Chapter 7: Uphill Analysis, Downhill Synthesis?
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Introduction to Robotics. Sensors and Actuators
Introduction to Computer Vision and Robotics Florian Teich and Tomas Kulvicius* Introduction to Robotics. Sensors and Actuators Large portion of slides are adopted from Florentin Wörgötter, John Hallam and Simon Reich *[email protected] Perception-Action loop Environment Object Eyes Action Perception Arm Brain Perception-Action loop (cont.) Environment Sense Object Cameras Action Perception Robot-arm Computer Act Plan Outline of the course • L1.CV1: Introduction to Computer Vision. Thresholding, Filtering & Connected Coomponents • L2.CV2: Bilateral Filtering, Morphological Operators & Edge Detection • L3.CV3: Corner Detection & Non-Local Filtering • L4.R1: Introduction to Robotics. Sensors and actuators • L5.R2: Movement generation methods • L6.R3: Path planning algorithms • L7.CV4: Line/Circle Detection, Template Matching & Feature Detection • L8.CV5: Segmentation • L9.CV6: Fate Detection, Pedestrian Tracking & Computer Vision in 3D • L10.R4: Robot kinematics and control • L11.R5: Learning algorithms in robotics I: Supervised and unsupervised learning • L12.R6: Learning algorithms in robotics II: Reinforcement learning and genetic algorithms Introduction to Robotics History of robotics • Karel Čapek was one of the most influential Czech writers of the 20th century and a Nobel Prize nominee (1936). • He introduced and made popular the frequently used international word robot, which first appeared in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) in 1921. 1890-1938 • “Robot” comes from the Czech word “robota”, meaning “forced labor” • Karel named his brother Josef Čapek as the true inventor of the word robot. History of robotics (cont.) • The word "robotics" also comes from science fiction - it first appeared in the short story "Runaround" (1942) by American writer Isaac Asimov. -
On the Impact of Robotics in Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences: from Insect Navigation to Human Cognitive Development
IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development, Dec 2009 1 On the impact of robotics in behavioral and cognitive sciences: from insect navigation to human cognitive development Pierre-Yves Oudeyer1 Bekey, 2005; Dautenhahn, 2007; Floreano and Abstract— The interaction of robotics with behavioural Mattiussi, 2008; Arbib et al., 2008; Asada et al., 2009). and cognitive sciences has always been tight. As often On the contrary, while there has been many technical described in the literature, the living has inspired the specific articles in the past presenting experiments that construction of many robots. Yet, in this article, we focus changed our understanding of given behavioural or on the reverse phenomenon: building robots can impact importantly the way we conceptualize behaviour and cognitive phenomenon, few synthetic, concise and cognition in animals and humans. I present a series of interdisciplinary overviews exist that specifically focus paradigmatic examples spanning from the modelling of on the potential impact of robotics in behavioural and insect navigation, the experimentation of the role of cognitive sciences, and its conceptualization. morphology to control locomotion, the development of foundational representations of the body and of the (Cordeschi, 2002) presents a thorough technical and self/other distinction, the self-organization of language in comprehensive review targeted at specialists and robot societies, and the use of robots as therapeutic tools historians. (Clark, 1997; Dennet, 1998; Boden, 2006) for children with developmental disorders. Through these emphasize, among other topics, philosophical issues of examples, I review the way robots can be used as operational models confronting specific theories to reality, the use of robots as tools for cognitive sciences. -
Cyborg Insect Drones: Research, Risks, and Governance
CYBORG INSECT DRONES: RESEARCH, RISKS, AND GOVERNANCE By: Heraclio Pimentel Jr. 12/01/2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1 I. BACKGROUND: THE RESEARCH ................................................................................................................................................ 2 A. Emergence of HI-MEMS .................................................................................................................................................. 2 B. Technical Background .................................................................................................................................................... 3 C. The State of the Technology ......................................................................................................................................... 4 D. Intended Applications of HI-MEMS ............................................................................................................................ 6 II. RISKS: DUAL-USE APPLICATIONS OF HI-MEMS ................................................................................................................ 8 A. HI-MEMS Pose a Risk to National Security ............................................................................................................. 9 B. HI-MEMS Pose a Threat to Personal Privacy ..................................................................................................... -
Neuro Informatics 2020
Neuro Informatics 2019 September 1-2 Warsaw, Poland PROGRAM BOOK What is INCF? About INCF INCF is an international organization launched in 2005, following a proposal from the Global Science Forum of the OECD to establish international coordination and collaborative informatics infrastructure for neuroscience. INCF is hosted by Karolinska Institutet and the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. INCF currently has Governing and Associate Nodes spanning 4 continents, with an extended network comprising organizations, individual researchers, industry, and publishers. INCF promotes the implementation of neuroinformatics and aims to advance data reuse and reproducibility in global brain research by: • developing and endorsing community standards and best practices • leading the development and provision of training and educational resources in neuroinformatics • promoting open science and the sharing of data and other resources • partnering with international stakeholders to promote neuroinformatics at global, national and local levels • engaging scientific, clinical, technical, industry, and funding partners in colla- borative, community-driven projects INCF supports the FAIR (Findable Accessible Interoperable Reusable) principles, and strives to implement them across all deliverables and activities. Learn more: incf.org neuroinformatics2019.org 2 Welcome Welcome to the 12th INCF Congress in Warsaw! It makes me very happy that a decade after the 2nd INCF Congress in Plzen, Czech Republic took place, for the second time in Central Europe, the meeting comes to Warsaw. The global neuroinformatics scenery has changed dramatically over these years. With the European Human Brain Project, the US BRAIN Initiative, Japanese Brain/ MINDS initiative, and many others world-wide, neuroinformatics is alive more than ever, responding to the demands set forth by the modern brain studies. -
Warren Mcculloch and the British Cyberneticians
Warren McCulloch and the British cyberneticians Article (Accepted Version) Husbands, Phil and Holland, Owen (2012) Warren McCulloch and the British cyberneticians. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 37 (3). pp. 237-253. ISSN 0308-0188 This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/43089/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse: Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University. Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available. Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk Warren McCulloch and the British Cyberneticians1 Phil Husbands and Owen Holland Dept. Informatics, University of Sussex Abstract Warren McCulloch was a significant influence on a number of British cyberneticians, as some British pioneers in this area were on him. -
Kybernetik in Urbana
Kybernetik in Urbana Ein Gespräch zwischen Paul Weston, Jan Müggenburg und James Andrew Hutchinson1 Paul Ernest Weston was born on February 3rd 1935 in Garland, Maine. After stu- dying physics at Wesleyan University in Middletown (Connecticut), 1952 through 1956, Paul Weston came to the University of Illinois in summer 1956, receiving his M.S. in August 1958. The following autumn, as a graduate student of physics, he attended a seminar led by Heinz von Foerster under the promising title „Cyberne- tics“.2 In June 1959 Paul joins the newly founded Biological Computer Laboratory (BCL) as a half time research assistant employed by the Electrical Engineering Department. Through roughly 1962, Weston’s primary emphasis was upon simulation of the processes of perception, with work in neuron models and pattern recognition. Together with Murray Babcock, Weston was one of the most prominent creators of prototypes built at the BCL. Already in 1961 Weston becomes widely known as the inventor of the NumaRete, a parallel operated pattern recognition machine, which played an important role in the public perception of the BCL through out the fol- lowing years.3 After 1964 Weston continues his research at BCL on the basis of a full position as a research assistant and starts to focus on information processing, particularly inte- rested in problems associated with natural-language interaction with machine. As a member of the Committee for Cognitive Studies Weston is also increasingly interes- ted in the potentials of how the new information technologies could shape society. In June 1970 Weston receives his PhD for developing a new and more efficient data structure called CYLINDER.4 After the BCL was closed in 1975 Weston continued to work as a Research Associate at the Department of Electrical Engineering and the Coordinated Science Laboratory of the University of Illinois. -
1011 Neurons } 1014 Synapses the Cybernetics Group
History 329/SI 311/RCSSCI 360 Computers and the Internet: A global history Week 6: Computing and Cybernetics in the Soviet Union Today } Review } Cybernetics: minds, brains, and machines } Soviet computing and cybernetics } Soviet economic planning } Next time Review: SAGE } Origin: Whirlwind digital computer project, MIT } SAGE = Semi-Automatic Ground Environment } Computer-controlled air defense of lower 48 states } Networked over telephone lines } Duplexed (two computers for high reliability) } Tube-based central processors made by IBM } Magnetic core memory } First truly large software development } Served as a pattern for many subsequent military projects } Major factor in US and IBM dominance of commercial computer markets by late1950s Cybernetics: minds, brains, and machines Key figures } Norbert Wiener } cybernetics } Warren McCulloch & Walter Pitts } neural nets } John von Neumann } brain modeling, cellular automata, biological metaphors } Frank Rosenblatt } perceptrons The Cybernetics Group } Norbert Wiener, MIT } WWII anti-aircraft problems } Servo/organism analogies } “Behavior, Purpose, and Teleology” (1943) } Information as measurable quantity } Feedback: circular self-corrective cycles BEHAVIOR, PURPOSE AND TELEOLOGY 21 Examples of predictions of higher order are shooting with a sling or with a bow and arrow. Predictive behavior requires the discrimination of at least two coordinates, a temporal and at least one spatial axis. Prediction will be more effective and flexible, however, if the behaving object can respond to changes in more than one spatial coordinate. The sensory receptors of an organism, or the corresponding elements of a machine, may therefore limit the predictive behavior. Thus, a bloodhound follows a trail, that is, it does not show any predictive behavior in trailing, because a chemical, olfactory input reports only spatial information: distance, as indicated by intensity. -
Journal of Sociocybernetics
JOURNAL OF SOCIOCYBERNETICS _________________________________________________________________ Volume 3 Number 1 Spring/Summer 2002 Official Journal of the Research Committee on Sociocybernetics (RC51) of the International Sociological Association JOURNAL OF SOCIOCYBERNETICS www.unizar.es/sociocybernetics/ Editor Richard E. Lee Newsletter Cor Van Dijkum Felix Geyer Editorial Board Mike Byron Tessaleno Devezas Jorge González Bernd R. Hornung Chaime Marcuello Vessela Misheva Philip Nikolopoulos Bernard Scott Mike Terpstra ____________________________________________________________________________ The JOURNAL OF SOCIOCYBERNETICS (ISSN 1607-8667) is an electronic journal published biannually--Spring/Summer and Fall/Winter--by the Research Committee on Sociocybernetics of the International Sociological Association. MANUSCRIPT submissions should be sent electronically (in MSWord or Rich Text File format) to each of the editors: Richard E. Lee [email protected], Felix Geyer, [email protected], and Cor van Dijkum, [email protected]. In general, please follow the Chicago Manuel of Style; citations and bibliography should follow the current journal style (APA). Normally, articles should be original texts of no more than 6000 words, although longer articles will be considered in exceptional circumstances. The Journal looks for submissions that are innovative and apply principles of General Systems Theory and Cybernetics to the social sciences, broadly conceived. COPYRIGHT remains the property of authors. Permission to reprint must be obtained from the authors and the contents of JoS cannot be copied for commercial purposes. JoS does, however, reserve the right to future reproduction of articles in hard copy, portable document format (.pdf), or HTML editions of JoS. iii SOCIOCYBERNETICS traces its intellectual roots to the rise of a panoply of new approaches to scientific inquiry beginning in the 1940's. -
For Biological Systems, Maintaining Essential Variables Within Viability Limits Is Not Passive
Second-Order Cybernetics Maintaining Essential Variables Is Not Passive Matthew Egbert « 8 » Proponents of the enactive ap- sible failure to do so will necessarily result “ the survival standard itself is inadequate for proach agree that the homeostat’s double in the homeostat’s death” (§10). However, at the evaluation of life. If mere assurance of per- feedback architecture made an important the level of its physical body, an organism is manence were the point that mattered, life should contribution, but at the same time they always far-from-equilibrium with respect to not have started out in the first place. It is essen- struggle to overcome its limitations (Ike- its environment. Falling into an equilibrium tially precarious and corruptible being, an ad- gami & Suzuki 2008). Franchi briefly refers is the same as dying, because the organism venture in mortality, and in no possible form as to evolutionary robotics models inspired by would lose its ability to do the work of self- assured of enduring as an inorganic body can be. this ultrastability mechanism, but he does producing its own material identity, i.e., the Not duration as such, but ‘duration of what?’ is the not mention that further progress has been very process that ensures that the double question.” (Jonas 2001: 106) difficult. Ezequiel Di Paolo (2003) showed feedback loop between behavior and inter- that implementing Ashby’s mechanism is a nal homeostasis is intrinsically connected Tom Froese graduated with a D.Phil. in cognitive science significant step toward more organism-like within a whole. Only non-living matter can from the Univ. -
1 Jeffrey Gu, Nicolas Wilmer Professor Evan Donahue ISS390S 12/7/18 the Evolution of the Roomba and the AI Field Recently, the C
1 Jeffrey Gu, Nicolas Wilmer Professor Evan Donahue ISS390S 12/7/18 The Evolution of the Roomba and the AI Field Recently, the consumer marketplace has been flooded with a number of intelligent technologies, including many that integrate virtual assistants such as Amazon’s Alexa and Apple’s Siri. Even household appliances like Samsung’s newest refrigerators integrate “smart” technologies. For many in the tech world, artificial intelligence (AI) has long represented the future of cybernetics and technology. For many years, however, AI technologies were not marketed to the average consumer. Rather, most AI companies were focused on corporate, military and governmental applications. Thus, there seemed to be a marked difference in expectations for AI between ordinary people and those involved in the AI field. When asked about the potential of AI, many people would passionately discuss its future applications in education and healthcare.1 However, Mitch Waldrop during a panel discussion featuring several prominent figures in the AI field noted that these applications “seem to be in roughly the inverse priority to what AI people give these subjects.”2 This disconnect began to disappear in 2002, when iRobot, a company founded in 1990 by three former MIT AI Lab scientists, released the Roomba, a robot that autonomously roams and cleans the floors of your house. The commercial success of the Roomba and its business model brought the AI conversation to households around the world. 1 McDermott, Drew, M. Mitchell Waldrop, B. Chandrasekaran, John McDermott, and Roger Schank. 1985. “The Dark Ages of AI: A Panel Discussion at AAAI-84.” AI Magazine 6 (3): 122–122. -
A Defense of Pure Connectionism
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 2-2019 A Defense of Pure Connectionism Alex B. Kiefer The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/3036 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] A DEFENSE OF PURE CONNECTIONISM by ALEXANDER B. KIEFER A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Philosophy in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2019 © 2019 ALEXANDER B. KIEFER All Rights Reserved ii A Defense of Pure Connectionism By Alexander B. Kiefer This manuscript has been read and accepted by the Graduate Faculty in Philosophy in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _________________________ _________________________________________ 1/22/2019 Eric Mandelbaum Chair of Examining Committee _________________________ _________________________________________ 1/22/2019 Nickolas Pappas Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: David Rosenthal Jakob Hohwy Eric Mandelbaum THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT A Defense of Pure Connectionism by Alexander B. Kiefer Advisor: David M. Rosenthal Connectionism is an approach to neural-networks-based cognitive modeling that encompasses the recent deep learning movement in artificial intelligence. It came of age in the 1980s, with its roots in cybernetics and earlier attempts to model the brain as a system of simple parallel processors. -
New AI and Robotics F. Bonsignorio Heron Robots Institute of Biorobotics
New AI and Robotics ! ! F. Bonsignorio ! ! ! Heron Robots ! Institute of Biorobotics - SSSA, Pisa ! New AI and Robotics Introduction To take robots out of the factories in everyday life is not a free lunch. Have we the science or even the concept framework to deal with open ended unstructured environments? New AI and Robotics Introduction ! How the new paradigms in AI, from swarm intelligence to morphological computation and complex adaptive systems theory applications, (could) help robotics? Is robotics the science of embodied cognition? Is there a need to extend computation theory to manage the interaction with the physical world? Does robotics needs a 'paradigm change' from top- down symbolic processing to emerging self-organized cognitive behaviors of complez adaptive dynamical systems? New AI and Robotics Introduction Which relations are there between new AI, the US NSF idea of CyberPhysical Systems Science, and the concepts of embodied and situated cognition popular in European cognitive sciences community and a significant part of the robotics community? What does it mean in this context to be 'biomimetic'? New AI and Robotics Caveat :-) ROUTES TO CALIFORNIA AND OREGON 'EMIGRANTS or others desiring to make the overland journey to the Pacific should bear in mind that there are several different routes which may be traveled with wagons, each having its advocates in persons directly or indirectly interested in attracting the tide of emigration and travel over them. Information concerning these routes coming from strangers living or owning property near them, from agents of steam-boats or railways, or from other persons connected with transportation companies, should be received with great caution, and never without corroborating evidence from disinterested sources' From 'The Prairie Traveler', R.