Table S1. Seed collection information for the used in this study including the families, species names and their stored seed bank source, seed accession number, location description and habitat notes at the time of collection if available. VCSB denotes Victorian Conservation Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, APB denotes Australian PlantBank, Australian Botanic Garden Mount Annan.

Seed Decimal source / Accession Location Habitat notes if Decimal Species Longitud collection Number description available Latitude e year Substrate: brown gravelly loam. Alpine herbfield. Associated species include: Kunzea muelleri, Grevillea australis, VIC, Alpine Orites lancifolia, National Park. Melicytus sp aff Ozothamnus VCSB Bogong High dentatus, Olearia 2325703 −36.8767 147.2408 alpinus 2016 Plains. Near the frostii, summit of Mt Brachyscome McKay. rigidula, Celmisia pugioniformis, Microceris lanceolata, Aciphylla glacialis, Podocarpus lawrencei, Craspedia sp. NSW, Southern Tablelands, Kosciuszko National Park, C. APB −36.43211148.32794 Asteraceae Olearia algida 20110245 150 metres along 2011 1 4 service trail to Mt Kosciuszko from Charlotte Pass car park. NSW, Southern Tablelands, Kosciuszko National Park, East APB side of road,1.6 km −36.42980148.34416 Epacris glacialis 20100182 2010 above Spencers 6 7 Creek on the Kosciuszko Road towards Charlotte Pass NSW, Central Tablelands, Kanangra Boyd National Park, C. APB −33.97027 Ericaceae Epacris paludosa 20110080 100 metres 150.05575 2011 8 downstream (west) from road crossing of Boyd River (aka Morong Creek) VIC, Yarra Ranges Substrate: brown Epacris VCSB National Park. At peaty loam. Moist Ericaceae 2296687 −37.4883 145.8819 petrophila 2008 Echo Flat Lake alpine heath. Mountain. Associated 1

species include: Leionema phylicifolia, Prostanthera cuneata, Viola betonicifolia, Ozothamnus sp. 1, Olearia algida, Asterolasia trymalioides, Baeckea gunniana, various grasses and sedges. VIC, Alpine National Park. Bogong High Plains. Beside Pentachondra VCSB Alpine herbfield 147.28777 Ericaceae 2364003 walking track to −36.9075 pumila 2013 on brown clay. 8 Cope Creek about 400 metres from the Bogong High Plains Road. Open Snow Gum Richea VCSB Mount Baw Baw, woodland with 146.29166 Ericaceae 2384931 −37.82916 continentis 2015 Phillack Saddle. Richea dominated 7 understorey. Substrate: dark brown peaty soil. Growing in Snow Gum woodland amongst tall heath. Associated species: VIC, Lake Eucalyptus Mountain Alpine pauciflora, VCSB Reserve. At Echo Fabaceae Hovea montana 2296422 Ozothamnus sp. 1, −37.49 145.8819 2007 Flat about 1 km Leionema from Gerratys car phylicifolium, park. Olearia algida, Orites lancifolia, Viola betonicifolia ssp betonicifolia, Scaevola hookeri, Prostanthera cuneata. VIC, Alpine Subalpine rocky Oxylobium VCSB National Park, Fabaceae 2388738 /mallee −37.36166 146.84 ellipticum 2016 Neilsons Crag (The scrub. Watchtower) Alluvial sandy loam. Dense subalpine tall heathland. Associated species: VIC, Echo Flat, Eucalyptus Prostanthera VCSB Lake Mountain pauciflora, Lamiaceae 2280907 −37.4914 145.8803 cuneata 2006 about 1 km from Leionema Gerattys car park. phylicifolium, Ozothamnus secundiflorus, Podolobium alpestre, Orites lancifolia, Ozothamnus sp. 1,

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Leptinella filicula, Viola betonicifolia ssp betonicifolia, Stylidium armeria, Richea continentis.

NSW, Southern Tablelands, Kosciuszko APB National Park, C.2 −36.05108148.52166 Myrtaceae Kunzea muelleri 20110101 2011 km east of Happy 3 7 Jack's Plain on Happy Jack's Road. TAS, Central Highlands, 5.4 km Pimelea APB north of Guildford 145.58333 Thymaleaceae ligustrina subsp. 860694 −41.4 1986 Junction on 3 ciliata Murchison Highway. NSW, Southern Tablelands, C. 600 m west of Old Melicytus APB −35.99861148.74694 Violaceae 20070071 Adaminaby dentatus 2007 1 4 turnoff on Snowy Mountains Highway. Brown mountain loam. Tall mountain . Associated species: Eucalyptus delegatensis, Nothofagus cunninghamii, Acacia VIC, Blue Range obliquinervia, Tasmannia Rd at the Storm VCSB Leptospermum Winteraceae xerophila subsp. 2280911 Creek crossing. −37.4378 145.8047 2006 grandifolium, xerophila About 10 km NNE Senecio gunnii, of Marysville. Derwentia derwentiana ssp derwentiana, Ozothamnus secundiflorus, Pultenaea muelleri, Polystichum proliferum, Stylidium armeria, Viola eminens.

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