Download the Scanned
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Diagenesis in Prehistoric Caves: the Use of Minerals That Form in Situ to Assess the Completeness of the Archaeological Record
Journal of Archaeological Science (2000) 27, 915–929 doi:10.1006/jasc.1999.0506, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Diagenesis in Prehistoric Caves: the Use of Minerals that Form In Situ to Assess the Completeness of the Archaeological Record Panagiotis Karkanas Ephoreia of Palaeoanthropology-Speleology, 34b Ardittou, Athens 11636, Greece Ofer Bar-Yosef Department of Anthropology, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. Paul Goldberg Department of Archaeology, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A. Steve Weiner Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100 (Received 21 May 1999, revised manuscript accepted 29 September 1999) An interpretation of the archaeological record, in particular that of a prehistoric cave site, is complicated by the diversity of depositional and post-depositional processes that affect the material deposited. Here we propose to use the authigenic minerals that form in situ within the cave sediments to reconstruct the ancient chemical environments in the sediments. This can be done by experimentally determining the conditions under which each of the authigenic minerals are stable. Although this information is not available to date for minerals formed in a prehistoric cave, we present calculated stability field data for the relevant minerals. The results clearly demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. This information, particularly if based on measurements of real authigenic cave minerals, will facilitate an assessment of the completeness of the cave archaeological record. This is particularly important for determining whether or not the distributions of archaeologically important materials, such as bones, teeth, plant phytoliths, charcoal and ash, reflect their original burial distributions or were altered as a result of secondary diagenetic processes. -
Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19 -
Copper-Nickel Mixed Oxide Catalysts from Layered Double Hydroxides For
Copper-nickel mixed oxide catalysts from layered double hydroxides for the hydrogen-transfer valorisation of lignin in organosolv pulping Iqra Zubair Awan, Giada Beltrami, Danilo Bonincontro, Olinda Gimello, Thomas Cacciaguerra, Nathalie Tanchoux, Annalisa Martucci, Stefania Albonetti, Fabrizio Cavani, Francesco Di Renzo To cite this version: Iqra Zubair Awan, Giada Beltrami, Danilo Bonincontro, Olinda Gimello, Thomas Cacciaguerra, et al.. Copper-nickel mixed oxide catalysts from layered double hydroxides for the hydrogen-transfer valori- sation of lignin in organosolv pulping. Applied Catalysis A : General, Elsevier, 2021, 609, pp.117929. 10.1016/j.apcata.2020.117929. hal-03080770 HAL Id: hal-03080770 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03080770 Submitted on 17 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Copper-nickel mixed oxide catalysts from layered double hydroxides for the hydrogen-transfer valorisation of lignin in organosolv pulping. Iqra Zubair AWAN,a,b,1 Giada BELTRAMI,c Danilo BONINCONTRO,a,2 Olinda GIMELLO,b Thomas CACCIAGUERRA,b -
Thermaerogenite Cual2o4 - Crystal Data: Cubic
Thermaerogenite CuAl2O4 - Crystal Data: Cubic. Point Group: 4/m 3 2/m. As octahedral crystals to 0.02 mm displaying {111} modified by {110}, sometimes skeletal. Physical Properties: Cleavage: None. Fracture: Conchoidal. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = ~7 D(calc.) = 4.870 Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Brown, yellow-brown, red-brown, brown- yellow, or brown-red; gray with yellowish internal reflections in reflected light. Streak: Yellow. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Isotropic. R1-R2: (400) 16.4, (420) 16.0, (440) 15.7, (460) 15.4, (470) 15.2, (480) 15.1, (500) 14.8, (520) 14.5, (540) 14.2, (546) 14.2, (560) 14.0, (580) 13.7, (589) 13.6, (600) 13.2, (620) 13.2, (640) 13.0, (650) 12.9, (660) 12.8, (680) 12.5, (700) 12.3 - Cell Data: Space Group: Fd 3 m. a = 8.093(9) Z = [8] X-ray Powder Pattern: Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. 2.451 (100), 2.873 (65), 1.438 (30), 1.565 (28), 1.660 (16), 2.033 (10), 1.865 (6) Chemistry: (1) (2) CuO 25.01 43.83 ZnO 17.45 Al2O3 39.43 56.17 Cr2O3 0.27 Fe2O3 17.96 . Total 100.12 100.00 (1) Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia; average of 4 electron microprobe analyses supplemented by Raman spectroscopy; corresponds to (Cu0.62Zn0.42)Σ=1.04 3+ (Al1.52Fe 0.44Cr0.01)Σ=1.97O4. (2) CuAl2O4. Polymorphism & Series: Continuous series with gahnite, discontinuous with cuprospinel. Mineral Group: Spinel supergroup. Occurrence: In cavities and overgrown on earlier oxide minerals, often epitaxially, as sublimates around a volcanic fumarole. -
Utahite, a New Mineral and Associated Copper Tellurates from the Centennial Eureka Mine, Tintic District, Juab County, Utah
UTAHITE, A NEW MINERAL AND ASSOCIATED COPPER TELLURATES FROM THE CENTENNIAL EUREKA MINE, TINTIC DISTRICT, JUAB COUNTY, UTAH Andrew C. Roberts and John A. R. Stirling Geological Survey of Canada 601 Booth Street Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K IA OE8 Alan J. Criddle Martin C. Jensen Elizabeth A. Moffatt Department of Mineralogy 121-2855 Idlewild Drive Canadian Conservation Institute The Natural History Museum Reno, Nevada 89509 1030 Innes Road Cromwell Road Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K IA OM5 London, England SW7 5BD Wendell E. Wilson Mineralogical Record 4631 Paseo Tubutama Tucson, Arizona 85750 ABSTRACT Utahite, idealized as CusZn;(Te6+04JiOH)8·7Hp, is triclinic, fracture. Utahite is vitreous, brittle and nonfluorescent; hardness space-group choices P 1 or P 1, with refined unit-cell parameters (Mohs) 4-5; calculated density 5.33 gtcm' (for empirical formula), from powder data: a = 8.794(4), b = 9996(2), c = 5.660(2);\, a = 5.34 glcm' (for idealized formula). In polished section, utahite is 104.10(2)°, f3 = 90.07(5)°, y= 96.34(3YO, V = 479.4(3) ;\3, a:b:c = slightly bireflectant and nonpleochroic. 1n reflected plane-polar- 0.8798:1 :0.5662, Z = 1. The strongest five reflections in the X-ray ized light in air it is very pale brown, with ubiquitous pale emerald- powder pattern are (dA(f)(hkl)]: 9.638(100)(010); 8.736(50)(100); green internal reflections. The anisotropy is unknown because it is 4.841(100)(020); 2.747(60)(002); 2.600(45)(301, 311). The min- masked by the internal reflections. Averaged electron-microprobe eral is an extremely rare constituent on the dumps of the Centen- analyses yielded CuO = 25.76, ZnO = 15.81, Te03 = 45.47, H20 nial Eureka mine, Tintic district, Juab County, Utah, where it (by difference) {12.96], total = {100.00] weight %, corresponding occurs both as isolated 0.6-mm clusters of tightly bound aggre- to CU49;Zn29lTe6+04)39l0H)79s' 7.1H20, based on 0 = 31. -
New Mineral Species and Their Crystal Structures"
Title: Editorial for Special Issue "New Mineral Species and Their Crystal Structures" Author: Irina O. Galuskina, Igor V. Pekov Citation style: Galuskina Irina O., Pekov Igor V. (2019). Editorial for Special Issue "New Mineral Species and Their Crystal Structures". "Minerals" (Vol. 9, iss. 2 (2019), art. no 106), doi 10.3390/min9020106 minerals Editorial Editorial for Special Issue “New Mineral Species and Their Crystal Structures” Irina O. Galuskina 1,* and Igor V. Pekov 2 1 Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, B˛edzi´nska60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland 2 Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 17 January 2019; Accepted: 1 February 2019; Published: 13 February 2019 Mineralogy is the oldest and one of the most important sciences of the geological cycle. Minerals, the basis of overwhelming mass of solid matter in the universe, are direct subjects of investigation in mineralogy. Minerals, or mineral species, are generally solid crystalline substances. Their definition indicates that, they are: (1) naturally occurring; (2) belonging to the distinct structural type; (3) stable, varying merely in the relatively small limits of chemical composition. If a given mineral differs from other known species in its structure (2) and/or composition (3) then it can be considered as a new mineral species. According to the data of the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) (http://nrmima.nrm.se/), there are currently about 5600 known mineral species. The number of minerals increases steadily year by year. -
JOURNAL the Russell Society
JOURNAL OF The Russell Society Volume 20, 2017 www.russellsoc.org JOURNAL OF THE RUSSELL SOCIETY The journal of British Isles topographical mineralogy EDITOR Dr Malcolm Southwood 7 Campbell Court, Warrandyte, Victoria 3113, Australia. ([email protected]) JOURNAL MANAGER Frank Ince 78 Leconfield Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3SQ. EDITORIAL BOARD R.E. Bevins, Cardiff, U.K. M.T. Price, OUMNH, Oxford, U.K. R.S.W. Braithwaite, Manchester, U.K. M.S. Rumsey, NHM, London, U.K. A. Dyer, Hoddlesden, Darwen, U.K. R.E. Starkey, Bromsgrove, U.K. N.J. Elton, St Austell, U.K. P.A. Williams, Kingswood, Australia. I.R. Plimer, Kensington Gardens, S. Australia. Aims and Scope: The Journal publishes refereed articles by both amateur and professional mineralogists dealing with all aspects of mineralogy relating to the British Isles. Contributions are welcome from both members and non-members of the Russell Society. Notes for contributors can be found at the back of this issue, on the Society website (www.russellsoc.org) or obtained from the Editor or Journal Manager. Subscription rates: The Journal is free to members of the Russell Society. The non-member subscription rates for this volume are: UK £13 (including P&P) and Overseas £15 (including P&P). Enquiries should be made to the Journal Manager at the above address. Back numbers of the Journal may also be ordered through the Journal Manager. The Russell Society: named after the eminent amateur mineralogist Sir Arthur Russell (1878–1964), is a society of amateur and professional mineralogists which encourages the study, recording and conservation of mineralogical sites and material. -
A Review of the Structural Architecture of Tellurium Oxycompounds
Mineralogical Magazine, May 2016, Vol. 80(3), pp. 415–545 REVIEW OPEN ACCESS A review of the structural architecture of tellurium oxycompounds 1 2,* 3 A. G. CHRISTY ,S.J.MILLS AND A. R. KAMPF 1 Research School of Earth Sciences and Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia 2 Geosciences, Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia 3 Mineral Sciences Department, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA [Received 24 November 2015; Accepted 23 February 2016; Associate Editor: Mark Welch] ABSTRACT Relative to its extremely low abundance in the Earth’s crust, tellurium is the most mineralogically diverse chemical element, with over 160 mineral species known that contain essential Te, many of them with unique crystal structures. We review the crystal structures of 703 tellurium oxysalts for which good refinements exist, including 55 that are known to occur as minerals. The dataset is restricted to compounds where oxygen is the only ligand that is strongly bound to Te, but most of the Periodic Table is represented in the compounds that are reviewed. The dataset contains 375 structures that contain only Te4+ cations and 302 with only Te6+, with 26 of the compounds containing Te in both valence states. Te6+ was almost exclusively in rather regular octahedral coordination by oxygen ligands, with only two instances each of 4- and 5-coordination. Conversely, the lone-pair cation Te4+ displayed irregular coordination, with a broad range of coordination numbers and bond distances. -
Compositional Effects on the Solubility of Minor and Trace Elements In
American Mineralogist, Volume 101, pages 1360–1372, 2016 SPINELS RENAISSANCE: THE PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE OF THOSE UBIQUITOUS MINERALS AND MATERIALS Compositional effects on the solubility of minor and trace elements in oxide spinel minerals: Insights from crystal-crystal partition coefficients in chromite exsolution VANESSA COLÁS1,2,*, JOSÉ ALBERTO PADRÓN-NAVARTA3, JOSÉ MARÍA GONZÁLEZ-JIMÉNEZ4, WILLIAM L. GRIFFIN5, ISABEL FANLO2, SUZANNE Y. O’REILLY5, FERNANDO GERVILLA6, JOAQUÍN A. PROENZA7, NORMAN J. PEARSON5, AND MONICA P. ESCAYOLA8 1Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, México 2Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain 3Géosciences Montpellier, CNRS and University of Montpellier (UMR5243), 34095 Montpellier, France 4Department of Geology and Andean Geothermal Center of Excellence (CEGA), Universidad de Chile, Plaza Ercilla no. 803, Santiago, Chile 5ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems (CCFS) and GEMOC National Key Centre, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia 6Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología and Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (Universidad de Granada-CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18002 Granada, Spain 7Departament de Cristal·lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain 8IDEAN-CONICET, Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II-1° EP, Office 29, (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina ABSTRACT Chromite from Los Congos and Los Guanacos in the Eastern Pampean Ranges of Córdoba (Argentin- ian Central Andes) shows homogenous and exsolution textures. -
Cesbronite, a New Copper Tellurite from Moctezuma, Sonora
MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE, SEPTEMBER 1974, VOL. 39, PP. 744-6 Cesbronite, a new copper tellurite from Moctezuma, Sonora SIDNEY A. WILLIAMS Phelps Dodge Corporation, Douglas, Arizona SUMMARY. Cesbronite occurs at the Bambollita mine, near Moctezuma, Sonora, with a variety of other tellurites. The colour is 'green beetle' (R.H.S. 135-B) with a pale streak. H 3; Dmeas 4"45:1:0'2. Crystals are orthorhombic 2 mmm with a 8'624 A, b I I '878, C5'872 (all :I:0'016 A); space group Pbcn. For Z = 2 the calculated density is 4'455 gfcm3. The strongest powder lines are 5'934 (100),3'490 (92), 4'889 (71), 2'358 (70), 2'379 (38),1'592 (34), 2'156 (28), and 1.698 (27). Electron-probe analysis gave: CuO 50'3 %, 50'3, 49'8, 49'4; TeO. 39'3 %. 39'2, 38,6, 38,6. Water determined gravimetrically II'O"la. This gives CU5(Te03).(OH)6.2H.O. Cesbronite is pleochroic with absorption y ~ f3 ?> a:. Optically positive with 2Vy calc. 72°; a: 1.880 11[100],f3 1'928 I![OOI],y 2'02911[010]. CESBRONITE was first collected by Peter Embrey and Pierre Bariand during a visit we made to the Bambollita (La Oriental) mine near Moctezuma, Sonora. The mineral is named in honour of Dr. Fabien Cesbron, French mineralogist. There are two thin veins exposed in this mine, and cesbronite occurs in only one. This vein is closer to the portal and is more severely oxidized than the other vein (where quetzalcoatlite occurs). -
Simulant Basis for the Standard High Solids Vessel Design September 2017
PNNL-24476, Rev 1 WTP-RPT-241, Rev 1 Simulant Basis for the Standard High Solids Vessel Design September 2017 RA Peterson RA Daniel SK Fiskum PA Gauglitz SR Suffield BE Wells PNNL-24476, Rev 1 WTP-RPT-241, Rev 1 Simulant Basis for the Standard High Solids Vessel Design RA Peterson RA Daniel SK Fiskum PA Gauglitz SR Suffield BE Wells September 2017 Test Specification: N/A Work Authorization: WA# 048 Test Plan: TP-WTPSP-132, Rev 1.0 Test Exceptions: N/A Focus Area: Pretreatment Test Scoping Statement(s): NA QA Technology Level: Applied Research Project Number: 66560 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352 Revision History Revision Interim Number Change No. Effective Date Description of Change 0 0 Initial issue. 1 0 September 2017 Due to revision of Johnson (2016) (24590-WTP-ES-ENG-16- 021, De-Inventory Testing for the Standard High Solids Vessel), Section 3.3 and Table 4.1 were revised. This revision is limited to those portions of this document impacted by the Johnson document. Executive Summary The Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) is working to develop a Standard High Solids Vessel Design (SHSVD) process vessel. To support testing of this new design, WTP engineering staff requested that a Newtonian simulant and a non-Newtonian simulant be developed that would represent the Most Adverse Design Conditions (in development)1 with respect to mixing performance as specified by WTP. The majority of the simulant requirements are specified in 24590-PTF-RPT-PE-16-001, Rev. -
Download the Scanned
150 THE AMERICAN MI NERALOGIST NIr. Broadrvell:- Bismuth from Kingsgate, N. S. Wales Nlolybdenite from Deepwater, N. S. W. Arsenopyrite from Emmaville, N. S. W. Mr. Ma1'nard:- Calcite in fluorite from Weardale, Eng. Fluorite from Corn- wall, Eng. Calcite frorn Weardale, Eng. Mr. Ashby:- Amethyst with cavities after aragonite. Capped quartz frodt Schlaggenwald, Bohemia, with 4 cappings each about fu inch thick, the complete separation being bet'rveen the second and third cap. Fossil copal from near Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana, South America, and containing the pupa of insects, similar to white ants. The interesting point being that the contents of the pupa cavity is still liquid in the fossil gum Meeting adjourned 9.35 P. I,I. Hrnnnnr P. Wurrrocx, Record.ingSecretary. NEW MINERALS: NEW SPECIES CLASS: PHOSPHATES, IITC. DIVISION: R":Uv':P:H2O:2:1:2:1. Parsonsite Ar-rnao Scuonp: Sur Ia parsonsite, nouveau min6ral radioactif. [Parsonsite, a new radioactive mineral I Compt. rend.,176, (3) l7l-173, 1923. Narta: Dedicated to Professor A L. Parsons of Toronto. Cnnrnrcar, ?RonERTTES:Formula, regarded as probably 2PbO. UOs PzO;. HzO or Pb,(UOt(POd,.H,O. Theory, PbO 50.0, UO3 32.1, PrOb 15.9, HrO 204/s. Analysis on smail samples purified by washing gave: PbO 44.71' CuO 0 25, CaO 0.63,AlrO3 1 23, UOi 29 67,P2Oi 15.08,TeOs 3 01, MoO3 0.43, CO2 1.19, HrO 1.56, insol. 1.51%; summation given as 99.17, bt actually 99.277a The Cu is believed to come from admixed torbernite which likewise contains Te and Mo [Other admixture appearsto be present, and it is to be hoped that the formula can be confirmed on purer material.l In the closed tube yields HzO and becomes yellowish.