DOCSLIB.ORG

Peace and Conflict Review Volume 8 – Issue 1 – Winter 2013/2014

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Peace and Conflict Review Volume 8 – Issue 1 – Winter 2013/2014 Peace and Conflict Review Volume 8 – Issue 1 – Winter 2013/2014 ISSN: 1659-3995 Articles Democratization and Inter-State Disputes: Re-evaluating the Effects of Political Institutions and Politicized Ethnicity Afa’anwi Che Relationships, sex and conflict among young people in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo Maroyi Mulumeoderhwa and Geoff Harris Does cash induce corruption in DDR programmes? Unpacking the experience from Nepal DB Subedi Conflict Assessment of the El Diquís Hydroelectric Project: When Renewable Energy Poses Environmental Threats & Human Rights Violations Harmony Todd Peaceful Partitions: Obvious Cases? Implications of Czechoslovakia’s Partition for Post-Conflict Peacebuilding Miriam Matejova Special Feature Revisiting the Utility of the Early Warning and Early Response Mechanisms in Africa: Any Role for Civil Society? Olumuyiwa Babatunde Amao, Dorcas Ettang, Ufo Okeke-Uzodike, and Clementine Tugizamana Peacebuilding in Palestinian Civil Society: Influencing a Peace Process from the Bottom-Up Sara Cady Culture, Conflict Resolution and the Legacy of Colonialism: the incommensurabilty of justice systems in postcolonial Cameroon Melissa Lauren Gang Peace and Conflict Review ISSN: 1659-3995 International Board of Editors Alexander I Gray, University of Deusto, Spain Paul Rogers, Stephan Emilov Nikolov, University of Bradford, UK Institute of Sociology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Kevin Avruch, Bulgaria George Mason University, USA Francisco Sagasti, Elisabeth Porter, Director, Agenda Peru, Peru School of Communications, International Studies and Barbara Tint, Languages, University of South Australia Portland State University, USA Priyankar Upadhyaya, Mary Jo Larson, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, India International Consultant in Conflict Resolution, USA Ryokichi Hirono, Kazuyo Yamane, Professor Emeritus, Seikei University, Tokyo Ritsumeikan University, Japan Linda Johnston, Necla Tschirgi, Kennesaw State University, Georgia former President, International Peace Academy Christof Heyns, George Cheney, University of Pretoria, South Africa University of Utah Edward Newman, United of Birmingham, UK Associate Editors Ulrike Christine Paula Niens, University of Ulster, Coleraine, NI, UK Victoria Fontan, UPEACE Lori K. Sudderth, Robert Fletcher, UPEACE Quinnipiac University, USA Jan Breitling, UPEACE Kasaija Phillip Apuuli, Brian Dowd-Uribe, UPEACE Makerere University, Uganda Surya Nath Prasad, Managing Editor Executive Vice President of International Association of Educators for World Peace Ross Ryan [email protected] Peace and Conflict Review is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to the publication of high quality academic articles in the field of peace and conflict studies on a semi-annual basis. For further information, including guidelines for contributors, please visit www.review.upeace.org. Peace and Conflict Review is hosted at the headquarters of the United Nations mandated University for Peace (UPEACE) in San José, Costa Rica and is produced in association with University for Peace Press and the UPEACE Research Center. Research articles published in this journal are submitted for blind review to members of our board of editors or other referees with relevant expertise and may undergo additional editing before publication. The responsibilities for opinions and conclusions rest entirely on the respective author(s). Publication does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the same by the Peace and Conflict Review or the University for Peace. Copyrights of all papers published in this journal are reserved by the Peace and Conflict Review and University for Peace Press. Manuscripts submitted to the Peace and Conflict Review may automatically be considered for publication in other UPEACE publications, such as the Peace and Conflict Monitor. Editorial Note Welcome to the winter 2013/2014 issue of the Peace and Conflict Review, the 1st issue of our 8th volume. It is my pleasure to introduce this new and thought-provoking collection of articles, which together offer a wealth of new data and innovative analyses to our field. Anchoring the issue is a special selection of articles on culture, conflict, civil society and peacebuilding, for which we owe a debt of gratitude to Dr Anthony Wanis-St. John, director of the International Peace and Conflict Resolution MA program at American University in Washington D.C. Amao, Ettang, Uzodike, and Tugizimana begin the feature by providing us with a helpful overview of civil society-based peacebuilding efforts, with a particular focus on mechanisms for early warning and early response in Ghana and Kenya. Sara Cady’s article on Palestinian peacebuilding further explores the connection between civil society and peace by drawing our attention to the specific historical contexts in which they develop and operate. In the final paper in this section, Melissa Gang traces the present state of conflict resolution in Cameroon back to the collision between the conciliatory indigenous practices with retributive practices and values imposed by colonialism. Our regular articles, as usual, cover a broad range of content, exploring dynamics of peace and conflict from the level of interpersonal relationships, through communities and ethnic groups, and up to the national and international levels of political organization. Along the way, these articles touch on issues of democracy, sexuality, disarmament and demobilization, environmental governance, indigenous rights, borders and partitions, and justice. Rather than review the content of each article here, or pull out all of the overarching themes, I invite you to scroll down and peruse the abstracts and articles themselves, and engage directly with each author’s unique approach to the themes and methods of peace and conflict studies. It is our hope that this collection will be a useful resource in your own research, as we continue to reach across disciplines and collaborate toward a greater understanding of the challenges of violence and insecurity we commonly face, and the potential we all have to contribute to a more just, sustainable, and peaceful world. I am grateful to all of our contributors, our board of editors, and to you, our readers, for helping to make this issue of the Peace and Conflict Review possible. As always, comments and contributions are more than welcome; please direct all correspondence to [email protected]. Ross Ryan Managing Editor Democratization and Inter-State Disputes Re-evaluating the Effects of Political Institutions and Politicized Ethnicity Afa’anwi Che* Empirical evidence regarding the relationship between the relative strength and coherence of political institutions and the propensity of democratizing states to go to war is inconclusive. Focusing on the immediate post-Cold War period not covered in extant quantitative assessments, and on militarized inter-state disputes, rather than full-scale wars, this paper re-evaluates the importance of political institutions as they relate to the democratization—war linkage. Further, this study uses a recent ethnopolitical polarization index to assess the impact of polarization on democratization and war. Results suggest that political institutions and politicized ethnicity are both relevant factors to the belligerency of democratizing states, however, chi-square tests reveal no statistically significant association in their effects. Hence, democracy promotion policies ought to pursue both institution-building and multiculturalism for auspicious democratic outcomes. * Afa’anwi Che is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political and Cultural Studies at Swansea University, UK. His research investigates conditions relevant to democratization and warfare. 1 Peace and Conflict Review 8.1 2014 Prominent studies linking democratization and incentives for involvement in international wars (Mansfield and Snyder, 1995a, 1995b, 1996) have endured enormous criticisms. Critics have either argued the contrary, that democratization mitigates war proclivity (e.g. Wolf, 1996; Ward and Gleditsch, 1998, 2000) or simply faulted Mansfield and Snyder’s research design (e.g. Enterline, 1996; Thompson and Tucker, 1997a, 1997b). At the turn of the century, Mansfield and Snyder (2002, 2005) revised their research design and propounded a qualified democratization and war (DnW) linkage. Their newer thesis: a) disaggregates democratizing states into two categories, namely, incomplete democratizers (transitioning from autocracy to mixed or anocratic regimes) and complete democratizers (from either autocracy or anocracy, to democracy); and b) stipulates incomplete democratizers as disproportionately war prone. The greater risk associated with incomplete democratizers is attributed to weak and ineffective political institutions. On the other hand, political institutions in complete democratizers are stronger and more coherent with those of older democracies. Thus, the institutional constraints (separation of powers, uncensored media outlets, free and fair elections, political accountability, and so on) that engender prudent foreign policies and a separate peace among democracies similarly induce lower levels of war involvement for coherent or complete democratizers (Mansfield and Snyder, 2002: 300–301). However, while Mansfield and Snyder (2002, 2005) evince institutional strength differences as determinants of conflict (non-)participation for democratizers, a recent empirical evaluation by Narang and Nelson (2009) finds almost no corroborative evidence. Narang
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Right to Peace, Which Occurred on 19 December 2016 by a Majority of Its Member States
    In July 2016, the Human Rights Council (HRC) of the United Nations in Geneva recommended to the General Assembly (UNGA) to adopt a Declaration on the Right to Peace, which occurred on 19 December 2016 by a majority of its Member States. The Declaration on the Right to Peace invites all stakeholders to C. Guillermet D. Fernández M. Bosé guide themselves in their activities by recognizing the great importance of practicing tolerance, dialogue, cooperation and solidarity among all peoples and nations of the world as a means to promote peace. To reach this end, the Declaration states that present generations should ensure that both they and future generations learn to live together in peace with the highest aspiration of sparing future generations the scourge of war. Mr. Federico Mayor This book proposes the right to enjoy peace, human rights and development as a means to reinforce the linkage between the three main pillars of the United Nations. Since the right to life is massively violated in a context of war and armed conflict, the international community elaborated this fundamental right in the 2016 Declaration on the Right to Peace in connection to these latter notions in order to improve the conditions of life of humankind. Ambassador Christian Guillermet Fernandez - Dr. David The Right to Peace: Fernandez Puyana Past, Present and Future The Right to Peace: Past, Present and Future, demonstrates the advances in the debate of this topic, the challenges to delving deeper into some of its aspects, but also the great hopes of strengthening the path towards achieving Peace.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Nonviolent Struggle: a Training Manual
    NONVIOLENT TRANSFORMATION OF CONFLICT—AFRICA STRATEGIC NONVIOLENT STRUGGLE: A TRAINING MANUAL Christopher A. Miller EDUCATION FOR PEACE AFRICA PROGRAMME The mission of the University for Peace is to provide humanity with an international institution of higher education for peace with the aim of promoting among all human beings a spirit of understanding, tolerance, and peaceful coexistence, to stimulate cooperation among peoples, and to help lessen obstacles and threats to world peace and progress in keeping with the noble aspirations proclaimed in the Char- ter of the United Nations. Charter of the University for Peace, Article , approved by the UN General Assembly in Resolution A/RES/5/55 University for Peace, Africa Programme PO Box 794, code 50 EDUCATION Addis Ababa, Ethiopia FOR PEACE AFRICA Tel: +5--68099 PROGRAMME Fax: +5--68099 Email: [email protected] Website: www.africa.upeace.org NONVIOLENT TRANSFORMATION OF CONFLICT—AFRICA Additional titles in this series: ‘Bite Not One Another’: Selected Accounts of Nonviolent Struggle in Africa Only Young Once: An Introduction to Nonviolent Struggle for Youths Also available: Teaching Model: Nonviolent Transformation of Conflict To order, contact [email protected] 4 NONVIOLENT TRANSFORMATION OF CONFLICT—AFRICA STRATEGIC NONVIOLENT STRUGGLE A TRAINING MANUAL Christopher A. Miller Mary E. King Series Editor EDUCATION FOR PEACE AFRICA University for Peace, Africa Programme PROGRAMME Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 5 Cover photo: Strained relations among the more than sixty ethnic groups in Côte d’Ivoire were exacerbated by the civil war that began in 99. Interethnic relations within the nation are thus a key factor in seeking a representative and democratic government and building national unity and sustainability.
    [Show full text]
  • UN-Mandated University for Peace CURRICULUM VITAE A
    CURRICULUM VITAE A. PERSONAL INFORMATION Name: Dr. Mihir Kanade Nationality: Indian Office Address: University for Peace, Apdo. 138-6100, Ciudad Colon, San Jose, Costa Rica. Email: [email protected] B. CURRENT PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE • Academic Coordinator, United Nations mandated University for Peace, Costa Rica (2016-present) • Head of Department, International Law and Human Rights, United Nations mandated University for Peace, Costa Rica (2014-present). • Director, Human Rights Centre, United Nations mandated University for Peace, Costa Rica (2009-present). • Adjunct Faculty a. Chaikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal (2013-present) b. Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain (2012-present) c. Long Island University, New York, United States (2014-present) • Member, International Advisory Board for ‘Business and Human Rights’, International Bar Association (2016). C. PAST PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE • Assistant Professor, Department of International Law and Human Rights, United Nations-mandated University for Peace, Costa Rica (2009-2014). • Short Term Consultant, United Nations University, Japan, on project titled ‘WTO Agreements, United Nations and Human Security’ (2009-2011) • Legal Practitioner, Supreme Court of India and Bombay High Court (2003-2008). D. ACADEMIC BACKGROUND: • Doctor in Peace and Conflict Studies, United Nations mandated University for Peace, Costa Rica (2015). Dissertation: The Multilateral Trading System and Human Rights: A Governance Space Theory on Linkages. • Masters in International Law and the Settlement of Disputes, UN-University for Peace, Costa Rica (2009). P.O. Box 138-6100, San José, Costa Rica Tel: + (506) 2205-9000 Fax: + (506) 2249-1929 UN-mandated University for Peace E-mail: [email protected] www.upeace.org • LL.B. (Professional Degree), Nagpur University’s Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Demise of the Nation-State: Towards a New Theory of the State Under International Law
    The Demise of the Nation-State: Towards a New Theory of the State Under International Law By James D. Wilets* I. INTRODUCTION It may seem premature to speak of the demise of the nation-state' when the last decade has seen the proliferation of ever-smaller nation-states throughout Eastern Europe and Asia and the demand for secession from national move- ments in countries as diverse as Canada, Yugoslavia, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Rus- sia, Spain and India. Nevertheless, the seemingly contradictory centrifugal forces of nationalism and the centripetal forces of confederation and federation are simply different stages of the same historical process that have been occur- ring since before the 17th century. 2 This historical process has consisted of * Assistant Professor of International Law, Nova Southeastern University, Shepard Broad Law Center; Executive Director, Inter-American Center for Human Rights. J.D., Columbia Univer- sity School of Law, 1987; M.A., Yale University, 1994. Consultant to the National Democratic Institute, 1994; the International Human Rights Law Group, 1992; and the United Nations in its Second Half Century, a project proposed by UN Secretary-General Boutros-Ghali and funded by the Ford Foundation. I would like to thank Sir Michael Howard and Michael Reisman for their valuable comments on the first drafts. I would also like to thank Johnny Burris, Tony Chase, Douglas Donoho, Kevin Brady, Carlo Corsetti, Luis Font, Marietta Galindez, Rhonda Gold, Elizabeth Iglesias, Jose Rodriguez, Stephen Schnably and the entire library staff at the NSU Law Center for their enormously valuable comments, input, assistance and support. Any and all errors in fact are entirely mine.
    [Show full text]
  • General Assembly Fourth Committee
    General Assembly Fourth Committee Recent Developments In its 67th session, the General Assembly adopted nearly 30 different texts based on the recommendation of the Special Political and Decolonization committee—or the General Assembly Fourth Committee.1 As per its mandate, the GA Fourth Committee produced draft resolutions and adopted reports on a plethora of topics, including but not limited to: the University for Peace, the work of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, decisions concerning decolonization, peacekeeping, the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), Israeli practices in Palestine, outer space, and information governance.2 The GA Fourth Committee produced four draft-resolutions on UNRWA: Assistance to Palestine refugees, Persons displaced as a result of the June 1967 and subsequent hostilities, Operations of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, and Palestine refugees’ properties and their revenues—all of which were contained within the GA Fourth’s report on the UNRWA.3 The first resolution—adopted with 170 in favor, 1 against, and 8 abstentions— regretted the continued plight of the refugees, specifically that they still required basic health, education and living assistance.4 The second resolution, with a similar amount of support, reaffirmed the right of return for Palestinian refugees.5 The third resolution, also with similar support, expressed concern with UNRWA’s current funding levels
    [Show full text]
  • Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict
    Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict Threats to European Security Stockholm International Peace Research Institute SIPRI is an independent institute for research into problems of peace and conflict, especially those of arms control and disarmament. It was established in 1966 to commemorate Sweden’s 150 years of unbroken peace. The Institute is financed mainly by the Swedish Parliament. The staff, the Governing Board and the Scientific Council are international. The Governing Board and the Scientific Council are not responsible for the views expressed in the publications of the Institute. Governing Board Professor Daniel Tarschys, MP, Chairman (Sweden) Sir Brian Urquhart, Vice Chairman (United Kingdom) Professor Catherine Kelleher (United States) Dr Oscar Arias Sánchez (Costa Rica) Dr Gyula Horn (Hungary) Dr Lothar Rühl (Germany) The Director Director Dr Adam Daniel Rotfeld (Poland) Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Pipers väg 28, S-170 73 Solna, Sweden Cable: SIPRI Telephone: 46 8/655 97 00 Telefax: 46 8/655 97 33 Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict Threats to European Security SIPRI Research Report No. 5 Stephen Iwan Griffiths OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1993 Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Kuala Lumpur Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland Madrid and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a trade mark of Oxford University Press Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © SIPRI 1993 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press.
    [Show full text]
  • Hofstra University Model United Nations Conference United Nations
    Hofstra University Model United Nations Conference United Nations General Assembly Special Political and Decolonization Committee Fourth Committee Elizabeth Wolf Chairperson 1 Delegates, Welcome to Hofstra University’s Model United Nations Conference! During this amazing conference, you will be spending a lot of time with me during committee sessions so I would just like to let you know a little bit about myself and my involvement with Model UN. I am currently a senior History and Geology double major with a minor in Sustainability at Hofstra. When I am not working on lab reports or working at one of my two jobs, I try to be an active member of the Hofstra community. I am Vice President of the Democrat club on campus that I helped establish my freshman year. I am also involved with the Geology club, Students for a Greener Hofstra, and a divestment campaign. I joined Model UN last spring because my dream career is to work with the United Nations Environmental Programme. HUMUN 2013 was my first Model UN conference. I had the honor of being dais for the Future Crisis Committee, where we worked with the issue of the Arctic race for resources after climate change had opened up a “Northwest Passage” and access to oil reserves in the region many years into the future. Delegates were forced to think of the effects of climate change on different countries and how to handle the new resources available in a way that helped not only individual countries, but also the world as a whole. I’m glad to say that I caught the Model UN “bug” and have come back to chair this year’s SPECPOL committee! During these committee sessions, we will be discussing the treatment of the Kurdish people in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey and the reformation of the UN Peacekeeping Missions to prevent abuses.
    [Show full text]
  • UNESCO's Work on Education for Peace and Non-Violence: Building
    UNESCO’S Work on Education for Peace and Non-Violence BUILDING PEACE THROUGH EDUCATION ED-2008/WS/38 ED-2008/WS/38 UNESCO’S Work on Education for Peace and Non-Violence BUILDING PEACE THROUGH EDUCATION ED-2008/WS/38 Education shall be directed toward the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and “ friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups and shall further ” the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. Article 26, The Universal Declaration of Human Rights The promotion of peace through education is The goal of UNESCO’s education programmes at the heart of UNESCO’s mission. As stated and partnerships is the development of com- in its constitution of 1945, UNESCO advances prehensive systems of education that embrace international peace and the common welfare the values of human rights, intercultural under- of humanity through educational, scientific and standing and tolerance. Education for peace cultural relations between peoples of the world. and non-violence promotes the knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviours that reflect and Though the world has changed over the past sixty inspire these values. years and continues to change at an ever in- creasing rate, UNESCO’s mission - a commitment The International Decade for a Culture to promoting universal values of peace and non- of Peace and Non-Violence for the violence, human rights and social justice, intercul- Children of the World, 2001-2010: tural dialogue and mutual understanding – persists with growing urgency. UNESCO’s approach to As the lead agency within the UN system for the educating for peace is multidimensional, in that International Decade for a Culture of Peace and it links education with a range of activities that Non-Violence for the Children of the World, 2001- address the root causes of violence, from human 2010, UNESCO is responsible for coordinating security to sustainable development.
    [Show full text]
  • Josette A. Baer, "National Emancipation, Not the Making Of
    NATIONAL EMANCIPATION, NOT THE MAKING OF SLOVAKIA: LUDOVIT STUR’S CONCEPTION OF THE SLOVAK NATION JOSETTE A. BAER Studies in Post-Communism Occasional Paper no. 2 (2003) Centre for Post-Communist Studies St. Francis Xavier University www.stfx.ca/pinstitutes/cpcs ISSN 1711-4284 Abstract Introduction1 In 2003, Slovakia entered the second decade of its In the history of European political thought, Ludovit independent statehood. The dismemberment of the Stur remains an unknown figure who never enjoyed wide Czechoslovak Federation in 1993 was followed by a bumpy scholarly interest like Thomas Garrigue Masaryk,2 the transition to democracy under the government of Vladimir founder of the Czechoslovak state. An interdisciplinary and Meciar. The year 2003 is also the 160th anniversary of the critical study assessing Stur’s philosophical and political Slovak written language. Ludovit Stur’s (1815-1856) ideas in English is still missing. Sutherland’s brief coinage of Slovak literary language in 1843 set the grounds biographical study gives a good account of Stur’s for the national movement. This interdisciplinary essay achievements for the Slovak language.3 Collections of Stur’s concerns the political thought of Stur, the Lutheran vicar and texts edited by Ambrus and a biography authored by Ruttkay ‘father of the Slovak language,’ on the historic background were published in Slovak, another Ruttkay study on Stur was of the pre-1848 Slovak national movement. I shall analyze translated in English, and Forst published a study on Stur’s selected texts of Stur focusing on a) the development of his journalistic activities in Czech.4 After the 1989 regime political thought and b) Romantic Pan-Slavism as the grand break in his thought.
    [Show full text]
  • References: Child Soldiers
    1 References: Child Soldiers Books Beah, Ishmael. A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier (Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 2008). Bok, Francis. Escape from Slavery: The True Story of My Ten Years in Captivity and My Journey to Freedom in America (St. Martin's Griffin, 2004). Brett, Rachel and Irma Specht. Young Soldiers: Why they Choose to Fight (Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2004). Briggs, Jimmie. Innocents Lost: When Child Soldiers Go to War (Basic Books, 2005). Dallaire, Romeo. They Fight Like Soldiers, They Die Like Children: The Global Quest to Eradicate the Use of Child Soldiers (Random House, 2010). Denov, Myriam. Child Soldiers: Sierra Leone's Revolutionary United Front (Cambridge University Press, 2010). de Temmerman, Els. Aboke Girls, Children Abducted in Northern Ugan da (Fountain Publishers, 1995). Dunson, Donald. Child, Victim, Soldier: The Loss of Innocence in Uganda (Orbis Books, 2008). Eichstaedt, Peter. First Kill Your Family: Child Soldiers of Uganda and the Lord's Resistance Army (Lawrence Hill Books, 2009). Gates, Scott and Simon Reich. Child Soldiers in the Age of Fractured States (University of Pittsburgh Press, 2009). Honwama, Alcinda. Child Soldiers in Africa (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007). Jal, Emmanuel. War Child: A Child Soldier's Story (St. Martin's Griffin, 2010). Kahn, Leora. Child Solders (PowerHouse Books, 2008). London, Charles. One Day the Soldiers Came: Voices of Children in War (Harper Perennial, 2007). McDonnell, Faith. Girl Soldier: A Story of Hope for Northern Uganda's Children (Chosen Books, 2007). Rosen, David M. Armies of the Young: Child Soldiers in War and Terrorism (Rutgers University Press, 2005). Singer, P.W.
    [Show full text]
  • A3299-B8-1-2-001-Jpeg.Pdf
    G> ) vl Recording made by Hilda Bernstein, 1j5th March 1973, on her recollections of the South African Peace Movement. I think there were two very important reasons why we started a Peace Movement - at least I was involved with these two reasons The first was a desire to do something about the menacing world situation since the dropping of the nuclear bombs in Japan, to outlaw nuclear weapons and to save the potential world from this terriDleXdisaster it was facing; and the second was the desire to link up any activities on this front in South Africa with some sort of international movement, particularly in South Africa because one is so terribly isolated there from world affairs. This was in the early 1950's, a kind of post-war activity which grew up: people who took an active part in politics in South Africa also of course followed what was happening overseas, inter­ national affairs as we called it, but a lot of South Africans are very much absorbed with their own problems which are real and near, and everything else seems so far away and nobody cares a damn about it. We felt a necessity to establish this international link. Now during the whole time of its existence the official peace movement in South Africa wasn't officially connected with the World Peace Council, but this was for safety reasons as far as the South African Government was concerned. But unofficially we kept our links with them, and wherever we could we sent people to conferences that were held.
    [Show full text]
  • Peace Initiatives in Colombia
    UNITED STATES InsTITUTE OF PEACE www.usip.org SPECIAL REPORT 1200 17th Street NW • Washington, DC 20036 • 202.457.1700 • fax 202.429.6063 ABOUT THE REPORT Nearly half-a-century old, the Colombian conflict has spawned a Virginia M. Bouvier long tradition of peace initiatives that offer innovative alternatives to violence. Peace Initiatives in Colombia, a conference sponsored by the United States Institute of Peace and the Latin American Studies Program at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, November 19–20, 2005, analyzed these initiatives from various perspectives and Harbingers of Hope identified the variables and strategies relevant to their success. The conference brought together contributors to a book on Colombian peace initiatives being edited by Virginia M. Bouvier, a Latin American Peace Initiatives in Colombia specialist and senior program officer of the Jennings Randolph Program at the U.S. Institute of Peace. Conference speakers included some twenty individuals from a broad range of academic fields, as well as human rights and development specialists, photographers, Summary and political and military analysts from Colombia, the United States, and Europe. A list of conference participants, about half of whom are • With the reelection of incumbent President Alvaro Uribe on May 28, 2006, a “ripe current or former USIP grantees or peace scholars, is at the end of moment” may be emerging for resolving Colombia’s long-standing armed conflict. this report. After exerting pressure on the guerrillas and demobilizing the largest paramilitary The conference was organized by Dr. Bouvier and Dr. Mary Roldán. organization during his first term, President Uribe is well positioned to pursue a Additional sponsors included Cornell’s Africana Studies and Research political solution to the conflict.
    [Show full text]