DOCSLIB.ORG

The Representation of Zimbabwean Liberation War Chronicles in the Sunday Mail and the Patriot

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Representation of Zimbabwean Liberation War Chronicles in the Sunday Mail and the Patriot The representation of Zimbabwean liberation war chronicles in The Sunday Mail and The Patriot MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF MEDIA AND SOCIETY STUDIES TOPIC The representation of Zimbabwean liberation war chronicles in The Sunday Mail and The Patriot Compiled by: Dokotera Munyaradzi R131284T This dissseration is submitted in halfway satisfaction of the prerequisites for the Bachelor of Sciences Honors Degree in Media and Society Studies at Midlands State University Gweru, Zimbabwe November 2016 R131284T Page i The representation of Zimbabwean liberation war chronicles in The Sunday Mail and The Patriot MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY P. BAG 9055 TELEPHONE: (263)54-260404/337/667 GWERU FAX: (263) 54-260233/311 ZIMBABWE FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF MEDIA AND SOCIETY STUDIES RELEASE FORM NAME OF AUTHOR DOKOTERA MUNYARADZI DEGREE PROGRAMME BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MEDIA AND SOCIETY STUDIES DEGREE TITLE OF DISSERTATION THE REPRESENTATION OF THE ZIMBABWEAN LIBERATION WAR CHRONICLES IN THE SUNDAY MAIL AND THE PATRIOT YEAR OF AWARD 2016 Permission is hereby granted to the Midlands State University library to produce single copies of this dissertation and to lend or to sell such copies for private, scholarly, or scientific research only. The author does not reserve other publication rights and the dissertation nor may extensive extracts from it be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author's written permission SIGNED:...................................................... DATE:................................................. R131284T Page i The representation of Zimbabwean liberation war chronicles in The Sunday Mail and The Patriot MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY P. BAG 9055 TELEPHONE: (263)54-260404/337/667 GWERU FAX: (263) 54-260233/311 ZIMBABWE FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF MEDIA AND SOCIETY STUDIES APPROVAL FORM This serves to confirm that the undersigned has read and recommended to the Midlands State University for acceptance of a dissertation entitled: THE REPRESENTATION OF THE ZIMBABWEAN LIBERATION WAR CHRONICLES IN THE SUNDAY MAIL AND THE PATRIOT (2013-2016) Submitted by R131284T in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Bachelor of Science in Media and Society Studies Honours Degree. SUPERVISOR..................................................... Date/Stamp............................................. CHAIRPERSON.................................................. Date/Stamp............................................. LIBRARIAN....................................................... Date/Stamp.............................................. R131284T Page ii The representation of Zimbabwean liberation war chronicles in The Sunday Mail and The Patriot DECLARATIONS I, Dokotera Munyaradzi, sincerely declare that this dissertation is my original work and has not been previously submitted to any other university. Proper citations and acknowledgements in line with the copyright and ethical requirements have been strictly adhered to in writing this text. Signed by …………………………………………………………………… Date …………………………………………………………………… R131284T Page iii The representation of Zimbabwean liberation war chronicles in The Sunday Mail and The Patriot ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere gratitude goes to my supervisor Dr Caven Masuku whose expertise and contributed immensely to the fulfillment of all the stages of this dissertation. I thank my parents for being the great mentors they are, role models and prayer warriors who believed in me from day one. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all the respondents who participated in my survey. Most importantly let it be known that God Almighty is the light that shines on our path in this life and beyond, all knowledge is rested in him, our shield and strength. R131284T Page iv The representation of Zimbabwean liberation war chronicles in The Sunday Mail and The Patriot DEDICATION I dedicate this dissertation to my loving family which ever supported me with their unwavering love and prayers through my academic journey. R131284T Page v The representation of Zimbabwean liberation war chronicles in The Sunday Mail and The Patriot ABSTRACT This research set out to explore the role played by The Sunday Mail and The Patriot in the framing of the Liberation war chronicles from 2015 to 2016 respectively. The main argument of this research is that the two newspapers partially represent all political parties in their reportage of the Liberation war chronicles due to political obligation to the ruling party ZANU-PF. The study assessed the effects of ownership, control and funding mechanism of The Sunday Mail and The Patriot on news reportage of the Liberation war chronicles. The study was guided by the following theories consisting of the representation theory, framing theory and agenda setting theory. The study breached a gap in the exploration of the underlying problem of political interference in the media’s role to freely and fairly promote national identity and nationhood. The study implored the qualitative research paradigm as the study was purely qualitative in nature. Thus the study utilized qualitative content analysis and critical discourse analysis through sampling to identify the appropriate participants for interviews, focus groups and archival material to be used in the study. The study found out in general that The Sunday Mail and The Patriot newspapers proved their loyalty and allegiance to the ruling party ZANU-PF in supporting the political ideologies of the Mugabe regime for a one party state. This explained the one-sided and biased news reportage of the Liberation war chronicles and misconceptions of the societal perception of contemporary political and economic issues. R131284T Page vi The representation of Zimbabwean liberation war chronicles in The Sunday Mail and The Patriot ACRONYMS AIPPA Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act GPA Global Political Agreement GNU Government of National Unity LOMA Law and Order Maintenance Act MDC-T Movement for Democratic Change – Team OSA Official Secret Act POSA Public Order and Security Act ZAMPS Zimbabwe All Media Products Survey ZARF Zimbabwe Advertising Research Foundation ZANU PF Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front ZAPU Zimbabwe African People’s Union ZMMT Zimbabwe Mass Media Trust ZANLA Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army ZMA Zimbabwe Military Army ZHT Zimbabwe Heritage Trust ZIMASSET Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable and Socio-Economic Transformation R131284T Page vii The representation of Zimbabwean liberation war chronicles in The Sunday Mail and The Patriot TABLE OF CONTENTS RELEASE FORM ............................................................................................................................ i APPROVAL FORM ....................................................................................................................... ii DECLARATIONS ......................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iv DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................ v ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... vi ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................ vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. viii CHAPTER 1 .................................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background to the study ........................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Problem Statement .................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Significance of Study ................................................................................................................ 5 1.5 Objectives of the Study ............................................................................................................. 5 1.6 Main Research Question ........................................................................................................... 6 1.7 Assumptions .............................................................................................................................. 6 1.8 Delimitations ............................................................................................................................. 7 1.9 Limitations ................................................................................................................................ 7 1.10 Structure of the study .............................................................................................................. 8 1.11 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • World Bank Document
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 2 DOING BUSINESS 2008 TABLE 1.1 The top 10 reformers in 2006/07 Starting Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading across Enforcing Closing a Economy a business licenses workers property credit investors taxes borders contracts business Egypt 3 3 3 3 3 Croatia 3 3 3 3 Ghana 3 3 3 3 3 Macedonia, FYR 3 3 3 Georgia 3 3 3 3 3 3 Colombia 3 3 3 Saudi Arabia 3 3 3 Kenya 3 3 3 3 China 3 3 3 Bulgaria 3 3 3 Note: Economies are ranked on the number and impact of reforms. First, Doing Business selects the economies that reformed in 3 or more of the Doing Business topics. Second, it ranks these economies on the increase in rank on the ease of doing business from the previous year. The larger the improvement, the higher the ranking as a reformer. Source: Doing Business database. 13 countries saw new governments sworn in. Earlier Croatia is the runner-up, with reforms in 4 of the analysis suggests that the region might experience a Doing Business areas. Two years ago registering a prop- reform boom next year, as nearly 85% of reforms take erty in Croatia took 956 days. Now it takes 174. Croatia place in the first 15 months of a new government.1 also sped company start-up, consolidating procedures Egypt is the top reformer for 2006/07, improving at the one-stop shop and allowing pension and health in 5 of the 10 areas studied by Doing Business (table services registration online.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Urban Poverty: Setting the Agenda
    GLOBAL URBAN POVER Comparative Urban Studies Project GLOBAL URBAN POVERTY SETTING THE AGENDA TY : SETTING THE AGENDA CONTRIBUTORS Victor Barbiero, Anne Line Dalsgaard, Diane Davis, Edesio Fernandes, Karen Tranberg Hansen, Arif Hasan, Loren B. Landau, Gordon McGranahan, Diana Mitlin, Richard Stren, Karen Valentin, Vanessa Watson This publication is made possible through support provided by the Urban Programs Team of the Office of Poverty Reduction in the Bureau of Economic Growth, Agriculture and Trade, U.S. Agency for International Development under the terms of the Cooperative Agreement No. GEW-A-00-02-00023-00. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not nec- essarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development or the Woodrow Wilson Center. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Comparative Urban Studies Program Edited by ALLISON M. GARLAND, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W. Washington, DC 20004 Tel. (202) 691-4000 Fax (202) 691-4001 MEJGAN MASSOUMI www.wilsoncenter.org and BLAIR A. RUBLE GLOBAL URBAN POVERTY: SETTING THE AGENDA Edited by Allison M. Garland, Mejgan Massoumi and Blair A. Ruble WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, established by Congress in 1968 and headquartered in Washington, D.C., is a living national memorial to President Wilson. The Center’s mission is to commemorate the ideals and concerns of Woodrow Wilson by providing a link between the worlds of ideas and policy, while fostering research, study, discussion, and col- laboration among a broad spectrum of individuals concerned with policy and scholarship in national and international affairs.
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage Constructs”
    “REPRESENTATION AND USE OF INDIGENOUS HERITAGE CONSTRUCTS” Implications for the quality and relevance of heritage education in post colonial southern Africa A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY EDUCATION: ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION of RHODES UNIVERSITY by CRYTON ZAZU Supervisors: Professor Heila Lotz-Sisitka and Professor Rob O’ Donoghue DECEMBER 2012 Abstract This study explores representation and use of indigenous heritage constructs with a view to identifying implications thereof for the quality and relevance of heritage education practices in post colonial southern Africa. Framed within a critical hermeneutic research paradigm under-laboured by critical realist ontology, the study was conducted using a multiple case study research design. The data collection protocol was three-phased, starting with a process of contextual profiling, within which insights were gained into discourses shaping the constitution and orientation of heritage education practices at the Albany Museum in South Africa, the Great Zimbabwe Monument in Zimbabwe and the Supa Ngwao Museum in Botswana. The second phase of data collection entailed modelling workshops in which educators engaged in discussion around the status of heritage education in post apartheid South Africa. This highlighted, through modelled lessons, some of the tensions, challenges and implications for working with notions of social transformation and inclusivity in heritage education. The third phase of data collection involved in-depth interviews. Twelve purposively selected research participants were interviewed between 2010 and 2011. Data generated across the study was processed and subjected to different levels of critical discourse analysis. Besides noting how heritage education in post colonial southern Africa is poorly framed and under-researched, this study revealed that current forms of representing indigenous heritage constructs are influenced more by socio-political discourses than the need to protect and conserve local heritage resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Kudzai Shava
    School of Sociology and Social Policy University of Leeds Title: HOW AND IN WHAT WAYS CAN WESTERN MODELS OF DISABILITY INFORM AND PROMOTE THE EMPOWERMENT OF DISABLED PEOPLE AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN MAINSTREAM ZIMBABWEAN SOCIETY? Kudzai Shava Submitted for the Degree of Masters of Arts in Disability Studies Date of submission 1 September, 2008 Acknowledgements Words will never adequately express my profound gratitude to Canon Collins Trust, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and University of Leeds for the scholarship they awarded me to successfully do my MA studies at University of Leeds. Needless to say that without this scholarship I would never have even dreamt of getting this fantastic opportunity to gain such wealth of academic experience and skills from this world-class university. I am indebted to all the tutors in the Centre for Disability Studies, especially my personal tutor and supervisor, Dr. Alison Sheldon and the Course Convenor Prof Colin Barnes whose guidance, professionalism and academic prowess will forever be an inspiration in my future academic endeavour. Special thanks also go to the staff in the School of Sociology and Social Policy Office for their unwavering support throughout my studies. I also want to thank the Equality Services and Transcription Centre staff for their support without which my access to materials in appropriate format would have been difficult if not impossible. Lastly, I want to thank all my classmates and friends who made my social and academic experience in this country more comfortable than it could otherwise have been. Abstract The history of people with impairments is generally littered with horrendous and shocking stories of their exclusion, discrimination and even extermination at the hands of a society organized by and for non- disabled people.
    [Show full text]
  • Rundbrief 57
    Vereinigung Schweiz-Zimbabwe Swiss-Zimbabwean Friendship Association Rundbrief / Newsletter Nr. 57, Mai 2011 Editorial Zur Erinnerung Im letzten Editorial im November-Rundbrief schrieb ich, dass die Bevölkerung aufatme, weil die Gewalt weg sei - Jahresversammlung 2011: ein erfreuliches Resultat der gemeinsamen Regierung von Samstag, 25. Juni, in Luzern (s. Einladung) Zanu-PF und MDC. Die relativ friedliche Phase dauerte lei- der nicht lange und heute ist die Gewalt wieder zurück. Friedliche Demonstranten werden von der Polizei ausei- Der Diskussionsprozess zur Erarbeitung einer neuen Ver- nandergetrieben; Leute werden verhaftet und im Gefäng- fassung, auf den die Bevölkerung so grosse Hoffnungen nis gefoltert; Versammlungen werden von der Polizei ge- setzte, ist nie richtig in Gang gekommen und von Zanu- stört und die TeilnehmerInnen verhaftet. PF sogar aktiv behindert worden. Viele Organisationen der Zivilgesellschaft verlangen nun die Aufnahme dieses Nach zwei Jahren gemeinsamer Regierung ist die Ernüch- Prozesses. Und für alle ist klar, dass Wahlen erst nach terung gross. MDC-Führer und Premierminister Morgan Abschluss der Verfassungsreform durchgeführt werden Tsvangirai sagte in einer Rede am 15. Februar, dass kein dürfen, auch wenn Mugabe auf die rasche Durchfüh- einziger der 23 Punkte der gemeinsamen Regierungser- rung von Wahlen drängt. Dieser Ansicht ist auch Südaf- klärung bis jetzt umgesetzt wurde. Trotzdem sieht er rikas Präsident Jacob Zuma, von der SADC eingesetzter auch positive Seiten der gemeinsamen Regierung. Diese Vermittler zwischen MDC und Zanu-PF. Viele hoffen, habe Stabilität gebracht, die Wirtschaft sei angekurbelt dass SADC und Zuma einen Weg aus der verfahrenen Si- worden, Schulen, Spitäler und Verwaltung hätten die Ar- tuation finden. beit wieder aufgenommen und in die Infrastruktur sei wieder investiert worden.
    [Show full text]
  • ZIMBABWE 2012 Millennium Development Goals Progress Report ZIMBABWE 2012
    Ministry of Economic Planning and Investment Promotion P. Bag CY 7772, Causeway Harare, United Nations Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Zimbabwe www.mepip.gov.zw United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Block 10, Arundel Office Park, Norfolk Road, Mount Pleasant, Harare, 2012 ZIMBABWE Zimbabwe Tel: +263 4 338 836-44, Fax: +263 4 338 294 www.undp.org.zw ZIMBABWE 2012 Millennium Development Goals Progress Report Millennium Development Goals Progress Report GoalsMillennium Development Progress ZIMBABWE 2012 Millennium Development Goals Progress Report United Nations Zimbabwe Zimbabwe ZIMBABWE • 2012 • MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS PROGRESS REPORT 1 Photo courtesy Lisa Orrenius © 2 ZIMBABWE • 2012 • MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS PROGRESS REPORT CONTENTS Foreword ........................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... 5 Acronyms ......................................................................................................................... 6 Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... 8 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 13 Zimbabwe Development Context ...................................................................................... 14 GOAL 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger
    [Show full text]
  • Faculty of Humanities, Development and Social
    FACULTY OF HUMANITIES, DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCES SADC MEDIATION IN ZIMBABWE: LOST OPPORTUNITY FOR LASTING SOLUTION TO THE ZIMBABWE CRISIS By Petra Rumbidzai Chinyere Student No: 217077803 Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree, Doctor of Philosophy in Conflict Transformation and Peace Studies, School of Social Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban. Supervisor: Dr. Rudigi Rukema Joseph SEPTEMBER 2020 DECLARATION I, Ms Petra R. Chinyere, declare as follows: 1. That the work described in this thesis has not been submitted to UKZN or other tertiary institution for purposes of obtaining an academic qualification, whether by myself or any other party. 2. That my contribution to the project was as follows: - The write up of the whole thesis. - Documentary search and all desk work. - Conducting all of the key informant interviews and all one-on-one interviews and also some of the Focus Group Discussions - All the transcription of audio recordings to typed work for data capture. - Funded the field research on my own as it was purely for academic purposes. 3. That the contributions of others to the project were as follows: - Norman Pinduka conducted one (1) focus group discussion in Harare and assisted partly on data capture as he transcribed the focus group discussion that he conducted. He also helped identify some of the respondents to the in-depth interviews that were conducted. - Tarisayi Chiyaka conducted 3 of the focus group discussions during data collection, in Bulawayo, Gweru and Masvingo. - Kilbride Kajengo did the type setting of the whole document and formatting. Signed Date 25-09-2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation in Zimbabwe.Indd
    CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT, ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION IN ZIMBABWE CASE STUDIES FROM ZIMBABWE’S URBAN AND RURAL AREAS Climate Change Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation in Zimbabwe Case Studies From Zimbabwe’s Urban and Rural Areas 2 Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung www.kas.de/simbabwe Climate Change Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation in Zimbabwe Case Studies From Zimbabwe’s Urban and Rural Areas Copyright © 2021 Kefasi Nyikahadzoi and Lindah Mhlanga English editorial by Professor Zifi kile Makwavarara Edited by : Kefasi Nyikahadzoi and Lindah Mhlanga PUBLISHED BY 26 Sandringham Drive - Alexandra Park P.O. Box 4325 Harare, Zimbabwe [email protected] | +263 242 744602 DESIGN ILLUSTRATIONS & LAYOUT OnaDsgn [email protected] | www.onadsgn.com Climate Change Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation in Zimbabwe Case Studies From Zimbabwe’s Urban and Rural Areas All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer, who may quote brief passages in a review. i Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung www.kas.de/simbabwe Climate Change Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation in Zimbabwe Case Studies From Zimbabwe’s Urban and Rural Areas Contributors Chapungu Lazarus is a PhD. holder and a Lecturer at the School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe. His research interests include climate change mitigation, impacts and responses, with a bias towards ecosystem responses to climate change. Chikodzi David is an Associate Professor and a Lecturer in the Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of the Nationalisation Threat on Zimbabwe’S Economy
    Corporate Ownership & Control / Volume 12, Issue 1, 2014, Continued - 1 THE IMPACT OF THE NATIONALISATION THREAT ON ZIMBABWE’S ECONOMY Patricia Lindelwa Makoni* Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the likely impact that the proposed agenda of nationalisation of foreign-owned business in Zimbabwe, by implementing the Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment Act, would have on the economy in the country. Nationalisation of foreign-owned businesses comes on the back of the disastrous Fast-Track Land Reform Programme which had sought to give land to the black majority in the country. The results of the study show that foreign investors were shaken by the announcement of nationalisation of all foreign-owned firms, including banks and mines. Most foreign investors adopted a “wait and see” attitude since the nature of their investment was mainly resource-seeking FDI, and they could therefore not remove their fixed, immovable assets from the country. With the economy still trying to recover from earlier declines in economic activity, it is recommended that the Government revises the Indigenisation Act in order to ensure FDI inflows continue to be attracted into the country, in a bid to stabilise and further grow the economy. Keywords: FDI, Nationalisation, Expropriation, Indigenisation, Zimbabwe *Lecturer in the Department of Finance, Banking and Risk Management at the University of South Africa (UNISA) Address: P.O. Box 392, UNISA, 0003, South Africa Tel: +27767538234 Email: [email protected], [email protected]. 1 Introduction access to the High Court to determine the amount of compensation.” (Zimlii.org, Undated). For many years, Zimbabwe was run by the British In essence, this was assurance to both the under the leadership of Ian Smith.
    [Show full text]
  • " in Their Own Voices". a Participatory Research Project with Black
    “In their own voices”. A Participatory Research Project with Black Zimbabwean Women in Greater Cincinnati A dissertation submitted to the Division of Research and Advanced Studies of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTORATE OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D.) In the School of Human Services of the College of Education, Criminal Justice and Human Services 2014 by Florence Nyemba B.A. (Honors), Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe 2006 M.A., Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 2009 Committee Chair: Dr. Lisa Vaughn Abstract This study explored the migration experiences of Black Zimbabwean women living in the Greater Cincinnati area. The deteriorating economic and political environment in Zimbabwe has resulted in the United States becoming a favorite destination for Zimbabwean immigrant women. Tracing the history of Zimbabwe indicated that migration used to be male dominated with women remaining at home waiting for remittances from their husbands. The mid 1990s experienced a shift in the migration trend with women responding to the deteriorating political and economic climate in Zimbabwe. The study indicated a greater degree of independence among Zimbabwean immigrant women. Even those women who indicated that they migrated with their husbands, the decisions to migrate were made together as a couple. In spite of the increased Zimbabwean women population in the United States, their migration experiences have not been integrated in migration literature making this dissertation a comprehensive study about their lived experiences. Feminization of migration, two feminist theories; African Feminism and Africana Womanism, and migration concepts; Multiculturalism, Acculturation and Assimilation provided the framework to guide the study.
    [Show full text]
  • In Zimbabwean Films in Shona and English
    LANGUAGE CENSORSHIP IN SELECTED ZIMBABWEAN FILMS IN SHONA AND ENGLISH by URTHER RWAFA submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY in the subject AFRICAN LANGUAGES at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PROMOTER: PROF DE. MUTASA JOINT-PROMOTER: PROF MT. VAMBE JUNE 2012 DECLARATION Student Number: 4590-497-9 I declare that Language Censorship in Selected Zimbabwean films in Shona and English is my own work and that the sources I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. ………………. …………… Signature Date i SUMMARY The aim of this study was to explore language censorship in Zimbabwean films in Shona and English. The study concentrated on the themes of politics, culture and economic in the genre of the documentary, feature and short film genres. It was demonstrated that the Zimbabwean laws enabled authorities to impose censorship strategies that ranged from banning, restriction, persecution of filmmakers, withdrawal of films from circulation, and threats of withdrawal of permits of film retailers. These visible, direct and banal forms of censorship have forced some filmmakers to flee the country. Most of the filmmakers who have remained in the country have been forced to deal with themes that appear harmless to the state. This state induced form of self-censorship on the filmmakers has resulted in the production of uncritical, and unreflective films whose staple diet were embedded in cultural stereotypes. The study argued that language is a signifying practice that cannot be interpreted in a single direction. Thus, despite these realities of film censorship some filmmakers deliberately encoded or used verbal and visual film language that generated surplus meanings with which the films could be re-read in ways that reveal new linguistic strategies to evade and challenge both the restrictive censorship laws as well as criticise the undemocratic political culture that has taken root in Zimbabwe.
    [Show full text]
  • Power, Politics, and Violence in Post- Colonial Africa. a Comparative Study of Electoral Violence in Kenya, Nigeria and Zimbabwe 1960-2008
    Power, Politics, and Violence in Post- Colonial Africa. A Comparative Study of Electoral Violence in Kenya, Nigeria and Zimbabwe 1960-2008. Candidate: Michelle René Small Candidate Number: 9902206X Supervisor: Dr Jacqueline De Matos-Ala Submitted in fulfillment of the academic requirements towards a degree in Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in International Relations, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, December 2017. 1 Student Declaration This is to certify that this thesis has been prepared by: Michelle René Small Candidate number 9902206X towards the degree of: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in International Relations Entitled: Power, Politics and Electoral Violence in Post-Colonial Africa: A Comparative Study of Electoral Violence in Kenya, Nigeria and Zimbabwe 1960 – 2008. It is the candidate’s own unaided work. No part of this thesis has been copied, plagiarized or cited without due acknowledgement. Signature: Date: 18/12/17 2 Dedication For my parents. 3 Acknowledgements It has been a very long and bumpy PhD road! Very special thanks must go to my supervisor and colleague, Dr Jacqueline De Matos Ala for getting me over the finish line. Your unwavering patience and belief in me over the past 14 years has kept me from veering off the academic path. Thank you. To Professor John Stremlau, thank you for your continued mentorship, belief and support. Thanks also to a number of colleagues for making sure this thesis gets done: Prof Gilbert Khadiagala, Prof Rod Alence, Prof Shahid Vawda, Prof Mucha Musemwa and Prof Ruksana Osman. I could not have completed the fieldwork component of this research without the financial support of the Commonwealth Scholarships Commission, and the earlier academic guidance of Professor Patrick Chabal.
    [Show full text]