New Mexico Archaeology The Newsletter of the Friends of Archaeology , 2008 May May, 2009

From the Director The Center for New Mexico Archaeology is pushing ahead at full throttle. Lockwood Construction Headlines and sound bytes of Santa Fe, which will be our contractor, should break ground on the heels of Jessica’s excavations of Too much is going on to even think of devoting my that pesky little Archaic site that was in the way of the space in this newsletter to a single topic. So, here project. (The irony is not lost on us). Although field goes. work is ongoing as I write this, the area appears to The upcoming trip to the Four Corners area at the have been a favorite long term but low intensity camp end of July will give Friends of Archaeology (FOA) site in the pre-agricultural period. members a chance to see “up to the minute” research by Crow Canyon Archaeological Center (CCAC) on Eric Blinman, Ph.D. the status of Mesa Verdean Pueblo peoples OAS Director immediately prior to the abandonment of the Four Corners area. This comes on the heels of the Office of From the Field and Lab Archaeological Studies (OAS) staff’s completing the edits on our forthcoming book chapter in Time of Peril, Investigations and Monitoring Time of Change: Explaining Thirteenth-Century Pueblo Migration, which looks at Mesa Verde abandonment SF County Judicial Complex Site (LA 156207) and migration from a distinctly Northern Rio Grande perspective. We are planning to follow this trip with As that noisy hole in the ground at the northeast future FOA trips to central New Mexico and to corner of Sandoval St. and Montezuma Ave. is southern Arizona. The trips will look at migration transformed into a modern judicial complex, the destinations in both areas for Mesa Verde and clamor of preceding occupations and land use Kayenta refugees as well as other aspects of local activities is still clearly audible in the archaeological archaeology. The CCAC and OAS staffs aren’t always and archival records. in agreement on what happened during migrations and abandonments, but I think the dialog that’s going on now represents archaeological research at its best. Abandonment is a hot topic in the media as well, and we are working out the details for providing some props for a National Geographic television special on Chaco and Mesa Verde that includes abandonments. This could be sort of like the “arrow project,” only more diverse. At the same time we are providing a smaller number of props for a WGBH film segment in the series on “God in America.” If we aren’t careful, serving the needs of the film industry may become a cottage industry for FOA and OAS. Speaking of the arrow project, the History Museum staff is so happy with our work that they are keeping the arrows “under wraps” until the museum opening — a savory surprise for the initial wave of visitors Memorial Day Excavation at the Santa Fe Judicial Complex. weekend! Photo by. Steven A. Lakatos

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Investigations conducted over the past year Our work was undertaken as part of a stabilization indicate that this parcel of land was initially occupied effort that involved installing a system of helical during the late Coalition/early Classic period (A.D. anchors, driven into the ground adjacent to the 1270-1400). This temporal component appears to be a foundation to support a steel angle iron inserted small farmstead with an activity area, processing directly beneath the foundation. features and a small pit structure. As a result of this work, OAS archaeologists Artifacts dating to the subsequent Spanish Colonial Jessica Badner, Susan Moga and Stephen Post had an occupation of Santa Fe (A.D. 1610-1821), likely opportunity to document the rooms’ construction associated with the Barrio De Analco to the north, sequence provided by exposed existing foundations were recovered from the once tilled fields also and six additional previously unrecorded foundation identified in the project area. During the late stubs. Most easily identified were suspected privy nineteenth century the project area began to change walls, depicted on the Grounds of the Palace at Santa from household level subsistence based occupations to Fe, 1869 map (History Library, Palace of the more commercial and market based occupations. Governors, Museum of New Mexico), the center wall These changes appear to have created vacant land, a of which formerly divided the east and west Print convenient location to bury unwanted debris and the Shop sections. One foundation stub, located in the need to level off subsiding field locations, sometimes Palace’s present security office, was constructed of with off-site materials. limestone block and may date to Nusbaum’s 1910 By the 1930s the land that once supported nearby remodel. A single layer of cobble beneath the south households with agricultural produce and perhaps Print Shop wall could be a pavement associated with graze land became business properties and residential an open exterior yard mapped in 1868. Two additional compounds. Excavation of Depression era features in stubs, probably of Spanish Colonial construction, may one such compound revealed that a minimum of three correspond to north to south running cross walls, households contributed to the cultural material previously documented during excavations behind the recovered from a privy built, used and abandoned Palace of the Governors, and provide an expanded between 1931 and 1939. Although multiple families footprint for the previously excavated Presidio era used and discarded refuse in this feature, analysis building. showed that these households were all of lower economic status. Strongly represented in the artifact Jessica Badner assemblages were women of child bearing age, infants OAS Project Director and small children. Little evidence for adult males or adolescent children was identified. Over the years this Monitoring at Los Luceros residential compound gave way to more commercial enterprises within the project area, including service During December, 2008 and January, 2009, I stations, nightclubs and stores. monitored utility trenches that had been dug on the Now the role this parcel of land plays in the Los Luceros property in Alcalde. The project’s community is changing once again. Yet after the purpose was to examine the fill and artifact content sounds generated from the earthmovers, drill rigs and that was present in the trenches in order to gain a builders have faded, the statements of participation in better understanding of the history of Los Luceros. community formation from those previous Most trenches ran the entire length of the property occupations will still be heard through the from the Rio Grande to the Los Luceros office on the documented archaeological and archival efforts east side of the property. The fill from the Old House supported by Santa Fe County. to the river didn’t reveal much culturally, as it was mostly sand and river cobbles. Steven A. Lakatos As the trench entered the area near the Old House OAS Archaeologist on the west side of the property, artifacts started appearing in the fill about 50 centimeters deep. Near Monitoring at the Palace of the Governors the equipment storage area there were rusted pieces of metal that represented tractor parts and pieces of red In late February and early March OAS conducted brick. In front of the Old House the artifacts, monitoring of the Palace of the Governors Print Shop. represented by glass, animal bone, ceramics and

Friends of Archaeology May Newsletter Page 3 pieces of red brick, increased in number and indicated a range of dates from the early to mid 1800s. As the trench moved away from the Old House, a decrease in OAS Brown Bag Talks the number of artifacts suggested less activity in that area. More OAS Brown Bag lunch time talks are scheduled Some early ceramic sherds were recovered in an for this summer. We are fortunate that the New old arroyo deposit about 50 meters east of the Old Mexico Film Museum will continue to sponsor the House at a depth of about 80 centimeters. These venue at its theater located at 418 Montezuma. Doors ceramics consisted of Biscuit Wares and Smeared will open at 11:45 AM, and the talks will start at indented corrugated sherds, which more than likely 12:00 PM. Mark the dates of these three Tuesdays on washed down from the Pioge site, located about 300 your calendars, and we will see you then. meters from this location. These ceramics could also June 23 Mollie S. Toll, OAS Archaeobotany have been in the fields farmed by the inhabitants of Lab Director. “Evolution of a Cuisine Con Ganas.” Pioge. Most of the artifacts found on the property New Mexico's distinctive and enthusiastic cuisine is a were on display for the annual Chile and Sherds event reflection of botanical and cultural immigrations and on April 26, 2009. adoptions over many centuries. Archaeobotanical recoveries from recent excavations in downtown Rick Montoya Santa Fe and surrounding communities contribute OAS Archaeologist some revealing insights. July 28 Matthew Barbour, OAS Historical Archaeologist. “Twentieth-Century Urban Education Outreach Update Archaeology in the South Capitol District of Santa Education Outreach Across New Fe.” The early 20th century saw some important Mexico changes in the social and economic life in the United States. How were the citizens of the City Different At the close of the July to December half of Fiscal affected by these turbulent times? Investigation of the Year 2009, the Office of Archaeological Studies State Capitol Structure site melds archaeological and Education Outreach program delivered 45 outreach historical data, providing insight into how families activities to an audience of 8,816, consisting of 5,735 and small businesses coped as economic opportunities adults and 3,081 children. This was our single highest may have diminished or changed. audience count in the 17 year history of OAS August 25 Robert Dello-Russo, Ph.D. “The outreach. Having presented outreach events in 21 New Caja del Rio Site and Late Paleoindians in Mexico counties, we hope to target the remaining 12 Northern New Mexico.” Recent archaeological counties over the course of the coming year. There research in northern New Mexico points to a were numerous notable encounters over the course of significant presence of Late Paleoindian groups in the the last six months. We celebrated our thirteenth year valleys of the Rio Grande and the Rio Chama. Using of interacting with enthusiastic birders at the Festival X-ray fluorescence technology, current research of the Cranes. exposes probable routes of movement, scales of We have now talked to over 19,000 people in mobility and tool stone sources exploited by Late Socorro County, our second highest county audience Paleoindian groups in the region. The results of recent count, behind Santa Fe County with over 25,000 test excavations at the Caja del Rio Site near Santa Fe people. OAS archaeologists toured the Pajarito are also evaluated in terms of potential for intact, Late

Plateau with four visiting Egyptian archaeologists and Paleoindian deposits. interacted with a young descendant of the Apache Chief Victorio at Tularosa Elementary School. We Trip Report continue to proudly carry the torch forward in Marfa presenting New Mexico’s past to the public.

The February, 2009 Marfa & Big Bend trip has

returned! Images by Richard Hasbrouck are on the Chuck Hannaford Internet for you to view. Sorry, folks. Black and white OAS Education Outreach Coordinator just doesn’t do these photos justice. The address for

Friends of Archaeology May Newsletter Page 4 the direct link is listed below. Or type SmugMug into finishing work took five days. OAS staffer Karen your browser and search “Southwest Texas.” Wening gently and aptly guided each shaft to set and anchor it to a rack. A spider web of lines, holding each http://querencia.smugmug.com/gallery/7464410_9fL9 arrow in place and hanging imperceptibly above, N#487389349_a6LrA resulted.. Come see this FOA contribution to the New Mexico History Museum, opening May 24.

Arrow Making Phase 2 Barbara Chatterjee In Praise of Monofilament OAS Volunteer

300 arrows flying in unison—you’ll feel like you arrived in the heat of the battle.

The arrows that a couple of stalwart FOA teams constructed to represent the number of arrow points found or excavated at the Palace of the Governors are now installed at the new History Museum’s permanent Pueblo Revolt exhibit.

Cartoon by Dave Brewer

Membership Meet the New FOA Board Members

FOA board members are elected by the current board members to serve a maximum of 6 years. As a result of term limits and recent resignations from the FOA board, we are pleased to announce the election of 3

new board members: Dave Brewer, Paula Dransfield Karen Wening anchors arrows to a rack that will and Missy Head. Each has demonstrated a passion for suspend them from the ceiling. archaeology and the cultures of the Southwest. Photo by Dave Brewer During his 15 year Santa Fe residency Dave Brewer has served as a docent for the Museum of One group built the hanging racks. Attached to the Indian Arts and Culture (MIAC). Dave’s art ceiling, the racks can be lowered by pulleys for education, including a B.F.A. in fine arts from the maneuvering and maintaining the arrows. Meanwhile, University of Kansas, and his extensive work in the comfort of Dave Brewer’s studio, the arrow experience in graphic design and art direction for maker team patiently tied and knotted lengths of various publishers, have already found practical nearly invisible, 2-1/2 pound monofilament line to application for the Museum of New Mexico. He each end of the arrows and then to toothpicks that crafted a cliff dwelling model, a prehistoric pit house would be inserted into holes in the racks. The and games and puzzles for the MIAC children's room.

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He and his wife Sallie provided studio space for the final stages of arrow construction for the New Mexico Upcoming Trips History Museum, participating in and photographing Three-day Field Trips each stage of the construction and installation processes. Some FOA members may already know The Four Corners Region of the Colorado Plateau Dave from his active participation in the Santa Fe July 31- August 2, 2009 Archaeological Society. Currently artist Dave is working in the media of wood carving, oils, A sweeping panorama of mountains, mesas, canyons watercolor and jewelry. and pinnacles encircling the present day community of Paula Schreiber Dransfield is a child of the Cortez, Colorado, forms a natural backdrop for the Manhattan Project who grew up in the Española masonry vestiges of ancient Pueblo Indian settlers valley just across the river from San Ildefonso Pueblo. who farmed on the Colorado Plateau more than a Climbing Black Mesa, exploring the banks of the Rio millennium ago. As early as about A.D. 600, Puebloan Grande and riding on horseback from Otowi Bridge to people built communities with features that ranged Frijoles Canyon or through the barrancas to the Baca from pit houses to multistory villages with kivas and Land Grant fence line started Paula on a trail of plazas. interest in archaeology and love for the Southwest. Thanks to a collaboration with Crow Canyon After a career in personnel and security at Los Alamos Archaeological Research Center (CCAC), OAS and National Laboratory, Paula joined Recursos de Santa FOA are offering trip participants the opportunity to Fe. Putting her organizational talents to use, she visit sites that are lesser known and off the beaten managed trips for the Smithsonian, other museums public path. and universities. She and her husband Geoffrey We will begin our trip by gathering for lunch at Dransfield have traveled globally together. In addition CCAC in Cortez, where our host, Mark Varien, VP of to the September, 2009 FOA Downtown Chaco trip, Programs, will talk on Mesa Verde region population Paula is designing an FOA archaeological road trip to dynamics and settlement patterns. After visiting the southern and central Arizona for spring, 2010. CCAC laboratory, replicated Basketmaker and Pueblo Missy Head, the daughter of an Osage III structures, and experimental gardens directed by tribal council member, grew up finding fossils and present day Native Americans, we will travel to a high arrow heads on a ranch near Tulsa, Oklahoma. After point overlooking Lake McPhee and the ancestral graduating from the University of Tulsa with a B.S. in Pueblo landscape. psychology and political science, she launched into a Saturday morning we will visit the Albert Porter career spanning social work and counseling to owning site, a mesa-top Chacoan outlier, led by the former her own management company that provided project director of excavations, Susan Ryan. Susan, development for nonprofit and social service whose work here revealed a Chacoan great house programs. Missy said that two highlights of her surrounded by many smaller roomblocks, has working life were serving as residential director for documented in detail the transition from the Chacoan the large downtown homeless shelter in San Diego to post Chacoan periods of the Mesa Verde region. and the establishment and development of the Native Next we travel to Lowry Pueblo (A.D. 1060-1225) to American Coalition and the Urban Indian Health learn how life in this community was affected by programs. Her husband John Head is an ocean Chacoan influence. We will enjoy a picnic lunch. engineer who has a business in Santa Fe making Saturday afternoon we will go to Goodman Point, subsea enclosures. Missy is the FOA organizer for the under excavation during our visit. Goodman Point May 9 Puye day trip. became the first archaeological area to be set aside for We welcome Dave, Paula and Missy to the FOA protection in the U.S. when it was withdrawn from board, and we look forward to their volunteer homesteading in 1889. The 143 acre preserve features leadership involvement. 42 sites that include a great pueblo, ancient roads and agricultural fields. CCAC’s Senior Research Penny Gómez Archaeologist and site excavation director, Kristin FOA Membership Coordinator Kuckelman, will be our guide for Goodman as well as for our next stop, Sand Canyon Pueblo. Excavated by CCAC crews during the 1990s, Sand Canyon Pueblo

Friends of Archaeology May Newsletter Page 6 has 420 rooms, 100 kivas and 14 towers. We will end “downtown.” As a result of this study, Wolky and our day at Big Point with spectacular views that others were able to demonstrate that great numbers of include Monument Valley in the distance. goods came to Chaco from all parts of the Pueblo Sunday morning we will wind our way through world, evidenced by the intriguing convergence of beautiful McElmo Canyon to Castle Rock Pueblo, Chaco roads at Pueblo Alto. situated on and around a steep sided butte. Crow The trip starts Friday afternoon, September 25, Canyon’s excavations there in the early 1990s yielded with arrivals at the group camping site in Chaco important new information about warfare and violence Canyon. There are motels in Bloomfield and Aztec, in the last years of Puebloan occupation of the Mesa about 1.5 hours from Chaco, for those of you who will Verde region (A.D. 1250-1285). Our guide, Scott not be camping. Participants are responsible for Ortman, CCAC’s Director of Research, will share his Friday night’s meal. After setting up our camp site additional research in this area, which sheds light on and dinner, we’ll have a welcome program, followed possible shrine sites. We will conclude our trip by by the Chaco Night Sky presentation at the Chaco visiting Yucca House, a late Pueblo III valley site Canyon visitor center. adjacent to two springs. Saturday we’ll hike up the mesa to Pueblo Alto, The cost of $320 per person includes lunch on where we’ll spend the morning learning about trade, Friday and Saturday, dinner on Friday night, trade routes and the peoples who were involved. We’ll archaeological scholars’ fees and a $125 tax have lunch back at the base of the mesa, then go on to deductible contribution to the OAS research and explore the great houses and the great kiva, Casa education program. Participants will be responsible Rinconada. That evening we’ll stuff ourselves with for their own transportation and lodging. However, a Eric’s great cooking. group rate has been arranged at the Holiday Inn Sunday we’ll do a 7 mile roundtrip hike to largely Express in Cortez. Temperatures will be warm in late unexcavated Peñasco Blanco, one of the earliest great July, and days may include afternoon monsoon rains. houses, with an even earlier precursor on the bench Because light to moderate hiking is required to reach above it. Taking our lunch with us for trail dining, some of the sites, participants should be adequately we’ll walk past the supernova pictograph, petroglyph prepared with hiking shoes and water bottles. panels and agricultural features. The trail is mostly flat Reservations can be made on or after June 1 by calling but sandy, with an easy climb to the pueblo at the end. the FOA Reservation Hotline: (505) 982-7799, ext. 5. The hike does require crossing the normally, but not always, dry Chaco Wash. Anne Beckett The cost of $310 per person includes breakfast on FOA Trip Coordinator Saturday and Sunday, a picnic lunch on Saturday and Sunday, dinner Saturday night, archaeological guide Downtown Chaco fees and expenses, group insurance, the group September 25-27, 2009 camping fee and a $125 tax deductible contribution to the FOA research and education program. Eric In a stretch of dry canyon in the middle of what some Blinman has graciously volunteered to provide his today consider nowhere are three major great houses: gourmet camp cooking expertise for dinner Saturday Pueblo del Arroyo, Pueblo Bonito, and Chetro Ketl. night and breakfast Sunday morning. Participants are Across the canyon is the great kiva, Casa Rinconada, responsible for their own transportation and entrance surrounded by dozens of habitations. Above them on fee of $8 per person. the mesa to the north is the Pueblo Alto great house. September temperatures average between 47 Together these structures encompass “Downtown degrees at night and 82 degrees during the day. Chaco,” where rich examples of many aspects of the Moderate, sustained hiking is required to reach the Chaco story are concentrated. sites. The Pueblo Alto trail requires passing through a OAS and FOA are sponsoring a weekend trip to boulder field over a somewhat exposed sandstone Chaco Culture National Historical Park led by Wolky ledge. The Chaco Canyon web site advises, “When Toll, who was a member of the National Park

Service’s Chaco Project in the 1970s and ‘80s’. Join the Friends of Archaeology During that time the Chaco Project focused on Pueblo Membership is free for Museum of New Mexico Alto, as well as smaller sites up the canyon from Foundation members. Dial (505) 982-6366, ext. 106.

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September temperatures average between 47 degrees at night and 82 degrees during the day. Moderate, Office of Archaeological Studies sustained hiking is required to reach the sites. The Pueblo Alto trail requires passing through a boulder The Office of Archaeological Studies (OAS) was the field over an exposed sandstone ledge. The Chaco first museum program of its kind in the United States. Canyon web site advises, “When hiking the canyon, Its staff conducts international field and laboratory be prepared for heat, rain, wind and unexpected research, offers educational opportunities for school changes in temperature. Carry a rain poncho and a groups and civic organizations and works to preserve, jacket or sweater. Wear hiking boots and a wide protect and interpret New Mexico’s prehistoric and brimmed hat, and use sunscreen. Carry and drink extra historic sites. water. Eat lots of snacks. Take your time adjusting to the altitude and don't overdo.” Reservations can be If you would like to know more about OAS, please made on or after August 1 by calling the FOA see our Weblink: www.nmarchaeology.org Reservation Hotline at (505) 992-2715, ext. 8.

Wolky Toll Friends of Archaeology OAS Archaeologist The Friends of Archaeology is a support group of the Museum of New Mexico Foundation for the Museum Day Trips of New Mexico, Office of Archaeological Studies.

Otowi Mission Statement July 18, 2009 The mission of the Friends of Archaeology is to Otowi or Potsuwi’i (gap where the water sinks) is support the Office of Archaeological Studies in the nestled among the pines along the north side of achievement of its archaeological services mandate Pueblo Canyon. Many of us traveling up the “main from the state of New Mexico by participation in and hill” to Los Alamos have driven past this large funding of research and education. ancestral Tewa village where extensive archaeological excavations were conducted in the early 20th century. Friends of Archaeology Board Surrounding Otowi are numerous smaller sites, occupied prior to the establishment of this large Officers village, that offer a glimpse of the settlement history in the canyon. The site has been closed to public Chair: Richard Schmeal; Vice-Chair: Joyce Blalock; visitation for many years, but the Pueblo of San Treasurer: John Karon; Secretary: Tim Maxwell Ildefonso has generously allowed FOA trip participants to visit its ancestral village, accompanied Board Members by a representative of San Ildefonso. Enjoy a box lunch prepared by San Ildefonso, informative Sid Barteau, Dave Brewer, Paula Dransfield, conversation and a sociable atmosphere as we explore Missy Head, Penny Gomez, John Karon, one of the largest ancestral Tewa villages on the Kathleen McRee, Ann Noble, Pajarito Plateau. Eric Blinman (OAS Director) Beginning on June 1, 2009, you may sign up for the Otowi trip by calling the FOA Reservation Members Emeritus Hotline, (505) 992-2715, ext. 8. A volunteer will return your call, answer questions and provide Richard Blake, Franklin Hunt and Donald Pierce payment information. FOA Newsletter Staff Steven A. Lakatos, OAS Archaeologist Editor: Jessica Badner Kathy McRee, FOA Board Member Copy Editor: Penny Gomez Design: Teresa Seamster

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Friends of Archaeology NON-PROFIT Museum of New Mexico Foundation ORGANIZATION P.O. Box 2065 Santa Fe, NM 87504-2065 U.S. POSTAGE PAID SANTA FE, N.M. PERMIT NO. 45

2009 Programs

2009

May 15-17 Chaco Outliers Day Trip. See page 4, February, 2009 issue. May 26 OAS Brown Bag Lunch Talk, “Colonial and Territorial Animal Subsistence in the Santa Fe Area.” Nancy J. Akins. See page 2. June 13 Dr. Edgar L. Hewett Day Trip to Tsankawi Pueblo. See page 6, February, 2009 issue. June 23 OAS Brown Bag Lunch Talk, “Evolution of a Cuisine Con Ganas.” Mollie S. Toll. See page 3. July 18 Dr. Edgar L. Hewett Day Trip to Otowi Pueblo. See page 7. July 28 OAS Brown Bag Talk, “Twentieth-Century Urban Archaeology in the South Capitol District of Santa Fe.” Matthew Barbour. See page 3. July 31-Aug 2 Four Corners Region of the Colorado Plateau Field Trip. See page 5. August 25 OAS Brown Bag Talk. “The Caja del Rio Site and Late Paleoindians in Northern New Mexico.” Robert Dello-Russo. See page 3. Sept 11 FOA Sponsored Talk, Santa Fe Community College Planetarium, “Night Sky at Chaco as Seen by Navajo Today.” See August, 2009 FOA Newsletter. Sept 25-27 Downtown Chaco Canyon Field Trip. See page 6. Nov 14 FOA/SAR Joint Symposium, “400 Year History of Santa Fe” Nov 15 FOA Holiday Party and Auction