DOCSLIB.ORG

Mobilising Finance for Infrastructure Astudy for the Ukdepartment for International Development

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mobilising Finance for Infrastructure Astudy for the Ukdepartment for International Development MOBILISING FINANCE FOR INFRASTRUCTURE A STUDY FOR THE UK DEPARTMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (DFID) August 2015 Nigeria country case study Produced by: Cambridge Economic Policy Associates Ltd. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This country report was produced by Cambridge Economic Policy Associates Ltd (CEPA) as part of research funded by the Department For International Development (DFID): Mobilising Finance for Infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. The views expressed within it are those of CEPA and do not represent DFID's own policies or views. Any discussion of the content should therefore be addressed to the authors and not to DFID. CEPA is grateful for comments on the research from Lily Ryan-Collins, Phil Outram, Andrew Maclean, Fernanda Ruiz- Nuñez, Fiona Stewart, Sameh Shenouda, Euan Marshall, Jay Koh, Brian Baxendale, Soumen Bagchi, Steven Lee, Sergio Dista and Paolo Craviolatti. In addition, the overall research project has benefited from consultations with a wide number of stakeholders based across Sub Saharan Africa, India and elsewhere. CEPA would like to thank all consultees for their contributions to the report. ii CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................... ii Executive summary ........................................................................................................... i 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 2. The history of private financing in Nigeria ................................................................. 2 2.1. Development of the investment framework ............................................................. 2 3. Analysis of PPP transactions by sector ....................................................................... 4 3.1. Energy ........................................................................................................................ 4 3.2. Transport .................................................................................................................... 7 3.3. Water and sanitation ............................................................................................... 11 4. Barriers to investability / bankability ....................................................................... 12 4.1. Supply of bankable projects ..................................................................................... 12 5. Availability of sources of finance ............................................................................. 17 5.1. Pension funds ........................................................................................................... 17 5.2. Sovereign Wealth Fund ............................................................................................ 19 5.3. Nigerian Bank of Industry ........................................................................................ 19 5.4. Commercial banks .................................................................................................... 20 5.5. State government infrastructure bonds .................................................................. 20 5.6. International investors ............................................................................................. 23 5.7. DFIs and development partners .............................................................................. 23 6. Overall conclusions on key constraints to private financing of infrastructure ........... 24 iii ACRONYMS AfDB African Development Bank AIIM African Infrastructure Investment Managers AIIF Africa Infrastructure Investment Fund ARM Asset & Resource Management Co Ltd BoI Bank of Industry BOOT Build-Own-Operate-Transfer BOT Build Operate and Transfer BPE Bureau of Public Enterprises CBN Central Bank of Nigeria CDC UK Development Finance Institution DEG German Development Finance Institution (subsidiary of KfW) DFI Development Finance Institution DFID Department for International Development DISCOS Electricity Distribution Companies DMBs Deposit Money Banks EAIF Emerging Africa Infrastructure Fund EPSRA Electric Power Sector Reform Act FERMA Federal Roads Maintenance Agency FMO Netherlands Development Finance Institution GDP Gross Domestic Product GENCOS Electricity Generation companies ICRC Infrastructure Concession Regulatory Commission IFC International Finance Corporation IPP Independent Power Producer KfW German Development Finance Institution LCC Lekki Concession Company LSE London Stock Exchange MMA2 Murtala-Muhammed Airport MDAs Ministries, Departments and Agencies MYTO Multi-Year Tariff Order iv NBET Nigeria Bulk Energy Trading Co NEPA National Electric Power Authority NERC Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission NGN Nigerian Naira NIAF Nigeria Infrastructure Advisory Facility NI-IMP National Integrated Infrastructure Master Plan NRC Nigerian Railway Corporation NSIA Nigeria Sovereign Investment Authority OPIC Overseas Private Investment Corporation PAIF Power and Airline Intervention Fund PENCOM National Pension Committee PHCN Power Holding Company of Nigeria PPA Power Purchase Agreements PPP Public Private Partnerships PRG Partial Risk Guarantee v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report was produced by Cambridge Economic Policy Associates (CEPA) as part of a wide-ranging research programme funded by the Department for International Development (DFID) that explores the factors constraining the provision of private finance to support infrastructure investment in DFID’s focus countries. This report provides an overview of the market for infrastructure finance in Nigeria (focusing on economic infrastructure sectors: energy, transport and water) using evidence gained from sixteen consultations held with stakeholders (in the period December 2014 to February 2015) and complementary desk-based research. The study provides background on the key policy reforms implemented by the government of Nigeria in an attempt to provide a framework more conducive for private finance; an overview of the main transactions that have taken place across the different infrastructure sectors; and then sets out the findings on the main factors constraining increased private finance for infrastructure drawing largely on the views of stakeholders. The findings of the analysis are summarised below. Status of reforms and private finance transactions by sector For each of the main economic infrastructure sectors, the research reviewed the extent to which the different sectors have been able to attract private finance. Figure ES.1 gives a summary overview of the different sectors, while Figure ES.2 provides examples of some of the projects that have been able to attract private finance across the different sectors. It is worth highlighting that with the exception of the telecoms sector, there has been quite limited progress in attracting private finance; overall there remains a reliance on the provision of finance by DFIs and/ or the use of government/ development partner guarantees for deals involving the private sector to go through. i Figure ES.1: Summary of progress in attracting private finance in economic infrastructure sectors ii Figure ES.2: Examples of infrastructure projects that have received private finance iii Although some progress has been made in attracting private finance in the telecoms sector; there is still a considerable financing need in the other economic infrastructure sectors. This report also focused on providing some evidence on the main factors constraining the increased provision of private finance to those sectors. The findings from the consultations were that the constraints are due mainly to a combination of political economy and macroeconomic constraints. There are also issues related to the technical and financial capacity to develop projects and also the availability of finance, but these are second order constraints. Political economy constraints Market participants have limited confidence in their ability to enter into sustainable long-term agreements with the government because of the nature of the political risks involved. Fundamentally this is because Nigeria has no track-record of being able to manage the politically powerful self- interested individuals that have undermined efforts to attract increased private investment in infrastructure. Specific risks highlighted include: The risk of policy reversal caused by a change in government and also a change of ministers within government. Uncertainty about the ability of government departments to enforce existing policies/ laws related to private investment in infrastructure. Disputes between state and federal government about projects that create additional uncertainty. Concerns about the role of the judiciary and its understanding of the requirements of the infrastructure sector. Macroeconomic constraints Macroeconomic instability in Nigeria is the other key factor that is constraining the provision of private finance for infrastructure. The main issue is that government debt provides investors a relatively risk- free high yielding investment option that is far more attractive than the option of investing in risky infrastructure projects; effectively crowding-out private finance. In addition the continued prevalence of double digit inflation, high interest rates for loans and low saving deposit rates creates an economy with a limited pool of long-term deposits that can be used to enable the provision of long-term local currency debt
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2015 (E/INCB/2015/1) Is Supple- Mented by the Following Reports
    INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL BOARD REPORT REPORT 2015 INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL BOARD CONTROL NARCOTICS INTERNATIONAL Report 2015 EMBARGO Observe release date: Not to be published or broadcast before Wednesday, 2 March 2016, at 1100 hours (CET) UNITED NATIONS CAUTION Reports published by the International Narcotics Control Board in 2015 TheReport of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2015 (E/INCB/2015/1) is supple- mented by the following reports: Report of the International Narcotics Control Board on the Availability of Internationally Controlled Drugs: Ensuring Adequate Access for Medical and Scientific Purposes (E/INCB/2015/1/Supp.1) Narcotic Drugs: Estimated World Requirements for 2016—Statistics for 2014 (E/INCB/2015/2) Psychotropic Substances: Statistics for 2014—Assessments of Annual Medical and Scientific Requirements for Substances in Schedules II, III and IV of the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 (E/INCB/2015/3) Precursors and Chemicals Frequently Used in the Illicit Manufacture of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances: Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2015 on the Implementation of Article 12 of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 (E/INCB/2015/4) The updated lists of substances under international control, comprising narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and substances frequently used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, are contained in the latest editions of the annexes to the statistical forms (“Yellow List”, “Green List” and “Red List”), which are also issued by the Board. Contacting the International Narcotics Control Board The secretariat of the Board may be reached at the following address: Vienna International Centre Room E-1339 P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • The Transatlantic Cocaine Market
    Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel.: (+43-1) 26060-0, Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5866, www.unodc.org The Transatlantic Cocaine Market Research Paper United Nations publication FOR UNITED NATIONS USE ONLY ISBN ???-??-?-??????-? ISSN ????-???? Sales No. T.08.XI.7 Printed in Austria ST/NAR.3/2007/1 (E/NA) job no.—Date—copies April 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was prepared by the Studies and Threat Analysis Section in collaboration with the Regional Office in Senegal and the Integrated Programme and Oversight Branch of UNODC. The following staff members contributed to this document: Studies and Threat Analysis Section: Thibault Le Pichon, Thomas Pietschmann, Ted Leggett, Raggie Johansen Regional Office in Senegal: Alexandre Schmidt, David Izadifar Integrated Programme and Oversight Branch: Aisser Al-Hafedh, Olivier Inizan Strategic Planning Unit: Gautam Babbar DISCLAIMER This report has not been formally edited. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNODC concerning the legal status of any country, territory or city or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the Member States. The Transatlantic Cocaine Market Key findings....................................................................................................................... 2 Key data / estimates .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Nigeria and the Brics: Diplomatic, Trade, Cultural and Military Relations
    OCCASIONAL PAPER NO 101 China in Africa Project November 2011 Nigeria and the BRICs: Diplomatic, Trade, Cultural and Military Relations Abiodun Alao s ir a f f A l a n o ti a rn e nt f I o te tu sti n In rica . th Af hts Sou sig al in Glob African perspectives. About SAIIA The South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) has a long and proud record as South Africa’s premier research institute on international issues. It is an independent, non-government think-tank whose key strategic objectives are to make effective input into public policy, and to encourage wider and more informed debate on international affairs with particular emphasis on African issues and concerns. It is both a centre for research excellence and a home for stimulating public engagement. SAIIA’s occasional papers present topical, incisive analyses, offering a variety of perspectives on key policy issues in Africa and beyond. Core public policy research themes covered by SAIIA include good governance and democracy; economic policymaking; international security and peace; and new global challenges such as food security, global governance reform and the environment. Please consult our website www.saiia.org.za for further information about SAIIA’s work. About the C h INA IN AFRICA PR o J e C t SAIIA’s ‘China in Africa’ research project investigates the emerging relationship between China and Africa; analyses China’s trade and foreign policy towards the continent; and studies the implications of this strategic co-operation in the political, military, economic and diplomatic fields.
    [Show full text]
  • National Sports Calendar for the Financial Year 2019
    NATIONAL SPORTS CALENDAR FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR 2019/2020 DATE ACTIVITY SPORT VENUE JULY 2019 TBC Ssesse Islands Cycling Tour Cycling Kalangala TBC Buganda cup Basketball tournament for High Schools (Regional) Basketball High schools in Buganda region 1st National Beach Volleyball Championship Volleyball Lido Beach 3rd -14th World Volley ball University Games Volleyball TBC Naples, Italy. 4th -7th Seals Invitational Swimming Gala at Kampala Parents Swimming Kampala Parents School 4th 7th Ivory Coast Badminton International Tournament Badminton Ivory coast 5th -7th National Zurkaneh Championship for all African games. Zurkaneh Kampala- Uganda 6th Ranking for Pro-Arm Kick Boxing 2nd Season Kickboxing Freedom City 6th S1 and S2 National Woodball championships WoodBall London College Nansana 6th 3rd FINA Swimming World Aquatics Day Celebrations Swimming TBD 6th Kyabazinga Athletics Championships/ Kids Athletics Athletics Iganga 6th Western Region Athletics Championships/ Kids Athletics Athletics Mbarara 6th -14th National Hockey League Hockey Lugogo 6th -7th YMCA Darts Sports Gala Singles(Men & Women) Darts Kalanamo 7th -8th National Volleyball League Volleyball UCU/ MUBS/ LUGOGO 7th Dolphins Fast and Furious 2019 clubs Swimming Gala at Gems Cambridge Swimming Gems Cambridge International School International School 7th -14th National Sec. School Netball Championship Netball Teso College Aloet 8th -14th Uganda Secondary Schools Athletics Championship Athletics Soroti/ Tororo 11th -12th Rowing World Cup III Rowing Rotterdam 12th – 14th Mayeku
    [Show full text]
  • Election Results Transmitted to Server, INEC Ad-Hoc Officers Tell Tribunal
    Mele Kyari: NNPC will Raise Bar on Transparency Promises to fix nation’s refineries by 2023 To unveil new roadmap in couple of weeks Kasim Sumaina in Abuja Corporation (NNPC) with Kyari, who promised to He spoke in Abuja at a join me to unveil the NNPC short and long term growth a pledge to continuously make the nation’s refineries valedictory ceremony for his Roadmap towards global objectives of the corporation as Mallam Mele Kyari assumed entrench transparency, functional by 2023, said in a predecessor, Dr. Maikanti Baru. excellence and the roadmap we transit to a national energy duty yesterday as the Group accountability and performance few weeks he would unveil Kyari said: “In the next will guide our aspirations to champion.” Managing Director of the excellence across all the oil his agenda for the nation’s couple of weeks, the COOs achieve sustained outstanding Nigerian National Petroleum corporation’s operations. oil sector. (chief operating officers) will performance to meet the Continued on page 8 Osinbajo: Ethno-Religious Suspicion Nigeria’s Greatest Problem... Page 6 Tuesday 9 July, 2019 Vol 24. No 8856. Price: N250 www.thisdaylive.com T RU N TH & REASO EIGHTY HEART CHEERS... L-R: Chief Bisi Akande, Ambassador Babagana Kingibe, Dr. Obafemi Hamzat, Governor Abdullahi Ganduje, a guest, Governor Dapo Abiodun, Senate President Ahmed Lawan, Vice President Yemi Osinbajo, Oba Rilwan Akiolu, another guest, Mrs Derinola Osoba, Chief Olusegun Osoba, a guest and Senator Bola Tinubu, during the presentation of Osoba’s book: Battlelines: Adventures into Journalism and Politics, to mark his 80th birthday in Lagos...yesterday KOLA OLASUPO Election Results Transmitted to Server, INEC Ad-hoc Officers Tell Tribunal Atiku, PDP call witnesses, tender more documents Alex Enumah in Abuja Two of the six witnesses called by the petitioners said Some witnesses in the hearing they served as ad-hoc staff of of the petition filed by the INEC and testified that results Peoples Democratic Party were transmitted electronically (PDP) and its presidential to the commission’s server.
    [Show full text]
  • Master Thesis Topic: Landscape Overpopulation In
    Master thesis topic: Landscape overpopulation in Lagos state, Nigeria compared to Berlin “causes, problem and possible solutions” Submitted to the faculty of Landscape Architecture, Geoinformatics, Geodesy and Building Engineering University of applied science Neubrandenburg, Germany in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree in Master of Engineer, 2018 By Ijaduade, Ephrem Adesina Supervisors: Engineer Rupprecht, Jens Professor Kohler, Manfred URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:519-thesis 2018 – 0636 – 2 1 TABLE OF CONTENT Title of page…………………………………………………………………………….1 Table of content………………………………………………………………………...2 Acknowledgment……………………………………………………………………….5 Abstract………………………………………………………………………………....6 1.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………7 1.2 Brief description about Lagos state………………………………………………....9 1.2.1 Brief description about Berlin…………………………………………………….12 1.3 Economy of Lagos state compared to Berlin……………………………………….15 1.3.1 Lagos……………………………………………………………………………...15 1.3.1.1History, Politics and social interaction in Lagos……………………………...…20 1.3.2 Berlin……………………………………………………………………………...27 1.3.2.1 History, Politics and social interaction in Berlin………………………………..33 1.3.2.2 Berlin number of Inhabitants per Districts……………………………………...36 1.3.2.3 Problems in Berlin………………………………………………………………36 1.3.3 Comparison between Lagos state and Berlin………………………………….......38 1.3.4 Differences between Lagos and Berlin……………………………………………39 1.3.5 Urban planning between Lagos state and Berlin………………………………….40 2.1 Causes of overpopulation in Lagos state ……...........………………………………42
    [Show full text]
  • Special Economic Zones Public Disclosure Authorized Progress, Emerging Challenges, and Future Directions
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized DIRECTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT Trade Special Economic Zones Public Disclosure Authorized Progress, Emerging Challenges, and Future Directions Thomas Farole, Gokhan Akinci Editors Public Disclosure Authorized Special Economic Zones Special Economic Zones Progress, Emerging Challenges, and Future Directions Edited by Thomas Farole Gokhan Akinci International Trade Department Investment Climate Department World Bank World Bank © 2011 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 14 13 12 11 This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Content Digest Magazine H1 2021
    Nigerian Content Development and Monitoring Board (NCDMB) NCDMB CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS: NIGERIAN CONTENT TOWER OX-BOW LAKE, SWALI, PMB 10, YENAGOA BAYELSA STATE PUBLIC NOTICE ON PROCUREMENT OF BARITES FOR OIL AND GAS PROJECTS PREAMBLE he General public, especially Operators, Alliance Partners, EPC The policy intervention by the Board to encourage such investments is Contractors, Sub-contractors, Vendors/Service Companies, etc. to mandate stakeholders to prioritize the utilization of manufacturing are hereby notified of the availability of in-country processed facilities in the procurement of barites. Tbarites that meet the specifications of the Oil and Gas Industry. Accordingly, all project promoters in the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry, The Nigerian Content Development and Monitoring Board (NCDMB) is are by this Public Notice, required to ensure that procurement for mandated to develop capacity of the local supply chain through Direct barites required for any project in the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Capacity Development Interventions or support to investors to set up shall be procured only from the under-listed Nigerian Barites facilities. NCDMB has a key responsibility to ensure that these investors processing companies with a Category A Nigerian Content are protected in line with the intents of the Nigerian Oil and Gas Equipment Certificate (NCEC): Industry Content Development (NOGICD) Act. S/n Name of Company Address/Location Contact Details 1 Nishan Industries Limited 25 Reclamation Road, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. [email protected] 08033102222, 08065229737 2 Delta Prospectors Limited Km.7, Jos Road, Lafia, Nasarawa State. [email protected] 08037401877 3 Ana Industries Limited Plot 375 High Street, Trans Amadi Industrial [email protected] Layout, Port Harcourt, Rivers State.
    [Show full text]
  • Badminton Tournament Planner
    Lagos International 2018 MS - Qualification Date City, Country Website 18 - 21 Jul 2018 Lagos, NGR R3 Muhammad Izzuddin Shamsul Muzli[1] - Jafar Salihu Umar 21-15 21-13 ; Misbun Ramdan Mohmed Misbun - Azmy Qowimuramadhoni[6] 21-12 21-13 ; Filip Budzel[3] - Halidu Maishanu Hassan 21-10 21-4 ; Kayode Abubakar Mope - Sola Abiodun[5] 21-18 21-15 ; Kevin Arokia Walter[7] - Kayode Samuel Oyeniran 21-17 21-11 ; Muhammad Lukman Hakim Mohd Ibrahim[4] - Eveshgaran Vasigaran 21-10 15-21 21-14 ; Kanishq M[8] - Muhammad Ziyad Md Tah 21-15 18-21 21-16 ; Godwin Olofua[2] - Damilola Olawumi 21-8 21-7 ; R2 Muhammad Izzuddin Shamsul Muzli[1] - Femi Bioku 21-15 21-13 ; Jafar Salihu Umar - Tobi Owolabi 13-21 21-15 21-16 ; Azmy Qowimuramadhoni[6] - Folorunsho Ilesanmi Opeyori 21-10 21-11 ; Misbun Ramdan Mohmed Misbun - Nathaniel Iorsalem 21-8 21-7 ; Filip Budzel[3] - Kingsley Nelson 21-14 21-14 ; Halidu Maishanu Hassan - Alhaji Aliyu Shehu 21-13 21-18 ; Sola Abiodun[5] - Abdulhamid Waleed Musa 21-13 21-17 ; Kayode Abubakar Mope - Emmanuel Chiromah 21-8 21-13 ; Kayode Samuel Oyeniran - Mustaopha Muhammed 16-21 23-21 21-12 ; Kevin Arokia Walter[7] - Abubakar Bakari 21-17 21-9 ; Eveshgaran Vasigaran - Ayila Gwambeh 21-15 21-12 ; Muhammad Lukman Hakim Mohd Ibrahim[4] - Adeogun Gbolahan Ajose 8-21 21-7 21-9 ; Muhammad Ziyad Md Tah - Abdulmalik Seleiman 21-4 21-8 ; Kanishq M[8] - Abdulrahman Suleiman 21-16 21-7 ; Damilola Olawumi - Julius Olukotun 21-12 21-8 ; Godwin Olofua[2] - Yunusa Momoh 19-21 21-15 21-11 ; R1 Muhammad Izzuddin Shamsul Muzli[1] - Bye ; Femi
    [Show full text]
  • Industrial Development and Growth in Nigeria: Lessons and Challenges
    Working Paper No. 8 Industrial development and growth in Nigeria: Lessons and challenges L. N. Chete, J. O. Adeoti, F. M. Adeyinka, and O. Ogundele* Abstract The structure of the Nigerian economy is typical of an underdeveloped country. The primary sector, in particular, the oil and gas sector, dominates the gross domestic product accounting for over 95 per cent of export earnings and about 85 per cent of government revenue between 2011 and 2012. The industrial sector accounts for 6 per cent of economic activity while the manufacturing sector contributed only 4 per cent to GDP in 2011. The economic transformation agenda, otherwise known as Nigeria Vision 20: 2020, sets the direction for the current industrial policy in Nigeria. The industrialization strategy aims at achieving greater global competitiveness in the production of processed and manufactured goods by linking industrial activity with primary sector activity, domestic and foreign trade, and service activity. Keywords: industrialization, mixed economy, cooperative, garment sector, Cambodia JEL classification: L2, L52 1 *Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), Ibadan, corresponding author email: [email protected] The Brookings Institution is a private non-profit organization. Its mission is to conduct high-quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. Brookings recognizes that the value it provides is in its absolute commitment to quality, independence and impact. Activities supported by its donors reflect this commitment and the analysis and recommendations are not determined or influenced by any donation. Learning to Compete (L2C) is a collaborative research program of the Africa Growth Initiative at Brookings (AGI), the African Development Bank, (AfDB), and the United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER) on industrial development in Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • The Revolutionary Is KAM, As 23 Q&A DEVELOPING NIGERIA’S ECONOMY Kamorudeen Ibitoye Yusuf Is More, Er, Kammonly Known
    ENTERPISES, SPECIAL BEST TIME SMALL, REPORT: TO BE MEDIUM & RUMBU AN SME LARGE SACKS PROMOTER VOLUME 2 NO 1 APRIL 2015 IMPACTBOI THE UNKAMMON REVOLUTIONARY INSIDE: ALL THE BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SERVICE PROVIDERS (BDSPs) PEOPLE PERFORMANCE POSSIBILITIES Foreword BY THE MD/CEO We are driven by S.P.P.I.R.I.T it is now etched in our hearts. Our core best practices. We have a number of initia- values go by the acronym S.P.P.I.R.I.T. tives and action plans and action steps and S – Service projects in different areas. So, the different P – Professionalism departments and units are really very busy P – Passion and everybody is really working hard to I – Innovation ensure that those things are achieved with- R – Resourcefulness in the stated timelines. I – Integrity So, a lot of things are happening. Inter- T – Team Spirit national DFIs are also talking to us as part I wish to single out Resourcefulness of our strategy to diversify our funding for adumbration. I think there has been base from government to other sources. too much emphasis on “resources” here- For instance, we are talking to Brazilian abouts, whereas what we actually need Development Bank (BNDES) of Brazil; we is “resourcefulness.” So, resourcefulness are talking to Industrial Development Cor- n December 2014, the executive man- is about doing more with less. That is the poration in South Africa, we are talking to agement of the Bank of Industry (BOI) best summary I can think of. FMO of The Netherlands and so on and so locked itself within the confines of a forth.
    [Show full text]
  • Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2021 9 (Toplum&Siyaset) 173-179
    Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2021 9 (Toplum&Siyaset) 173-179 Journal of Social Sciences of Mus Alparslan University anemon Derginin ana sayfası: http://dergipark.gov.tr/anemon Araştırma Makalesi ● Research Article Turkey’s “Opening up to Africa”: From Idea to Full-Fledged Policy* Türkiye’nin “Afrika Açılımı”: Düşünceden Olgunlaşmış Politikaya Şerif Onur Bahçecik a,** a Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü, 06800, Ankara/Türkiye. ORCID: 0000-0003-3467-9173 MAKALE BİLGİSİ ÖZ Makale Geçmişi: Türkiye’nin Sahra altı ülkelerle ilişkileri 2000’li yıllardan itibaren önemli ilerleme kaydetmiştir. Var Başvuru tarihi: 16 Temmuz 2020 olan çalışmalar bu politikanın ardındaki motivasyonlara odaklanmış ve meselenin siyasal, ekonomik Düzeltme tarihi: 22 Kasım 2020 ve kültürel boyutlarını analiz etmişlerdir. Bu makale ise politikanın oluşum sürecine odaklanarak Kabul tarihi: 30 Kasım 2020 yazına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Türkiye’de Afrika ülkelerine yönelik bir açılım 2000’lerden önce gündeme gelmiş olsa da bu çabalar ya tam anlamıyla bir politikaya dönüşmemiş ya da hükümet değişikliği nedeniyle terk edilmiştir. 2000 sonrası Afrika politikasının başarılı bir Anahtar Kelimeler: şekilde ortaya çıkması kısmen bu çabalara ve siyasa girişimcilerinin destek alabilmek için Türk dış politikası benimsedikleri stratejilere bağlı olmuştur. Afrika Siyasa yapımı İnkrementalizm A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Turkey’s relations with Sub-Saharan African countries have developed substantially since the 2000s. Received 16 July 2020 Existing research has focused on the motivations for this policy and analyzed it from political, Received in revised form 22 November 2020 economic and cultural aspects.
    [Show full text]