Molecular Assessment and Taxonomic Status of the Rapid Racerunner (Eremias Velox Complex) with Particular Attention to the Populations in Northwestern China

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Molecular Assessment and Taxonomic Status of the Rapid Racerunner (Eremias Velox Complex) with Particular Attention to the Populations in Northwestern China Asian Herpetological Research 2014, 5(1): 12–25 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00012 Molecular Assessment and Taxonomic Status of the Rapid Racerunner (Eremias velox complex) with Particular Attention to the Populations in Northwestern China Jinlong LIU1, 2, Natalia A. ANANJEVA3, Marina A. CHIRIKOVA4, Konstantin D. MILTO3 and Xianguang GUO1* 1 Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia 4 Institute of Zoology, Committee of Scienti¿c 0inistry of Education and Science, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan Abstract The rapid racerunner, Eremias velox, is a widely distributed lizard from the northern Caucasus across entire Central Asia eastward to China. It is increasingly common to accept E. velox as a species complex in its entire range. To date, published morphological and molecular systematic hypotheses of this complex are only partially congruent, and its taxonomic status and evolutionary history are still far from clear. The mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and 12S rRNA sequences were used to evaluate the taxonomy of this complex, with particular attention to the phylogenetic placement of populations in northwestern China. Examination of the phylogenetic analyses recovers seven distinct, ELRJHRJUDSKLFDOO\GLVFUHWHDQGZHOOVXSSRUWHGFODGHVUHYHDOLQJJHQHWLFDOO\LGHQWL¿DEOHSRSXODWLRQVFRUUHVSRQGLQJWR VRPHSUHYLRXVO\PRUSKRORJ\GH¿QHGVXEVSHFLHV&KLQHVHE. v. roborowskii appears to have split from other Central $VLDQUDSLGUDFHUXQQHUOL]DUGVZHOOEHIRUHGLIIHUHQWLDWLRQRFFXUUHGDPRQJWKHODWWHUWD[D6SHFL¿FDOO\ZHFRUURERUDWH that there are two subspecies occurring in China, i.e., E. v. velox and E. v. roborowskii. We recommend a novel VXEVSHFL¿FVWDWXVIRUWKHSKHQRW\SLFDOO\DQGJHQHWLFDOO\GLVWLQFWSRSXODWLRQVLQVRXWKHUQ$UDO6HDUHJLRQRI8]EHNLVWDQ previously assigned to E. v. velox. Finally, each of the three independently evolving lineages from Iranian Plateau should be recognized as three species new to science under the general lineage concept. Keywords mtDNA, subspecies, Eremias velox complex, taxonomy, phylogeography 1. Introduction been assigned to the genus, and much of their phylogeny and taxonomy is controversial (e.g., Szczerbak, 1974; Racerunner lizards of the genus Eremias (family Guo et al., 2011). Among the many controversies, the Lacertidae) are the dominant reptiles in the deserts and taxonomy of the Eremias velox complex is perhaps one steppes of Central Asia. The taxonomy of this genus has of the most confusing. The distribution of this group a long complex history, and the delimitation of species/ ranges from the northern Caucasus across entire Central subspecies of Eremias is known for being notoriously Asia eastward to China (Figure 1). Traditionally, the rapid GLI¿FXOW7KLVLVLQSDUWFDXVHGE\WKHJUHDWJHRJUDSKLF racerunner was considered as a single species with three variation in most morphological characters in many of or four described subspecies (Szczerbak, 1974, 1975; the species (e.g., Szczerbak, 1974, 1975; Ananjeva et al., (UHPFKHQNRDQG3DQ¿ORY +RZHYHUDVQRWHGE\ 1998; Chirikova, 2004). Currently, over 36 species have Rastegar-Pouyani (2009), it is increasingly common to * Corresponding author: Dr. Xianguang GUO, from Chengdu Institute of accept E. velox as a clade in its entire range representing a Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, with his research focusing on species complex. The nominate form occurs in the larger taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of reptiles. E-mail: [email protected] parts of the distribution range. The Caspian subspecies E. Received: 27 December 2013 Accepted: 1 March 2014 v. caucasia occurs at the western part of the range. The No. 1 Jinlong LIU et al. Molecular Assessment and Taxonomic Status of the Rapid Racerunner 13 subspecies E. v. roborowskii is endemic in Turpan-Hami analyses, Wang et al. (2014) argued that there is no Depression and Dunhuang Basin in northwestern China. subspecies differentiation between populations from 5HFHQWO\(UHPFKHQNRDQG3DQ¿ORY GHVFULEHGWKH Turpan-Hami Depression and from Dzungarian Basin fourth subspecies, E. v. borkini from the highlands of and Ily Valley in China. Thus, Wang et al. (2014) implied Issyk-Kul lake depression in Kyrgyzstan. that E. v. roborowskii may be a synonym of nominate Many recent taxonomic treatments reveal varied subspecies. opinions as to the number of species. Some herpetologists Establishing correct species/subspecies limits depends recognized a single widespread species (e.g., Szczerbak, on adequate sampling of populations throughout the 2003; Ananjeva et al., 2006; Sindaco and Jeremcenko, range. Given the previous studies, it might appear that 2008), whereas others (Rastegar-Pouyani, 2009; Rastegar- taxonomic limits were clear. Rastegar-Pouyani (2009) Pouyani et al., 2012) hypothesized the existence of at least made the first attempt to elucidate the phylogenetic four distinct species and three well-supported subspecies relationships among the rapid racerunner in Iran and (Figure 2). Some of the differences of opinion result Central Asia on the basis of ISSR-PCR fingerprints from the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA sequence data. The results were tentative due in part to limited information (Rastegar-Pouyani et al., 2012). At present taxonomic sampling. As shown by simulations and it seems reasonable that mtDNA sequence information empirical studies, more taxa and data do affect the supports the recognition of the Iranian populations of phylogenetic reconstruction (e.g., Pollock et al., 2002; E. velox as three distinct species based on differences in Zwickl and Hillis, 2002). Rastegar-Pouyani et al. (2012) distribution, morphology, habitat preference, and mtDNA studied patterns of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b sequence divergence (Figure 2). (cyt b) and 12S rRNA variation in 70 specimens from The subspecific status of E. v. roborowskii is still 13 geographically distant localities in Iran and Central controversial, although Szczerbak (1975) confirmed Asia. Their results contradicted previous systematic its status according to color, pattern and characters hypotheses; revealed surprising relationships between of pholidosis. Boulenger (1921) suggested that the Iranian and Central Asiaian lineages and uncovered novel, morphological variation in the populations of E. v. cryptic evolutionary lineages (i.e. new putative species). roborowskii is not sufficient to support its subspecies Moreover, they argued that the eastern and southern status. The validity of this subspecies has not been Kazakhstan populations correspond to the traditional E. recognized for a long time (Mertens and Wermuth, 1960). v. roborowskii. However, Rastegar-Pouyani et al. (2012), More recently, on the basis of multivariate morphological who used most samples already analyzed by Rastegar- 26 27 28 8 11 20 29 10 15 18 22 21 9 13 16 19 30 14 17 7 12 25 23 24 4 3 6 5 1 2 E. v. caucasiaE. v. velox E. v. borkini E. v. roborowskii Figure 1 Entire distribution range of Eremias velox complex showing traditional subspecies’ range with different background color, and the sampling localities for different populations (numerical labels 14–30 with green dots), white dots with numbers 1–13 representing those from Rastegar-Pouyani et al.(2012). The locality number corresponds with that in Appendix A. 14 Asian Herpetological Research Vol. 5 E. v. roborowskii E. SE. C. kaza. E (8, 10–13) 1.0 E. v. velox 1.0 S. Aral Sea 1.0 D 1.0 Uzeb.(7) E. v. caucasia W. kaza. (9) 0.84 1.0 NW Khorasan, Iran(4) 1.0 1.0 C W Khorasan, Iran (5) Eremias sp. 3 1.0 1.0 1.0 SE Tehran, Iran (2) E. velox complex 1.0 SE Golestan, Iran (3) 1.0 B Eremias sp. 2 1.0 0.94 1.0 CN Khorasan, Iran (6) A 1.0 N Iran (1) Eremias sp. 1 Eremias strauchi Ophisops elegans Figure 2 Rastegar-Pouyani et al.’s (2012) phylogenetic hypothesis for populations of the Eremias velox complex from Iranian Plateau and Central Asia using partitioned Bayesian analyses of mtDNA data. A, B, C, D and E indicate the major clades. Values beside the node represent Bayesian posterior probabilities. Pouyani (2009), were unable to sample adequately the rRNA segment to gain a more comprehensive view on eastern part of the taxon’s range. There was no sample phylogeographic patterns in E. velox complex. This study from China included in their work. In addition, Rastegar- VSHFL¿FDOO\DLPVWR UHHYDOXDWHWKHSK\ORJHRJUDSKLF Pouyani et al. (2012) speculated that E. v roborowskii structure of E. velox complex, (2) test the phylogenetic occurs in western China, eastern Kazakhstan and Eastern affinities of the rapid racerunner populations in China, Uzbekistan. This inappropriate interpretation may give DQG WHVWWKHYDOLGLW\RIWKHVXEVSHFL¿FVWDWXVRIE. v. confusing clues about the identity of this subspecies, roborowskii. The hypothesis that E. v. roborowskii is valid resulting in incorrect inference of its phylogenetic particularly predicts that it will correspond with distinct, placement. It appears likely that the inclusion of more well-supported, and moderately divergent mtDNA rapid racerunner samples may get a better illustration of haplotype clade. their phylogeographic structure, and may also provide valuable information for their taxonomy. 2. Materials and Methods Thus, as an extension of the molecular phylogenetics of the rapid racerunner, an effort has been made to collect 2.1 Taxon sampling We collected a total of 87 samples some specimens from northwestern China and Russia. representing natural
Recommended publications
  • Preliminary Analysis of Correlated Evolution of Morphology and Ecological Diversification in Lacertid Lizards
    Butll. Soc. Cat. Herp., 19 (2011) Preliminary analysis of correlated evolution of morphology and ecological diversification in lacertid lizards Fèlix Amat Orriols Àrea d'Herpetologia, Museu de Granollers-Ciències Naturals. Francesc Macià 51. 08402 Granollers. Catalonia. Spain. [email protected] Resum S'ha investigat la diversitat morfològica en 129 espècies de lacèrtids i la seva relació amb l'ecologia, per mitjà de mètodes comparatius, utilitzant set variables morfomètriques. La mida corporal és la variable més important, determinant un gradient entre espècies de petita i gran mida independentment evolucionades al llarg de la filogènia dels lacèrtids. Aquesta variable està forta i positivament correlacionada amb les altres, emmascarant els patrons de diversitat morfològica. Anàlisis multivariants en les variables ajustades a la mida corporal mostren una covariació negativa entre les mides relatives de la cua i les extremitats. Remarcablement, les espècies arborícoles i semiarborícoles (Takydromus i el clade africà equatorial) han aparegut dues vegades independentment durant l'evolució dels lacèrtids i es caracteritzen per cues extremadament llargues i extremitats anteriors relativament llargues en comparació a les posteriors. El llangardaix arborícola i planador Holaspis, amb la seva cua curta, constitueix l’única excepció. Un altre cas de convergència ha estat trobat en algunes espècies que es mouen dins de vegetació densa o herba (Tropidosaura, Lacerta agilis, Takydromus amurensis o Zootoca) que presenten cues llargues i extremitats curtes. Al contrari, les especies que viuen en deserts, estepes o matollars amb escassa vegetació aïllada dins grans espais oberts han desenvolupat extremitats posteriors llargues i anteriors curtes per tal d'assolir elevades velocitats i maniobrabilitat. Aquest és el cas especialment de Acanthodactylus i Eremias Abstract Morphologic diversity was studied in 129 species of lacertid lizards and their relationship with ecology by means of comparative analysis on seven linear morphometric measurements.
    [Show full text]
  • Silk Road Discovery Autonomous Region
    ADVENTURE Crescent Moon Spring in Dunhuang Itinerary AB: American Breakfast, L: Lunch, D: Dinner Day 1 Beijing – Urumqi (D) Take a flight to Urumqi, widely known as "beautiful pasture" and Tour Code: TS also a major industrial center and the capital of Xinjiang Uygar Silk Road Discovery Autonomous Region. Xinjiang is a large (comparable in size to Iran), 12 days, 11 nights | Urumqi, Turpan, Jiayuguan, Dunhuang, Xian, Shanghai sparsely populated area. You will not only observe Islamic culture of Uygar people and daily lifestyle of many other ethnic groups but The Silk Road Discovery retraces footsteps of caravans and merchants who also vast natural scenery and the Gobi Desert. linked the East and West along this ancient trade route. Discover the ruins of Day 2 Urumqi (AB, L, D) Jiahoe City and Gaocheng City near Turpan and immerse yourself in the unique Urumqi is considered furthest away from the ocean and has also played an intricate role in the northern pathway of the Silk Road. Begin by culture, song, and dance of the Uygur minority in Urumqi. Study the ancient visiting the surreal Heavenly Lake, local name Tian Chi. Thereafter, you Magao Grotto paintings sketched by monks, merchants and nobles from eras will explore the nomadic Khazak community and witness the lifestyle of and dynasties long passed, and visit the Xian excavation site containing the local people. You will visit the International Grand Bazaar built in the treasured Terracotta Warriors. You will also enjoy modern-day China attractions traditional Muslim style displaying a Middle-Eastern feel. It is a highly frequented local hot spot for shopping at a bargain price.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Ophiomorus Nuchalis Nilson & Andrén, 1978
    All_short_Notes_shorT_NoTE.qxd 08.08.2016 11:01 seite 16 92 shorT NoTE hErPETozoA 29 (1/2) Wien, 30. Juli 2016 shorT NoTE logischen Grabungen (holozän); pp. 76-83. in: distribution of Ophiomorus nuchalis CABElA , A. & G rilliTsCh , h. & T iEdEMANN , F. (Eds.): Atlas zur Verbreitung und Ökologie der Amphibien NilsoN & A NdréN , 1978: und reptilien in Österreich: Auswertung der herpeto - faunistischen datenbank der herpetologischen samm - Current status of knowledge lung des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien; Wien; (Umweltbundesamt). PUsChNiG , r. (1934): schildkrö - ten bei Klagenfurt.- Carinthia ii, Klagenfurt; 123-124/ The scincid lizard genus Ophio morus 43-44: 95. PUsChNiG , r. (1942): Über das Fortkommen A. M. C. dUMéril & B iBroN , 1839 , is dis - oder Vorkommen der griechischen land schildkröte tributed from southeastern Europe (southern und der europäischen sumpfschildkröte in Kärnten.- Balkans) to northwestern india (sindhian Carinthia ii, Klagenfurt; 132/52: 84-88. sAMPl , h. (1976): Aus der Tierwelt Kärntens. die Kriechtiere deserts) ( ANdErsoN & l EViToN 1966; s iN- oder reptilien; pp. 115-122. in: KAhlEr , F. (Ed.): die dACo & J ErEMčENKo 2008 ) and com prises Natur Kärntens; Vol. 2; Klagenfurt (heyn). sChiNd- 11 species ( BoUlENGEr 1887; ANdEr soN & lEr , M . (2005): die Europäische sumpfschild kröte in EViToN ilsoN NdréN Österreich: Erste Ergebnisse der genetischen Unter - l 1966; N & A 1978; suchungen.- sacalia, stiefern; 7: 38-41. soChU rEK , E. ANdErsoN 1999; KAzEMi et al. 2011). seven (1957): liste der lurche und Kriechtiere Kärntens.- were reported from iran including O. blan - Carinthia ii, Klagenfurt; 147/67: 150-152. fordi BoUlENGEr , 1887, O. brevipes BlAN- KEY Words: reptilia: Testudines: Emydidae: Ford , 1874, O.
    [Show full text]
  • 7 Days Memories of Xinjiang Tour
    [email protected] +86-28-85593923 7 days Memories of Xinjiang tour https://windhorsetour.com/silk-road-tour/xinjiang-highlights-tour Urumqi Turpan Kashgar Tashkorgan Urumqi Vist two popular cities in this Xinjiang highlights tour, Turpan and Kashgar. Drive into the deserts of Turpan to explore the relics left by the ancient civilizations, and enjoy a tranquil hiking along the shore of Karakul Lake in Kashgar. Type Private Duration 7 days Theme Natural scenery Trip code XJT-01 Price From US$ 1,061 per person Itinerary Starting from Urumqi, this Xinjiang Highlights tour provides a memorable experience to two must-see cities, Turpan and Kashgar. Cultural heritages and natural landscapes are balanced in this trip. You will be fascinated by the unique scenery of deserts, lakes, and forests while exploring the past civilizations along the ancient Silk Road. The unique Uyghur culture is yet another a highlight of this tour. Day 01 : Arrive Urumqi Travel along the Silk Road to pursue the unique beauty of this ancient and historically important trade route in the world. Explore the past civilizations which have influenced the culture of China, Central Asia and the west for thousands of years. This memorable Silk Road Xinjiang tour starts in the capital of of this province, Urumqi. Upon arrival at the airport or railway station, be assisted to the downtown hotel by your local driver and guide. Have the day to rest or explore this city on your own. Day 02 : Drive to Turpan - Turpan Sightseeing In the morning, drive to Turpan, an oasis city located in the southeast of Urumqi.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Evidence for Occurrence of Macrovipera Razii (Squamata, Viperidae) in the Central Zagros Region, Iran
    Herpetozoa 33: 27–30 (2020) DOI 10.3897/herpetozoa.33.e51186 Genetic evidence for occurrence of Macrovipera razii (Squamata, Viperidae) in the central Zagros region, Iran Hamzeh Oraie1,2 1 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran 2 Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran http://zoobank.org/955A477F-7833-4D2A-8089-E4B4D48B0E31 Corresponding author: Hamzeh Oraie ([email protected]) Academic editor: Peter Mikulíček ♦ Received 16 February 2020 ♦ Accepted 17 March 2020 ♦ Published 9 April 2020 Abstract This study presents the first molecular evidence ofMacrovipera razii from central Zagros, more than 300 km north-west of its prior records in southern Iran. Molecular analyses based on mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences identified the individuals from central Zagros as a lineage of M. razii. Specimens from the new localities are separated by a genetic distance of 1.46% from the known populations of M. razii. The results extend the known distribution range of M. razii as an endemic species of Iran. Key Words Iran, Macrovipera, mtDNA, new record, Ra zi’s Viper, taxonomy, Viperidae Central Zagros is a mainly mountainous region in the Macrovipera razii, described by Oraie et al. (2018) based Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province and surrounding on a holotype collected at 105 km on the road from Jiroft areas of Iran. Its climatic conditions and topographic in- to Bam near Bab-Gorgi village and Valley, Kerman tricacy contribute to unique ecological conditions and a Province. The known distribution range of M. razii is significant level of biodiversity. Several endemic species reported as the central and southern parts of Iran (Oraie et of the Iranian herpetofauna are restricted to this region al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Body Burden and Thyroid Disruption in Lizards (Eremias Argus)
    Journal of Hazardous Materials 347 (2018) 218–226 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Hazardous Materials jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jhazmat The body burden and thyroid disruption in lizards (Eremias argus) living in benzoylurea pesticides-contaminated soil a,b a,b a,b a a a Jing Chang , Jitong Li , Weiyu Hao , Huili Wang , Wei Li , Baoyuan Guo , a a a,∗ Jianzhong Li , Yinghuan Wang , Peng Xu a Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19A, Beijing, 100049, China h i g h l i g h t s g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t • Diflubenzuron degraded faster than flufenoxuron in the soil. • The SPFs of flufenoxuron were greater than diflubenzuron. • The body burden of BPUs was related with LogKow and molecular weight. • BPUs exposure disturbed both thy- roid and metabolism system of lizards. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Dermal exposure is regarded as a potentially significant but understudied route for pesticides uptake Received 1 November 2017 in terrestrial reptiles. In this study, a native Chinese lizard was exposed to control, diflubenzuron or Received in revised form −1 flufenoxuron contaminated soil (1.5 mg kg ) for 35 days. Tissue distribution, liver lesions, thyroid hor- 19 December 2017 mone levels and transcription of most target genes were examined. The half-lives of diflubenzuron and Accepted 3 January 2018 flufenoxuron in the soil were 118.9 and 231.8 days, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phylogeny of the Eremias Velox Complex of the Iranian Plateau and Central Asia (Reptilia, Lacertidae): Molecular Evidence from ISSR-PCR Fingerprints
    Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics(IJAB) Vol.5, No.1, 33-46, 2009 ISSN: 1735-434X The phylogeny of the Eremias velox complex of the Iranian Plateau and Central Asia (Reptilia, Lacertidae): Molecular evidence from ISSR-PCR fingerprints ESKANDAR RASTEGAR POUYANI Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Moallem University of Sabzevar, P.O.Box, 397, Iran The rapid fringe-toed lizard, Eremias velox, is widely distributed in the Iranian plateau and Central Asia. Several local morphotypes have so far been reported from different parts of its range, representing this taxon as a species complex. In an attempt to reveal phylogenetic relationships among various populations of this complex group, 37 specimens from 13 geographically distant localities in Iran and central Asia, covering most parts of its range, were sampled. Using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat amplification (ISSR-PCR) as a molecular marker, whole the nuclear genome of all specimens was screened. Phylogenetic analysis of the prepared data set successfully recovered seven major clades within the E. velox complex. Relationships among the major clades were highly resolved with remarkable statistical supports and well correspond to the geographic distribution of the populations. The reconstructed phylogeny implies that the clade as a whole has been originated in the Iranian plateau and expanded into central Asia before uplifting the Kopet-Dagh Mountains. It has then undergone a rapid cladogenesis in the latter area and produced several morphotypes. Within the Iranian clades two main groups could be defined, the foothill and highland dwellers and the open plane and desert dweller populations. The phylogenetic tree together with the estimated amounts of genetic distances among the independent lineages, provide good grounds for a fundamental revision of the taxonomic status of the Eremias velox complex.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Conservation Action Plans for Mongolian Reptiles and Amphibians
    Summary Conservation Action Plans for Mongolian Reptiles and Amphibians Compiled by Terbish, Kh., Munkhbayar, Kh., Clark, E.L., Munkhbat, J. and Monks, E.M. Edited by Munkhbaatar, M., Baillie, J.E.M., Borkin, L., Batsaikhan, N., Samiya, R. and Semenov, D.V. ERSITY O IV F N E U D U E T C A A T T S I O E N H T M ONGOLIA THE WORLD BANK i ii This publication has been funded by the World Bank’s Netherlands-Mongolia Trust Fund for Environmental Reform. The fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colours, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The World Conservation Union (IUCN) have contributed to the production of the Summary Conservation Action Plans for Mongolian Reptiles and Amphibians, providing technical support, staff time, and data. IUCN supports the production of the Summary Conservation Action Plans for Mongolian Reptiles and Amphibians, but the information contained in this document does not necessarily represent the views of IUCN. Published by: Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, NW1 4RY Copyright: © Zoological Society of London and contributors 2006.
    [Show full text]
  • Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History Database
    Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History database Abdala, C. S., A. S. Quinteros, and R. E. Espinoza. 2008. Two new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from the puna of northwestern Argentina. Herpetologica 64:458-471. Abdala, C. S., D. Baldo, R. A. Juárez, and R. E. Espinoza. 2016. The first parthenogenetic pleurodont Iguanian: a new all-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. Copeia 104:487-497. Abdala, C. S., J. C. Acosta, M. R. Cabrera, H. J. Villaviciencio, and J. Marinero. 2009. A new Andean Liolaemus of the L. montanus series (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. South American Journal of Herpetology 4:91-102. Abdala, C. S., J. L. Acosta, J. C. Acosta, B. B. Alvarez, F. Arias, L. J. Avila, . S. M. Zalba. 2012. Categorización del estado de conservación de las lagartijas y anfisbenas de la República Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 26 (Suppl. 1):215-248. Abell, A. J. 1999. Male-female spacing patterns in the lizard, Sceloporus virgatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 20:185-194. Abts, M. L. 1987. Environment and variation in life history traits of the Chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus. Ecological Monographs 57:215-232. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2003. Anfibios y reptiles del Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: Facultad de Ciencias. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2007. Anfibio y reptiles del Uruguay, 3rd edn. Montevideo, Uruguay: Serie Fauna 1. Ackermann, T. 2006. Schreibers Glatkopfleguan Leiocephalus schreibersii. Munich, Germany: Natur und Tier. Ackley, J. W., P. J. Muelleman, R. E. Carter, R. W. Henderson, and R. Powell. 2009. A rapid assessment of herpetofaunal diversity in variously altered habitats on Dominica.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Profile of Afghanistan
    NEPA Biodiversity Profile of Afghanistan An Output of the National Capacity Needs Self-Assessment for Global Environment Management (NCSA) for Afghanistan June 2008 United Nations Environment Programme Post-Conflict and Disaster Management Branch First published in Kabul in 2008 by the United Nations Environment Programme. Copyright © 2008, United Nations Environment Programme. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. United Nations Environment Programme Darulaman Kabul, Afghanistan Tel: +93 (0)799 382 571 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.unep.org DISCLAIMER The contents of this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of UNEP, or contributory organizations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP or contributory organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Unless otherwise credited, all the photos in this publication have been taken by the UNEP staff. Design and Layout: Rachel Dolores
    [Show full text]
  • Severe Conditions on Eremias Intermedia (STRAUCH, 1876) And
    HOSSEINIAN YOUSEFKHANI and RASTEGAR POUYANI Artikel 2013 article 3 2013 № 3 - Online veröffentlicht / published online: 2013-01-19 Autoren / Authors: SEYYED SAEED HOSSEINIAN YOUSEFKHANI, Iranian Plateau Herpetology Research Group (IPHRG), Faculty of Science, Razi University, 6714967346 Kermanshah, Iran. E-Mail: [email protected] ESKANDAR RASTEGAR POUYANI, Iranian Plateau Herpetology Research Group (IPHRG), Faculty of Science, Razi University, 6714967346 Kermanshah, Iran. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran Zitat / Citation: HOSSEINIAN YOUSEFKHANI, S.S. & RASTEGAR POUYANI, E.(2013): Severe conditions on Eremias intermedia (STRAUCH, 1876) and Eremias lineolata (NIKOLSKY, 1896) (Sauria: Lacertidae) in Sarakhs, Northeastern Iran - L@CERTIDAE (Eidechsen Online), 2013 [3]: 17-20. 2013 № 3 - 17 - Severe conditions on Eremias intermedia and Eremias lineolata in Sarakhs, Northeastern Iran. Severe conditions on Eremias intermedia (STRAUCH, 1876) and Eremias lineolata (NIKOLSKY, 1896) (Sauria: Lacertidae) in Sarakhs, Northeastern Iran SEYYED SAEED HOSSEINIAN YOUSEFKHANI and ESKANDAR RASTEGAR-POUYANI, January 2013 Abstract Eremias intermedia and Eremias lineolata are two species from the genus Eremias that are found in the Sarakhs region (at the border of Iran and Turkmenistan) (N: 36º 19’ 32.4” ; E: 61º 08’ 35.4”; altitude: 330 m). That particular region has very unfavorable conditions for lizards. Aridity and Human activity (agriculture) affected on their habitat. A water channel was being constructed to carry water to the city and for this reason, machines were employed which destroyed the sand dunes. Keywords: Eremias intermedia, Eremias lineolata, Sarakhs, Water channel, Sand dune. 2013 № 3 - 18 - HOSSEINIAN YOUSEFKHANI and RASTEGAR POUYANI Introduction Genus Eremias FITZINGER, 1834 consists of 16 species in Iran (ANDERSON 1999; RASTEGAR- POUYANI et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Pathogenic Leishmania Spp. Detected in Lizards from Northwest China
    Zhang et al. BMC Veterinary Research (2019) 15:446 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-2174-4 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Pathogenic Leishmania spp. detected in lizards from Northwest China using molecular methods Jun-Rong Zhang1, Xian-Guang Guo2, Han Chen1, Jin-Long Liu2,3, Xiong Gong2, Da-Li Chen1* and Jian-Ping Chen1* Abstract Background: Leishmaniosis, a disease caused by pathogenic Leishmania parasites, remains an unresolved health problem in the New World and the Old World. It is well known that lizards can be infected by a subgenus of Leishmania parasites, i.e. Sauroleishmania, which is non-pathogenic to humans. However, evidence suggests that lizards may also harbor pathogenic Leishmania species including the undetermined Leishmania sp., discovered in our previous work. Leishmania DNA in lizard blood can be detected by using molecular methods, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Three hundred and sixteen lizards, representing 13 species of four genera, were captured for blood samples collection in Northwest China. Two reliable molecular markers (cytochrome b and heat shock protein 70 genes) were used for detection in the lizard blood samples, to confirm a widespread presence of pathogenic Leishmania parasites and the distribution pattern of Leishmania spp. in lizards from Northwest China. The PCR data indicated positive detection rate for Leishmania in all the tested lizards with an overall prevalence of 57.91% (183/316). Apart from lizard parasites like Leishmania tarentolae and Leishmania sp., several pathogenic Leishmania including L. turanica, L. tropica and L. donovani complex were identified by using phylogenetic analysis. Co-existence of different haplotypes was observed in most Leishmania DNA-positive lizards with an overall rate of 77.6% (142/183).
    [Show full text]