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A Case Study of Sarki People from Naubise Vdc of Dhading District
16 Occasional Papers, Vol 11 SOCIO-CULTURAL SUBJECTIVITIES OF LANDLESSNESS IN NEPAL: A CASE STUDY OF SARKI PEOPLE FROM NAUBISE VDC OF DHADING DISTRICT Jailab Rai * Introduction Land is a primary resource for an agrarian economy in underdeveloped countries like Nepal. More than 85 percent of Nepal’s population lives in rural areas and more than 60 percent of the economically active population is involved in agriculture (HMG, 2003). Rapid population growth and increasing pressure on land resources to earn the much needed calorie is a major challenge in the country (Graner, 1997). In this context, the study of landlessness remains an important aspect of national agenda (Shrestha, 2001), particularly in the national inclusion process (Gurung, 2006). Moreover, the study of landlessness has become a policy debate and an issue of concern in the debates on national economic development (Shrestha, 2001). The sociological and anthropological understanding of landlessness has its own importance since it requires the analysis of cultural dimensions (Caplan, 1970 and 1972) as socio-cultural subjectivities in a historical context. The access to land resources or landlessness is an important social issue, which can be linked with social and cultural aspects of landless people as socio-cultural subjectivities in drawing out the implication of their access to land resources. This study deals with the socio-cultural subjectivities of landlessness with a focus on the Sarki people in the central hills of Nepal who are among the extremely marginalized groups of people in terms of the access and ownership to land resources. It reviews the process of * Jailab Rai holds M. -
373 Distribution Or Jats According to Settlement
- 373 DISTRIBUTION OR JATS ACCORDING TO SETTLEMENT ALTITUDES IN MIDDLE-NEPAL Walter A. Frank I. Nepal is a country of extreme diversities. The alti tudes range from a mere 70 m above sea level in her south ern plains up to the highest peak of the world with almost 9.000 m. The distance between these two levels is only 120 km, and within this short distance all the climatical zones of the earth can be found, with their corresponding flora and fauna. Whilst the general direction of the moun tain ranges is roughly east to west, all the great rivers flow transversally north to south. The population is multi ethnical and even multi-racial. To complicate the matter further, ethnic groups have no separate settlement areas, but the settlement pattern is a thoroughly mixed one, with ethnic majorities here and there. Since 1969 I attempt to work out an ethnical demography of the country. The first results, concerning the middle part of the country, were published in 1974. They cover an area of about 1/4 of the country and approximately 1/3 of her population. (Plate I) II. One of the points of interest in this investigation was, whether certain strata can be found within the popula tion, according to jat (ethnical group) and settlement alt tudes - an assumption, which can be found in many publica tions about Nepal. Therefore, together with the population data, we collected the altitudes of all the investigated village communities (gaon panchayats). As we worked on the files of local authorities, our investigation follows systematically the panchayat system, which is the admin- - 374 - istrative and political system of the country. -
Four Ana and One Modem House: a Spatial Ethnography of Kathmandu's Urbanizing Periphery
I Four Ana and One Modem House: A Spatial Ethnography of Kathmandu's Urbanizing Periphery Andrew Stephen Nelson Denton, Texas M.A. University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies, December 2004 B.A. Grinnell College, December 2000 A Disse11ation presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anthropology University of Virginia May 2013 II Table of Contents Introduction Chapter 1: An Intellectual Journey to the Urban Periphery 1 Part I: The Alienation of Farm Land 23 Chapter 2: From Newar Urbanism to Nepali Suburbanism: 27 A Social History of Kathmandu’s Sprawl Chapter 3: Jyāpu Farmers, Dalāl Land Pimps, and Housing Companies: 58 Land in a Time of Urbanization Part II: The Householder’s Burden 88 Chapter 4: Fixity within Mobility: 91 Relocating to the Urban Periphery and Beyond Chapter 5: American Apartments, Bihar Boxes, and a Neo-Newari 122 Renaissance: the Dual Logic of New Kathmandu Houses Part III: The Anxiety of Living amongst Strangers 167 Chapter 6: Becoming a ‘Social’ Neighbor: 171 Ethnicity and the Construction of the Moral Community Chapter 7: Searching for the State in the Urban Periphery: 202 The Local Politics of Public and Private Infrastructure Epilogue 229 Appendices 237 Bibliography 242 III Abstract This dissertation concerns the relationship between the rapid transformation of Kathmandu Valley’s urban periphery and the social relations of post-insurgency Nepal. Starting in the 1970s, and rapidly increasing since the 2000s, land outside of the Valley’s Newar cities has transformed from agricultural fields into a mixed development of planned and unplanned localities consisting of migrants from the hinterland and urbanites from the city center. -
Gender, Caste and Ethnic Exclusion in Nepal Gender, Caste and Ethnic Exclusion in Nepal
UNEQUAL CITIZENS UNEQUAL37966 Public Disclosure Authorized CITIZENS Gender, Caste and Ethnic Exclusion in Nepal Gender, Caste and Ethnic Exclusion in Nepal Caste and Ethnic Exclusion Gender, THE Department For International WORLD DFID Development SUMMARY BANK The World Bank DFID Nepal Nepal Office P.O. Box 106 P.O. Box 798 Kathmandu, Nepal Yak and Yeti Hotel Tel.: 5542980 Complex Fax: 5542979 Durbar Marg Public Disclosure Authorized Kathmandu, Nepal Tel.: 4226792, 4226793 E-mail Fax: 4225112 [email protected] Websites www.worldbank.org.np, Website www.bishwabank.org.np www.dfid.gov.uk Public Disclosure Authorized DFID Development International Department For ISBN 99946-890-0-2 9 799994 689001 > BANK WORLD THE Public Disclosure Authorized A Kathmandu businessman gets his shoes shined by a Sarki. The Sarkis belong to the leatherworker subcaste of Nepal’s Dalit or “low caste” community. Although caste distinctions and the age-old practices of “untouchability” are less rigid in urban areas, the deeply entrenched caste hierarchy still limits the life chances of the 13 percent of Nepal’s population who belong to the Dalit caste group. UNEQUAL CITIZENS Gender, Caste and Ethnic Exclusion in Nepal SUMMARY THE Department For International WORLD DFID Development BANK THE Department For International WORLD DFID Development BANK The World Bank DFID Nepal Nepal Office P.O. Box 106 P.O. Box 798 Kathmandu, Nepal Yak and Yeti Hotel Complex Tel.: 5542980 Durbar Marg Fax: 5542979 Kathmandu, Nepal Tel.: 4226792, 4226793 E-mail Fax: 4225112 [email protected] Websites www.worldbank.org.np, Website www.bishwabank.org.np www.dfid.gov.uk A copublication of The World Bank and the Department For International Development, U.K. -
A Case Study of Jaad Bhotiya Community
International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS) ISSN: 2394-4404 Volume 7 Issue 4, April 2020 Changing Pattern Of Transhumance Pastoralism In Upper Bhagirathi Basin: A Case Study Of Jaad Bhotiya Community Vinod Singh Prof. D. C. Goswami Lecturer of Geography Assistant Director, Higher Education, Uttarakhand Abstract: Transhumance Pastoralism is ancient occupations which play an important role in the ecology and economy of the upper Bhagirathi basin. Jaad (Bhotiya) is a saddled Tribe of Uttarakhand. In winter the Jaad (Bhotiya) peoples live at Dunda and during t the summer they move to higher places Bagori and Harsil. These pastoralists move from lower altitudes of the sivalik Himalaya to higher Bugyal (alpine) regions in summer and return back to lower altitudes with the onset of autumn. In the recent time Jaad (Bhotiya) continually left the transhumant Pastoralism and attracting to others occupation. Keywords: Transhumance, Pastoralism, Jaad Bhotiya, Dunda, Bagori, Bugyals. I. INTRODUCTION The study area is located in border district Uttarkashi of Uttarakhand in upper Bhagirathi basin. Bagori (30002ʹ N/ 78045ʹ E) and Dunda (30042ʹ N / 78020ʹ E)are such two villages in upper Bhagirathi basin, where the Jaad Bhotiya tribe live. Agriculture (Rajma) and horticulture are the subsidiary practices of the Jaad community; they are however engaged in transhumance. Bhotiya is a one of the most popular scheduled tribe of Uttarakhand, people of this community living in upper Bhagirathi basin are known as Jaad. The most of the families of Jaad community move Dunda to Bagori in summer, but one or two family members move with their herds of sheep and goats between the shivaliks touching Dehradun, Rishikesh region and the high altitude Bugyals. -
Changes in Livelihood and Caste Relations in Udipur
Change in ........ Subedi Changes in Livelihood and Caste Relations in Udipur ? Madhusudan SUBEDI Abstract There have been changes in the economic and social relations in Nepal. The market has been providing opportunities for choosing livelihood options. Livelihood diversification, particularly non-farm, appears to be growing in extent and importance in recent years. Although local wage labor has increased in farm sector, agriculture is not a path out of poverty. The relationship between caste and hereditary occupations has been less significant and there has occurred a significant shift in the bases of power. There is an increase in class consciousness and a decrease in caste consciousness; wealth is replacing birth as the basis of social power and prestige. Keywords: livelihood diversification, power relations, Jajmani system, social transformation 1. Introduction This paper presents caste relations and social transformation. It has focused principally to examine the livelihood change and its impact in caste relations in rural area which I call ‘Udipur’ located in a hilly district. I argue that changes in means of living and occupational diversification have contributed to shift caste-based relations. I had been in Udipur as a high school teacher for one and half years during 1986-87. The place was revisited in 2012-13. A caste does not exist itself. According to Leach (1960:5), ‘a caste can only be recognized in contrast to the other caste with which its members are closely involved in a network of economic, political and ritual relationships’. Deshpande (2011) argues that caste-based occupational structure has undergone a profound change and the link between caste and occupation is broken. -
The Intended and Unintended Consequences of AIDS Prevention Among Badi in Tulispur
Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies Volume 20 Article 8 Number 1 Himalayan Research Bulletin no. 1 & 2 2000 The nI tended and Unintended Consequences of AIDS Prevention Among Badi in Tulispur Thomas E. Cox Nagoya City University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya Recommended Citation Cox, Thomas E. (2000) "The nI tended and Unintended Consequences of AIDS Prevention Among Badi in Tulispur," Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies: Vol. 20: No. 1, Article 8. Available at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol20/iss1/8 This Research Article is brought to you for free and open access by the DigitalCommons@Macalester College at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Himalaya, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Intended and Unintended Consequences of AIDS Prevention Among Badi in Tulispur Thomas E. Cox Nagoya City University Introduction This paper begins with a short history ofBadi prostitu tion. The second section examines relations between Badi The Badi are an untouchable Hindu caste, with a popu and high-caste Nepalese before the implementation of AIDS lation of between seven and eight thousand, who live in prevention programs in the early 1990's. The third section scattered settlements throughout the Salyan, Rolpa, Rukum, explains why Tulsipur's Badi community has been the fo Dailekh, Seti, Jajarkot, Dang-Deukhuri, Banke and Bardiya cus of AIDS prevention efforts. -
Chemjong Cornellgrad 0058F
“LIMBUWAN IS OUR HOME-LAND, NEPAL IS OUR COUNTRY”: HISTORY, TERRITORY, AND IDENTITY IN LIMBUWAN’S MOVEMENT A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Dambar Dhoj Chemjong December 2017 © 2017 Dambar Dhoj Chemjong “LIMBUWAN IS OUR HOME, NEPAL IS OUR COUNTRY”: HISTORY, TERRITORY, AND IDENTITY IN LIMBUWAN’S MOVEMENT Dambar Dhoj Chemjong, Ph. D. Cornell University 2017 This dissertation investigates identity politics in Nepal and collective identities by studying the ancestral history, territory, and place-naming of Limbus in east Nepal. This dissertation juxtaposes political movements waged by Limbu indigenous people with the Nepali state makers, especially aryan Hindu ruling caste groups. This study examines the indigenous people’s history, particularly the history of war against conquerors, as a resource for political movements today, thereby illustrating the link between ancestral pasts and present day political relationships. Ethnographically, this dissertation highlights the resurrection of ancestral war heroes and invokes war scenes from the past as sources of inspiration for people living today, thereby demonstrating that people make their own history under given circumstances. On the basis of ethnographic examples that speak about the Limbus’ imagination and political movements vis-à-vis the Limbuwan’s history, it is argued in this dissertation that there can not be a singular history of Nepal. Rather there are multiple histories in Nepal, given that the people themselves are producers of their own history. Based on ethnographic data, this dissertation also aims to debunk the received understanding across Nepal that the history of Nepal was built by Kings. -
8 from Geographical Periphery to Conceptual Centre: the Travels of Ngagchang Shakya Zangpo and the Discovery of Hyolmo Identity
Davide Torri 8 From Geographical Periphery to Conceptual Centre: The Travels of Ngagchang Shakya Zangpo and the Discovery of Hyolmo Identity This chapter will explore and analyze dynamics of cultural production in a particular context, the Helambu valley (Nepal). The valley is home to the Hyolmo, a Nepalese minority of Tibetan origin, whose culture seems to have been shaped by the particular agency, within a sacred geography (Yolmo Gangra), of a specific class of cultural agents, namely the so-called reincarnated lamas and treasure discoverers. One of them, in particular, could be considered the cultural hero par excellence of the Hyolmo due to his role in establishing and maintaining long lasting relationships between distant power places, and to his spiritual charisma. His legacy still lives on among the people of Helambu, and his person is still revered as the great master who opened the outer, inner, and secret doors of the Yolmo Gangra. The role of treasure discov- erers – or tertön (gter ston)1 – in the spread of Buddhism across the Himalayas is related to particular conceptions regarding the landscape and especially to the key-theme of the “hidden lands” or beyul (sbas yul). But the bonds linking a community to its territory are not simply an historical by-product. As in the case of the Hyolmo, the relationship between people, landscape, and memory is one of the main features of the identity-construction processes that constitute one of the most relevant elements of contemporary Nepalese politics. 1 Tibetan names and expressions are given in phonetic transcription, with a transliteration ac- cording to the Wylie system added in brackets after their first occurrence (or after a slash when entirely inside brackets). -
Dalits and Labour in Nepal: Discrimination and Forced Labour
Decent Work for all Women and Men in Nepal International Labour Office Nepal Dalits and Labour in Nepal: Discrimination and Forced Labour Series 5 Decent Work for all Women and Men in Nepal Dalits and Labour in Nepal: Discrimination and Forced Labour Series 5 International Labour Organization ILO in Nepal Copyright © International Labour Organization 2005 First published 2005 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to the Publications Bureau (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered in the United Kingdom with the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP [Fax: (+44) (0)20 7631 5500; email: [email protected]], in the United States with the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 [Fax: (+1) (978) 750 4470; email: [email protected]] or in other countries with associated Reproduction Rights Organizations, may make photocopies in accordance with the licenses issued to them for this purpose. Dalits and Labour in Nepal: Discrimination and Forced Labour Kathmandu, Nepal, International Labour Office, 2005 ISBN 92-2-115351-7 The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. -
EUROPEAN BULLETIN of HIMALAYAN RESEARCH European Bulletin of Himalayan Research
52 Winter 2018 EBHR EUROPEAN BULLETIN OF HIMALAYAN RESEARCH European Bulletin of Himalayan Research The European Bulletin of Himalayan Research (EBHR) was founded by the late Richard Burghart in 1991. It is the result of a partnership between France (Centre d’Etudes Himalayennes, CNRS, Paris), Germany (South Asia Institute, University of Heidelberg) and the United Kingdom (School of Oriental and African Studies [SOAS]). From 2014 to 2018 the editorial board is based at the South Asia Institute (SAI) in Heidelberg, Germany and comprises William Sax (SAI, Managing Editor), Christoph Bergmann (SAI), Christiane Brosius (Karl Jaspers Centre, Heidelberg), Julia Dame (SAI), Axel Michaels (SAI), Marcus Nuesser (SAI), Karin Polit (SAI), Mona Schrempf (Berlin), Anja Wagner, Astrid Zotter (SAI), Heleen Plaisier, and Arik Moran (University of Haifa, book reviews editor). The EBHR’s contributing editors are Martijn van Beek (University of Aarhus) Tone Bleie (University of Tromso) Ben Campbell (Durham University) Pascale Dollfus (CNRS, Paris) Martin Gaenszle (University of Vienna) David Gellner (University of Oxford) Ingemar Grandin (Linkoping University) Sondra Hausner (University of Oxford) Marie Lecomte-Tilouine (CNRS, Paris) Chiara Letizia (University of Milano-Bicocca) Fiona McConnell (University of Newcastle) Axel Michaels (University of Heidelberg) Matthew Nelson (SOAS) Judith Pettigrew (University of Limerick) Philippe Ramirez (CNRS, Paris) Anne de Sales (CNRS, Paris) Surya Subedi (University of Leeds) Mark Watson (Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh) -
A Study on the Socio-Economic Status of Indigenous Peoples in Nepal
A Study on the Socio-Economic Status of Indigenous Peoples in Nepal Study Team: Dr. Chaitanya Subba Pro. Dr. Bishwamber Pyakuryal Mr. Tunga Shiromani Bastola Mr. Mohan Khajum Subba Mr. Nirmal Kumar Raut Mr. Baburam Karki A Study on the Socio-Economic Status of Indigenous Peoples in Nepal Copyright © 2014 The authors, Lawyers' Association for Human Rights of Nepalese Indigenous Peoples (LAHURNIP) and The International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), 2014-All Rights Researved. Published by Lawyers' Association for Human Rights of Nepalese Indigenous Peoples (LAHURNIP) Ghattekulo-Anamnagar, Kathmandu Nepal Tel : 977-01-4770710 P.O.Box, 11179, Sundhara, Kathmandu E-mail :[email protected] website: www.lahurnip.org This book has been published with financial support from The International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA) Classengade 11 E, DK 2100-Copenhagen, Denmark Tel (+45) 35 27 05 00 - Fax (+45) 35 27 05 07 E-mail : [email protected] Web : www.iwgia.org First Edition: 2014 1000 Copies No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrival system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission. CONTENTS Preface i Executive Summary iii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1. Context 1 2. Objectives of the Study 8 3. Expected output 8 4. Tasks assigned 8 CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY 10 2.1. Background 10 2.2. Nepal Living Standards Survey 2010/11 11 2.3. Level of Data Disaggregation 13 2.4. Analyses and Contents of the Report 22 CHAPTER 3 POVERTY 24 3.1. Frame of Reference 24 3.2.