DOCSLIB.ORG

Evaluation of Nematophagous Fungi Dactylaria Brochopaga and Arthrobotrys Dactyloides Against Meloidogyne Incognita Infesting Peanut Plants Under Field Conditions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evaluation of Nematophagous Fungi Dactylaria Brochopaga and Arthrobotrys Dactyloides Against Meloidogyne Incognita Infesting Peanut Plants Under Field Conditions AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGY JOURNAL OF NORTH AMERICA ISSN Print: 2151-7517, ISSN Online: 2151-7525, doi:10.5251/abjna.2014.5.5.193.197 © 2014, ScienceHuβ, http://www.scihub.org/ABJNA Evaluation of Nematophagous fungi Dactylaria brochopaga and Arthrobotrys dactyloides against Meloidogyne incognita infesting peanut plants under field conditions Noweer E.M.A.1 and Mona E.M. Al-Shalaby2 1- Nematology Laboratory, plant pathology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. 2- Department of Zoology and Agricutlural Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. ABSTRACT The nematicidal activity of the nematode-trapping fungi Dactylaria brochopaga and Arthrobotrys dactyloides in their compounds named (Dbx-1003) 20% and (Adx-1004) 20% respictevely to control Meloidogyne incognita infesting peanut plant Arachis hypogaea L. CV. Giza 5. were evaluated under field conditions in Egypt. Each compound were added to the soil in two forms once as a liquid using two concentrations 20,40 liter/feddan after germination. And the other treatments were added to the soil as granules around the peanut seed plants at planting time at rates of 100, 200 kg/feddan. A treatment without any addition was used as check treatment. Data indicated two months after application that population densities of M. incognita in soil were significantly reduced in all treatments compared with control, as well as gall formation on peanut roots. The highest reduction in the nematode counts in soil and root galls was recorded with the application of fungus D. brochopaga. Four months after treatments at the end of growing season the percentages reduction were increased espicaialy with using granules of the two fungus. Peanut yield was significantly increased due to the addition of the two fungus to the soil, especially when applied at higher dosage levels. Key Words: Nematode-trapping fungi - Dactylaria brochopaga - Arthrobotrys dactyloides - Meloidogyne incognita – Peanut - Field conditions. INTRODUCTION Monacrosporium bembicode were tested by Duponnois et al., (1997) for their trapping ability Hertz (1992) reported that conidia of Arthrobotrys against Meloidogyne mayaguensis. Most of the oligospora germinated directly into adhesive traps when Arthrobotrys strains and one Dactylaria strain applied close to cow faeces on water agar plates. The decreased development of the nematode in tobacco conidial trap is considered a survival structure enabling plants. They found that the growth of the tobacco the fungus to overcome fungistasis. Traps adhere to the plants was consequently improved this refer to that surface of passing nematodes, could facilitate spread of certain fungi have proper phytostimulant effects by the fungus, before penetrating the nematode cuticle and acting on the soil structure through commensalism immobilization of the nematode take place. The mechanisms with the plant roots. nematophagous A. oligospora which can live saprophytically as well as predatorily, forms sticky The fungus Dactylaria brochopaga proved to be an reticulate traps in the presence of living nematodes effective nematode antagonist and this may be due to kill and consume them (Scholler and Rubner, to the effect on nematodes population larvae through 1994). Timper and Brodie,(1993) found that production of traps which captured the nematode Arthrobotrys dactyloides, A. oligospora, Monacrosporium larvae, dissolving its outer culticle and then digesting ellipsosporim and M. cionopagum, fungi killed most of the inner contents of the victim (Aboul-Eid et al., the Pratylenchus penetrans adults and juveniles added 2002). to the fungus cultures. Arthrobotrys oligospora, A. Conoides, Dactylaria Shelensis, Dactylaria sp. and Agric. Biol. J. N. Am., 2014, 5(5): 193-197 Recently this fungus has been developed and decanting techniques. Root samples were incubated formulated in a compound named, Dbx-1003 (20%). in tap water for 7 days for egg mass hatching. The Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate number of galls on roots was also recorded. The the effects of both nematode-trapping fungi, reduction % of nematode in soil was calculated Arthrobotrys dactyloides and Dactylaria brochopaga in according to Handerson & Tilton formula (Puntener, their compounds named Adx-1004 20% and Dbx -1003 1981). Number of root galls per 5 gm. roots were 20% respectively against the root-knot nematodes M. also determined. At the end of season plants were incognita infecting peanut cv. Giza 5 under field removed and data on plant growth (weights of fruits, conditions in Egypt. shoots,and roots) of peanut were recorded. MATERIAL AND METHODS Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed following standard procedures for analysis of variance. This work was carried out in sandy soil with natural Differences between means were evaluated for infestation of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne significance according to Duncan's New Multiple incognita through the period of May to September Range Test at the 5% and 1% level of probability 2009 in Mansouria village, Giza Governorate, Egypt. using MSTAT Version 4 (1987). The area of the experiment was 1. kirate(175m)for each RESULTS: treatment, the seed of peanut Arachis hypogaea L.CV. Giza 5. were planted in the soil in May 2009. The Effects of the nematode trapping fungi on following treatments were applied to the soil as follows: M.incognita larvae in soil: Numbers of root-knot Dbx-1003 (20%) as a liquid containing Dactylaria nematodes M.incognita larvae before treatment in brochopaga fungi and ADX-1004 (20%) containing May 2009, after tow month in july 2009 at Mid Arthrobotrys dactyloides fungi were applied once to the Season and at end of the growing season in soil at the rate of 1 litre/kirate (20 litre/feddan) and at the September 2009 were recorded in Table 1. Data rate of 2 litre/kirate (40 litre/feddan) these treatments showed that the expression of nematicidal activity were added to the soil around the peanut plants at varied with type of application, concentration and previous two concentrations. The first concentration time of exposure. Two months after treatments in prepared by diluted 1 litre from two liquid component in July 2009 (Mid season) population densities of M. 49 litre of water and the second concentration was incognita in soil were significantly reduced by all prepared by diluted 2 litre from two component in 48 treatments compared with untreated control. As the litre of water, then two concentrations added to the soil reduction percents recorded were 63% and 83% at the rate 25 ml/plant after completely germination with the application of D. brochopaga (Dbx- compontent Dbx-1003 (20%) and ADX-1004 (20%) as 1003)liquid and were 76% and 74% with Dbx-1003 agranules. The spores of two fungus was carried on granules. These percents increased by the end of the vermoculite substrate. Treatments were applied once to growing season where they reached 85% , 93% for the soil at the rate 5kg/kirate (100 kg/feddan) and at 10 liquid form and 92%, 93% for granules form. As for the kg/kirate (200 kg/feddan) and mixed to the soil around fungus A. dactyloides (ADX-1004) the reduction the plants after 15 days from planting. percents recorded in Mid season were 65% and 74% by 1&2 liter concentration respectively for liquid form Untreated plants as check treatments. Each and 79% and 77% by the 5&10 Kg concentration treatment was replicated ten times. All treatments respectively for granules form. On the other hand in the were completely randomized. Also chemical end of the growing season the reduction percents were fertilizers and all other culture ractices were made 77% and 89% by the liquid form 1&2 liter concentration according to the technical recommendations of respectively and 90% and 94% by the granules form peanut growing. Irrigation was executed. Soil 5&10 Kg concentration respectively . samples were taken at three intervals; before adding the tested materials May 2009 (the initial population),Mid season (after two months, July 2009) and the end of growing season (after four months, september 2009). Also root samples were taken in mid season and the end of the growing season. Soil samples were extracted by using sieving and 194 Agric. Biol. J. N. Am., 2014, 5(5): 193-197 Table (1): Effects of D. brochopaga (Dbx-1003) 1 Liter 114 49.2 98 63.2 and A. dactyloides (ADX-1004), a nematode 2 Liter 165 26.5 87 67.3 5 k.g. 88 60.8 62 76.7 trapping fungus on M. incognita Larvae in soil. 10 k.g. 24 80.3 45 83.1 Check 224.5 - 266 - No. of Juveniles/1 kg soil L.S.D. End of the 0.05 45 - 42 - Mid season Treatments Initial growing season 0.01 65 - 67 - population No. of No. of Red. % Red. % No. of galls in treatment J2 J2 Red % = 1- X 100 DBx-1003 No. of galls in check 1 liter 1256 810 63 422 85 2 liter 2120 625 83 316 93 5 k.g. 1930 816 76 344 92 Effects of nematode trapping fungi on peanut 10 k.g. 1410 624 74 218 93 ADX-1004 yield: Besides reducing nematode infestation, the 1 Liter. 2105 1200 65 890 77 biocontrol agents also enhanced the plant growth 2 Liter. 3120 1315 74 624 89 parameters (Table 3). It is evident from the table that 5 k.g. 2875 965 79 535 90 all treatments improved the Shoot and Root fresh 10 k.g. 1870 670 77 214 94 Check 1659 2725 - 3065 - weight of the plant, weight of peanut pods per plant L.S.D. and peanut yield per feddan. 0.05 - 412 - 514 - 0.01 - 624 - 710 - As shwon in Table 3 application of granules form fa two fungi more effective than that of liquid form. No. in treatment after No. in check Reduction % = application before X X 1- No. in treatment No- in 100 Table (3): Effects of D.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Leptographium Wageneri
    Leptographium wageneri back stain root disease Dutch elm disease and Scolytus multistriatus DED caused the death of millions of elms in Europe and North America from around 1920 through the present Dutch Elm Disease epidemics in North America Originally thought one species of Ophiostoma, O. ulmi with 3 different races Now two species are recognized, O. ulmi and O. novo-ulmi, and two subspecies of O. novo-ulmi Two nearly simultaneous introductions in North America and Europe 1920s O. ulmi introduced from Europe, spread throughout NA, but caused little damage to native elm trees either in NA or Europe 1950s, simultaneous introductions of O. novo-ulmi, Great Lakes area of US and Moldova-Ukraine area of Europe. North American and Europe subspecies are considered distinct. 1960 NA race introduced to Europe via Canada. By 1970s much damage to US/Canada elms killed throughout eastern and central USA O. novo-ulmi has gradually replaced O. ulmi in both North America and Europe more fit species replacing a less fit species O. novo-ulmi able to capture greater proportion of resource O. novo-ulmi probably more adapted to cooler climate than O. ulmi During replacement, O. ulmi and O. novo-ulmi occur in close proximity and can hybridize. Hybrids are not competitive, but may allow gene flow from O. ulmi to O. novo-ulmi by introgression: Backcrossing of hybrids of two plant populations to introduce new genes into a wild population Vegetative compatibility genes heterogenic incompatibility multiple loci prevents spread of cytoplasmic viruses O. novo-ulmi arrived as a single vc type, but rapidly acquired both new vc loci AND virus, probably from hybridizing with O.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases in Fungi and Conservation of the Free- 2 Methionine-R-Sulfoxide Reductase in Multicellular Eukaryotes
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.26.433065; this version posted February 27, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Distribution of methionine sulfoxide reductases in fungi and conservation of the free- 2 methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase in multicellular eukaryotes 3 4 Hayat Hage1, Marie-Noëlle Rosso1, Lionel Tarrago1,* 5 6 From: 1Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, UMR1163, INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, 7 Marseille, France. 8 *Correspondence: Lionel Tarrago ([email protected]) 9 10 Running title: Methionine sulfoxide reductases in fungi 11 12 Keywords: fungi, genome, horizontal gene transfer, methionine sulfoxide, methionine sulfoxide 13 reductase, protein oxidation, thiol oxidoreductase. 14 15 Highlights: 16 • Free and protein-bound methionine can be oxidized into methionine sulfoxide (MetO). 17 • Methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msr) reduce MetO in most organisms. 18 • Sequence characterization and phylogenomics revealed strong conservation of Msr in fungi. 19 • fRMsr is widely conserved in unicellular and multicellular fungi. 20 • Some msr genes were acquired from bacteria via horizontal gene transfers. 21 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.26.433065; this version posted February 27, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Nematode-Trapping Cells of Predatory Fungi of the Orbiliaceae Based on Evidence from Rrna-Encoding DNA and Multiprotein Sequences
    Evolution of nematode-trapping cells of predatory fungi of the Orbiliaceae based on evidence from rRNA-encoding DNA and multiprotein sequences Ying Yang†‡, Ence Yang†‡, Zhiqiang An§, and Xingzhong Liu†¶ †Key Laboratory of Systematic Mycology and Lichenology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 3A Datun Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; ‡Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and §Merck Research Laboratories, WP26A-4000, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486-0004 Communicated by Joan Wennstrom Bennett, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, March 27, 2007 (received for review October 28, 2006) Among fungi, the basic life strategies are saprophytism, parasitism, These trapping devices all capture nematodes by means of an and predation. Fungi in Orbiliaceae (Ascomycota) prey on animals adhesive layer covering part or all of the device surfaces. The by means of specialized trapping structures. Five types of trapping constricting ring (CR), the fifth and most sophisticated trapping devices are recognized, but their evolutionary origins and diver- device (Fig. 1D) captures prey in a different way. When a gence are not well understood. Based on comprehensive phylo- nematode enters a CR, the three ring cells are triggered to swell genetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of three protein-coding rapidly inwards and firmly lasso the victim within 1–2 sec. genes (RNA polymerase II subunit gene, rpb2; elongation factor 1-␣ Phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal RNA gene sequences indi- ␣ gene, ef1- ; and ß tubulin gene, bt) and ribosomal DNA in the cates that fungi possessing the same trapping device are in the internal transcribed spacer region, we have demonstrated that the same clade (3, 8–11).
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Characteristics and Adhesion Activity of a Novel Protein ADP1 of Arthrobotrys Oligospora to Nematodes
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY ISSN Print: 1560–8530; ISSN Online: 1814–9596 20–1468/2021/25–6–1249–1254 DOI: 10.17957/IJAB/15.1786 http://www.fspublishers.org Full Length Article Molecular Characteristics and Adhesion Activity of a Novel Protein ADP1 of Arthrobotrys oligospora to Nematodes Li Jie1†, Chen Shuangqing1†, Li Zhiyuan1†, Wang Lixia1, Shang Yunxia1, Gong Shasha1, Xiao Chencheng1, Zhang Kai1, Zhang Xingxing2, Cai Xuepeng3, Qiao Jun1 and Meng Qingling1* 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, P. R. China 2Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Research, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, P. R. China 3State Key Lab of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, P. R. China *For correspondence: [email protected] †Contributed equally to this work and are co-first authors Received 15 October 2020; Accepted 02 March 2021; Published 10 May 2021 Abstract Adhesion is a crucial step for nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) predating nematodes. To investigate the function of a novel protein ADP1 in nematode-trapping process, ADP1 gene of a representative NTF-Arthrobotrys oligospora was cloned and the molecular characteristics of this protein were analyzed. Then, the GFP chimeric ADP1 (ADP1-GFP) was generated in a GFP expression vector and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and the recombinant ADP1-GFP (reADP1-GFP) was purified. Incubation of reADP1-GFP with J3 larvae of Caenorhabditis elegans and Haemonchus contortus showed that reADP1-GFP could adhere nematodes with the strongest adhesion ability at 25°C, while the reADP1-GFP treated by trypsin completely lost the adhesion ability.
    [Show full text]
  • Castor, Pollux and Life Histories of Fungi'
    Mycologia, 89(1), 1997, pp. 1-23. ? 1997 by The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126 Issued 3 February 1997 Castor, Pollux and life histories of fungi' Donald H. Pfister2 1982). Nonetheless we have been indulging in this Farlow Herbarium and Library and Department of ritual since the beginning when William H. Weston Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard (1933) gave the first presidential address. His topic? University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Roland Thaxter of course. I want to take the oppor- tunity to talk about the life histories of fungi and especially those we have worked out in the family Or- Abstract: The literature on teleomorph-anamorph biliaceae. As a way to focus on the concepts of life connections in the Orbiliaceae and the position of histories, I invoke a parable of sorts. the family in the Leotiales is reviewed. 18S data show The ancient story of Castor and Pollux, the Dios- that the Orbiliaceae occupies an isolated position in curi, goes something like this: They were twin sons relationship to the other members of the Leotiales of Zeus, arising from the same egg. They carried out which have so far been studied. The following form many heroic exploits. They were inseparable in life genera have been studied in cultures derived from but each developed special individual skills. Castor ascospores of Orbiliaceae: Anguillospora, Arthrobotrys, was renowned for taming and managing horses; Pol- Dactylella, Dicranidion, Helicoon, Monacrosporium, lux was a boxer. Castor was killed and went to the Trinacrium and conidial types that are referred to as being Idriella-like.
    [Show full text]
  • Survey of Nematophagous Fungi in South Africa
    Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 72:185–187 (2005) RESEARCH COMMUNICATION Survey of nematophagous fungi in South Africa D.T. DURAND1*, H.M. BOSHOFF2, L.M. MICHAEL3 and R.C. KRECEK4 ABSTRACT DURAND, D.T., BOSHOFF, H.M., MICHAEL, L.M. & KRECEK, R.C. 2005. Survey of nematophagous fungi in South Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 72:185–187 Three hundred and eighty-four samples of leaf litter, soil, faeces from domestic and game animals, compost and aqueous cultures of infective nematode larvae contaminated with unidentified fungi were plated out on water agar, baited with pure infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus, incubat- ed and examined for the presence of nematophagous fungi. Duddingtonia flagrans was isolated from five samples, and 73 samples were positive for other nem- atophagous fungi. Keywords: Arthrobotrys oligospora, Duddingtonia flagrans, Haemonchus contortus, nematophagous fungi INTRODUCTION ance of one such parasite, Haemonchus contortus, to anthelmintics in South Africa and other parts of Pastures are continually contaminated by the free- the world, led to the formulation of alternative living stages of various species of parasitic nema- strategies for its control. Among these was the use todes which infect domestic livestock. The resist- of nematophagous fungi such as Duddingtonia fla- grans for biological control of infective larvae on pastures. * Author to whom correspondence is to be directed Chlamydospores of D. flagrans, fed to livestock, 1 Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Vet- erinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, survive the digestive processes and are viable when Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa voided in the faeces. Parts of the fungal mycelium 2 Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Vet- growing from germinating chlamydospores become erinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, modified to form three-dimensional adhesive nets Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenomic Evolutionary Surveys of Subtilase Superfamily Genes in Fungi
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Phylogenomic evolutionary surveys of subtilase superfamily genes in fungi Received: 22 September 2016 Juan Li, Fei Gu, Runian Wu, JinKui Yang & Ke-Qin Zhang Accepted: 28 February 2017 Subtilases belong to a superfamily of serine proteases which are ubiquitous in fungi and are suspected Published: 30 March 2017 to have developed distinct functional properties to help fungi adapt to different ecological niches. In this study, we conducted a large-scale phylogenomic survey of subtilase protease genes in 83 whole genome sequenced fungal species in order to identify the evolutionary patterns and subsequent functional divergences of different subtilase families among the main lineages of the fungal kingdom. Our comparative genomic analyses of the subtilase superfamily indicated that extensive gene duplications, losses and functional diversifications have occurred in fungi, and that the four families of subtilase enzymes in fungi, including proteinase K-like, Pyrolisin, kexin and S53, have distinct evolutionary histories which may have facilitated the adaptation of fungi to a broad array of life strategies. Our study provides new insights into the evolution of the subtilase superfamily in fungi and expands our understanding of the evolution of fungi with different lifestyles. To survive, fungi depend on their ability to harvest nutrients from living or dead organic materials. The eco- logical diversification of fungi is profoundly affected by the array of enzymes they secrete to help them obtain such nutrients. Thus, the differences in their secreted enzymes can have a significant impact on their abilities to colonize plants and animals1. Among these enzymes, a superfamily of serine proteases named subtilases, ubiq- uitous in fungi, is suspected of having distinct functional properties which allowed fungi adapt to different eco- logical niches.
    [Show full text]
  • Appressorium: the Breakthrough in Dikarya
    Journal of Fungi Article Appressorium: The Breakthrough in Dikarya Alexander Demoor, Philippe Silar and Sylvain Brun * Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, LIED-UMR 8236, Université de Paris, 5 rue Marie-Andree Lagroua, 75205 Paris, France * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 May 2019; Accepted: 30 July 2019; Published: 3 August 2019 Abstract: Phytopathogenic and mycorrhizal fungi often penetrate living hosts by using appressoria and related structures. The differentiation of similar structures in saprotrophic fungi to penetrate dead plant biomass has seldom been investigated and has been reported only in the model fungus Podospora anserina. Here, we report on the ability of many saprotrophs from a large range of taxa to produce appressoria on cellophane. Most Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were able to form appressoria. In contrast, none of the three investigated Mucoromycotina was able to differentiate such structures. The ability of filamentous fungi to differentiate appressoria no longer belongs solely to pathogenic or mutualistic fungi, and this raises the question of the evolutionary origin of the appressorium in Eumycetes. Keywords: appressorium; infection cushion; penetration; biomass degradation; saprotrophic fungi; Eumycetes; cellophane 1. Introduction Accessing and degrading biomass are crucial processes for heterotrophic organisms such as fungi. Nowadays, fungi are famous biodegraders that are able to produce an exhaustive set of biomass- degrading enzymes, the Carbohydrate Active enzymes (CAZymes) allowing the potent degradation of complex sugars such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and the more recalcitrant lignin polymer [1]. Because of their importance for industry and biofuel production in particular, many scientific programs worldwide aim at mining this collection of enzymes in fungal genomes and at understanding fungal lignocellulosic plant biomass degradation.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Arthrobotrys Anamorphs from Orbilia Auricolor Author(S): Donald H
    Mycological Society of America Two Arthrobotrys Anamorphs from Orbilia auricolor Author(s): Donald H. Pfister and Michael E. Liftik Source: Mycologia, Vol. 87, No. 5 (Sep. - Oct., 1995), pp. 684-688 Published by: Mycological Society of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3760812 Accessed: 03-10-2016 14:51 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms Mycological Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Mycologia This content downloaded from 140.247.98.12 on Mon, 03 Oct 2016 14:51:46 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Mycologia, 87(5), 1995, pp. 684-688. ? 1995, by The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126 Two Arthrobotrys anamorphs from Orbilia auricolor Donald H. Pfister porium Oudem. (Rubner and Baral, pers. comm.), An- Michael E. Liftik guillospora Ingold (Webster and Descals, 1979) and an Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University, 20 Divinity unnamed genus (Haines and Egger, 1982). In this pa? Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 per we report that two Arthrobotrys species were iso? lated from ascospores of two specimens of members of the genus Orbilia. Both specimens used in this study Abstract: Cultures derived from ascospores of two are referable to 0.
    [Show full text]
  • Orbiliaceae from Thailand
    Mycosphere 9(1): 155–168 (2018) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/9/1/5 Copyright © Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Orbiliaceae from Thailand Ekanayaka AH1,2, Hyde KD1,2, Jones EBG3, Zhao Q1 1Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China 2Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 3Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand Ekanayaka AH, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Zhao Q 2018 – Orbiliaceae from Thailand. Mycosphere 9(1), 155–168, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/9/1/5 Abstract The family Orbiliaceae is characterized by small, yellowish, sessile to sub-stipitate apothecia, inoperculate asci and asymmetrical globose to fusoid ascospores. Morphological and phylogenetic studies were carried out on new collections of Orbiliaceae from Thailand and revealed Hyalorbilia erythrostigma, Hyalorbilia inflatula, Orbilia stipitata sp. nov., Orbilia leucostigma and Orbilia caudata. Our new species is confirmed to be divergent from other Orbiliaceae species based on morphological examination and molecular phylogenetic analyses of ITS and LSU sequence data. Descriptions and figures are provided for the taxa which are also compared with allied taxa. Key words – apothecia – discomycetes – inoperculate – phylogeny – taxonomy Introduction The family Orbiliaceae was established by Nannfeldt (1932). Previously, this family has been treated as a member of Leotiomycetes (Korf 1973, Spooner 1987) and Eriksson et al. (2003) transferred this family into a new class Orbiliomycetes. The recent studies on this class include Yu et al. (2011), Guo et al.
    [Show full text]
  • High Predatory Capacity of a Novel Arthrobotrys Oligospora Variety on the Ovine Gastrointestinal Nematode Haemonchus Contortus (Rhabditomorpha: Trichostrongylidae)
    pathogens Article High Predatory Capacity of a Novel Arthrobotrys oligospora Variety on the Ovine Gastrointestinal Nematode Haemonchus contortus (Rhabditomorpha: Trichostrongylidae) Fabián Arroyo-Balán 1,2,* , Fidel Landeros-Jaime 3, Roberto González-Garduño 4, Cristiana Cazapal-Monteiro 5 , Maria Sol Arias-Vázquez 5 , Gabriela Aguilar-Tipacamú 6, Edgardo Ulises Esquivel-Naranjo 3,* and Juan Mosqueda 1,6,* 1 Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76140, Mexico 2 CONACYT-Unidad Regional Universitario de Zonas Áridas, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Bermejillo 35230, Mexico 3 Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Unidad de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76140, Mexico; [email protected] 4 Centro Regional Universitario Sursureste, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Teapa 86800, Mexico; [email protected] 5 COPAR (Control of Parasites), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, Campus Universitario, 27002 Lugo, Spain; [email protected] (C.C.-M.); [email protected] (M.S.A.-V.) 6 C.A. Salud Animal y Microbiologia Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Citation: Arroyo-Balán, F.; Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias s/n Col Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; [email protected] Landeros-Jaime, F.; González-Garduño, R.; * Correspondence: [email protected] (F.A.-B.); [email protected] (E.U.E.-N.); Cazapal-Monteiro, C.; Arias-Vázquez, [email protected] (J.M.) M.S.; Aguilar-Tipacamú, G.; Esquivel-Naranjo, E.U.; Mosqueda, J. Abstract: With the worldwide development of anthelmintic resistance, new alternative approaches High Predatory Capacity of a Novel for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep are urgently required.
    [Show full text]
  • A Reevaluation of Predatory Orbiliaceous Fungi. II. a New Generic Concept
    ©Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., Horn, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at A reevaluation of predatory orbiliaceous fungi. II. A new generic concept Markus Scholler1, Gregor Hagedorn2 & A. Rubner1 Fachrichtung Biologie, Mykologisches Labor, Universität Greifswald, Jahn-Str. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany 2Institut für Pflanzenvirologie, Mikrobiologie und Biologische Sicherheit, Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Königin-Luise-Str. 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany M. Scholler, G. Hagedorn & A. Rubner (1999). A reevaluation of predatory orbiliaceous fungi. II. A new generic concept. - Sydowia 51(1): 89-113. A new genus concept is proposed for predatory anamorphic Orbiliaceae in which the trapping device is the main morphological criterion for the delimitation of the genera. Molecular, ecological, physiological, biological, and further mor- phological features are taken into account as well. Following the groups identified by Hagedorn & Scholler (1999), these predatory fungi are divided into four genera: Arthrobotrys Corda forming adhesive networks, Drechslerella Subram. forming constricting rings, Dactylellina M. Morelet forming stalked adhesive knobs, and Gamsylella gen. nov. for species producing adhesive columns and unstalked knobs. Eighty-two species are accepted, for 51 of which new combinations are proposed. Keywords: Nematophagous fungi, Orbiliaceae, Arlhrobolrys, Daclylellina, Drechslerella, Gamsylella gen. nov, trapping devices, taxonomy. Present generic and phylogenetic concepts for predatory
    [Show full text]