PROGRAM OF THE CONFERENCE Proceedings of the International Conference Wednesday, September 26 Thursday, September 27 Friday, September 28 9.00 Opening 9.00 A. A. Starobinsky 9.00 A. D. A. M. Spallicci Cosmology on Small Scales 2018 9.15 P. Kroupa 9.45 L. Marochnik 9.45L. Bratek 10.00 M. López-Corredoira 10.30 Coffee Break 10.30 Coffee Break Dark Matter Problem and Selected COSMOLOGY ON SMALL SCALES 2018 10.45 Coffee Break 10.55 Y. V. Dumin 11.00 A. Maeder 11.15 S. Capozziello 11.15 S. J. Roblez-Perez 12.00 P. Magain Controversies in Cosmology 12.00 M. S. Pawlowski 12.00 K. Morawetz 12.15 Lunch Break 12.20 Lunch Break 12.20 Lunch Break 14.00 S. McGaugh 14.00 F. Lelli 14.00 B. Famaey 14.45 O. Tsupko Prague, September 26–29, 2018 14.45 I. Goldman 14.45 I. Karachentsev 15.15 T. Prevenslik 15.30 W. Oehm 15.30 L. Makarova 15.30 R. J. Wojtak 16.00 D. Makarov 15.45 A. Mészáros 15.50 Coffee Break Edited by 16.20 J. Dabringhausen 16.30 Coffee Break 16.00 Coffee Break 16.40 M. Haslbauer 17.00 A. Maeder 16.30 Short Michal Křížek and Yurii V. Dumin 17.00 Y. V. Dumin Communications 17.20 M. Feldman 17.40 E. J. Lerner 18.00 M. Křížek Saturday, September 29 9.00 – 12.00 Excursion to the astronomical and cosmological sights of Prague Prague’s Horologe: Cosmological model from the 15th cen- tury ISBN 978-80-85823-68-4 Institute of Mathematics Czech Academy of Sciences 9 788085 823684 Proceedings of the International Conference COSMOLOGY ON SMALL SCALES 2018 Dark Matter Problem and Selected Controversies in Cosmology Prague, September 26–29, 2018 Edited by Michal Kˇr´ıˇzek and Yurii V. Dumin Institute of Mathematics Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 2018 ISBN 978-80-85823-68-4 Institute of Mathematics Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 2018 LATEX typesetting prepared by Hana B´ılkov´a Dedicated to Prof. Lawrence Somer on his 70th birthday CONTENTS Preface ............................................ .......................7 M. Kˇr´ıˇzek Seven decades of Professor Lawrence Somer . .................9 M. Lopez-Corredoira Problems with the dark matter and dark energy hypotheses, and alternative ideas ............................................... ......................14 W. Oehm, P. Kroupa Constraints on the existence of dark matter haloes by the M81 group and the Hickson compact groups of galaxies ........................ ...............30 Y. V. Dumin Can the dark-matter deficit in the high-redshift galaxies explain the persistent discrepancy in Hubble constants? ......................... ...............41 I.D. Karachentsev, K.N. Telikova Stellar and dark matter density in the local universe . ..........46 L.N. Makarova, D.I. Makarov, A.V. Antipova, I.D. Karachentsev, R. B. Tully Dwarf satellites in the Local Universe: insights to the cosmology . .......63 D.I. Makarov, N.A. Zaitseva, D.V. Bizyaev Multiparametric Tully-Fisher relation for late type edge-on galaxies . ......75 M. Kˇr´ıˇzek, A. M´esz´aros Classification of distances in cosmology . .............92 P. Kroupa, J. Zd’´arsk´aˇ Following the evolution of stars, globular clusters and spiral galaxies .....119 I. Goldman Primordial cosmic turbulence: generation and implications . ......127 Y. V. Dumin Cosmological inflation from the quantum-mechanical uncertainty relation ................................................... .......................136 5 S. J. Robles-Perez Effects of inter-universal entanglement on the state of the early universe ................................................... .......................143 O. Tsupko Analytical investigation of black hole shadow . ..........157 Alternative cosmological theories M. Kˇr´ıˇzek, L. Somer Neglected gravitational redshift in detections of gravitational waves ......173 P. Vor´aˇcek Possible common solution to the problems of dark energy and dark matter in the Universe ......................................... ...................180 F. Lassiaille Surrounding matter theory ............................. .................204 List of participants .................................... ..................229 Conference program .................................. ...................237 6 Preface Whoever claims to understand cosmology only proves he has not understood anything at all. Anton´ın Vrba (Paraphrased quotation of Richard Feynman) According to the standard cosmological model, our Universe needs a significant amount of dark matter, about six times more than that of the usual baryonic matter, besides an even larger amount of dark energy. But to date, both dark matter and dark energy have remained conceptually elusive, without concrete evidence based on direct physical measurements. Yet another subtle issue is that the Friedmann equation – the cornerstone of modern cosmology – was derived from the system of ten Einstein’s equations applied to a perfectly symmetric universe, which is homogeneous and isotropic for every fixed time instant. So, the question is whether one can perform such excessive extrapolations and, in particular, at which scale the effect of Hubble expansion is manifested. Therefore, it is timely to gather specialists from different disciplines – ranging from galaxy evolution to planetology and from empirical statistics to quantum field theory – to discuss the problem of existence and observable manifestations of dark matter and dark energy at various scales (particularly, in our local cosmic neighbor- hood), both from the theoretical and observational points of view. To bring more light into these topics, we decided to organize the International Conference Cosmol- ogy on Small Scales 2018: Dark Matter Problem and Selected Controversies in Cos- mology. It was held at the Institute of Mathematics of the Czech Academy of Sciences in Zitn´a25,ˇ Prague 1, from 26 to 29 September 2018 (see css2018.math.cas.cz). This was a continuation of our previous conference Cosmology on Small Scales 2016: Local Hubble Expansion and Selected Controversies in Cosmology, which took place two years ago (see css2016.math.cas.cz). The main topics of the new conference “Cosmology on Small Scales 2018” were: mathematical aspects of cosmological phenomena at various scales; arguments for and against dark matter, and revisiting the foundations of physics; alternative mod- els for dark matter and dark energy; a systematic discord in the value of the Hub- ble constant at various scales; complementary redshifts of non-cosmological nature; quantum effects on the early universe and their observational imprints nowadays. In particular, in these Proceedings we present several papers showing that the claimed amount of dark matter can be a result of vast overestimation and does not conform to reality. In fact, only a fraction of the presented reports is included into these Proceedings; another part has been already published elsewhere, and their authors preferred to avoid duplicate publication. At the end of the Proceedings, there are several papers on “alternative cosmological theories”. Although they may be questionable and 7 the Scientific Committee is not responsible for their content, we believe that it is reasonable to present them to the wide audience. The Scientific Committee consisted of Dr. Yurii Dumin (Moscow State University & Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia) Prof. Itzhak Goldman (Afeka College, Israel) Prof. Igor Karachentsev (Special Astrophysical Observatory of RAS, Russia) Prof. Jaroslav Klokoˇcn´ık(Astronomical Institute of CAS, Czech Republic) Prof. Sergei Kopeikin (University of Missouri, USA) Prof. Pavel Kroupa (University of Bonn, Germany) Prof. Andr´eMaeder (Geneva Observatory, Switzerland) Assoc. Prof. Attila M´esz´aros (Charles University, Czech Republic) Prof. Marek Nowakowski (Universidad de los Andes, Colombia) Prof. Jan Palouˇs(Astronomical Institute of CAS, Czech Republic) Prof. Alessandro Spallicci (University of Orleans, CNRS, France) Local Organizing Committee consisted of Prof. Michal Kˇr´ıˇzek — Chair (Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic) Dr. Yurii Dumin — Vice-Chair (Moscow State University & Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia) Assoc. Prof. Tom´aˇsVejchodsk´y(Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic) Hana B´ılkov´a(Institute of Computer Science of CAS, Czech Republic) The Local Organizing Committee is deeply grateful to all authors for their con- tributions and the support of RVO 67985840 (Institute of Mathematics of the Czech Academy of Sciences). Out sincere thanks go also to all active members of the Cos- mological Section of the Czech Astronomical Society for their continual help. Finally, we are indebted to Hana B´ılkov´afor technical assistance in the final typesetting and Tom´aˇsVejchodsk´yfor his helpful cooperation. These Proceedings can be downloaded from the website: http://users.math.cas.cz/∼krizek/list.html Michal Kˇr´ıˇzek and Yurii V. Dumin 8 Conference Cosmology on Small Scales 2018 Michal Kˇr´ıˇzekand Yurii Dumin (Eds.) Institute of Mathematics CAS, Prague SEVEN DECADES OF PROFESSOR LAWRENCE SOMER Michal Kˇr´ıˇzek Institute of Mathematics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zitn´a25,ˇ CZ-115 67 Prague 1, Czech Republic, [email protected] We do not count a man's years, until he has nothing else to count. Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1803{1882 Days, hours, minutes, seconds, . how many of them are there? A man full of scientific idealism arose from a boy. He established his direction of research and set off on a journey to find the unknown. He lived, worked, and published. His knowledge and experience reached a very high level. He has a large range of vision, bird's-eye view, and clearly sees all circumstances. He knows how and