• ized tests. We calculate IQ's and not likely to be improved when he dling them had only the usual dif• mental ages. We keep medical records. realizes that after all his hard work, ficulties which crop up in a classroom. We report attendance on four differ• next term's teacher will probably But for my young teacher they made ent printed forms. We do statistical blame him because the children still life miserable. analyses of examinations. We produce do not know that there are four Why did all this happen? It is hard and print several volumes of seatwork, quarts in a gallon. His task is not to know. Perhaps she had antagonized only some of it plagiarized. We tabu• made easier when a disagreeable par• them the first day hy being con• late our pupils according to every ent phones to complain about Jimmy: descending to them. Perhaps she conceivable category for our school "I can't understand it. Jimmy never allowed them liberties in the begin• hoards, our departments of education, had any trouble before. And it's funny ning, and when they overstepped the and the Dominion Bureau of Statistics. that he knows all the tables when I hounds she lacked the authority to We maintain anecdotal files on pupils. ask him at home. Why does he get call them hack. Or perhaps she was We hold and report on fire and civil- so many mistakes at school?" merely young, untried, and unsure of defence drills. We keep day hooks. We Teaching is a monotonous business. herself. Her experience, as I have said, report on teachers who visit our The teacher in the elementary school is not unique. classes. We write notes to parents. We answer questionnaires. We summarize who teaches the addition facts day The control of a class, whether at hooks to report at staff meetings. We after day, the high-school teacher who the first grade or at the twelfth, is arrange convention programs. We teaches Grade X physics to six or of prime importance. Without it there distribute propaganda for forest con• eight classes a week, the teacher of is no learning. It varies in kind from servation and against smoking. We literature who has to find something the permissive to the authoritarian, hut evaluate teaching aids. We arrange new and inspiring in 'Julius Gaesar' in it has to he felt. Inability to establish transportation for children to hall the thirty-fourth year of teaching it — it has driven many a promising, in• games and from the art gallery. We each of these must fight monotony as telligent teacher out of the profession.

10 The Manitoba Teacher sell accident insurance and rent text• "There were many times . . . when the thought books. We order, catalogue, and check library hooks. We keep charts of chil• of facing another year, another week, dren's reading. We set up schedules. We raise money to buy school equip• ment. We report to parents, princi• another day, was pure, blazing agony." pals, supervisors, inspectors, superin• tendents, usually in writing. Undoubt• edly most of these things are necessary and even important, hut they bore is sure that only through the schools beverage, hut we are still expected to into our teaching time. We need that can it teach safety, and the health conform rather closely to the morals time to prepare our lessons, to keep officer wants us to emphasize the evils of our society and of the more con• up with our academic disciplines, to of alcohol and tobacco. A national servative elements of that society. The help individual pupils, and merely to hank sends us persuasive pamphlets young man who grows a heard is just teach. We resent having to tunnel our on how to live a good life, and its a little suspect; there must he some• way through the mounds of directives, competitor woos our goodwill with thing wrong with him. A teacher who reports, records, and accounts, which hook covers. The Canadian Manufac• expresses unpopular opinions suffers block our passage every day of the turers' Association, the British Infor• more than a doctor who is a maverick. week and which reach mountainous mation Service, the second-language After all, the teacher is a public heights at the beginning and end of supporters, the amateur-reading theor• person; his idiosyncrasies are dis• the school term. ists, the Community Chest, the local cussed at every lunch table. To sur• There are increasing demands upon branch of the United Nations Society, vive the kind of surveillance he gets our time, too, from pressure groups the chocolate manufacturer, and the requires more stamina than many a of various kinds which see the school Christmas goodwillers — all of them young teacher can muster. I would and teacher as an easy means of sell• see in our children the easiest way of hate to he a declared atheist, for ex• ing ideas and making points. - The attaining their ends. If we rebel, we ample, trying to teach in almost any causes are good, we are sure, and we are unpatriotic, irreligious, un-Cana- small town or rural area. might even subscribe to some of them dian — none of which we as teachers privately. But we dislike being used. can afford to he. ESET BY all these troubles, why do We dislike even more having our chil• All of which leads to the most frus• Bso many of us continue to teach? dren used. The causes are different, trating aspect of the teacher's work, To he completely honest I should and their proponents have different the restraints placed upon the class• have to admit as a prime reason that motives, hut all of them share the room teacher. In our highly organized teaching is a way of earning a living, conviction that children are an effi• urban school systems the classroom the only way most of us know. There cient channel of distribution, and that teacher is second from the bottom in were many times in my early years children, being both malleable and the pyramid of authority. Only the when the thought of facing another available, should he caught young children are lower. Above him loom year, another week, another day, was and thoroughly indoctrinated. So the the principal, the special subject pure blazing agony. But I had to eat man from the soft-drink factory calls supervisors, the superintendent, the and clothe myself and have a roof to arrange a visit for our classes, and school hoard, the provincial inspector over my head, and my salary came in offers us a token of his appreciation. or superintendent, the deputy minister regularly once a month. Then, too, We are under pressure because other of education, and finally the minister there is the question of pride. To have children have gone, and ours would himself, standing at the peak of the abandoned teaching when it seemed like to, and sometimes we give in structure in the provincial administra• to he getting the better of me was a although the indoctrination they will tion of education. Often, especially in confession of failure that I, and others get is diametrically opposed to our smaller communities, the parents have like me, refused to make. So we lived teaching — at the instigation of the direct access to the teacher who he- through the difficult times, and won Dental Society — that sugar is had for comes subject to local prejudices. In our victories over the difficult classes, the teeth. The local businessmen's club many parts of Canada, we, the teach• and more often over our own weak• sponsors a flower-growing contest. ers, have little or no control over nesses, until we became what we had The Junior Humane Society sends us what we teach, or over the textbooks not been in the beginning — profes- literature about kindness to animals; from which we teach. ional teachers. we are glad to get it because it coun• Almost as discouraging as the pro• The two reasons I have given are ters other literature sent out hy a fessional restrictions are the other re• not the overriding ones. There are sportsmen's group lauding the glories straints, less recognizable, hut just as other things that have kept us teach• of hunting and fishing. Religious powerful, which still hind the teacher ing, that made a vocation out of an groups are pressing for religious in• and the preacher, especially in a accidental choice. The satisfactions of struction in the schools. Equally voci• rural district. Women teachers are now our work, smaller in number than the ferous parents think we should he permitted to smoke in public, and frustrations, far outdistance them in teaching about sex. The safety council may even he permitted an alcoholic kind and quality. »

March-April, 1965 11 which is of great importance to divi• sion associations and their delegates. Biographical sketches of nominees for office in the coming year are in one part of the magazine. Resolutions submitted hy local and division asso• ciations form another part. The ma• terial in both of these sections of the from ELIZABETH F. REDMOND magazine merits close attention. It is important that an able executive he elected to carry on the affairs of the Society. The disposition of resolu• tions at the AGM will have an im• HE EASTER vacation is a busy the Executive of the Society for the portant hearing on future policy of Ttime for Manitoba teachers, bring• succeeding year. our organization. ing the twin conventions of the Mani• Recently, Senorita Amelia Marti• At the time of writing, the Mani• toba Educational Association and The nez Trucco, an elementary school toba Government is in session and, Manitoba Teachers' Society. Each principal from Argentina about whom with other citizens of the province, year, teachers from all over the prov• you have read in the Society's News• we take a keen interest in the debates ince gather together to see demon• letter, expressed surprise not only at and decisions of the Members. Dele• stration lessons, to learn of new tech• the wide scope of the Society's activi• gates to the AGM are the parliamen• niques, and to discuss many aspects ties in the educational field hut also at tarians of The Manitoba Teachers' of education. the large numbers of teachers in• Society. The fruitfulness of their de• This year, the 46th Annual General volved. Nowhere, I think, is this so liberations will he in direct propor• Meeting of The Manitoba Teachers' evident as at the Annual General tion to their awareness of the view• Society will begin on Monday, April Meeting. point of their respective associations 19. Delegates selected hy 47 division This year, members of the Provin• on matters of welfare and professional associations and representing almost cial Council will hear reports on the development which will he discussed 9,000 teachers will form the Provin• Society's expanding program in pro• at the ACM. Division associations cial Council, the policy-making body fessional development, on shared serv• can ensure the success of the AGM hy of the Society. ices, on new courses of study, on the assisting the delegates whom they As always, important matters are Michener report, on the Canada Pen• have selected to become thoroughly to he discussed at the AGM. Matters sion Plan, on educational assistance, conversant with opinion held hy the which are of vital concern to the pro• and on the building project. They will general membership. gress of education in our province. discuss the work accomplished hy the If The Manitoba Teachers' Society Each year delegates consider the ac• more than 20 standing and special is to continue to make a worthwhile tivities of the Society in the preced• committees of the Provincial Execu• contribution to education in Mani• ing 12 months and attempt to assess tive. They will consider and take toba, it can only he as a result of the value of the work done. They must action on resolutions that deal with policy established through thoughtful make important decisions in an effort many aspects of education. discussion and wise decisions on the to improve the quality of education The current issue of THE MANI• part of well-informed delegates at the in Manitoba schools. They must elect TOBA TEACHER carries information AGM. »

Attend the Manitoba Sehools' Seienee Fair

Teachers attending the 46th Annual General Meeting of The Manitoba Teachers' Society or the annual con• vention of the Manitoba Educational Association held in Winnipeg during Easter week are urged to visit the Manitoba Schools' Science Fair to he held in the enclosed Polo Park Mall in Winnipeg. The fair will he opened hy the Honourahle George Johnson, Minister of Education, at 9:15 a.m., on April 22. Between 4:00 and 6:00 p.m., judging of special awards based on the neatness of the displays will take place. The fair closes at 8:00 p.m. and participants are reminded that exhibits must he removed at that time. In preparation of the fair, workmen will set up tables and frames on April 19, hut contestants are advised not to he in the display area at that time. The displays may he set up on April 20, between 1:00 and 5:00 p.m., while the judging of elementary, junior and senior high school exhibits will he done on April 21.

12 The Manitoba Teacher Civil Rights - Another Issue for the AGM

ANITOBA teachers will he ahle the Washington Bureau of the NAAGP Mto acquire an insight into the led the fight for the 1957 Civil Rights fight for civil rights in the United Act; the first such legislation passed States when Clarence Mitchell, Di• hy Congress in over 80 years. He rector of the Washington Bureau of chaired one of the strategy groups the National Association for the Ad• formed to get the civil rights hill vancement of Colored People, comes through Congress in 1963-64 and to Winnipeg at Easter. when President Lyndon B. Johnson In spite of a crowded schedule, signed the historic law on July 2, Mr. Mitchell has accepted the invita• 1964, was one of the NAAGP repre• tion to speak at the Society's dinner, sentatives attending the ceremony at a traditional highlight of the Annual the White House. General Meeting. This year, it will A former newspaper reporter, Mr. Clarence Mitchell he held on Monday evening, April Mitchell gave his first testimony to 19, at the Marlhoiough Hotel, Win• a Senate committee investigating a holds degrees from Lincoln Univer• nipeg. lynching in 1933. He has held execu• sity, Pennsylvania, and the University Mr. Mitchell is one of the key per• tive posts on a numher of President's of Maryland, and has done graduate sons involved in the civil rights move• committees and also served on gov• work at Atlanta University and the ment in the U.S. Under his direction. ernment advisory committees. He University of Minnesota. »

Automation - A Topical Issue for the MEA

HE EFFECTS of automation will Royal Alexandra Hotel, will focus The the topic of the address to he attention on present and future delivered hy one of Canada's out• changes in the field of education. standing research scientists at the joint Ahout 15 educators, including two luncheon of the Manitoha Educational from the United States, have heen Association and The Manitoha Teach• invited to speak ahout such diversi• ers' Society. Dr. Omond M. Solandt, fied suhjects as the teaching of read• of The de Havilland Aircraft of Can• ing and mathematics, physical educa• ada Ltd. in Ontario, will he the guest tion, guidance, special education, speaker at the annual occasion to take home economics, and economic devel• place on April 21 at the Royal Alex• opments in the Soviet Union. In ad• andra Hotel, Winnipeg. Entitled dition, a numher of other features 'Automation, Education and Employ• have heen planned, including an art Omond M. Solandt ment in the Affluent Society', his talk workshop, a tour of the Manitoha In• fits the theme of the 16th annual con• stitute of Technology in Brooklands, a tional Association, Dr. Wes Lorimer, vention of the MEA: 'New Trends in tea on Tuesday afternoon, and a party Superintendent of Winnipeg Schools. Education'. on Wednesday evening. A $2.00 memhership, available at the The program of the convention, The convention will he chaired hy hotel, is all that is required to attend to he held on April 20 and 21 at the the president of the Manitoha Educa- the convention. »

Marcli-April, 1965 13 Nominated for Nominated for President First Vice-President Albert W. Davie, head of the Social Albert W. Davie — see 'Nominated for Studies Depart- President.' ment, Daniel Mc- Intyre Collegiate Institute, Winnipeg, Henry H. Goert- holds a B.A. de• zen, teacher at gree and has com• Daniel Mclntyre pleted several Fac• Collegiate Institute, ulty of Education Winnipeg, holds courses. His 37 R.A. and R.Ed, de• years of teaching experience includes grees. He has two years as assistant principal in the taught for 33 years Norwood School Division, one year as at Schanzenfeld, assistant principal of King Edward Winkler, Plum School in Winnipeg, and 26 years at Coulee, A11 o n a his present school. An active member Nominees and Winnipeg. At the local level, he was of the Men's Local of the Winnipeg a member of the Plum Coulee-Hom- Division Association for 35 years, he has dean-Rosenfeld and Altona-Cretna Local served as president of the Local and of Associations and also served as president. the WDA. Furthermore, Mr. Davie has Provincially, he has served on the Soci• heen on committees dealing with educa• ety's Executive for about five years and tional finance, salary negotiations, shared was a member of the Rural Problems services and other aspects of the work Committee and chairman of the Edu• in which the Society is involved. During cational Assistance Committee. His other the past six years, he was a Provincial interests include the work of the Asso• Executive member, chairman of the Fi• More than 50 members have ciation for Retarded Children and the nance Committee for one year, and be• Red Cross Society. came the Society's treasurer in 1963. He has been a delegate to the Canadian been nominated for posi• Conference on Education, a member of Edward Kowalchuk — see 'Nominated for Department of Education committees President.' and of various organizations, including tions on the 1965-1966 Pro• the Canadian College of Teachers and the Canadian Educational Association. John Lyzun, super• vincial Executive of The vising principal of Rrooklands Schools, Manitoba Teachers' Society. has R.A. and R.Ed, Edward Kowal- degrees and 32 chuk, mathematics years of teaching teacher at Garden The elections will be one of experience in ele• City Collegiate, mentary and high West Kildonan, has schools. Prior to B.A. and B.Ed, de• the highlights of the 46th accepting his pres• grees. After teach• ent post in 1956, ing for one year at he was principal at Rirds Hill, Cardale, Lyieton, he joined Annual General Meeting. and Miami. From the start, Mr. Lyzun the Seven Oaks has been a member of the Society's local School Division associations. Since 1963, he has served staff in 1949 and has since taught at on the Provincial Executive and the pro• various schools in this area. At the local vincial committees on teacher education level, he has been president of local and and certification, library, and curriculum, division associations, chairman of a nego• and was co-chairman of the Public Re• tiating committee, and member of public lations Committee during the past year. relations and curriculum committees. At In addition, he has participated or is the provincial level, Mr. Kowalchuk participating in the work of several or• has served on the Society's Building, ganizations, including the Brooklands Building Requirements, Educational As• Home and School Association and Alumni sistance, Public Relations and Teacher Associations of the University of Mani• Recruitment Committees, and on the toha. Provincial Executive. In addition, he is president of the Amateur Radio League of Manitoba and chairman of two Red Donald T. McKinnon, principal of Birch- Cross committees. wood and Woodhaven Schools, St. James,

14 The Manitoba Teacher holds B.Sc. and Edward Kowalchuk — see 'Nominated member of the Society's division associa• B.Ed, degrees and for President.' tions in these areas, and president of has taught for 14 the Brandon Division Association. From years . While Donald T. McKinnon — see 'Nominated 1961 to 1962, he took part in a teacher teaching in Winni• for First Vice-President.' exchange program and taught at Sacra• peg, he was a mento, California. He has been active member of the in a number of organizations, including Men's Local of the Nominated for Treasurer the Manitoba Music Educators' Associa• Winnipeg Division Albert W. Davie — see 'Nominated for tion, the Manitoba Language Association, A.s.sociation and of ^S^A . President.' and the Brandon College Alumni Asso• the executive of the ciation. WDA. Since his transfer to St. James five years ago, he has served on the Nominated for Jacob (Jake) Braun, teacher at T. A. executive of the St. James Division Asso• Provincial Executive Neelin Composite High School, Brandon, ciation. In the summer of 1963, Mr. completed several university courses fol• McKinnon was selected by The Manitoba Aubrey Asper, mathematics teacher at lowing one year of teacher education at Teachers' Society and the Canadian Gordon Bell High School, Winnipeg, Brandon College. Before coming to Teachers' Federation to go to Liberia, obtained his B.Sc. and B.Ed, degrees at Brandon six years ago and joining the where he taught teaching methods to the University of Manitoba. He has taught Brandon Division Association, he taught Liberian teachers. Elected to the Pro• at Teulon and Rivers, where he took an for two years at Amaranth and Inglis. vincial Executive in 1964, he was co- active part in the work of the local and In Brandon, he has chaired the Educa• chairman of the provincial Pensions Com• division associations, including the duties tion Week and public relations commit• mittee, chairman of the Resolutions of president of the associations at Rivers. tees, and was treasurer of the Division Committee and a member of the Judicial Since coming to Winnipeg, he has played Association for one year. During 1964-65, and Shared Services Committees during a role in the work of the Men's Local he was second vice-president and co- the past year. Currently, he is also presi• of the Winnipeg Division Association. chairman of the curriculum, constitution, dent of the Winnipeg chapter of the Mr. Asper has considerable experience in and resolutions committees of the Bran• American Recorder Society. the field of teacher pensions and has don Division Association. For a number served on both local and provincial pen• of years, Mr. Braun has been involved in sions committees. During the past two school sports and drama activities and is years, he was co-chairman of the Society's currently vice-president of the Central Nominated for provincial Pensions Committee and par• Community Centre and a member of the Second Vice-President ticipated in the revision of the high Toastmasters' Club in Brandon. Albert W. Davie — see 'Nominated for school mathematics curriculum as a President.' member of one of the committees of the Alfred R. Brooks, teacher at Virden Col• Department of Education dealing with legiate, holds B.A. and B.Ed, degrees. Henry H. Goertzen — see 'Nominated for the University Entrance Course. He has Prior to accepting his present position in First Vice-President.' also done considerable work in the field 1962, he taught for two years at Grand- of public relations. view Collegiate. As a member of the r^M^^ Charles (Chuck) Intermountain Division Association, he J. Irving Bateman, principal of Fleming MpHiPMH| Hamelynck, E n g - chaired the Association's public relations School, Brandon, obtained his R.A. de• !Jr lisli teacher at committee and during the current year is gree and teacher education through G i m 1 i Composite chairman of the salaries committee of summer, evening and other courses. Re- High School, was the Fort la Bosse Division Association. fore coming to Brandon 30 years ago, educated in Hol• He is also a member of the Virden Local he taught at Round Lake, Rackham, and land, where he ob• Association and chief instructor of the Erickson. He has been principal at Bran• tained an agricul• Virden Collegiate Cadet Corps. don since 1940. As a member of the ture degree at Uni• Brandon Division Association, he has versity of Utrecht. participated in the Society's work for 30 Miss Dorothy Brummitt, principal of Since coming to years, serving on various committees, in• Whitmore Elementary School, Dauphin, Canada, he has completed three summer cluding the chairmanship of the Ideals has B.A. and B.Ed, degrees and partici• courses at the University of Manitoba and Practice, Teacher Education and pated in the Society's work for many and taught one year at Gilbert Plains Certification, Education Week, and Public years, including four years of service on Collegiate before going to Gimli. He Relations Committees. He has been on the Provincial Executive. She has served has been a member of the Intermountain the Provincial Executive for the past as chairman of the Leadership Course Division Association and salary com• three years and is also a past member Committee and as a member of the Cur• mittee chairman and co-ordinator of the of the Board of Directors of Brandon riculum Committee. For the past three Evergreen Division Association. During College and of the executive of the summers, she directed the Cuisenaire the past two years, he was president of Brandon College Alumni Association as courses offered by the Society in Win• the latter Association, a member and well as holding memberships in several nipeg and, at present, is chairman of the chairman of the provincial Salaries Com• other groups. In-Service Training Committee. mittee, and a delegate at two leadership seminars at Clear Lake. In the fall of Robert T. Blair, relief principal at Alex• James M. Caldwell, teacher at Churchill 1964, Mr. Hamelynck was appointed to andra and George Fitton Schools, Bran• High School, Wirmipeg, has had several the Provincial Executive to replace Roy don, has R.A. and R.Ed, degrees. During years of industrial arts training as well as White, assigned to a teaching position his ten-year teaching career, he taught at teacher education, which he received at overseas. Portage la Prairie and Brandon, was a the University of Manitoba and the Uni-

March-April, 1965 15 veisity of North Dakota. He was a sub• Robert G. Deveson, principal of Shoal Handicapped Children, Mr. Enns he- stitute teacher in Winnipeg from 1936 to Lake Consolidated School, completed the came co-chairman of the Public Relations 1939 and enlisted in the RCAF in Sep• one-year teacher education program of Committee during the past year. He has tember 1939. Seven years later, he re• Manitoba Teachers College before em• been active as president of the principals' entered the teaching profession and barking on his teaching career seven association in the Morris-Macdonald Di• taught at Earl Grey and Lord Roberts years ago. He has been a teacher at Ell- vision and as member of the Chamber Schools in Winnipeg before joining the wood, Neepawa, and Shoal Lake, where of Commerce. staff at Churchill High School in 1964. he joined the local and division associa• A member of the Winnipeg Division As• tions, and is now past president and Gabriel J. Girard, principal of Dominion sociation since 1946, he has served on chairman of the resolutions committee of City Collegiate, has a B.A. degree and the Association's pensions committee. the Birdtail River Division Association. spent over a year studying towards a At the provincial level, he was a mem• He has also served on salaries commit• B.Ed, degree. Prior to accepting the ber of the Pensions Committee and tees, is treasurer of the Lions Club and a principalship at Dominion City in 1961, a representative of the Manitoba Indus• member of the Independent Order of he taught at the high school in Ridge- trial Arts Association to the Curriculum Oddfellows. ville for three years. He is a past presi• Committee. He has been a civilian in• dent of the Emerson Local Association structor for the RCAF and has also taken Peter P. Drosdowech, principal of Glen- and the Boundary Division Association an active part in the work of the Cana• wood School, St. Vital, has B.A. and and chairman of the Division Associa• dian Industrial Arts Association, the B.Ed, degrees and ten years of teaching tion's pensions committee. Furthermore, Canadian Legion, and a community club. experience. Before coming to St. Vital in during the past five years Mr. Girard has 1956, he taught for a year at Kelwood, been on the Society's provincial Rural where he was a member of the Kelwood Miss Roberta Chapman, teacher at Ed• Problems Committee. Local Association. In St. Vital, he was a mund Partridge Junior High School, member of the curriculum committee and John J. Gisiger, principal of Souris Col• West Kildonan, completed one year chairman of the negotiation committee legiate, holds B.A. and B.Ed, degrees teacher training before entering the before being elected president of the St. and has taught for almost eight years in teaching profession 16 years ago. She has Vital Division Association in 1963. Dur• elementary and secondary schools at taught in Brandon, Ninette, Souris, and ing the past year, he also served on the Ashern, Lynn Lake, and Souris. He has West Kildonan and played an active role provincial Building Committee and Judi• served on salaries committees of the in the work of the local and division asso• cial Committee of the Society. He is a Lakeshore Division Association and Lynn ciations in these communities. She was past president of the St. Vital-Windsor Lake Local Association and as member president of various local associations Park Optimist Club and was Lieutenant- and chairman of curriculum and pensions and has served on salary committees of Governor of the Optimist Clubs of Mani• committees of the Souris Valley Division the Souris-Carol Local Association and toba during 1962-1963. Association. He is also a past president the Seven Oaks Division Association. In of the Lynn Lake Local and has been addition, she was a member of the Soci• Michael H. Dudar, teacher at Dauphin a member of the provincial Curriculum ety's provincial committees concerned Collegiate, holds B.A. and B.Ed, degrees Committee during the last three years. In with teacher education and certification, and has taught for 32 years in a one- addition, he is director of the Souris and curriculum, and participated in the room rural school and in junior and Kinsmen Club and executive member of Clear Lake leadership seminar in 1964. senior high schools. In addition to tak• the Home and School Association. ing an active part in the work of the Peter Derenchuk, vice-principal of Glen- Ochre - Makinak and Dauphin - Ochre Henry H. Goertzen — see 'Nominated for lawn Collegiate, St. Vital, has a B.A. and Local Associations in the area of salaries First Vice-President.' a B.Ed, degree. After teaching at Argyle and pensions, he has also been a mem• Charles (Chuck) Hamelynck — see 'Nomi• School in Wirmipeg for four years, he ber of the Society's provincial Finance nated for Second Vice-President.' started at his present school in 1959. and Educational Assistance Committees. From 1955 to 1958, he was a member Interested in sports, Mr. Dudar is a G. Wayne Hanna, principal of Melita of the Winnipeg Local Association and member of the Men's Curling Club and Collegiate, has B.A., B.S.A. and B.Ed, since joining the St. Vital Division Asso• the Teachers' Bowling League in degrees as well as six years teaching ciation has served on this Association's Dauphin. experience at Pierson and Melita. He negotiating and salaries committees as has actively participated in the Society's chairman. During the past three years, he John Enns, principal of Morris-Mac- efforts to improve teacher salaries as has also been secretary of the Science donald Collegiate, Lowe Farm, has B.A. chairman of the salaries committee of the Teachers' Association of Manitoba. and M.Ed, degrees and completed one Antler River Division Association, mem• year teacher training in Saskatchewan. ber of the provincial Salaries Committee, Gerard G. Desrosiers, teacher at Ste. After four years teaching in Saskatche• and as salaries coordinator. Currently, he Anne Collegiate, holds B.A., B.Paed., wan, he moved to Manitoba about 14 is president of his Division Association. and B.Ed, degrees and has taught for years ago. From 1950 to 1964, he was For several years, he has taken part in ten years, one year at Pelican Rapids and a member of the Morris-Lowe Farm the activities of the Pierson Lions Club, the remainder at Ste. Anne. He is an Local Association, including one year as Melita Kinsmen Club, Masonic Lodge, executive officer of the Ste. Anne Local president. At present, he is a member of and other organizations. Prior to enter• Association and Seine River Division the Morris-Macdonald Division Associa• ing the teaching profession, Mr. Hanna Association and has served as such for tion. He has served on negotiating and spent ten years as a sales supervisor of several years. He has also been a mem• salaries committees and has been on the Canada Packers in Ontario. ber of salaries committees, is a member Provincial Executive since 1963. After of the Home and School Association, serving as chairman of the Provincial Robert J. Harris, teacher at River East and Grand Knight of the Knights of Teacher Evaluation Committee and Collegiate, North Kildonan, holds B.A. Columbus. member of the Special Committee on and B.Ed, degrees and has taught for

16 The Manitoba Teacher eight years. Prior to his teaching position ing club and a group for teenagers at participated in many local and division in North Kildonan, he was for two years Great Falls. association activities, including serving at Souris and principal of the Wawanesa as president of the Fort la Bosse Divi• high school for another five years. A past Edward Kowalchuk — see "Nominated sion Association in 1963-1964. Currently, president of the Souris Valley Division for President.' he is a salaries coordinator. Association, he has also served on salaries Morris Kowalchuk, teacher at Beause- Mike Leung, teacher at Swan River Col• and public relations committees and is jour Collegiate, acquired his B.A. degree legiate Institute, received his teacher now a member of the River East Divi• through summer and evening courses. training at the Manitoba Teachers Col• sion Association. At the provincial level, After teaching for ten years in several lege and has completed two third-year Mr. Harris has served on various com• elementary schools, he continued his university courses as well as two RCAF mittees, including those dealing with career in secondary schools, including the courses in administration and instruc• salaries and statutory membership. Springfield Collegiate. Since he started tional technique. He has been at his teaching about 17 years ago, Mr. Kowal• present school during the past ten of his Delorie W. Howell, principal of Pierson chuk has been an active member of the 18 years of teaching and is a member of Collegiate, has a B.A. degree and is cur• Society. He assisted in the re-organiza• the Swan River-Bowsman Local Associa• rently completing the last course for his tion of the Springfield Local Association, tion. He has held a number of executive B.Ed. During the past 18 years he has served on the executive, and chaired the posts in local and division associations taught in several rural communities, in• negotiating committee of this Local. He and is past president, secretary and cluding Ninette, Goodlands, and Wa• is now chairman of the public relations member of the negotiating committee of wanesa. He has been involved in the committee of the Agassiz Division Asso• the Swan Valley Division Association. Society's work since 1948 and has served ciation and was a member of the provin• His other interests include the work of as president of local and division asso• cial Educational Assistance Committee the Royal Canadian Legion, Home and ciations, as member of salaries and public during the past year. relations committees, and as provincial School Association, and Swan River Curl• salaries co-ordinator. At present, he is a Alexander Krawec, teacher at Pilot ing Club. member of the Antler River Division As• Mound Collegiate Institute, has com• sociation. Among his other interests are pleted the one-year course at the Mani• John Lyzun — see 'Nominated for First the work of the Canadian Legion and toba Teachers College and third-year uni• Vice-President.' Lions Club, hockey, swimming, and track versity courses. He has taught in both Donald T. McKinnon — see 'Nominated and field. elementary and secondary schools during the past ten years and for four years was for First Vice-President.' principal in the Consolidated School Joseph W. Kachor, teacher at Midland Raymond J. MacDonald, teacher at Nee• District of Snowflake during that time. Collegiate, Carman, holds B.A. and B.Ed, pawa Area Collegiate, has a B.A. degree He has been on the staff at Pilot Mound degrees and has taught for 20 years. Be• and about eight years teaching experience. since 1962. In 1954, Mr. Krawec took an fore accepting a teaching post in the Before accepting his present position in active part in the organization of the Midland School Division about eight 1960, he taught for a year at Eden Col• Hadashville Local Association and served years ago, he had been teaching in sev• legiate. From 1957 to 1959, he was a as president and vice-president. Prior to eral other rural districts, including five member of the Neepawa District Local his transfer to Pilot Mound, he had years at Waskada and three years at Association, during which time he served served the Pembina Valley Division As• Ashem. He served on the executive of a one-year term as president. Since 1960, sociation as public relations officer and the Midland Division Association for he has been associated with the Beauti• president, and is now a member of the about four years and has chaired a sal• ful Plains Division Association, serving Tiger Hills Division Association. Provin• aries committee as well as being a mem• on negotiating committees and as chair• cially, he has been involved in the work ber of the provincial Salaries Committee man of the salaries committee as well as of the Public Relations Committee. His for the past two years. Since 1963, Mr. acting as salaries coordinator. Further• other current activities include the Kachor has also been a salaries co• more, he has assisted in the organization presidency of the Pilot Mound Kinsmen ordinator of the Society and currently is of Education Week projects, is co-man• Club and of the Pembina Valley Drama president of the Carmo Social Club. ager of a local theatre group, and mem• Festival Association. ber of the Lions Club and Curling Club Fred Kalinowsky, principal of Great Arnold M. Leech, principal of Boston in Neepawa. Falls Elementary School, received his Collegiate, received his teacher educa• teacher training at the teachers' college tion at Brandon, and embarked on his John W. Milner, supervisor of Duncan in Brandon and has continued his educa• teaching career about 28 years ago. He School, Swan River, holds B.Sc, B.Paed., tion through summer school courses at has taught in various rural schools in and B.Ed, degrees. During his eight- the University of Manitoba. After he had Churchill, Argyle, Altamont, Pipestone year teaching career, he was on staff in taught for three years at Wilson Glen and other towns. During this time he Dauphin, Crystal City, Yellowknife, School, he moved to Treheme, where he Shoal Lake, and Swan River. He has remained for another year before going taken part in local and provincial activi• to Great Falls five years ago. He has ties of the Society since 1957, serving as been a member of local and division chairman of the Birdtail River Division associations' executives for five years, Association salaries committee as well as chaired a curriculum committee, and is on the salaries committee of the Swan Valley Division Association and the pro• one of the Society's curriculum consult• The election of officers will ants appointed in 1964. At present, he vincial Salaries Committee. In addition, is serving his third term as councillor of take place on Tuesday morn• he has been involved in the work of vari• the Village of Great Falls and is actively ous other organizations, including the participating in the activities of the curl• ing, April 20, 1965. Science Teachers' Association of Mani-

March-April, 1965 17 toba, the Manitoba Educational Asso• vincial Ideals and Practice Committee. Max P. Scbatz, principal of Birch River ciation, the Indian-Metis Association, and She is active in the Voice of Women Collegiate, has B.A. and B.Ed, degrees the Home and School Association. and interested in the Winnipeg Art and taught for two years at Minitonas. Gallery and the Royal Winnipeg Ballet. He has been at Birch River since 1961. John S. Monteith, teacher at Rivers Col• He is a past president of the Minitonas- legiate, studied at Colorado College, Jean-Charles Poirier, teacher at St. Renwer Local Association and the Swan holds a B.A. degree, and completed the Claude Collegiate, has B.A. and B.Ed, Valley Division Association and, during Education I course at Brandon College. degrees and started his teaching career 1964-1965, was a member of the salary He has been in his current position for about three years ago at Mariapolis. He evaluation committee of the Birch River- almost two years and is vice-president moved to St. Claude and has been in this Mafeking Local Association. In addition, and salaries committee member of the community for about two years. He was he is a past president of the Swan Valley Rolling River Division Association. He vice-president of the Mountain Division High School Teachers' Association and a is also a member of the science fraternity Association and also served for a year member of the Birch River Chamber of of Delta Epsilon, Colorado, and an ex• on this Association's salaries committee. Commerce. ecutive officer of the Home and School In addition, he is a member of the Association in Rivers. Knights of Columbus. Peter Tbiessen, principal of Pinawa Ele• Walter Nowosad, principal of Norberry mentary School, holds B.A. and B.Ed, Junior High School, St. Vital, has B.A. Donald W. C. Rowan, supervisory prin• degrees and has completed considerable and B.Ed, degrees. Since 1937, he has cipal of Tuxedo Schools, holds B.A., study for his Master's degree. During his taught in Saskatchewan and Manitoba B.Paed., and B.Ed, degrees and has com• eight years of teaching, he has taught in schools, including Goose Lake Collegiate, pleted the work required for an M.A. several communities, including Gretna Roblin, and Glenlawn Collegiate, St. degree, except for the writing of a thesis. and Charleswood. He has served in a Vital. Prior to accepting his present post Since 1948, he has taught in a number of number of executive offices of the in 1957, he was principal of Varennes schools in Manitoba and Ontario, in• Gretna-Altona Local Association and As• School, St. Vital. For over ten years, he cluding the Hapnot School, Flin Flon, siniboine South Division Association and has participated in the Society's work the Brickbum Collegiate, Gilbert Plains, as president of the Assiniboine South and has served on the negotiating com• and Trinity College School, Port Hope, Division Association. During the past mittee and as president of the St. Vital Ontario. Prior to his arrival in Tuxedo, year, he has taken an active part in cur• Division Association. From 1961 to 1962, he was active in local and division asso• riculum planning of the Agassiz Divi• he was president of the Red River Valley ciations. Since then, he has been presi• sion Association. He has also been on Teachers' Association. dent of the Assiniboine South Division the executives of the Manitoba Educa• Association and served on a number of tors' Association and other organizations, William M. Paziuk, principal of Ethel• provincial committees, including the Cur• has served on the Manitoba Examination bert Collegiate, has a Bachelor of Com• riculum Committee. He was chairman Board, and was chairman of the Grade merce degree. Prior to entering the of sub-committees studying the English XI marking committee for two years. In teaching profession in 1960, he spent curriculum and programmed instruction. addition, he is a member of the English five years in the Canadian Armed Forces During 1964-1965, he chaired the Ideals Teachers' Association and the Manitoba and from 1950 to 1960 was employed and Practice Committee and was a mem• Historical Society. as Secretary-Treasurer of the Rural ber of the special committee charged Municipality of Ethelbert and the Village with the writing of the Society's brief on Arthur G. Toews, vice-principal of Mor- of Ethelbert. During this period, he was the revision of the elementary curricu• den Collegiate, holds a B.A. and has elected trustee and served for two years lum. He also served on the Provincial completed four courses toward a B.Ed, as vice-chairman and chairman of the Executive for several months after he degree. Following nine years of teaching finance committee of the Duck Moun• was appointed to replace Cam Council, in rural schools near Altona, he taught tain School Division Board. His Society who resigned in the winter of 1964. for six years at Rosenfeld High School, work includes the chairmanship of the and is now in his third year at Morden resolutions and curriculum committees of Mrs. Emma E. H. Russell, kindergarten Collegiate. He has been chairman of the the Duck Mountain Division Association teacher at Kelsey Primary School, The Western Division Association's negotiat• and membership in the provincial Educa• Pas, studied for a year at Camrose Nor• ing committee, has served on other local tional Finance and Administration Com• mal School, Alberta. She had been a and division association committees, is a mittee. In addition to his duties as prin• teacher and principal in Alberta schools past president of the Rhineland Division cipal, Mr. Paziuk is now Secretary- for about seven years when she came to Association and the Rhineland-Stanley Treasurer of the Village of Ethelbert and Manitoba in 1954. For five years, she Teachers' Association, and president of the Consolidated School District of served on the salaries committee of the the Western Division Association. Ethelbert, Clerk of the County Court of Kelsey Division Association and also Ethelbert, and auditor for approximately held executive offices, including the Elbert A. Toews, teacher at Steinbach 30 rural schools in the Ethelbert and presidency of this Association. At the Collegiate, has B.A. and B.Ed, degrees Pine River areas. provincial level, Mrs. Russell was a mem• and is working toward an M.Ed. He be• ber of the Leadership Committee con• gan teaching in a one-room rural school Mrs. Evelyn C. Pearce, teacher at West- cerned with the organization of the So• at Arondale in 1953, has taught at wood Collegiate, Kirkfield Park, holds ciety's Clear Lake seminars, and of the Montezuma and Goodwill, and has been B.A. and B.Ed, degrees and taught for Scholarship Committee. She has further in Steinbach since 1963. He has been a two years in Saskatchewan before com• assisted in providing leadership in girl member of the Hanover Division Asso• ing to Manitoba in 1960. Since 1963 she guides' groups, has taught English to ciation for eight years during which time has been secretary-treasurer of the As- immigrants and French Canadians, and he has been secretary, salaries commit• siniboine North Division Association and is interested in the education of slow- tee chairman, salaries coordinator, and a during the past year served on the pro• learners. member of negotiating teams. During the

18 The Manitoba Teacher past year, he was on the provincial the provincial Ideals and Practice Com• Salaries Committee. mittee. He was instrumental in the founding of the Flying Club and Toast- Don C. Tole, teacher at Portage Col• masters' Club in Steinbach, is a member legiate Institute, Portage la Prairie, holds of the Winnipeg Flying Club, and is in• B.A. and B.Ed, degrees. He has been on terested in photography, amateur radio, the staff of the collegiate ever since he and drama. began teaching about six years ago. Your Society Locally, he has been chairman of the Michael P. Yakimisbyn, principal of resolutions committee, has served on the Inglis Collegiate, holds B.Sc. and B.Ed, negotiating committee and has been vice- degrees and has taught during the past president and president of the Portage la five years at collegiates in Rivers, Roblin Prairie Division Association. At the pro• Offers and East Kildonan. He has been an vincial level, he was a member and active member of local and division asso• chairman of the French sub-committee ciations, was salaries chairman of the and a member of the Leadership Com• Intermountain Division Association and is mittee, attending two Clear Lake semi• Scholarships now a salaries negotiator and secretary- nars. From 1963 to 1964, he was vice- treasurer for the Pelly Trail Division president of the Manitoba Modem Lan• Association. Prior to 1960, Mr. Yakimi• guage Association and a year later served sbyn worked as a geologist in Alberta as president of the Portage convention and the Yukon and was president of the committee. Furthermore, Mr. Tole is a International Relations Club of Brandon member of the Department of Educa• College. He is a member of the National Teachers planning to un• tion's committee working on the revision Council of Teachers of Mathematics and of the French curriculum of the Univer• dertake graduate or post• Brandon College Alumni. sity Entrance Course. graduate studies in educa• Norman S. Toms, principal of Virden Nicholas Yarish, teacher at Brandon Col• tion or under-graduate legiate, has B.A. and B.Ed, degrees. Collegiate, has B.A. and B.Ed, degrees work for an initial degree and 13 years teaching experience. He After teaching for about four years in has taught at Pierson and The Pas as several schools, he became the vice-prin• are reminded of the cipal of Swan River School. Two years well as in other areas. He has assisted scholarships offered by in the work of the Melita Local Asso• later, he went to a one-room high school ciation, has served as secretary of the at Pierson where he stayed till his ap• the Society. One $1,000 pointment as principal of the high school Antler River Division Association and as scholarship for graduate or vice-president of the Kelsey Division As-i at Erickson. He served as such for three sociation, and is curriculum consultant years and then moved to Brandon in 1959 post - graduate study and He took part in committee work of local for the Antler River and Fort la Bosse two $500 scholarships for Division Associations. and division associations, is a past presi• dent of the Erickson Local Association and graduate study are avail• president of the Brandon Division Asso• Leonard G. Tyerman, principal of the able. elementary school at Plumas, received his ciation, and also served on the provincial teacher training at Manitoba Teachers Salaries Committee. In addition, Mr. College. For two years, he taught at Yarrish has been on the executive of the In addition, the Society Royal Oak and Killarney and moved to Western Manitoba Teachers' Credit Plumas about 12 years ago. He was presi• Union Society since its inception in 1962 will again offer two $500 and has participated in such organiza• dent of the Westboume Local Association scholarships to student in 1961-1962, acted as salaries nego• tions as the Manitoba Modem Language tiator for two years, and is now chair• Association and the Lions Club. teachers taking Faculty of man of the negotiation committee of the Education courses. Pine Creek Division Association. He is Orest Ziolkoski, principal of Roblin Col• a charter member of the Plumas Lions legiate, received his teacher training at Club, president of a sports committee, Manitoba Teachers College and has The deadline for receipt of completed third-year Arts courses at the and has 12 years experience as scout applications is June 15, leader. University of Manitoba. He has taught for about 12 years, including three years 1965. Further information David Voth, teacher at Steinbach Col• as principal at Pine River and three years and application forms may legiate, has B.A. and B.Ed, degrees. He as principal at Roblin. An active partici• taught for seven years in elementary pant in the work of local and division be obtained from The schools at Greenland South and Ekron as associations, Mr. Ziolkoski has served on well as teaching at Gmnthal Collegiate local negotiating committees and has Manitoba Teachers' Soci• for another two years. He came to Stein• been salaries chairman and coordinator, ety, 956 Portage Avenue, bach about five years ago. He has par• area consultant, and president of the ticipated in the activities of the Hanover Intermountain Division Association. He Winnipeg 10. Division Association since 1951 as presi• has acted as secretary of the Roblin dent, secretary-treasurer, and member of Community Centre and as president of public relations and negotiation commit• the Gilbert Plains Home and School tees. In 1964, he became a member of Association. »

March-April, 1965 19 tion of those who cheat are caught; the recommendation mark of the (b) low levels of cheating are found principal and teacher; in English and in colleges with a small student body Frangais, that the 25 per cent pre• and low faculty-student ratio; and (c) and dtendff viously referred to be based upon the \/UVP6 the causes of college cheating can be candidate's proficiency in writing, as traced partially to the students' high indicated by essays he has written school experiences. during the years; that all question as observed hy LIONEL ORLIKOW Y Y Y pages be relatively shorter, having more options; that more non-essay The science laboratory at the Uni• type questions, up to a limit of 30 versity of Louisville is linked with per cent, be included. computers. Students will be able to Y Y Y signal measurements to a computer for immediate calculation. The Headmaster of Eton recently Y Y Y commented, "We have about the same number of spoilt boys as other schools. The lack of someone to confide in The National Union of Students, But our spoilt boys are often much appears to be a major factor in sui• France's largest student organization, richer." cides by children, concludes Boyd E. has asked the state to provide salaries Y Y Y Nelson, the director of special educa• for all persons engaged in regular tion services of the New Jersey State university studies. The Union believes Dr. Kenneth Zuke, head of the Department. The child has no close that the student should receive a pediatrics department of a hospital in friends from whom to obtain psycho• salary because "his studies constitute Los Angeles, says that at least half logical support. Early signs of distress an apprenticeship of the country's the children referred to the neurologi• are excessive withdrawal and exces• social and economic life" and, thus, cal clinic with learning problems are sive overt expression of aggression. the student work represents an invest• the victims of pressure to do a task Y Y Y ment by the nation. The salary is they have not the maturity to do. intended to replace all other forms of Y Y Y Throughout the nineteenth century, aid. Ontario provided by statute separate Y Y Y Some attempts are being made to schools for Negroes. promote correlation among broader A six-year study has found that Y Y Y concepts of science. Toronto has been individual counselling of potentially experimenting with drawing elements A conference on the Consultation delinquent high school girls is in• from physics, chemistry, and biology. on Children and Television, sponsored effective in improving their school Impetus for the unified science pro• by the National Council of Churches, behaviour or in reducing the number gram stems from recent developments urged local cooperation between of drop-outs. The investigators con• which are making boundaries between public school and religious groups to cluded that persons suffering from the sciences more nebulous. improve the quality of television for poverty, discrimination, and a dis• Y Y Y pre-school children. Dr. Lester Beck organized family life could not be declared at the Toronto meeting that expected to respond to individual The Beatles' visit to the United in general "the pre-school child has a therapy with any major character States has had unforeseen cultural television diet of crazy animated car• changes. The study involved four hun• effects. The Minneapolis Symphony toons, violent adventure stuff, and dred 14-year-oId girls who entered a obtained everything the singers used huckstering commercials" which only Manhattan central vocational high or touched in a visit. Bed sheets, for have value in relieving "the sheer school eight years ago. The girls were example, were torn into strips and dreariness and boredom of waiting divided into control and experimental sold piece by piece. A representative until he is old enough to go to school." groups—the latter receiving from 17 of the symphony foresees a budget A contrary statement on the impact to 100 individual and group contacts surplus this year. of television on children's values was with a social worker. At the end, no Y Y Y offered by Dr. F. R. Rainsberry, CBC statistically significant differences in supervisor of school broadcasts. He their grades, truancy, tardiness, preg• The librarian of the University of suggested that television has become nancy, or performance on psychologi• British Golumbia, Basil Stuart-Gibbs, a scapegoat for a double-standard cal tests were registered. looks to a computer. The computer society and that rising juvenile delin• can tell the student where a book is, Y Y Y quency has more fundamental roots. indicate other books on the subject, and whether a book is on the shelves Y Y Y The Grade XIII Study Gommittee in Ontario has recommended for or on loan, including the date when A recent survey on college cheating the 1965 departmental examinations it is due to be back. Such a step is across the United States has con• among other things that 25 per cent necessary due to the rapid extension cluded that (a) only a small propor• of the final mark be assigned upon of materials. »

20 The Manitoha Teacher guage. The report made special note of the unanimous conclusion of a The Canadian Crisis Winnipeg discussion group: "Wher• by HOWARD J. LOEWEN ever there is a large enough com• munity of French Canadians, that the Hits the Schools teaching in French he permitted as well as the teaching of French in all schools." According to the Commissioners, many French-speaking Canadians in• sisted on the need to establish French T IS ALMOST two years since the The preliminary report may change teacher training institutions in the I federal cabinet established a royal all this. The role of the school in Maritimes, Ontario, and the prairie commission to "inquire into and report this crisis receives more attention in provinces to train teachers for the upon the existing state of bilingualism the report than any other single French-speaking areas and to provide and biculturalism in Canada and to private or public institution. The re• a supply of French language teachers. recommend what steps should be port discusses in specific terms several The report notes that there is a taken to develop the Canadian Con• basic changes in the educational bilingual normal school in New Bruns• federation on the basis of an equal systems of the English-speaking prov• wick hut that it is not an acceptahle partnership between the two found• inces that would be necessary if the solution for many French-speaking ing races." dissatisfaction expressed by the French people in the province. During the intervening period minority in those provinces were to numerous conferences and meetings be met. N THE final chapter of the report, have been held in every sector of the I the Commissioners state that Can• country in an effort to seek out the HE SEVEREST criticism was directed ada is in its most critical period of sources of irritation that are provoking Tat the teaching of the second its history since Confederation and the present crisis in Canadian unity language, whether it be English or that the time has come when decisions and to find solutions to the dilemma French, in Canada. The report states must he taken and developments must posed by duality. It is an assessment that in all parts of Canada people occur leading either to its break-up of these discussions that makes up deplored the lack of qualified staff or to a new set of conditions for its the bulk of the recently published who could teach the second language future existence. They state that ad• preliminary report. competently in the schools and sug• justments and accommodations are There is ample evidence that teach• gests that French-speaking teachers now being made that have met certain ers have played a very active role should be teaching French and Eng• of Quebec's particular demands; hut in these discussions as individuals. lish-speaking teachers should be these do not go far enough to remove There is also ample evidence that teaching English. the roots of the problem and there is the teaching profession acting through The report also notes that there overwhelming evidence of serious its formal channels of collective ex• was a feeling in many quarters that danger to the continued existence of pression has made very little, if any, better techniques for second language Canada. contribution to these discussions. teaching are badly needed and that In conclusion, they state that un• No teacher organization in Canada, there was almost perfect unanimity less there are major changes, the including the Canadian Teachers' that second language teaching in Can• situation will worsen with time and Federation, has a committee investi• ada was a dismal failure. that it could worsen much more gating this subject although the terms In the opinion of the Commission• quickly than many think. "There are of reference specifically ask the Com• ers, most Canadians recognize the hopeful signs; there are great pos• missioners to examine the educational necessity of teaching the second lan• sibilities for Canada. But we are con• opportunities available to Canadians guage in school hut their approach vinced at the present time that the to learn the English and French lan• varies greatly. Many English-speak• perils must he faced." guages. There are no indications that ing Canadians think the second lan• While the interim report makes no the teacher organizations will be mak• guage should begin in Grade I. In recommendations—these will come in ing representation to the Commission Quebec, on the other hand, many the final report ahout 18 months from when its formal hearings begin next French-speaking Canadians thought now—there is ample evidence in the year. In Manitoba, the Society's in• that the second language, in their report to indicate that in the eyes volvement has been limited to the case English, should he taught only of the Commission our educational role of keeping a watching brief on after the student had a fiiTn grasp institutions will play a key role in the proceedings and to determining of his own language. developing a true partnership between the number of practising teachers in Many French-speaking Canadians the two founding peoples and remov• the province who are qualified to insist on the right of the French min• ing the sources of irritation that teach French. orities to he taught in their own lan• threaten our existence as a nation. »

March-April, 1965 21 Commencing September 1965, the training of teachers at the elementary level will be an integral part of institu• tions of higher education in Manitoba. For the past ten years, a one-year program of training teachers for the elementary school following the completion of Grade XII has been Learning How To Teach in a CoUeg available at Tuxedo and at Brandon College. The Faculty of Education of Brandon College, while continuing the one-year teacher training beyond by W. W. MCCUTCHEON Grade XII, wishes to do everything to encourage an increasing numher of students to train in terms of two years beyond Grade XII. Its experience has heen that those students who complete a year of degree courses and then proceed to professional training are the strongest and most promising prospective teachers. Such a philosophy subscribes to and S TEACHERS College in Tuxedo graduates of the teacher training advocates a policy similar to that A prepares to close its doors to make course have, after a few years of of The Manitoba Teachers' Society: way for the opening of teacher-train• teaching, returned to Brandon College at least two years of training for ing courses at the University of Mani• to continue their academic training, elementary school teachers beyond toba this fall, it might interest the and with a clearer couceptiou of what Grade XII — one year academic and reader to learn just how a similar courses it would he most worthwhile the other professional. The Faculty program has been progressing at for a teacher to take. hopes that members of the Society, an affiliated college, Brandon College. The proximity of other faculties has especially presidents of division Here the first decade of such training heen a distinct advantage in many will be marked with a graduating class associations, will he willing to help other ways. Some student teachers three times as large as that of 1955. in promoting this standard of have furthered their education hy tak• As one looks back, he is likely to re• preparation for prospective teachers ing extra courses in the School of flect on the advantages of taking such Music; and all have had the oppor• in Manitoha hy encouraging their training in a university setting, even tunity of joining the Glee Club, shar• colleagues to counsel students when the college in question has been ing the concerts and recitals, and interested in teaching to think in in the throes of rapid expansion. attending the courses in music re• terms of a year's academic training From the beginning it became ob• quired as part of their training. The prior to their professional work. vious that student teachers through Department of Fine Arts has provided Higher standards ought to increase association with students in other extensive theoretical and practical in• both the numher and the quality of faculties did develop into young struction in the various techniques of candidates for teaching. In addition, teachers who not only realized that art and art education. In addition, the the incentives are worthwhile, not their work was important hut also Faculty of Arts and Science has given only in terms of better salaries for acknowledged their inadequacies. As freely of its services whenever the beginning teachers but also in terms one graduate has put it, "Through this occasion presented itself. of having completed the academic contact, I realized how little one Various other facilities on the Col• requirements for permanent really knows with a Grade XII stand• lege grounds have helped student certification. Further government ing and how much more one could teachers to prepare themselves better loans make it possible for students learn hy continuing academic courses. for their work. One of these has been who lack funds to embark upon such If it [teacher-training] had been the library, which now has over a program. taken where one was not subject to 50,000 holdings, including extensive Those interested in obtaining further this extra learning, I probably would holdings in educational journals. information are invited to contact have complacently received my teach• Modern residence and dining-room Dr. W. W. McCutcheon, Dean of er's certificate and would have been accommodation has afforded student the Faculty of Education, Brandon satisfied at that point." teachers a wonderful opportunity to College, Brandon, the author of It is through such an enlightened become acquainted with students of the accompanying article. attitude that increasing numbers of other faculties and to exchange varj'-

22 The Manitoba Teacher Like in any other teacher ing points of view. It has been said training institution, student that such contacts have been more re• teachers at Brandon College sponsible for personal development than lecture halls have been! Many, are given the opportunity too, have been given the opportunity to learn ahout many areas in of joining in College debating, 'literary which they may soon he night', and newspaper publication; teaching. Above: at work in many have participated most actively the art class. At right: taking in the athletic program of the College, including extra-mural week-end com• part in music. Below: keeping petitions both within and outside the fit is one of the aims of the province. Such opportunities must in• physical education program. deed help to broaden horizons. Other benefits have accrued indi• rectly from the academic standards that the College expects of all its per• sonnel. The teaching staff in the Fac• ulty of Education is expected to have attained at least a master's degree and preferably have done some work towards a doctor's degree. All are expected to have had some experience of teaching in the public schools; all are expected to keep abreast of the latest developments in curriculum re• visions and teaching methods; each is encouraged to do research pertinent to his field. The College has likewise endeavoured to maintain a favourable ratio of staff to students, generally one instructor to 15 students. These considerations it might he observed, reflect the recommendations for teacher-training institutions set forth in the report of the Manitoha Royal Commission on Education in 1959.

March-April, 1965 Two of the most important parts of the College's teacher training course are carried on through facilities pro• vided by institutions other than the College itself. These are the demon• stration school and the practice teach• ing program. Once a week for six to eight weeks in the fall, the student !rf: teachers go to Earl Oxford Elementary School to observe the demonstration teachers at work in their classrooms. At the end of the teaching period, the observers have the privilege of Student teachers asking questions and participating in changing classes discussions with the demonstration at Brandon College, teachers regarding the techniques of the lesson. In this way, they learn the need for the proper preparation of a lesson. In this way, too, the student teach• ers have heen largely prepared for the task of practice teaching. In this latter activity, scores of teachers in western Manitoha have heen involved at one time or another, and the College has nothing hut praise for their enthusi• asm and initiative. Many students have recalled with gratitude the help, the encouragement, and the personal interest shown them. Indeed, many students who immediately upon gradu• ation or some years later joined the staff of some of these schools have found themselves among friends made during practice teaching days. Practice teaching The Manitoha Teachers' Society has by a student of also contributed to the training of Brandon College. student teachers, though this, of course, has not heen an advantage to Brandon College students only. From the beginning the Brandon Division Association of The Manitoha Teachers' Society has taken a fraternal interest in the student teachers at Brandon College. The Association has invited students to take part in workshops dealing with Cuisenaire methods in arithmetic, modern mathematics, public relations, curriculum develop• ment, and similar topics. In this way, students have heen further encouraged to keep pace with the educational world as it concerns classroom teach• ers. Thus there are many advantages to he gained from teacher training in a college atmosphere. May the next In the foyer of the decade of teacher training at Brandon Women's Residence College he as challenging and for• at Brandon College. ward-looking as the last. »

The Manitoba Teacher Building WHEREAS music education throughout the province would greatly benefit by the Fort Garry Division 5 Delegates at the Society's 46th support, encouragement, and inspiration WHEREAS few teachers are qualified to Annual General Meeting will which a provincial director could supply; comment or make any suggestions regard• spend much of their time con• Be It Resolved that The Manitoba ing the purchase of land by The Mani• Teachers' Society request the Minister of toba Teachers' Society; and sidering resolutions suhmitted Education to appoint a provincial Super• WHEREAS few teachers are in a position hy the Provincial Executive and visor of Music. to make accurate projections regarding the division and local associa• Provincial Executive future building requirements of The Manitoba Teachers' Society; and tions of the Society. The resolu• WHEREAS the present senior high school WHEREAS the new location appears un• tions appearing in this issue are music course is not accepted by the University of Manitoba as sufficient pre• desirable in both cost and location; those received at press time. Be It Resolved that The Manitoba requisite for entrance to music courses; Teachers' Society obtain professional and assistance regarding the purchase of land WHEREAS students wishing to enter music and future building requirements of the courses at the University must satisfy the Society; and theory prerequisites by taking private tuition; and Be It Further Resolved that The Mani• WHEREAS the planning of summer school WHEREAS most senior high school music toba Teachers' Society consider the ad• music courses, arranging of music work• teachers are now qualified to teach the visability of renting building space until shops, and establishing contact with theory required; such time that future needs can be more music teachers throughout the province accurately predicted. has been dependent upon voluntary Be It Resolved that The Manitoba leadership; and Teachers' Society request the Minister of Education to consider the setting up WHEREAS many teachers throughout the Curriculum and authorizing of a senior high school province need up-to-date information and music course which will satisfy Univer• Provincial Executive advice concerning suitable supplementary sity requirements for entrance to music WHEREAS contact between music edu• music books, record libraries, films and courses. cators and teachers in different parts of filmstrips, musical instruments; and the province is very limited; and WHEREAS a closer liaison is desirable Provincial Executive WHEREAS revision of the music curricu• between the two teacher training col• WHEREAS the University of Manitoba lum has been spasmodic and requires leges and the music education programme does not accept biology as an entrance more specialized leadership; and offered at Brandon School of Music; and subject into the Faculty of Science; and

March-April, 1965 25 WHEREAS many students with biology instead of physics could readily pursue Send coupon below for these free a career in the biological sciences; and WHEREAS many students who have not been introduced to biology in high school do not select biology as a major in LIFE INSURANCE TEACHING AIDS science; and WHEREAS the prestige of biology as a — you will find them most helpful science in Manitoba has suffered as a result of this anomaly; and WHEREAS if the new Biology 200 and Here is information that will be oi liie-long value to your pupils! Each of these 300 were sequential, a more scientific teaching aids is prepared in interesting, easy-to-follow form. Their usefulness both approach could be used in this subject; to teacher and pupils has been demonstrated in many Canadian schools. Check the following list: Be It Resolved that The Manitoba Teachers' Society request the Minister of BOOKLETS Education to make the new Biology 200 Life Insurance —A Canadian Handbook (1964 Edition) — Available in both English and French. An 80-page illustrated booklet. Outlines the fundamentals of life a prerequisite; and Insurance. Answers numerous questions which are frequently asked by teachers, Be It Further Resolved that The Mani• students and the public generally. One copy free to any teacher. The Story ot Lite Insurance —A 20-page illustrated booklet telling the history of toba Teachers' Society request the Min• and important facts about life insurance in simple terms. Available for useful ister of Education to make the new distribution in quantity, free. Biology 200 and 300 sequential. Problems In Life Insurance — A teacher-student workbook unit of value for Busi• ness Practice and Mathematics classes. One complete unit free to a teacher; student Provincial Executive portion available free In quantity. Careers in Lite Insurance — Available in both English and French. A 24-page illus• WHEREAS a second language is not being trated booklet. Discusses many careers in the life insurance business as a life-time offered in all schools at Grade VII and occupation. Available for useful distribution in quantity, free. VIII levels; and Should You Seek a Career as an Actuary? — Informative 8-page booklet prepared by the Canadian Association of Actuaries for students, parents and teachers. Outlines WHEREAS at the Grade XI and XII levels career opportunities as an actuary and education required. In English and French. a second language has great significance Available for useful distribution in quantity, free. since it is an important determining A Miss and Her Money — informal and readable 20-page illustrated booklet for teen• age girls. Offers useful tips on earning, budgeting and saving money. Available factor in university entrance; and for useful distribution in quantity, free. WHEREAS the many students who are not Money in Your Pocket —For teenage boys —a bright entertaining 20-page illus• offered a second language at Grade VII trated booklet dealing with simple fundamentals of money management and life insurance. Available for useful distribution in quantity, free. and VIII levels face unfair hardship; The Family Money Manager —An 8-page brochure prepared to assist families in Be It Resolved that The Manitoha solving money management problems. Useful for classroom discussions on budgeting. Teachers' Society urge the Minister of Available for useful distribution in quantity, free. Education to require that a second lan• You and Your Family's Life Insurance — A 28-page booklet describing how life insurance helps individuals and young families build a security program for their guage be made available to all students entire lives. Available for useful distribution in quantity, free. in Grades VII and VIII. FILM STRIPS Careers in Canadian Life Insurance Underwriting — (Revised 1962) Black and white. Provincial Executive Available in both English and French. A 47-frame film strip on the career of the WHEREAS in the University Entrance life underwriter, for use in guidance classes. One print and one teaching manual free to each school. Gourse Ukrainian is included and taught The Life Insurance Story—Part I — (Revised 1963) Black and white. Available In from Grades IX to XII and later at the both English and French. Reveals interesting facts through the highly effective University of Manitoba, but at the Grade film-strip medium. One 36-frame print and one teaching manual free to each school. The Life Insurance Story—Part II —(Revised 1963) Black and white. Available in XII level is not accepted by the Univer• both English and French. This film strip deals with the various classes of life sity for university entrance; and insurance, the calculation of premium rates, types of policies and their uses, etc. One 42-frame print and one teaching manual free to each school. WHEREAS Ukrainian is accepted for uni• The Life Insurance Story—Part III —(Revised 1963) Black and white. Available versity entrance by other Ganadian uni• in both English and French. Deals with the different kinds of life insurance com• versities; panies, their operations and the foreign business of Canadian companies. One 31-frame print and one teaching manual free to each school. Be It Resolved that The Manitoha You and Your Food — Color. Available in both English and French. Valuable in• Teachers' Society recommend strongly to struction on what to eat to be healthy. Deals with proper foods, nutrition and the University of Manitoba that Grade energy. One 28-frame print and one teaching manual free to each school. XII Ukrainian be accepted by the Uni• To obtain any of these FREE teaching aids, simply tear out this advertisement, versity of Manitoba for university of en• indicate items desired, marking quantity needed for each, and fill in the informa• trance requirements; and tion requested below (please print). Be It Further Resolved that The Mani• toba Teachers' Society recommend strong• Name oi teacher ordering ly to the University of Manitoba that Grades and Subjects taught the University accept Ukrainian at the university level on a par with French, Name oi Principal Name oi School German, and other modern languages. Address oi School — ..Enrolment oi School Provincial Executive Send your order io: Educational Division WHEREAS the earliest possible introduc• The Canadian Lite Insurance Officers Association tion of BSGS Biology in the University 302 Bay Street Entrance Gourse throughout Manitoha Toronto 1, Ontario is deemed desirable; and WHEREAS it is recommended that teach-

26 The Manitoba Teacher WHEREAS students taking Ukrainian must necessary steps to conduct a campaign St. Vital Division 6 also take French, German or Latin in to achieve the original objective of WHEREAS many teachers are unable to order to fulfill the entrance requirements $25,000.00. reach the Department of Education of the University of Manitoba; library before closing time; Be It Resolved that The Manitoba Be It Resolved that The Manitoba Teachers' Society request the University Finance Teachers' Society request the Department of Manitoba to accept Ukrainian as ful• of Education to change its library hours fillment of the foreign language require• St. Vital Division 6 so that its library facilities are more ment in Grade XII. WHEREAS the affairs of the Society should readily available to all teachers. Dauphin-Ochre Division 33 be handled by a full-time president Seven Oaks Division 10 representing the teachers; and WHEREAS the revision of courses in the WHEREAS the present method in which WHEREAS one of the functions of the Manitoba school curriculum often neces• the president attempts to carry on a senior staff officers is to give leadership sitates the re-training of teachers of those full-time job as well as the presidency and direction; and courses; does not permit him to fulfill either WHEREAS the members are given to Be It Resolved that The Manitoba responsibility adequately; understand that advice is always avail• Teachers' Society request the Minister of Be It Resolved that the president be able; Education to make provision for under• required to take a year's leave of ab• Be It Resolved that the Provincial Ex• writing the costs involved in teacher re• sence from his teaching position and ecutive be instructed to ensure that one training programs necessitated by revision devote his full time to the affairs of of the senior staff officers be available of courses in the Manitoba school cur• The Manitoba Teachers' Society; and at all times; and riculum. Be It Further Resolved that the presi• Be It Further Resolved that no more Dauphin-Ochre Division 33 dent receive a salary equivalent to that than two senior staff officers be sent to any one meeting or conference. WHEREAS the present regulations con• of his former teaching position, plus a cerning the University Entrance Gourse travelling allowance which will permit Evergreen Division 22 permit any student to undertake the him to travel throughout the province WHEREAS the present legislation pro• course; and visiting the division associations. hibits school boards from hiring imme• WHEREAS the University Entrance Gourse diate relatives of trustees as teachers in has been designed especially for students schools under their jurisdiction; and who seek admission to university; Ideals and Practice WHEREAS this legislation was formulated Be It Resolved that the Manitoba prior to the establishment of larger school Teachers' Society request the Minister Fort Garry Division 5 divisions with larger boards who employ of Education to set a Grade IX average WHEREAS vacancies on the Provincial a full-time secretary-treasurer; and of 75 per cent as the minimum pre• Executive and Gommittees of the Execu• WHEREAS a secretary-treasurer employed requisite for students who desire to enter tive are filled on recommendation and by a school board usually has a rather the University Entrance Gourse. personal knowledge of present members; large influence upon the decisions made and by the board, including decisions affect• WHEREAS this precludes opportunity for ing the hiring and firing of teachers; Educational ABsistance other conscientious teachers to offer Be It Resolved that The Manitoba service; Teachers' Society request the Minister of Provincial Executive Be It Resolved that in future vacancies Education to enact legislation which WHEREAS the objective set for the Edu• on the Provincial Executive and its Gom• would prohibit school boards from hiring cational Assistance Fund has not been mittees be filled by the Provincial as teachers the immediate relatives of achieved in the first three years; Executive only after applications have the secretary-treasurer in their employ. Be It Resolved that the Provincial been called for through The Manitoba Executive be instructed to take the Teachers' Society media. Division Associations Nos. 27, 43, 44 WHEREAS pertinent information with re• gard to all students throughout their school life is a necessity in order to give proper guidance; and WHEREAS it is not legally required for PROVINCE OF MANITOBA the school to keep a cumulative record; and SCHOOL INSPECTORS WHEREAS the present systems of record• lequiied for Department of Education ing such information are not adequate; Inspectors perform responsible professional work involving the promotion and develop• Be It Resolved that The Manitoba ment of the latest approved educational techniques and methods, including the critical Teachers' Society request the Department examination of teaching standards and procedures. Duties to commence August 16, 1965. QuoJi/icotions: University graduate, collegiate and principal's certificate for the Province of Education to design and develop a of Manitoba and a minimum of seven years' responsible experience in the field of suitable student cumulative record folder education. with adequate space for notations; and Salary: $10,200 - $12,000 per annum. Be It Further^ Resolved that The Mani• This competition closes April 10, 1965. Interviews will be arranged after April 10, 1965. Full Civil Service benefits, including annual vocation with pay, liberal sick leave, toba Teachers' Society request the De• pension and group insurance privileges. partment of Education to formulate Apply to: regulations requiring every school to set MANITOBA CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION up a student cumulative record folder Room 334 Legislative Building Winnipeg 1 — Manitoba for each child in the school and to main• tain this record throughout his school

28 The Manitoba Teacher life and that this record travel with the sultant to the Clear Lake Leadership meet the present requirement of Section student on his movement from school to Seminar; 50 (2). school. Be It Resolved that The Manitoba Teachers' Society appoint Mr. Vernon Provincial Executive Trott an honorary member of the WHEREAS the provision of pension bene• fits for widows is becoming a basic fea• Membership Society. ture of an increasing number of pension Seven Oaks Division 10 plans; and Be It Resolved that The Manitoba Pensions WHEREAS there is a desire of most em• Teachers' Society continue to press for ployees for a greater degree of security Provincial Executive compulsory membership. for their wives; and WHEREAS the present private pension WHEREAS a widow has the moral right to plan for the staff of The Manitoba the reasonable continuation during her Teachers' Society is inadequate; and own lifetime of the standard of living Life and Honorary WHEREAS the teachers of Manitoba have in effect at the time of her husband's Memberships recently had their own pension plan im• death; proved; Be It Resolved that The Manitoba Provincial Executive Be It Resolved that The Manitoba Teachers' Society request the Minister of WHEREAS Section 7 of The Manitoba Teachers' Society take steps to institute Education to enact legislation to amend Teachers' Society Act provides that on a pension plan for its staff with benefits The Teachers' Pensions Plan to provide nomination of the Provincial Executive, comparable to those provided by The for widows' pensions. life membership in the Society may be Teachers' Pensions Act; and conferred upon any member by reso• Be It Further Resolved that the un• Provincial Executive lution of the Provincial Council; and funded liability of such a plan be WHEREAS it is reasonable to make a WHEREAS By-law 42 of The Manitoba amortized over a period of 35 years. similar provision for widowers as for Teachers' Society Act provides that life widows where the former are wholly membership shall be for long and out• Provincial Executive dependent or incapacitated; standing service to the Society and to WHEREAS under The Teachers' Pensions Be It Resolved that The Manitoba education generally; and Act, total and permanent disability is Teachers' Society request the Minister of WHEREAS Mr. G. B. Bowe, Miss Mar• defined as "disability to the extent of Education to enact legislation to amend garet Barbour, Miss Sigurbjorg Stefanson, wholly disabling a person from engaging The Teachers' Pensions Act to provide Mr. E. J. Jarvis, and Mr. H. V. Bell have in any gainful employment"; and for dependent widowers' pensions. given long and outstanding service to WHEREAS such a definition tends to com• education in Manitoba and to the Society; pel teachers to remain in the classroom Provincial Executive Be It Resolved that The Manitoba while suffering some disability; and WHEREAS Section 53 of The Teachers' Teachers' Society confer life membership WHEREAS this is not in the best interests Pensions Act makes provision only for upon Mr. G. B. Bowe, Miss Margaret of the educational system nor in the best persons becoming an employee within Barbour, Miss Sigurbjorg Stefanson, Mr. interests of the individual; the meaning of the Givil Service Super• E. J. Jarvis, and Mr. H. V. Bell. Be It Resolved that The Manitoba annuation Act; and Teachers' Society request the Minister of WHEREAS under the former Act there Provincial Executive Education to amend The Teachers' Pen• existed provision for pension benefits to WHEREAS Section 8 of The Manitoba sions Act so that total and permanent teachers transferring to the Faculties of Teachers' Society Act provides that any disability is defined as "incapacity to Education; and person may be appointed an honorary teach." WHEREAS a pension is an earned right by member of the Society by resolution of way of service rendered; and Provincial Council; and Provincial Executive WHEREAS one should not lose such pen• WHEREAS Mr. D. M. Graham, Director WHEREAS Section 50 (2) of The Teach• sion rights merely by virtue of chang• of the Village of Forest Hills Schools, ers' Pensions Act provide for periods of ing employment; and has rendered outstanding service to the war service to be counted as years of WHEREAS there is a trend elsewhere in teachers of Manitoba over the past four service as a teacher; and Ganada (as in the Ontario Portable years as consultant to the Clear Lake WHEREAS the provisions of this section Pensions Act) towards greater porta• Leadership Seminar; are necessarily restrictive to protect the bility of pensions; Be It Resolved that The Manitoba fund; and Be It Resolved that The Manitoba Teachers' Society appoint Mr. D. M. WHEREAS the restrictive nature of these Teachers' Society request the Minister of Graham an honorary member of the provisions, in individual cases, results in Education to enact legislation to provide Society. injustices; and for greater portability of pensions within WHEREAS it is desirable to remedy these the province. Provincial Executive injustices and, at the same time, preserve WHEREAS Section 8 of The Manitoba what otherwise appears to be good legis• Provincial Executive Teachers' Society Act provides that any lation; WHEREAS it is compulsory for a teacher person may be appointed an honorary Be It Resolved that The Manitoba to make contributions to the Teachers' member of the Society by resolution of Teachers' Society request the Minister Pensions Fund; and Provincial Gouncil; and of Education to enact legislation to amend WHEREAS the refunding with interest of WHEREAS Mr. Vernon Trott, Director of The Teachers' Pensions Act to provide teachers' contributions recognizes the Gounselling Services of the Village of that the Teachers' Retirement Allow• moral right of each teacher to receive Forest Hills Schools, has rendered out• ances Fund Board be given discretionary a benefit at least equal to the amount standing service to the teachers of Mani• power to credit war service of teachers that he has invested in the Fund; and toba over the past four years as a con• who because of a technicality do not WHEREAS if a teacher subsequently with-

March-April, 1965 29 PLAN A PROGRAM ON COLD PREVENTION

with the delightful film ''HOW TO CATCH A COLD" BY WALT DISNEY PRODUCTIONS 10 min. 16 mm. Animated. Sound and Colour FREE on short-term loan

Children enjoy learning good health habits the "Common Sense" way. This sprightly cartoon character helps you teach the seriousness of colds, and how to avoid them. Complete program from the makers of Kleenex KLEENEX is a tissues includes: Film, cold prevention posters, and individual health trademark of Kimberly-Clark of pledges (for grades 2, 3, and 4). Schedule your showing soon! Canada Limited

Educational Department MT-654 Klmberly-Clarll of Canada Limited, 2 Carlton Street, Toronto 2. Ont. NAME Please send me free [except for return postage) the 16 mm. sound and (please print) colour film "How to Catch a Cold"

Day wanted (allow 2 weeks) SCHOOL GRADE

2nd choice (allow 3 weeks) STREET In addition, please send:

copies of Health Pledge for Grades 2, 3, and 4 CITY OR TOWN ZONE . .PROV sets ot posters {large schools may require more than one) NOTE: Material will be sent to teachers and authorized personnel only

30 The Manitoba Teacher draws from teaching before becoming (1) for a teacher to make additional con• eligible for a pension, the teacher pres• tributions for pension purposes; ently receives only a refund of his con• Be It Resolved that The Manitoba tributions without interest; and Teachers' Society request the Minister of WHEREAS a teacher has a moral right Education to enact legislation to amend to the amount invested into the Fund The Teachers' Pensions Act to provide by way of principal and interest; and for broader reinstatement for service out• WHEREAS a reasonable deduction should side of the province or in private schools, tween pension accumulation and fluctu• be made to cover the cost of adminis• provided that the teacher pays into the ating living costs during the final years tration of the Pensions Fund; Fund an amount equal to the employee's immediately prior to retirement; and Be It Resolved that The Manitoba and employer's contributions with in• WHEREAS the main advantage of a final Teachers' Society request the Minister of terest for such years of service. earnings formula is the more realistic Education to enact legislation to amend Provincial Executive relationship of retirement income to The Teachers' Pensions Act to provide salaries in effect at or close to retire• WHEREAS the five staff officers of The for a refund of contributions with in• ment; and Manitoba Teachers' Society all hold valid terest at three per cent compounded per WHEREAS the formula in effect in many teaching certificates; and annum upon the withdrawal of the of the pension plans for teachers in Can• WHEREAS all said staff officers were teacher from teaching. ada is one based on the "best five of the members of the Teachers' Retirement last ten years' service immediately prior Provincial Executive Allowances Fund or the Winnipeg Pen• to retirement"; sion Plan until joining the staff of the WHEREAS a pension is an earned right Society; and Be It Resolved that The Manitoba of the teacher by way of service; and Teachers' Society request the Minister of WHEREAS the said staff officers continue WHEREAS there are injustices to those Education to enact legislation to amend to render a service to education; and who lose years of service for pension The Teachers' Pensions Act to provide WHEREAS they are currently members of purposes by moving from one province a pension formula of two per cent of a private pension plan; and to another; and the average annual salary calculated on WHEREAS all other teacher pension plans WHEREAS the provision for portability of the best five of the final ten years of in Canada include the teachers' organ• pension rights is a natural development service prior to retirement times the izations' employees who hold valid teach• if education is viewed as a national serv• number of years of service to a maximum ing certificates; and ice; and of 35 years. WHEREAS the pension plan for the Mani• WHEREAS there are decided advantages toba Civil Servants includes the senior to having teaching service in more than Provincial Executive employees of their organization; one province; and Be It Resolved that The Manitoba WHEREAS Section 21 of the Teachers' WHEREAS there is no permissive pro• Teachers' Society continue to seek the Retirement Allowances Act as amended vision in The Teachers' Pensions Act for inclusion in the Teachers' Pensions Plan to 1960 allowed a teacher to qualify for the Teachers' Retirement Allowances of the Society's permanent staff officers a deferred pension at age 60 if, at age Fund Board to consider reciprocal pen• who hold valid teaching certificates. 55, he had completed 30 or more years sion arrangements; and of service (of which five had been in the WHEREAS the cost of providing such Provincial Executive five years preceding 55); and reciprocal pension arrangements does not WHEREAS Section 16 of The Teachers' WHEREAS the original intent of The appear to be large; Pensions Act provides that a teacher who Manitoba Teachers' Society was not to Be It Resolved that The Manitoba receives a retirement allowance and con• remove this right; and Teachers' Society request the Minister of tinues to teach must contribute to the WHEREAS Section 7(a) of The Teachers' Education to enact legislation to amend Fund; and Pensions Act (1963) provides a retire• The Teachers' Pensions Act to provide WHEREAS such teacher does not receive ment allowance for a "teacher who retires authority for the Teachers' Retirement benefit from these contributions either from employment as a teacher by ter• Allowances Fund Board to consider by way of credit for years of service or minating his contract of employment as reciprocal pension arrangements with inclusion of such years for purposes of a teacher after he has reached the age other provinces. computing his average annual salary over of 60 years and has completed 30 years the last 15 years; and of service as a teacher, at least 15 years Provincial Executive WHEREAS such teacher cannot obtain a of which were within the 20 years imme• WHEREAS there is no provision in the refund of said contributions; diately preceding his retirement"; and present Teachers' Pension Act for rein• Be It Resolved that The Manitoba WHEREAS the application of Section 7(a) statement for years of service outside Teachers' Society request the Minister of of The Teachers' Pensions Act (1963) of the province of Manitoba or for serv• Education to enact legislation to amend does therefore remove this right of teach• ice in private schools within the province The Teachers' Pensions Act to provide ers held under the former Act; of Manitoba; and that no further contribution be made to Be It Resolved that The Manitoba WHEREAS provision for such reinstate• the Fund by a teacher in receipt of a Teachers' Society request the Minister of ment need provide no cost to the Pen• retirement allowance. Education to enact legi.slation to amend sions' Fund; and Section 7(a) of The Teachers' Pensions WHEREAS such a provision for enabling Provincial Executive Act in order that the rights of teachers a teacher to provide for an income upon WHEREAS the current pension formula under Section 21 of the former Act be retirement for those years of service is based on the average annual salary over retained. not inconsistent with the purposes of the final 15 years does not give maximum The Teachers' Pensions Act; and effect to salary Increases; and Provincial Executive WHEREAS there is already provision in WHEREAS the current formula does not WHEREAS it was the original Intention The Teachers' Pensions Act in Section 43 maintain a reasonable relationship be• of the new Teachers' Pensions Act not

March-April, 1965 31 to prevent a teacher who was eligible requirements under the former Act; Provincial Executive for a retirement allowance under the Be It Resolved that The Manitoba WHEREAS several Winnipeg teachers have former Act from becoming eligible for Teachers' Society request the Minister of received substantial refunds from the a retirement allowance by the imple• Education to enact legislation to amend Federal Annuities Branch as a result of mentation of the new' Act; and Section 8 (2) of The Teachers' Pensions either overpayments or postponement of WHEREAS under Sections 8 (2) (a) and Act to ensure that a teacher who fulfils receipt of annuities; and 8 (2)(b) of The Teachers' Pensions Act, the retirement eligibility requirements WHEREAS many Winnipeg teachers will, a teacher may in fact be disqualified for under the former Act, be not disqualified over the next several years, be receiving pension purposes by virtue of not being for pension purposes by purposes of not similarly large refunds from the Federal a teacher on the effective date or by not being a teacher on the effective date Annuities Branch; and continuing without interruption to be a of the new Teachers' Pensions Act or WHEREAS some other teachers are likely teacher until he retires but who might by not continuing without interruption to have refunds from various pension otherwise fulfil the retirement eligibility to be a teacher until he retires. funds; and WHEREAS at present The Teachers' Pen• sions Act does not allow for the transfer of lump sum refunds from other pension funds; and WHEREAS the possibility of such transfer of refunds is desirable both from the income tax standpoint and as a step to• wards portability of pensions; Be It Resolved that The Manitoba C/En ADA Teachers' Society urge the Minister of Education to have The Teachers' Pen• sions Act amended to permit the transfer INTCRNATlONAt. of lump sum refunds from registered iNTeBNATmNAUX pension funds to the Teachers' Retire• ment Allowances Fund. Fort Garry Division 5 1 WHEREAS some individual school districts or divisions in the province are currently operating a group life insurance plan for their employees, on a strictly local level; and WHEREAS this system is not making use of the obvious advantages of the numeri• cal membership of our profession with regard to group life insurance rates and benefits; Be It Resolved that The Manitoba Teachers' Society implement a group life insurance plan for all members of the teaching profession within the province of Manitoba. Fort Garry Division 5 WHEREAS the federal government is con• sidering a national pension plan; and Start your summer WHEREAS teachers' pensions may be affected; Be It Resolved that The Manitoba holiday homework early Teachers' Society watch the development of the proposed Canada Pension Plan Europe and you are Summer '65's most entertaining and memorabie closely and consider trying to opt out twosome! Paris, London, Vienna, Zurich, Dusseldorf, Shannon—the or integrate the Manitoba Teachers' Pen• exciting trips and tours awaiting you would make Marco Poio jade sion Plan with it; and green with you-know-what! Naturally, the quick, convenient, com• Be It Further Resolved that The Mani• fortable way to travel overseas from Canada is by AIR CANADA jet. So, toba Teachers' Society make representa• start soon to get the answers to your unanswered questions about tion to the federal and provincial gov• a summer holiday in Great Britain, Ireland and Europe. Just ask ernments if the Manitoba Teachers' your Travel Agent or AIR CANADA. Both sources know what they're Pension Plan appears in danger of being talking about. _ adversely affected by the Canada Pen• sion Plan. Seven Oaks Division 10 AIR CANADA® Be It Resolved that The Manitoba Teachers' Society do all in its power to encourage and bring about portability

32 The Manitoba Teacher of teachers' pensions among all, or at Public Relations stitution of The Manitoba Teachers' least some, of the provinces of Canada. Society be amended by adding the fol• Provincial Executive lowing sub-sections, 14(5) and 14(6): Division Associations Nos. 10, 15 WHEREAS one of the objectives of the 14(5) Remote local associations may be WHEREAS the Canada Pension Plan has Canadian Centennial Commission is the formed with the consent of the heen approved in principle by the federal fostering of better understanding of the Provincial Executive, and shall parliament; and various regional and cultural character• consist of members of the Society WHEREAS the Canada Pension Plan, if istics that are the basis of our Canadian conveniently located to organize implemented, would mean an additional identity; and for mutual benefits in areas of pension contribution of 1.8 per cent of WHEREAS the Commission has demon• the province not a part of or salary above the current six per cent strated its support of various projects assigned to a division association. of salary required by The Teachers' Pen• that encourage exchanges between the Remote local associations .shall sions Act; provinces as one means of achieving this have all the powers of local asso• Be It Resolved that The Manitoba objective; and ciations. Teachers' Society try to have the Mani• WHEREAS teacher exchanges would be 14(6) Each remote local association toba Teachers' Pension Plan integrated beneficial to the teachers involved as well shall elect from its membership with the Canada Pension Plan .so that the as to the students they teach; one representative on the Provin• total contribution will not exceed six per Be It Resolved that The Manitoba cial Council. But if the number cent of salary. Teachers' Society request that the Cana• of members of the association Dauphin-Ochre Division 33 dian Teachers' Federation make repre• when divided by 40 leaves a WHEREAS the teachers in the provinces of sentations to the Centennial Commission remainder of 21 or more, the Sa.skatchewan, Alberta, and Ontario have to establish an appropriation for the association shall be entitled to, found it advantageous to enter into a purpose of reimbursing tran.sportation and shall elect, one additional reciprocal plan concerning the portability costs incurred by teachers participating representative. of pensions; in exchanges; and Be It Resolved that The Manitoba Be It Further Resolved that The Mani• Teachers' Society request the Manitoba toba Teachers' Society request that the Department of Education to negotiate Canadian Teachers' Federation undertake Salaries reciprocal portable pension arrangements the re.sponsibility for the administration with Sa.skatchewan, Alberta, and Ontario of a teacher exchange program in co• Provincial Executive Departments of Education. operation with its affiliates. WHEREAS The Public Schools Act does Souris Valley Division 42 St. Vital Division 6 not provide for the designation of teach• ers as principals; and WHEREAS it would be advisable for WHEREAS the articles, speeches, and re• WHEREAS the above referred Act makes teachers employed by the public not to ports prepared by various educators in no provision for removal of the designa• be excluded from any public pension our province are not widely enough tion of the above appointment; and scheme, or for the teachers not to ex• reported to the public; WHEREAS it is desirable to provide for clude themselves from such a scheme; Be It Resolved that The Manitoba suitable redress where unjust transfer or and Teachers' Society buy newspaper space dismissal is apparent; WHEREAS it might be financially bene• and publish on a regular basis in the Be It Resolved that The Manitoba ficial to the teachers of Manitoba to be daily newspapers articles, speeches, and Teachers' Society request the Minister of included under the provisions of the Can• reports prepared by various educators in Education to enact legislation to amend ada Pension Plan; our province. The Public Schools Act to provide that; Be It Resolved that The Manitoba Evergreen Division 22 (1) In a school where there are two or Teachers' Society recommend to the Min• more teachers employed, the board shall WHEREAS some of the best work done for ister of Education that teachers be in• designate one teacher as principal. the professional growth of the Manitoba cluded in the Canada Pension Plan; and (2) Where a teacher is designated as teachers has been done by teachers now Be It Further Resolved that The Mani• principal the designation shall remain in retired or quickly approaching retire• toba Teachers' Society request the Min• effect until terminated, but shall not be ment; and ister of Education to enact legislation to terminated earlier than June 30 of the WHEREAS teachers in retirement may provide for the integration of the Can• ensuing year. (3) The designation may wi.sh to contribute the benefit of their ada Pension Plan with the Manitoba be terminated by written notice given experience and wisdom to the new young Teachers' Pension Plan and maintain at least 30 days prior to June 30. teachers now entering the profession; teacher contributions to retirement (4) Where a designee receives notice Be It Resolved that teachers in good schemes at a minimum of six per cent as provided in section 3 above, he may, standing at retirement be sent copies of of gross annual salary. within five days, request in writing a THE MANITOBA TEACHER to keep them• Turtle Mountain Division 44 hearing before the board, or a commit• selves informed of MTS activities. WHEREAS there is need for group life in• tee thereof. (5) Where a hearing has surance for rural teachers; and been requested, the board, within 14 WHEREAS there is a great difficulty in days of the request, shall provide an obtaining the required number of teach• opportunity for the teacher to hear the ers to form groups of sufficient numbers reasons for the withdrawal of the to acquire reasonable rates; Rural Problems designation. (6) Where the teacher Be It Resolved that The Manitoba (designee) is dissatisfied with the rea• Teachers' Society implement and admin• Provincial Executive sons given, and believes that an injustice ister a group life insurance plan for all Be It Enacted and it is hereby enacted is being done, he may appeal, within Manitoba teachers. as follows: That Section 14 of the Con• five days, in writing, to the Minister,

March-April, 1965 33 who shall cause an investigation to be Teachers' Society request the Minister of Education to amend Part 18 of The made, within the terms of the Arbitration Education to amend Manitoba Regulation Public Schools Act to restore to the Act, and who may confirm or disallow 74/58 to provide grants for transporting teachers of Manitoba their right to strike. the termination of the designation. students to interscholastic functions of an Transcona-Springfield Division 12 (7) The termination of the contract of educational nature. a teacher also terminates his designation. Be It Resolved that The Manitoba (8) The termination of the designation Fort Garry Division 5 Teachers' Society urge the Manitoba does not terminate the contract of a WHEREAS higher education has become Government to place elementary schools teacher. (9) Except with the consent of expected of all teachers at all levels; and under the administration of division the teacher, the board shall not transfer WHEREAS a degree is a degree regardless boards wherever possible. a teacher designated as principal except of what grade level the degree-holder is on a minimum of 30 days notice prior teaching; Interlake Division 21 to June 30 and sections 4, 5, and 6 shall Be It Resolved that The Manitoba WHEREAS permit teaching experience is apply. Teachers' Society request the Minister of teaching experience; and Education to amend Manitoba Regulation WHEREAS a number of Manitoba teachers St. Boniface Division 4 74/58 to remove the inequality presently have permit teaching experience; and WHEREAS there is educational value in existing between grants for degree WHEREAS permit teaching experience is both intramural and interscholastic ath• teachers in the elementary schools and not recognized by the Department of letic and cultural activities; and grants for degree teachers in the Education for salary grant purposes; and WHEREAS interscholastic participation can secondary schools. WHEREAS the Department of Education be good and wholesome, and therefore is inconsistent in giving a teacher a per• useful in training a student for life and Fort Garry Division 5 mit to teach but not recognizing the its activities; and WHEREAS many of the facts reported teaching experience gained; and WHEREAS there is at present no provincial through public information services, con• WHEREAS de facto recognition is given grant for the transportation of students cerning negotiations within the province in compulsory contributions by the to such activities; and of Manitoba, are one-sided, incomplete, teacher to the Teachers' Retirement Fund, WHEREAS most school boards make no and misleading; thus further indicating the inconsistency budget provision for this expense; and Be It Resolved that The Manitoba in not recognizing the experience; and WHEREAS most school boards forbid the Teachers' Society promote a system of WHEREAS it is unfair to teachers who transportation of students for school func• closed-door negotiations within this prov• do not receive salary experience incre• tions via private cars; ince, so as to prevent public misconcep• ments due to non-recognition of permit Be It Resolved that The Manitoba tion, trial by press, and poor teacher- teaching experience; and public relations; and WHEREAS it is unfair to school boards Be It Further Resolved that The Mani• who give recognition to a teacher's toba Teachers' Society encourage the permit teaching experience but do not withholding of all negotiation progress receive a grant towards such salary; 38-DAY ESCORTED TOUR and facts from public information Be It Resolved that The Manitoba agencies until negotiations are completed. Teachers' Society request the Minister AROUND of Education to recognize permit teach• Seven Oaks Division 10 ing experience as experience for all de- SOUTH WHEREAS most teachers are employed parmental purposes. in more than one district before they AMERICA retire; and Division Associations Nos. 33, 45 WHEREAS at the present time a person WHEREAS the position of full-time guid• is allowed only 20 days sick leave upon ance counsellor is, at present, a super• For teachers and others inter• the first year in a new district; numerary position for which no provincial ested in education. Visit Iquilos, Be It Resolved that The Manitoba grant is available to the school board; Cuzco, La Paz, Rio de Janeiro, Teachers' Society request the Minister of Be It Resolved that The Manitoba Brasilia, Asuncion, many other Education to enact legislation to establish Teachers' Society request the Minister of cities. Tour cost $746 plus air fare. a portable sick leave benefit for the Education to amend Manitoba Regulation You fly Super DC-8 Jet to Mexico teachers of Manitoba. 74/58 to provide for grants for full-time City, Lima, Santiago, Buenos guidance counsellors on the basis of one Seven Oaks Division 10 Aires. Mail coupon for free folder. grant per school division. WHEREAS the salaries presently paid to Souris Valley Division 42 FlYj teachers in Manitoba fail to recognize increased costs of living and the status WHEREAS many students at all levels of of the teacher in our society; and the Manitoba school system have emo• WHEREAS current bargaining procedures tional and psychological problems; and appear to be unable to bring about ade• WHEREAS all students presently enrolled CPA District Sales Office, quate improvement in salaries and other in Grade I to IX must make an intelligent Room 301-150 Henry Ave., benefits; and selection of high school programmes upon Winnipeg. WHEREAS the right to strike, as an ulti• graduating from Grade IX; and mate demonstration of dissatisfaction, WHEREAS all students leaving school are NAME should be extended to every citizen of a faced with a multitude of vocational democracy; choices; and ADDRESS... Be It Resolved that The Manitoba WHEREAS very few school boards have Teachers' Society request the Minister of found it possible to employ properly

34 The Manitoba Teacher trained personnel for guidance under the WHEREAS the present grant structure WHEREAS there is need for educational present teacher-grant system; makes no allowance for these higher costs research; Be It Resolved that The Manitoba and thereby places an undue burden Be It Resolved that The Manitoba Teachers' Society request the Minister of on property owners in these northern Teachers' Society request the Minister Education to amend Manitoba Regulation areas; of Education to make available bursaries 74/58 to provide an additional teacher- Be It Resolved that The Manitoba of eight hundred dollars ($800) for grant to any school district enrolling 500 Teachers' Society request the Minister of Manitoba teachers who enroll for fuU or more students, or to any high school Education to amend Manitoba Regulation summer programmes at Ganadian univer• division enrolling 500 or more students, 74/58 to provide increased operating sities; and provided that such school district or such grants for schools in northern areas of Be It Further Resolved that The Mani• school division employs a full-time guid• the province. toba Teachers' Society request the Min• ance counsellor. ister of Education to make available Lynn Lake Local Association annually, seven (7) two thousand Kelsey Division 45 WHEREAS current curriculum revisions dollar ($2,000) bursaries for Manitoba WHEREAS educational costs continue to will make it increasingly more important teachers enrolled at Canadian universities rise and will do so in the foreseeable that all high school students in the in graduate studies in Education. future; and province have access to any one of the WHEREAS the local governments have all courses on the Manitoba high school but exhausted the property tax as a curriculum; and source of revenue; and WHEREAS there are a number of smaller WHEREAS education should not be the schools in isolated communities in north• Teacher Education and responsibility of the property holder only, ern Manitoba which imder the present Certification but should also be the responsibility of grant structure find it impossible to offer the province as a whole; and more than one of such courses, thus Provincial Executive WHEREAS the present grants are com• depriving the young people of these Be It Resolved that The Manitoba pletely unsatisfactory; communities of educational opportunities Teachers' Society ask the Minister of Be It Resolved that The Manitoba available to students in the rest of the Education to set Grade XII University Teachers' Society inaugurate, in co• province; and Entrance as a minimum standard for 1965 operation with the Manitoba School Trus• WHEREAS the development of the North entrance to teacher training; and tees' Association and the Urban School is an important aspect of the economic Be It Further Resolved that The Mani• Trustees' Association of Manitoba, a pro• growth of our province; and toba Teachers' Society recommend that gram designed to impress upon the WHEREAS the hardship of sending to a the Minister of Education and the Uni• Government the necessity of increasing residential school, students who are not versity of Manitoba implement by Sep• operating grants to school districts and suited for the particular high school tember 1966 an optional two-year teacher divisions. course being offered locally, will tend training program, to run concurrently to discourage families from moving into with the present one-year program, Kelsey Division 45 these communities, thus impeding the said program to consist of five approved WHEREAS extensive new laboratory facili• development of the North; and first-year university courses plus a full ties will be required for the new General WHEREAS providing additional financial complement of professional teacher Gourse and new University Entrance assistance to such isolated schools would training courses. Gourse; and be consistent with the practice of pro• WHEREAS many school divisions will not viding transportation grants for pupils Fort Garry Division 5 be able to afford to provide these new who attend schools in a city, town, or WHEREAS the training of a practice facilities under existing financial arrange• village in which they are not residents; teacher requires considerable extra time ments; and Be It Resolved that The Manitoba from the classroom teacher; and WHEREAS the success or failure of these Teachers' Society recommend to the Min• WHEREAS teachers are told, not asked, laboratory-oriented courses will depend ister of Education that the need and that they will be responsible for a on proper laboratory facilities; feasibility of making additional teacher teacher trainee; and Be It Resolved that The Manitoba grants available to schools in isolated WHEREAS some provinces arrange with Teachers' Society request the Minister of northern communities be studied and teachers to take student teachers for ex• Education to amend Manitoba Regulation given careful consideration. tended periods of time, up to 10-12 74/58 to provide grants for the estab• weeks, requiring careful instruction and lishment of the laboratories required for detailed evaluation by the teachers of the new General Gourse and the new Scholarship the trainee; and University Entrance Course. WHEREAS teachers having thus assumed Interlake Division 21 and fulfilled this responsibility of a stu• Kelsey Division 45 WHEREAS it is desirable that teachers dent teacher are subsequently paid; WHEREAS living costs in northern areas have a good academic background in the Be It Resolved that The Manitoba are higher than in southern parts of the subject matter which they teach; and Teachers' Society strive to have imple• province; and WHEREAS the introduction of new course mented a revision of practice teaching WHEREAS school boards in northern areas materials makes it imperative that teach• procedures so that students be given are forced to pay higher salaries to com• ers acquire new subject matter; and longer periods of time with one teacher, pensate teachers for these higher living WHEREAS the prospects are that due to in order to receive better coaching and costs and for increased travel costs; and the rapid increase in knowledge cur• better evaluation; and WHEREAS school building material and riculum revision with the introduction of Be It Further Resolved that teachers operating costs in general are higher in new subject matter will be necessary on accepting this responsibility be paid for northern areas; and a continuing basis; and their efforts. »

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36 The Manitoba Teacher Values in Education

"Worth makes the man, and want of it the fellow," these words hy Alexander Pope were part of the introduction of the annual lecture delivered before the Facidty of Education Alumni Association, University of Manitoba. Presented on March 6 by Ronald T. F. Thompson, Superintendent of the St. James School Division, the lecture contained many views on education of interest to all teachers. Following are some quotes taken from Mr. Thompson's address.

Education = Conflict modern teachers, elementary as well personal marks of shame? If not, why We can never expect unanimity of as secondary. is it so easy to fill the major work opinion with respect to education, for classes, the 'A' classes, and the matric• Creativity it is a living process, and where there ulation course and so difficult to If we are to encourage creativity in is life there is conflict. We would all secure parental acceptance of 'four- children, we must expect divergent agree, surely, that there is nothing so year programmes,' 'high school leav• behaviour—both among children and unanimous as a graveyard? ing' courses, and 'ungraded' classes, among their teachers. If creativity is even when such equally specialized Too Much Psychology to he encouraged, we must modify education is obviously the best answer Many modern sociologists . . . are our standard schools and standard• for the child concerned? pointing out that there has been an ized procedures. over - psychologization of education. Examinations This overemphasis on psychology and Methods and Rivalries Pupils will continue to he tragically the intellectual ignores the develop• The current rivalries with respect to failed out of the University Entrance ment of the child as a living, feeling, various methods are far too extreme. Course unless the Department of Edu• social being. Daily battles on 'sound versus sight,' cation prescribes for adequate screen• 'articulated phonics versus sensed ing of entrants. And as long as matric• Teachers and Curricula phonics,' 'rods versus symbols,' 'con• ulation and other Department of The favourable development of the crete versus abstract,' etc., engaged in Education examinations dominate the pupil depends in the main on the with all the emotion of religious wars, high school programmes, repeated classroom teachers. It is no longer fought for what purpose we know not failures and the continuous threat of sufficient that such teachers he inter• —such struggles over methods cause failure will continue to he the lot of esting and patient, for present-day teachers and parents to lose sight of far, far too many of our high school knowledge and living are complicated the all-important values of education. students. and difficult for the pupil to compre• . . . A certain method may he pro• hend. The modern teacher must he vided, its use recommended, and its Guidance well versed in theories of learning trial expected, hut the experienced The increasing complexity of voca• related to the structure of the various teacher should still he given consider• tional fields and of related high school subject fields. . . . The teachers of able freedom to use any or all methods and university courses will necessitate today need also the broad general which may promise to yield results pupil guidance seiwices. ... It is quite knowledge necessary to relate the with certain children. another thing, however, to look to skills, facts, principles, and generaliza• expanded guidance services as the tions of their subject to the environ• False Values of Prestige palliative for problems which we ment and to the life of this fast chang• Are some of us adults, as teachers or should never have created in the first ing world. Surely, a university educa• parents, looking upon our children as place. Unwise selection of prestige tion is increasingly necessary for the personal prestige symbols, or even, as courses . . . form one example of such

March-April, 1965 37 created problems. The unnecessary these supplementary resources and a ance clinic services, and help in trans• creation of high schools that are far lack of gadgetry (much of it highly portation where available. Surely, too large or have too wide a range of commercialized) is no alibi for a lack there should he permission for school grades and ages and social maturity of learning on the part of pupils. divisions to share other public school is a second example of a situation that services where mutually convenient- should be corrected rather than Drop-Ouls shops and home economics, for ex• treated through additional guidance Early drop-outs are often educational ample. services. tragedies hut such drop-outs may he unavoidable. The real tragedy is the Education for Leisure Freedom for the High School lack of suitable educational provisions Perhaps the pressuring teachers and Why cannot the universities set up and stimulating environment when the the pressuring parents who are push• their own intelligence and aptitude young adult finally decides that he ing our students to "study hard or you examinations for those who come to does wish or need to learn. will he unemployed" are already out them? This change would leave the of date. The truth is that more and high schools free (with departmental Capital versus Man more of our children will have, in the guidance and cooperation) to provide It is sad proof of the over-materialistic years to come, more and more time varied and flexible programmes de• values of our times that the develop• for leisure. ... It is unfortunate that signed to interest and develop the ment of educated people should he leisure, for the person untrained in young individuals of their community. consideied important mainly as capi• its use, means idleness and idleness tal formation, enabling the state to can breed mischief. Unhappily, also, Schools of Tomorrow produce more material wealth. profit-making agencies without con• Language labs, programmed instruc• science bombard the young person tion, learning resource centres, higher Shared Services with cheap, attractive, pleasurable horizon programs, electronic data Until our major religious groups can hut dangerous means of passing his processing, all these devices and re• he educated together, can we not idle time. sources augur well for the broader accept that there are some services attainment of worthwhile values in that are services to children, not to Man and Machine education. But a word of warning: schools? Among these, some of us All the indications are that like today, good teaching can he done without would include textbooks, child guid- tomorrow, as it comes, will he a world not of men or machines hut of both together. All machines, even educa• tional machines, need a little oil to prevent the various parts from squeak• Grande Prairie City School District No. 2357 ing, wearing thin, or getting a little Junior College and Public School Positions hot. The best lubricant between Applications are invited to fill positions on the staff of the Grande Prairie City- teachers, pupils, and parents is a com• Public Schools beginning September 1, 1965, in the foUo-wing categories- Senior High and Junior College pound faith, friendliness, courtesy, At the high school level and possibly the Junior College level by September, and good humour. A smile, a laugh, a 1965, on a combined basis for the next two or three years: at the Junior College kindly word, and a willingness to for• level for the follo-wlng years. get and forgive and start all over At least one instructor is required for each of the following first-year university again 200 times a year is all we courses: History (European), French, Psychology, Sociology, Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Zoology, Botany, Educational Psychology, Educational Admin• teachers need. If there are to be istration, Educational Foundations, Physical Education. For the first few years the sparks in our educational machines, Junior College instructor would teach related high school courses. let them be sparks from the teacher Applicants must hold a master's degree in the subject ot instruction at the that will put real light and life into Junior College level. Bursaries for completion ot the master's program are possible. A teacher's certificate is required tor teaching high school courses. the minds and spirits of our young Present salary scale pays up to $8,900 plus proposed special allowance to people. Junior College instructors. Senior High School The Task for the Teacher In addition to the above subject areas, teachers in the tollowing areas are In order to develop through educa• required—Librarian, Business Education, Industrial Arts, Drafting, Machine Shop, tion that which is most worth in our Food Services, Counselling. Junior High School children, there are many tasks to be Industrial Arts, Librarian, Oral French, English, Social Studies, Mathematics, done, many challenges to be faced. Science. Young or old, we teachers must look Elementary Schools not to the past but to the future. . . . All grades. Specialists in remedial reading and speech training. It is not knowledge nor is it morals Teachers new to the profession may do an internship in May and June. which we are teaching. You and I Forward appUcations to: ^ ^ ^^^^^ are teaching children or leading young Superintendent ot Schools adults. Let us teach them what is Grande Prairie School District No. 2357 most worth and lead them toward 10213 - 99 Street, Grande Prairie, Alberta what is right. »

38 The Manitoba Teacher Winnipeg. It will be held as part of nomics Teachers' Association included the MEA convention. representatives from The Pas, Killar• In addition to the annual meet• ney, and the School of Home Eco• ing, a speech by Dr. R. Hudson, nomics of the University of Manitoha Director of the University Counselling as well as the staffs of the Winnipeg Service, will be of special interest to School Division and several suburban guidance teachers. His address, 'Guid• schools. The meeting was chaired hy ance and the University' has been Mrs. Olive Trineer of West Kildonan from the subject areas scheduled for 10:45 am on April 21. Collegiate. The guidance program terminates Miss Elva Humphries, MHETA with a tour of the Manitoha Institute representative on the provincial Cur• of Technology in the afternoon. riculum Committee of the Society, has Those interested are asked to meet at reported that excellent support for 2:30 pm inside the front entrance of home economics is being given hy the the Institute. Information ahout trans• Society. CYofttmetcia / portation from the Royal Alexandra Teachers or regular students wish• Hotel to Rrooklands will he made ing to earn credits towards a degree MANITOBA COMMERCIAL available at the annual meeting of the TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION in home economics during the sum• GAM. mer of 1965 should contact the Sum• Many teachers have already volun• mer School Department of the Uni• teered to act as chairmen and re• versity of Manitoha to obtain a corders for the sections of the work• calendar and application form. Regis• shop planned by the Manitoba Com• •l-lome I^conomlci tration is limited and must he made mercial Teachers' Association on April MANITOBA HOME ECONOMICS before June 15. 21. It will be held as part of the MEA TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION convention at the Royal Alexandra "Love is as important as food to Hotel in Winnipeg. It is hoped that Members attending the February 4 our survival," emphasized Dr. Gordon many more teachers will take an meeting of the Manitoha Home Eco• L. Toombs, pastoral counsellor, Win- active part in the discussions and will come with teaching aids or techniques which they have found helpful. The one-day workshop program will cover six different areas. Each partici• pant will be able to attend three of Formation of New Group Proposed these since some areas will be dis• cussed simultaneously. The subjects to be discussed are typing, general The possibility of forming an association of principals and vice- business, shorthand, business prin• ciples, office practice, and business principals, to be affiliated with The Manitoba Teachers' Society, has machines. heen discussed at several occasions in the past. To explore the issue Commercial teachers are also urged further a meeting will he held on April 12, at 8:00 pm, at Vincent to attend the joint luncheon of the Society and the MEA on April 21 at Massey Collegiate in Fort Garry. Meanwhile, those interested in 12:15 pm. The speaker. Dr. Omond investigating the formation of the proposed group are asked to M. Solandt, vice-president of De- complete the form helow and submit it to J. Downey, Vincent Massey Havilland Aircraft of Canada Ltd., will talk about 'Automation, Educa• Collegiate, Fort Garry 19, Manitoha. tion, and Employment in the Affluent Society' — a topic most vital to all commercial teachers. I am interested in discussing the possibility of forming an association of principals and vice-principals. guidance

GUIDANCE ASSOCIATION OF MANITOBA Name: Address: The annual meeting of the Guidance Association of Manitoba will be held School : Phone: on April 21 at 9:30 am in the Colonial Room of the Royal Alexandra Hotel,

March-April, 1965 39 nipeg Presbytery of the United held with the Manitoba Library Asso• Rend, Special Assistant to the Deputy Church of Canada when he spoke on ciation while Miss Retty Redmond Minister of Education; Mrs. Helen 'The Language of Relationships' at a outlined the relationship the group Robertson, Supervisor of Children's recent MHETA meeting. Feelings are could have with the Society at the Services, Winnipeg Public Library; the key determinants of human he- same time without disrupting one or Mrs. Mary Johnson, parent; and Rev. haviour, he said, and the recognition the other relationship. Jack Skynner, librarian, St. John's and interpretation of these feelings A motion was passed at the meet• College, Winnipeg. are learned in the family. ing that application for affiliation as A symposium, consisting of Mrs. a subject area group be made to The Anne Volume, Nelson Mclntyre Col• Manitoba Teachers' Society. Subse• legiate, Winnipeg; Mrs. Norma Wal• quently, the group is well on its way ker, School of Home Economics, Uni• MANITOBA GEOGRAPHY to becoming such a group and hence• TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION versity of Manitoha; Mrs. Isabel Wett- forth will be known as the Manitoba laufer, Sisler High School, Winnipeg; Association of School Librarians. The Manitoba Geography Teachers' and Mrs. Johanna Wilson, Vincent Association will shortly have filmstrips Those working in or interested in Massey Collegiate, Fort Garry, dis• as advertised in Life Magazine avail• school librarians are invited to join cussed Dr. Toombs address in terms able on loan for inspection by its the MASL and to contact Mrs. Mar• of 'Family Patterns of Today.' The members. Titles will be published as garet Simmons, 6-29 St. Mary's Road, theme of the meeting was in line soon as they are received. Winnipeg. with the vital part of all home eco• Those wishing to become members The second meeting of the year nomics curricula, the family. of the MGTA are invited to complete was a joint meeting with the Mani• the application form below and for• toba Library Association held at Sisler ward it to the treasurer, Miss M. Vant. Aclioot JLilitdtiei High School, Winnipeg. Those who Applicants should enclose $1.00 which attended enjoyed H. E. Newson's re• which will give them membership MANITOBA ASSOCIATION marks on the role of the school library privileges for one year. FOR SCHOOL LIBRARIANS and its relation to public library serv• The attendance at the Saturday School librarians of Metropolitan Win• ice as well as an original musical morning geography seminars at the nipeg held their first meeting of 1964- parody of Hamlet presented by stu• University of Manitoba has greatly 65 at the Hudson's Ray to discuss dents of Vincent Massey Collegiate, exceeded the expectations. The course the advantages of becoming a pro• Fort Garry. has given participants a wide knowl• vincial association to be affiliated with The session at the Easter conven• edge of their immediate locality. The Manitoba Teachers' Society while tion of the MEA promises to be inter• Congratulations are extended to retaining affiliation with the Manitoba esting for school librarians since the those responsible for the arrangements Library Association. Miss Margaret topic of a panel will be 'What Should for the workshop at Gimli on Febru• Ashley addressed the group and ex• the School Library Do.' The following ary 27. A great variety of work was plained the relationship that the group will be the panel members; Robert displayed and instead of giving

In '65 be sure (o see THE BRITISH ISLES Application Form and EUROPE for membership in the Manitoba Geography Teachers' Association ]om us EMPRESS OF ENGLAND July 8 - Montreal-Britain Name School $255 per passage EMPRESS OF CANADA Address: Elementary: ._. August 17 - Britain-Montreal $266 per passage Jr. High.: ...

DaWy air flights (quoted on request) Phone: Zone: Sr. High: SEND FOR BOOKLETS OF TOURS Lilian Watson Travel Service Please enclose $1.00 memhership fee and forward to Miss M. Vant, Overseas Education League 7-195 Wentworth St., Winnipeg 9. 240 SOMERSET BUILDING WINNIPEG 1, MANITOBA

40 The Manitoba Teacher pointers, the representatives of the MGTA received some from those who participated. Teachers are urged to give some thought to enrolling in the teacher- oriented course to be given by the McGill Summer School at Stanstead during the coming summer. Further details may be obtained from the Geography Department, McGill Uni• versity, Montreal, P.Q.

The late Miss Bertha CANADIAN ASSOCIATION FOR HEALTH, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND RECREATION Pilling as teachers During February several GAHPER remember her activities took place. On February 4, best — in front the GAHPER Smorgasbord was held of a classroom. at Vasalund, Gharleswood. On Feb• ruary 12, Sylvia Shaw and Bonnie Benson conducted a rhythmic work• shop at Manitoba Teachers GoUege. To take place in the immediate future is an athletic workshop to be spon• sored by the Manitoba Medical Asso• ciation and GAHPER on April 9 and 10. It will be chaired by Dr. Max She Inspired hy Example Avron and Bob Hazel.

Unduittiat -Qtti

MANITOBA INDUSTRIAL ARTS ASSOCIATION At the request of the Society's special committee on Gertifioation of Spe• ANY TEAGHERS in Manitoba — the students dedicated the year- cialists, the Manitoba Industrial Arts Mschools will have regretted to hook to her in these words: Association has prepared a brief on hear of the death of Miss Bertha "Somehow she managed to dis• certification, training, and salary of Pilling in Winnipeg last January. cover in each of us, if not talent, industral arts teachers. Miss Pilling, who was engaged in at least the ability to appreciate Ralph Bird, guest speaker at the training teachers in Brandon as well and enjoy art. With her contagi• industrial arts section of the Winnipeg as in Winnipeg for over 35 years, will ous enthusiasm. Miss Pilling has teachers' convention recently, related be remembered by the thousands of inspired us to accomplish for our• how design was incorporated in his students who passed through her selves as well as to develop the industrial arts classes at Westwood hands as a vital and vigorous per• ability of our future pupils. In Gollegiate and suggested several ways sonality. everything w e attempted w e in which other teachers may use it in Graduates of Brandon Normal tried to meet her excellent stand• their classes. He also listed the steps School may recall her untiring efforts ards, never stpnilated hut always in designing a project using the ele• in helping to raise funds for the B. J. apparent through her example." ments, principles, kinds, and selection Hales Museum and will remember her of good design. fine work in producing concerts and Staff associates and former students During the panel discussion follow• plays in addition to her inspiring per• of Miss Pilling are planning to place ing Mr. Bird's speech, it was agreed formance in the classroom. an object of art in the new educa• that design could be incorporated in Graduates of the old Winnipeg tion building as a memorial. Those the curriculum after the students have Normal School on William Avenue interested in contributing may send learned a few of the necessary skills and Manitoha Teachers Gollege in contributions to George Ghidley, to construct the object they are to Tuxedo will remember her interesting Manitoba Teachers Gollege, Tuxedo, design. » art classes. In her retiring year — 1954 Manitoba. »

March-April, 1965 41 It would thrill me to be able to can only have one value, namely -|- 8. refer you to the research done on the Therefore, (-2) (-4) = +8. problem of evaluating pupil learning. There is nothing new ahout thLs I might refer you to a study, 'Evalua• 'proof today. It is well to remember tion in the Oak Ridge Schools', by R. this page was typed almost ten years N. Ostrander. You will not find the ago. answer there. I could refer you to a The story continues. pamphlet, 'Organization of School After all three classes had studied Staff for Evaluation', published hy this proof and had done the exercises the Michigan State Board of Educa• that followed, the teacher was anx• tion, Lansing, Michigan. You would ious to find out whether all the 111 not find the answer there either. Per• students in the three classes of this haps you have read 'Evaluation Maths: Whither? or Thither! school really understood why a minus Criteria', published in 1950 hy the times a minus gives a plus. American Council of Education? This The classes were warned to pre• The folloiving letter was submitted for study fails to answer the important pare for a test of a written proof simi• publication by Jack Silverberg. In it, question also. I know you have lar in every respect to the one pre• the author answers Harold Pollock, copies of the 'National Council of sented on page 32. On the appointed whose article on mathematics ap• Teachers of Mathematics' issues. day, they were given this problem: peared in the January-February issue. None of them tells us how others Show that (—2) (a) is always -|- if tested the basic understanding of 'a' is any negative numher. mathematical concepts. The results were interesting. Only Since the literature is of no help 11 out of 111 produced the proof. Dear Harold: I shall try to establish my case in Most of these 11 started hy saying I address this letter to you personally two ways: (1) personal attempts to this: Since 'a' is any negative numher, because you are the only teacher in test basic understanding of mathe• I shall consider 'a' to he (—4). Then Manitoba who was interested in re• matical concepts, and (2) an invita• they produced the proof on page 32. plying to my article in the November- tion to you, Harold, to prove to your The remaining 100 couldn't get December issue of THE MANITOBA own satisfaction that there is method started. After the test, the teacher ex• TEACHER. For this courtesy, many in my madness. pressed surprise and disappointment thanks. For all I know, you are the at the results, particularly, when all only teacher in this province who read One of my early attempts dealt with a they had to do was to replace the 'a' it. This correspondence is therefore a concept raised in your article — nega• with any negative numher — even the personal matter between you and me. tive numbers. If Editor Loewen had (-4) of the printed example. Then It seems a shame to use the maga• not butchered my last article, he could the class was told that a similar test zine for this purpose; we could easily have saved us both a lot of trouble would he given the next day in order settle our differences over a friendly because in it I described an interest• that they might redeem themselves. ing experiment with three Grade IX cup of coffee. The next day, the teacher gave classes. At this point, I shall ask Mr. What is the basic difference in our them this problem: Show that (a) Loewen to dig up the 'cuttings' and views? I think, it boils down to this. (—h) is always -f if 'a' is any nega• insert them helow: You, Harold, seem to believe that if tive numher and 'h' is any other posi• students were properly brought up A year-long experiment took place tive numher. Gan you guess the re• mathematically (not dragged up as in ten Winnipeg classrooms in three sults of this test? The same 11 pre• presently and in the past), the true different Winnipeg junior high schools sented a correct solution. The remain• understanding of fundamental mathe• in the school year 1955-1956. ing 100 were still lost. matical principles would gradually Problem 4: What ahout (—2) X What did all this mean? It could dawn on average students by the time (—4)? There are probably as many mean (1) that the words 'any nega• they reach high school. I, on the other ways of explaining this operation as tive number' and 'any positive num• hand, believe that true understand• there are teachers. Here is another. ber' did not click — did not form a ing of fundamental abstract principles We have already defined (or accepted) 'Gestalf; (2) it could mean that they is not entirely or even mainly a mat• the meaning of 2(n -f 3) as (2 x n) did understand the full significance of ter of upbringing but largely a matter -f (2 X 3) or 2n + 6. On the basis 'any negative number' hut got lost in of native ability over which not even of this definition (or assumption): one of the steps of the proof. It could you, Harold, have complete control. (-2) |(-4) -f (-k4)] = (-2) hut it does not have this meaning I believe that with respect to mathe• (-4) + (-2) (+4) or (-2) [0] simply because these 100 students matics, relatively few students (and = (-2) (-4) + (-2) (+4) or 0 =: could not get started. They had no teachers, if you don't mind — in• (-2) (-4) -f (-2) (-f4). Since chance to get fouled up in the steps cluding myself) have this ability. we have established that (—2) (4-4) of the proof. How can I prove to you that I am = -8, then: 0 = (-2) (-4) - 8. The conclusion then is simply this: right and that you are wrong? Therefore, 0 = ? - 8. Thus the ? most students do not understand the

42 The Manitoba Teacher full significance of a negative number give you the correct answer. Til buy Find three values for 'x'. If you still when tliat number is written as a you a dinner. What's wrong? Bad up• don't see my point, Harold, give them letter. bringing or my answer? this one: Did you ever have this experience, +3x ^1 I can hear you saying, Harold, "But Harold, with good Grade XII stu• this is not fair. After all, they were dents? You have defined the abscissa I could go on and on hut I know Mr. just introduced to negative numbers. and ordinate in general terms as fol• Loewen will cut, so I'll conclude very The idea is brand new. What do you lows, OA is '-t-r'; AB is '-f-s'. quickly hy referring to local situations. expect? Had they been brought up Do you recall the Grade XII maths r. s properly in Grades VI, VII and VIII B/ V June paper set hy Dr. Divinsky ahout with mathematical sentences like five years ago? Do you recall that a X + 1 = 0 and sets like 7, 5, 3, 1, r new committee was appointed to set ?, ?, ?, it would be a different story." ( "A a different August supplemental? You have a point, but will you agree Why, Harold? The results were disas• that Grade XII students who have trous. Why, Harold? Because the passed IX, X, XI maths with marks From this you concluded that AO is paper tested basic understanding of of 80 and over really understand the '—r' and BA is '—s'. Then you carry concepts and most students are not concept of negative numbers? I hope on with many examples in the first mathematicians and never will he. you say, "Yes", so that you can prove quadrant. Now — the payoff. You Do I need to mention last year's Grade to yourself how wrong you are. switch to quadrant 2. X June paper? Permit me to refer you to Gon- Try this, Harold, with a good Grade gress maths exams. How many teach• XII class: ers have trouble with these exams? Why, Harold? Poor upbringing after years of teaching? How many stu• dents do better on these exams than Ask the class to tell you ahout OR. the teachers who teach them? I've What will 90 per cent say? You know had a few. What does this do to your the answer, k'. Why? "The fact that 'poor upbringing theory'? Ic', can have a specific negative value I wish you would reread part of my has not registered with most students article to find what you may call the Use the diagram above to show that even at the Grade XII level. Silverberg Law: U Enough negatives. Let's accentuate the positive. Try this with a good which means: understanding varies 1 Va^ + b^ Grade XI class. They all know and inversely with the generality of the Now, tell the students that 'p' by understand that 3° = 1. Give them this concept. It has very little to do with agreement must always be positive. problem Harold: upbringing. Emphasize this! Then ask this ques• 3x24-x-6 = l. Are you convinced, Harold? tion: "In order that 'p' be positive, Find the value(s) of 'x. Then give Sincerely, when will we use the '+' and when Jack Silverberg. the '—' in the denominator?" Wait them this one: patiently! If more than ten per cent 3x3+8 = 1. p.s. I like my steak well done.

Featuring Some of the Speakers at the MEA Convention

Below are some of the main speakers to address teachers and others attending the convention of the Manitoha Educational Association in Winnipeg on April 20 and 21. From left to right are Prof. A. B. Nicolaev, Regina; Dr. H. T. Coutts, Edmon• ton; Dr. F. J. Gathercole, Saskatoon; Dr. D. K. Bracken, Dallas, Texas; Dr. B. D. Mattson, Mankato, Minnesota; and A. P. Hanwell, Ottawa. They will discuss aspects of the Soviet economy, educational research, principles of education, the teaching of reading, education of the emotionally disturbed child, and the new mathematics.

March-April, 1965 43 OR THE past two years informal Fdiscussions have been held at the conclusion of principals' seminars about the possibility and desirability of forming a provincial principals' association to discuss common prob• lems, just as maths teachers, science (^enetdt ^ectetdti^ (2omment6 teachers, and others have done. We would like to make several comments on this matter. by EMERSON L. ARNETT The first is that principals are first and foremost teachers, with the same rights and responsibilities as other teachers. Those rights include the right of association. Principals' groups have heen in existence in various parts of the province for years. Thus far, none of these have heen eligible INCE THE January-February issue ago to become the Director of the for affiliation with the Society he- S of THE MANITOBA TEACHER was Ganadian Gouncil for Research in cause they do not meet one of the re• published we have had a great many Education. quirements, namely to he currently teachers commenting enthusiastically It is difficult to assess the under• active on a provincial basis or deemed about The new look.' But comments lying causes of such changes. To some capable of being so. Other require• have not been limited to the change extent, they will he inevitable as ments which would have to he met in format. Teachers and others have bright young men make a name for are (a) that the group he composed commented upon the excellent layout themselves in the service of the Fed• principally of teachers and (h) that and design of the magazine and, eration and then leave for greener it shall not present resolutions directly above all, ahout the quality and var• fields. However, it is important that to the Department of Education hut iety of articles of professional interest. a thorough study he made of the shall submit all resolutions to the Gur- The following brief letter from problem to ensure that unnecessary riculum Gommittee of The Manitoha James Nuttall, the editor of 'School losses are not incurred. Provision of Teachers' Society. The chief benefits Progress,' sums up well the nature of a first rate research department headed would he (a) presentation of their the general reaction: "Just a note to hy an ahle research director is one of resolutions to the proper authorities as commend you and your staff on the the most important services the Gana• Manitoha Teachers' Society resolu• tions; (h) use of the various services new look of THE MANITOBA "TEACHER. dian Teachers' Federation can ren• The lively and imaginative new pre• der to its affiliates. Few can afford and facilities of the Society; and (c) financial assistance up to $100 to help sentation — something that is sadly to develop such a department them• in organizing on a provincial scale. lacking in most Canadian education selves and possibly few even need a full-time research director. But journals, as you know — should un• Secondly, the policy of the Society through the Federation it should he questionably increase the readership is to consider applications for affilia• possible for all affiliates, at a relatively of the articles you publish." tion from existing groups. There is no moderate cost, to have such services The editor, Howard J. Loewen, policy of forming groups. If there are available when required. Many teach• and his assistant, Miep van Raalte, principals who believe that there ers in Manitoha will recall the invalu• are to he congratulated for their fine should he a principals' group affili• able assistance rendered hy the first work in developing THE MANITOBA ated with the Society, it is their right Director of Research, Dr. Douglas TEACHER as a truly professional mag• to seek to organize such a group and Ayres, in the development and pre• azine. then have the group apply for affilia• sentation of the brief of The Manitoha tion. Teachers' Society to the Manitoha Thirdly, should such a group apply Royal Gommission on Education in R. BARB GREENFIELD, Director of for affiliation, it would he considered 1957-58. Dr. Robinson played an im• D Research for the Ganadian Teach• in the same way that any other affilia• portant part in assisting the Society ers' Federation, resigned recently to tion would he considered. to establish a sound, broadly based take a position with the Faculty of research council in Manitoha. Finally, principals' associations af• Education of the University of Al• filiated with the British Golumbia berta. This is the third research Looking at the broader picture, it Teachers' Federation and the Alberta director to leave the employ of the is hard to see how a national organ• Teachers' Association for some years Ganadian Teachers' Federation in a ization of teachers can take its place appear to he playing a valuable role period of about six years. Dr. Green• as a professional organization unless in improving administrative and field's immediate predecessor. Dr. it is giving educational leadership in supervisory practices in these prov• Floyd Robinson, left just over a year the field of research. inces. »

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