NONVIOLENT TRANSFORMATION OF CONFLICT—AFRICA STRATEGIC NONVIOLENT STRUGGLE: A TRAINING MANUAL Christopher A. Miller EDUCATION FOR PEACE AFRICA PROGRAMME The mission of the University for Peace is to provide humanity with an international institution of higher education for peace with the aim of promoting among all human beings a spirit of understanding, tolerance, and peaceful coexistence, to stimulate cooperation among peoples, and to help lessen obstacles and threats to world peace and progress in keeping with the noble aspirations proclaimed in the Char- ter of the United Nations. Charter of the University for Peace, Article , approved by the UN General Assembly in Resolution A/RES/5/55 University for Peace, Africa Programme PO Box 794, code 50 EDUCATION Addis Ababa, Ethiopia FOR PEACE AFRICA Tel: +5--68099 PROGRAMME Fax: +5--68099 Email:
[email protected] Website: www.africa.upeace.org NONVIOLENT TRANSFORMATION OF CONFLICT—AFRICA Additional titles in this series: ‘Bite Not One Another’: Selected Accounts of Nonviolent Struggle in Africa Only Young Once: An Introduction to Nonviolent Struggle for Youths Also available: Teaching Model: Nonviolent Transformation of Conflict To order, contact
[email protected] 4 NONVIOLENT TRANSFORMATION OF CONFLICT—AFRICA STRATEGIC NONVIOLENT STRUGGLE A TRAINING MANUAL Christopher A. Miller Mary E. King Series Editor EDUCATION FOR PEACE AFRICA University for Peace, Africa Programme PROGRAMME Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 5 Cover photo: Strained relations among the more than sixty ethnic groups in Côte d’Ivoire were exacerbated by the civil war that began in 99. Interethnic relations within the nation are thus a key factor in seeking a representative and democratic government and building national unity and sustainability.