DOCSLIB.ORG

UC Irvine UC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UC Irvine UC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations UC Irvine UC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title From Rome to Iran: Identity and Xusro II Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rp8c11b Author Baca-Winters, Keenan Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY*OF*CALIFORNIA, IRVINE From*Rome*to*Iran:*Identity*and*Xusrō*II DISSERTATION submitted*in*partial*satisfaction*of*the*requirements for*the*degree*of DOCTOR*OF*PHILOSOPHY in*History by Keenan*BacaMWinters *********Dissertation*Committee: *******************************Professor*Touraj*Daryaee,*chair *Professor*Elizabeth*DePalma*Digeser Associate*Professor*Laura*J.*Mitchell 2015 ©*2015*Keenan*BacaMWinters DEDICATION To*those*who*have*gone*before*me: Thomas*N.*Sizgorich*and*Gregory*J.*Winters Until*we*meet*again ii TABLE*OF*CONTENTS *******************************Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ******* v*** i CURRICULUM*VITAE ***vi ABSTRACT*OF*THE*DISSERTATION **** vii INTRODUCTION *********1*** CHAPTER*1:** Fear*in*a*Handful*of*Dust:*Roman* *********29 Emotional*Reaction*to*Xusrō*II ************** CHAPTER*2:** PseudoMSebēos*and*Xusrō*II:*An* *********66 Armenian*Seizes*His*Identity*in*a* PersoMRomano*World*************************** ************** CHAPTER*3:* Xusrō*II*and*the*Church*of*the*East* *******110 in*Ērānšahr ************** CHAPTER*4:** A*Dream*Deferred:*Xusrō*II*in* *******154 Ferdowsī's*Shahnameh+and*AlMṬabarī's* History ************** **** ******** ******************** CONCLUSION:** Xusrō,*We*Hardly*Knew*Ye *******195 BIBLIOGRAPHY *******215 iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This*dissertation*was*not*the*result*of*just*my*effort.*Many*people*have* supported*me*on*this*long*and*difeicult*journey.* I*eirst*would*like*to*thank*Thomas*Sizgorich,*whose*support*and*advice*he* gave*me*when*I*was*his*undergraduate*student*at*the*University*of*New* Mexico*inspired*me*to*become*a*scholar.*I*deeply*regret*our*friendship*at*UC* Irvine*was*cut*short*by*his*untimely*death,*and*I*will*always*treasure*the* memory*I*have*of*him*teaching*me*Syriac*on*Friday*afternoons*at*Arriba*Baja Grill*across*the*street*from*UCI.*Many*times,*the*lessons*stopped,*and*we* spoke*about*life.*Little*did*he*know*how*much*he*helped*me*navigate*life's* rough*waters*before*and*after*his*death.*Tom,*I*hope*this*dissertation*pays* off*some*of*the*debt*I*owe*you,*and*I*will*always*remember*to*help*my* students*like*you*helped*me. I*also*would*like*to*thank*Nancy*McLoughlin*for*opening*up*her*home*to*me* after*Tom's*death.*Not*only*did*I*live*with*Nancy*for*two*years,*but*she*also* was*my*unofeicial*adviser*and*cheerleader*during*my*time*at*UC*Irvine*and* when*I*was*writing*this*dissertation.*We*spent*a*lot*of*time*talking*about* how*to*survive*academia,*her*rowing*and*my*bicycling*workouts,*and,*more* importantly,*our*philosophyMthe*art*of*letting*things*go*and*doing*what*you* can*with*what*you*have.*Nancy*helped*me*out*during*many*difeicult*times* and*more*than*once*talked*me*down*from*the*metaphorical*ledge.*Thank* you,*Nancy. I*also*would*like*to*thank*Mary*Whitby*for*sending*me*all*of*her*hardMtoMeind* articles*on*George*of*Pisidia.*I*was*hoping*she*would*send*me*electronic* copies*of*those*articles,*but*imagine*my*surprise*when*I*found*the*articles*in* my*home*mailbox.*Her*husband,*Michael*Whitby,*also*went*above*and* beyond*and*sent*me*the*hard*copy*of*an*important*article*he*wrote*in*the* early*1990s.* The*help*of*Stephen*Rapp*was*also*instrumental*in*the*completion*of*this* dissertation.*Not*only*did*our*conversation*during*his*visit*to*UC*Irvine*help* me*contextualize*complicated*history*of*the*Caucus*region,*he*helped*me*by* speedily*giving*me*the*critical*edition*of*PseudoMSebēos.*I*cannot*express*in* words*how*much*I*appreciate*his*help.* I*would*be*remiss*if*I*did*not*mention*my*committee.*To*my*chair,*Touraj* Daryaee:*Thank*you*for*taking*me*on*as*your*student*after*Tom's*death.*To* iv Elizabeth*Digeser:*I*am*glad*you*agreed*to*help*with*with*my*dissertation.* You*have*kept*me*grounded*in*the*details*and*your*comments*have*made*me* a*better*scholar.*And*last,*but*not*least,*to*Laura*Mitchell:*Thank*you*for* helping*me*with*my*prose*and*showing*me*how*I*can*link*late*antiquity*with* world*history.*Because*of*your*guidance,*I*can*make*history*exciting*and* relevant*to*my*students*by*using*the*tools*you*gave*in*your*world*history* seminar. I*would*like*to*also*thank*my*family,*especially*my*mother,*Elizabeth*Baca,* and*grandmother,*Marcella*Baca,*for*indulging*me*with*my*incessant*need*to* have*her*read*to*me*when*I*was*a*child.*Because*of*this,*I*eind*joy*in*reading* the*primary*sources.*Thank*you*to*Father*Joseph*Vanderholt,*S.J.,*for* explaining*to*me,*in*the*simplest*terms,*the*difference*between*monophysite, diaphysite,*and*orthodox*Christianity.**I*owe*a*debt*to*Jhonn*Balance,*Peter* Christopherson,*and*Thighpaulsandra*for*the*aural*distractions.*Thanks*to* my*editor,*Jim*Wagner,*who*was*instrumental*in*helping*clean*up*my*writing. A*special*thanks*is*owed*to*Soodabeh*MelakzadehMEradji*for*being*there.*And most*importantly,*I*would*like*to*thank*my*late*father,*Gregory*Winters,*who,* when*I*was*younger,*knew*before*I*did*that*I*would*be*a*historian*and*made* sure*my*hunger*for*history*was*always*satiseied. I*must*also*express*my*gratitude*for*receiving*the*Regent's*Fellowship*from* UC*Irvine*and*the*Charles*and*Anne*Quilter*Graduate*Students*Award*in* History. I*thank*all*of*you*and*the*others*left*unmentioned.*All*these*people*are* responsible*for*the*good*parts*of*this*dissertation.*I,*on*the*other*hand,*am* responsible*for*anything*found*lacking. v CURRICULUM*VITAE Keenan*BacaMWinters EDUCATION Ph.D.*in*history,*University*of*California,*Irvine,*2015 M.A.*in*history,*San*Diego*State*University,*2010 B.A.*in*history,*University*of*New*Mexico,*2008 TEACHING,EXPERIENCE Teaching*assistant,*University*of*California,*Irvine,*2011M2013 Teaching*associate,*San*Diego*State*University,*2009M2010 Graduate*assistant,*San*Diego*Sate*University,*2008M2009 AWARDS Charles*and*Anne*Quilter*Graduate*Students*Award*in*History,*2014 Regent’s*Fellow,*the*University*of*California,*Irvine,*2010M2013 NonMresident*Tuition*Waver,*San*Diego*State*University,*2008M2009 PAPERS,BFORE,CONFERENCES “A*New*World:*Procopius’s*Depictions*of*Eastern*and*Western*Barbarians*in*the* Sixth*Century*CE”,*the*University*of*California,*Irvine,*History*GradMStudent* Association,*2011 “A*New*World:*Procopius’s*Depictions*of*Eastern*and*Western*Barbarians*in*the* Sixth*Century*CE”,*the*University*of*California,*Irvine,*GradMStudent*Recruitment* Meeting,*2011 “’Who*is*Better*at*Enduring*Toil?’:*Constructing*Memories*of*the*Hannibalic* Invasion*in*the*First*Century*CE”,*San*Diego*State*University,*Student*Research* Symposium,*2010 LANGUAGES Modern:*French,*Persian,*and*Spanish Ancient:*Syriac,*Middle*Persian,*Latin,*Classical*Greek,*Classical*Armenian vi ABSTRACT*OF*THE*DISSERTATION From*Rome*to*Iran:*Identity*and*Xusrō*II By Keenan*BacaMWinters Doctor*of*philosophy*in*History *University*of*California,*Irvine,*2015 Professor*Touraj*Daryaee,*chair ****** The*RomanMSasanian*War*of*the*seventh*century*CE*was*the*last* conelict*of*late*antiquity.*Šahanšah+Xusrō*II+nearly*conquered*the*Roman* Empire.*James*HowardMJohnston*has*studied*the*war*extensively.*Walter* Kaegi*has*produced*a*biography*of*Xusrō*II's*opponent,*Heraclius,*while* Geoffrey*Greatrex*and*Touraj*Daryaee*have*written*articles*focusing*on*Xusrō II.*Scholars,*however,*have*not*attempted*a*major*study*of*him.*This* dissertation*seeks*not*only*to*understand*how*different*authors*depicted* Xusrō*II*but*to*understand*the*man's*personality. Roman authors who witnessed the war sought to highlight only the negaM tive aspects of Xusrō II. He was, according to the Romans, an enemy of God. Fear of Xusrō II was the basis for these depictions. PseudoMSebēos, an Armenian histoM rian, depicted Xusrō II as an arrogant, blasphemous ruler. PseudoMSebēos, howevM ii er, did not write anything positive about the Romans, either, because both the Romans*and*Sasanians*wanted*to*control*Armenia.* Christians living under Xusrō II's rulership also seemed to despise him. They portray Xusrō II as wicked because, in an attempt to punish them, he did not let allow them to elect a ruler. A careful reading of these sources, however, suggests these authors were aware of how Xusrō II took care of Christians in his realm. Finally, Arab and Persian sources differ in their portrayals of Xusrō II beM cause both groups, although both Muslim, were competing for legitimacy in the postMIslamic conquest of Iran, due to ethnic tensions. Arab authors emphasized Xusrō*II's*faults.*Persian*authors,*on*the*other*hand,*presented*his*good*qualities. Ultimately, all of these different depictions of Xusrō II demonstrate that he possessed a eierce will and embraced a vision of how to rule. Xusrō II wanted to conquer the Romans and extend his domain and be remembered forever. Xusrō II's drive might have made him seem arrogant to the authors studied in this disM sertation, and they depicted him accordingly. We should not, however, lose sight of*the*man*he*truly*was:*a*man*who*dared*to*dream.* iii INTRODUCTION Preliminaries Before*the*reader*is*introduced*to*Xusrō*II's*rule*(590*CEM628*CE)–the*man* who*almost*conquered*the*Roman*Empire–it*is*necessary*to*discuss*the*milieu+of*his reign*and*how*rebellion,*opportunity,*total*war,*and*betrayal*were*part*of*his*story.* Xusrō*II*was*an*interesting*character*who*dared*to*dream*big*and*desired*to*etch*his name*indelibly*in*the*annals*of*history.*His*story*starts*when*he*was*a*young*man.*
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Armenian Secret and Invented Languages and Argots
    Armenian Secret and Invented Languages and Argots The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Russell, James R. Forthcoming. Armenian secret and invented languages and argots. Proceedings of the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:9938150 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP 1 ARMENIAN SECRET AND INVENTED LANGUAGES AND ARGOTS. By James R. Russell, Harvard University. Светлой памяти Карена Никитича Юзбашяна посвящается это исследование. CONTENTS: Preface 1. Secret languages and argots 2. Philosophical and hypothetical languages 3. The St. Petersburg Manuscript 4. The Argot of the Felt-Beaters 5. Appendices: 1. Description of St. Petersburg MS A 29 2. Glossary of the Ṙuštuni language 3. Glossary of the argot of the Felt-Beaters of Moks 4. Texts in the “Third Script” of MS A 29 List of Plates Bibliography PREFACE Much of the research for this article was undertaken in Armenia and Russia in June and July 2011 and was funded by a generous O’Neill grant through the Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies at Harvard. For their eager assistance and boundless hospitality I am grateful to numerous friends and colleagues who made my visit pleasant and successful. For their generous assistance in Erevan and St.
    [Show full text]
  • Combat Motivation and Cohesion in the Age of Justinian by Conor Whately, University of Winnipeg
    Combat Motivation and Cohesion in the Age of Justinian By Conor Whately, University of Winnipeg One topic that regularly recurs in the scholarship on modern warfare is combat cohesion and motivation. Many volumes have been published on these topics, and there is no sign that this interest might abate any time soon. That interest has only rarely filtered down to scholarship of the ancient and late antique worlds, however. 1 The sixth century is well suited to analyses of these issues given the abundance of varied and high quality evidence, despite the lack of attention given the subject by modern scholars. This chapter seeks to remedy this by offering an introduction to combat cohesion and motivation in the sixth century. It forms the second half of a two-part project on the subject, and the core this project is the evidence of Procopius. 2 Procopius describes more than thirty battles or sieges from the age of Justinian,3 and his battle narratives have been the subject of a good deal of research. 4 Yet there is much more work to do on sixth-century combat and our understanding Procopius’ value as a source for military history. By introducing the subject of combat cohesion and motivation in the sixth century, this paper seeks to move the discussion forward. 5 The first part of this paper will be concerned with motivation, and will explore the much discussed “ratio of fire” and its applicability in an ancient context, the presumed bellicosity of some soldiers that many of our sources hint at, and the role of fear in motivating soldiers to fight and to maintain their cohesion.
    [Show full text]
  • Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (Ca
    Conversion and Empire: Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (ca. 300-900) by Alexander Borislavov Angelov A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in The University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor John V.A. Fine, Jr., Chair Professor Emeritus H. Don Cameron Professor Paul Christopher Johnson Professor Raymond H. Van Dam Associate Professor Diane Owen Hughes © Alexander Borislavov Angelov 2011 To my mother Irina with all my love and gratitude ii Acknowledgements To put in words deepest feelings of gratitude to so many people and for so many things is to reflect on various encounters and influences. In a sense, it is to sketch out a singular narrative but of many personal “conversions.” So now, being here, I am looking back, and it all seems so clear and obvious. But, it is the historian in me that realizes best the numerous situations, emotions, and dilemmas that brought me where I am. I feel so profoundly thankful for a journey that even I, obsessed with planning, could not have fully anticipated. In a final analysis, as my dissertation grew so did I, but neither could have become better without the presence of the people or the institutions that I feel so fortunate to be able to acknowledge here. At the University of Michigan, I first thank my mentor John Fine for his tremendous academic support over the years, for his friendship always present when most needed, and for best illustrating to me how true knowledge does in fact produce better humanity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Depiction of the Arsacid Dynasty in Medieval Armenian Historiography 207
    Azat Bozoyan The Depiction of the ArsacidDynasty in Medieval Armenian Historiography Introduction The Arsacid, or Parthian, dynasty was foundedinthe 250s bce,detaching large ter- ritories from the Seleucid Kingdom which had been formed after the conquests of Alexander the Great.This dynasty ruled Persia for about half amillennium, until 226 ce,when Ardashir the Sasanian removed them from power.Under the Arsacid dynasty,Persia became Rome’smain rival in the East.Arsacid kingsset up theirrel- ativesinpositions of power in neighbouringstates, thus making them allies. After the fall of the Artaxiad dynasty in Armenia in 66 ce,Vologases IofParthia, in agree- ment with the RomanEmpire and the Armenian royal court,proclaimed his brother Tiridates king of Armenia. His dynasty ruled Armenia until 428 ce.Armenian histor- iographical sources, beginning in the fifth century,always reserved aspecial place for that dynasty. MovsēsXorenacʽi(Moses of Xoren), the ‘Father of Armenian historiography,’ at- tributed the origin of the Arsacids to the Artaxiad kingswho had ruled Armenia be- forehand. EarlyArmenian historiographic sources provide us with anumber of tes- timoniesregarding various representativesofthe Arsacid dynasty and their role in the spread of Christianity in Armenia. In Armenian, as well as in some Syriac histor- ical works,the origin of the Arsacids is related to King AbgarVof Edessa, known as the first king to officiallyadopt Christianity.Armenian and Byzantine historiograph- ical sources associate the adoption of Christianity as the state religion in Armenia with the Arsacid King Tiridates III. Gregory the Illuminator,who playedamajor role in the adoption of Christianity as Armenia’sstate religion and who even became widelyknown as the founder of the Armenian Church, belongstoanother branch of the samefamily.
    [Show full text]
  • Berichus and the Evidence for Aspar's Political Power and Aims in the Last Years of Theodosius II's Reign
    Studia Ceranea 8, 2018, p. 237–251 ISSN: 2084-140X DOI: 10.18778/2084-140X.08.13 e-ISSN: 2449-8378 Łukasz Pigoński (Łódź) Berichus and the Evidence for Aspar’s Political Power and Aims in the Last Years of Theodosius II’s Reign he objective of this article is to explore the evidence for the political position T of Aspar in the last years of the reign of Theodosius II. There is almost no information concerning the general’s activity in the sources; only one situation mentioned by Priscus provides some evidence, albeit indirect. The event in ques- tion is the diplomatic scandal concerning a certain Berichus, a Hunnic nobleman and diplomat, who fell into disagreement with the envoy Maximinus over the lat- ter’s alleged statements concerning Aspar’s incompetence and lack of influence at the court. The situation is certainly unclear and calls for further analysis. It is important to note that scholars are not in agreement when it comes to the evaluation of Aspar’s political power and goals in the last years of the reign of The- odosius II. Most researchers concentrate on the political struggle that emerged immediately after the emperor’s death and involved Aspar, Theodosius’s sister Pulcheria, as well as the eunuch Chrysaphius – Theodosius’s all-powerful advisor. It used to be assumed routinely in the literature that Aspar retained his political power despite his military defeats at the hands of the Huns, and used it to secure the throne for his close subordinate, Marcian1. This viewpoint was independently challenged by Ronald Bleeker and Kenneth Holum, both of whom claimed that Aspar’s influence diminished severely in those years, so that he was only able to regain it through his alliance with Pulcheria2.
    [Show full text]
  • Tall Armenian Tales: a Guide to the “Art” of Heritage Thievery KAMRAN IMANOV * Tall Armenian Tales: a Guide to the “Art” of Heritage Thievery
    KAMRAN IMANOV Tall Armenian Tales: a Guide to the “Art” of Heritage Thievery KAMRAN IMANOV * Tall Armenian Tales: a Guide to the “Art” of Heritage Thievery The book - “Tall Armenian Tales”, presented to the reader’s attention, consists of two thematic sections. Chapter I, entitled “I came, I saw, I... stole”, is about the misappropriation and armenization of intellectual property of the Azerbaijani people, intellectual plagiarism of the Azerbaijani folklore, dastans (epics) and other epic works, the desire to seize the Azerbaijani bayati (Azerbaijani folk poems), proverbs and sayings. The book also narrates about the “armenization” of tales, anecdotes, music and other samples of folk genre. What is the common of these various manifestations of Armenian plagiary shown in the chapter “I came, I saw, ..., I stole”? The fact is that, firstly, these “tales” do not have an Armenian origin, but only an Armenian presentation. These tales are alien to the Armenian people; in addition, these are the same “anecdotes” in allegorical meaning of this term in the form of absurdities - false statements shown in Chapter II - “The Theatre of Absurd.” PREFACE .............................................................................................. 6 CHAPTER I. “I came, I saw,.. .1 stole”: about the Armenian tradition of misappropriation of the Azerbaijani cultural heritage ............................................................... 8 §1. “I c a m e , w h i c h briefly tells about the mass settlement of the Armenians in the South Caucasus .............................. 9 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS §2. I s a w , w h i c h relates about what Armenians experienced in the South Caucasus .................................................................................... 14 §3. I stole”, which relates about the origins of the Armenian plagiarism .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Publications 1427998433.Pdf
    THE CHURCH OF ARMENIA HISTORIOGRAPHY THEOLOGY ECCLESIOLOGY HISTORY ETHNOGRAPHY By Father Zaven Arzoumanian, PhD Columbia University Publication of the Western Diocese of the Armenian Church 2014 Cover painting by Hakob Gasparian 2 During the Pontificate of HIS HOLINESS KAREKIN II Supreme Patriarch and Catholicos of All Armenians By the Order of His Eminence ARCHBISHOP HOVNAN DERDERIAN Primate of the Western Diocese Of the Armenian Church of North America 3 To The Mgrublians And The Arzoumanians With Gratitude This publication sponsored by funds from family and friends on the occasion of the author’s birthday Special thanks to Yeretsgin Joyce Arzoumanian for her valuable assistance 4 To Archpriest Fr. Dr. Zaven Arzoumanian A merited Armenian clergyman Beloved Der Hayr, Your selfless pastoral service has become a beacon in the life of the Armenian Apostolic Church. Blessed are you for your sacrificial spirit and enduring love that you have so willfully offered for the betterment of the faithful community. You have shared the sacred vision of our Church fathers through your masterful and captivating writings. Your newest book titled “The Church of Armenia” offers the reader a complete historiographical, theological, ecclesiological, historical and ethnographical overview of the Armenian Apostolic Church. We pray to the Almighty God to grant you a long and a healthy life in order that you may continue to enrich the lives of the flock of Christ with renewed zeal and dedication. Prayerfully, Archbishop Hovnan Derderian Primate March 5, 2014 Burbank 5 PREFACE Specialized and diversified studies are included in this book from historiography to theology, and from ecclesiology to ethno- graphy, most of them little known to the public.
    [Show full text]
  • Saint Maximus the Confessor and His Defense of Papal Primacy
    Love that unites and vanishes: Saint Maximus the Confessor and his defense of papal primacy Author: Jason C. LaLonde Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108614 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2019 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. Love that Unites and Vanishes: Saint Maximus the Confessor and his Defense of Papal Primacy Thesis for the Completion of the Licentiate in Sacred Theology Boston College School of Theology and Ministry Fr. Jason C. LaLonde, S.J. Readers: Fr. Brian Dunkle, S.J., BC-STM Dr. Adrian Walker, Catholic University of America May 3, 2019 2 Introduction 3 Chapter One: Maximus’s Palestinian Provenance: Overcoming the Myth of the Greek Life 10 Chapter Two: From Monoenergism to Monotheletism: The Role of Honorius 32 Chapter Three: Maximus on Roman Primacy and his Defense of Honorius 48 Conclusion 80 Appendix – Translation of Opusculum 20 85 Bibliography 100 3 Introduction The current research project stems from my work in the course “Latin West, Greek East,” taught by Fr. Brian Dunkle, S.J., at the Boston College School of Theology and Ministry in the fall semester of 2016. For that course, I translated a letter of Saint Maximus the Confessor (580- 662) that is found among his works known collectively as the Opuscula theologica et polemica.1 My immediate interest in the text was Maximus’s treatment of the twin heresies of monoenergism and monotheletism. As I made progress
    [Show full text]
  • Puschnigg, Gabrielle 2006 Ceramics of the Merv Oasis; Recycling The
    Ceramics of the Merv Oasis: recycling the city Gabriele Puschnigg CERAMICS OF THE MERV OASIS PUBLICATIONS OF THE INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON Director of the Institute: Stephen Sherman Publications Series Editor: Peter J. Ucko The Institute of Archaeology of University College London is one of the oldest, largest and most prestigious archaeology research facilities in the world. Its extensive publications programme includes the best theory, research, pedagogy and reference materials in archaeology and cognate disciplines, through publishing exemplary work of scholars worldwide. Through its publications, the Institute brings together key areas of theoretical and substantive knowledge, improves archaeological practice and brings archaeological findings to the general public, researchers and practitioners. It also publishes staff research projects, site and survey reports, and conference proceedings. The publications programme, formerly developed in-house or in conjunction with UCL Press, is now produced in partnership with Left Coast Press, Inc. The Institute can be accessed online at http://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology. ENCOUNTERS WITH ANCIENT EGYPT Subseries, Peter J. Ucko, (ed.) Jean-Marcel Humbert and Clifford Price (eds.), Imhotep Today (2003) David Jeffreys (ed.), Views of Ancient Egypt since Napoleon Bonaparte: Imperialism, Colonialism, and Modern Appropriations (2003) Sally MacDonald and Michael Rice (eds.), Consuming Ancient Egypt (2003) Roger Matthews and Cornelia Roemer (eds.), Ancient Perspectives on Egypt (2003) David O'Connor and Andrew Reid (eds.). Ancient Egypt in Africa (2003) John Tait (ed.), 'Never had the like occurred': Egypt's View of its Past (2003) David O'Connor and Stephen Quirke (eds.), Mysterious Lands (2003) Peter Ucko and Timothy Champion (eds.), The Wisdom of Egypt: Changing Visions Through the Ages (2003) Andrew Gardner (ed.), Agency Uncovered: Archaeological Perspectives (2004) Okasha El-Daly, Egyptology, The Missing Millennium: Ancient Egypt in Medieval Arabic Writing (2005) Ruth Mace, Clare J.
    [Show full text]
  • Astrology and Religion in the Zoroastrian Pahlavi Texts*
    Astrology anD Religion in the Zoroastrian Pahlavi TeXts* ENRICO G. RAFFAELLI Abstract This article overviews the references to astrology found in the Zoroastrian religious texts in Middle Persian (or Pahlavi) dating from the Sasanian period to the 10th century. Through their analysis, it highlights how astrology was integrated in the Zoro- astrian doctrinal corpus from the Sasanian times to the early Islamic period. The basic view underlying the astrological refer- ences in the Pahlavi texts, is that the good astral entities (which include the zodiacal constellations, the sun, and the moon), fight against the evil astral entities (which include planets and lunar nodes). The main astrological doctrines documented in these texts are that of the horoscope of birth of the world and of Gayōmard (the first man), the astrological explanation of the death of Gayōmard at age 30, the millenary chronocratoria, that is, the rule over time, of zodiacal constellations and of Saturn, and the melothesia, that is, the attribution of the parts of the body, to celestial entities. The article argues that these doctrines express the Zoroastrian view that the malefic influence of the evil astral bodies contributes to the pollution characterizing the present state of existence of the world. The article also touches upon astrological doctrines documented in Zoroastrian New Persian texts. Keywords: Astrology – Sasanian Zoroastrianism – Early Islamic Zoroastrianism –– Avesta – Pahlavi literature – Zand litera- ture – Magi– Zurvanism – Horoscope of the world – Chronocratoria – Melothesia – New Persian Literature INTRODUCTION These two groups of texts are the only direct sources of information about the interaction between astrology and This article focuses on the way in which astrology Zoroastrian theology in the Sasanian period, and in the was integrated into the corpus of the Zoroastrian doc- first centuries following it3.
    [Show full text]
  • Mecusi Geleneğinde Tektanrıcılık Ve Düalizm Ilişkisi
    T.C. İSTANBUL ÜN İVERS İTES İ SOSYAL B İLİMLER ENST İTÜSÜ FELSEFE VE D İN B İLİMLER İ ANAB İLİM DALI DİNLER TAR İHİ B İLİM DALI DOKTORA TEZ İ MECUS İ GELENE Ğİ NDE TEKTANRICILIK VE DÜAL İZM İLİŞ KİSİ Mehmet ALICI (2502050181) Tez Danı şmanı: Prof.Dr. Şinasi GÜNDÜZ İstanbul 2011 T.C. İSTANBUL ÜN İVERS İTES İ SOSYAL B İLİMLER ENST İTÜSÜ FELSEFE VE D İN B İLİMLER İ ANAB İLİM DALI DİNLER TAR İHİ B İLİM DALI DOKTORA TEZ İ MECUS İ GELENE Ğİ NDE TEKTANRICILIK VE DÜAL İZM İLİŞ KİSİ Mehmet ALICI (2502050181) Tez Danı şmanı: Prof.Dr. Şinasi GÜNDÜZ (Bu tez İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilimsel Ara ştırma Projeleri Komisyonu tarafından desteklenmi ştir. Proje numarası:4247) İstanbul 2011 ÖZ Bu çalı şma Mecusi gelene ğinde tektanrıcılık ve düalizm ili şkisini ortaya çıkı şından günümüze kadarki tarihsel süreç içerisinde incelemeyi hedef edinir. Bu ba ğlamda Mecusilik üç temel teolojik süreç çerçevesinde ele alınmaktadır. Bu ba ğlamda birinci teolojik süreçte Mecusili ğin kurucusu addedilen Zerdü şt’ün kendisine atfedilen Gatha metninde tanrı Ahura Mazda çerçevesinde ortaya koydu ğu tanrı tasavvuru incelenmektedir. Burada Zerdü şt’ün anahtar kavram olarak belirledi ği tanrı Ahura Mazda ve onunla ili şkilendirilen di ğer ilahi figürlerin ili şkisi esas alınmaktadır. Zerdü şt sonrası Mecusi teolojisinin şekillendi ği Avesta metinleri ikinci teolojik süreci ihtiva etmektedir. Bu dönem Zerdü şt’ten önceki İran’ın tanrı tasavvurlarının yeniden kutsal metne yani Avesta’ya dahil edilme sürecini yansıtmaktadır. Dolayısıyla Avesta edebiyatı Zerdü şt sonrası dönü şen bir teolojiyi sunmaktadır. Bu noktada ba şta Ahura Mazda kavramı olmak üzere, Zerdü şt’ün Gatha’da ortaya koydu ğu mefhumların de ğişti ği görülmektedir.
    [Show full text]
  • Zoroastrianism from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Create account Log in Article Talk Read View source View history Search Zoroastrianism From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss Main page these issues on the talk page. Contents The neutrality of this article is disputed. (March 2012) Featured content This article may contain previously unpublished synthesis of Current events published material that conveys ideas not attributable to the Random article original sources. (March 2012) Donate to Wikipedia This article contains weasel words: vague phrasing that often Interaction accompanies biased or unverifiable information. (March 2012) Help Part of a series on About Wikipedia Zoroastrianism /ˌzɒroʊˈæstriənɪzəm/, also called Mazdaism Zoroastrianism Community portal and Magianism, is an ancient Iranian religion and a religious Recent changes philosophy. It was once the state religion of the Achaemenid, Contact page Parthian, and Sasanian empires. Estimates of the current number of Zoroastrians worldwide vary between 145,000 and Toolbox 2.6 million.[1] Print/export In the eastern part of ancient Persia more than a thousand The Faravahar, believed to be a depiction of a fravashi years BCE, a religious philosopher called Zoroaster simplified Languages Primary topics the pantheon of early Iranian gods[2] into two opposing forces: Afrikaans Ahura Mazda Ahura Mazda (Illuminating Wisdom) and Angra Mainyu Alemannisch Zarathustra (Destructive Spirit) which were in conflict. aša (asha) / arta Angels and demons ا open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd.com Angels and demons ا Aragonés Zoroaster's ideas led to a formal religion bearing his name by Amesha Spentas · Yazatas about the 6th century BCE and have influenced other later Asturianu Ahuras · Daevas Azərbaycanca religions including Judaism, Gnosticism, Christianity and Angra Mainyu [3] Беларуская Islam.
    [Show full text]