Search of House Mite's Fauna and Investigation of Relationship
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
78 KUWAIT MEDICAL JOURNAL March 2019 Original Article Search of house mite’s fauna and investigation of relationship between house dust mite and allergy in the province of Hatay, Turkey Burcu Gulkan1, Serpil Degerli2, Gulnaz Culha1, Nazan Savas3, Semra Ozcelik2 1Department of Parasitology, Mustafa Kemal Univercity Medical Faculty, Hatay, Turkey 2Department of Parasitology, Cumhuriyet Univercity Medical Faculty, Sivas, Turkey 3Department of Public Health, Mustafa Kemal Univercity Medical Faculty, Hatay, Turkey Kuwait Medical Journal 2019; 51 (1): 78 - 85 ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to search house mite’s fauna of lactic acid precipitation; and the identification of the and to investigate the relationship between house dust samples in which mites were detected was made according mite prevalence and house-related risk factors and allergic to the Coloff’s type identification key. diseases. Results: Out of 200 samples of house dust, mite was Design: Cross sectional study detected in 57.5% of them. The most frequently found Setting : Two hundred houses in 25 different neigborhoods type of mite was determined as D. pteronyssinus (72.2%). in Hatay province of Turkey. Hatay province is located in There was no significant relationship found between the East Mediterranean Region with a population of 1,519,836. mite prevalence and other criteria, except the number of It has the border with Syria. The sample was selected by rooms when the ground clearance of houses, the case of clustered sociodemographic region systematic random garden, carpet type, washing temperature and duration sampling method. of duvets, times of the insolation of pillows and quilts, Subjects: Two hundred samples of house dust heating devices, cleaning times, insolation conditions, Intervention: A survey was used. Pearson Chi-Square test presence of a pet and the economic situation of the family was used. were analyzed (p >0.05). Main outcome measure(s): Samples of house dust in total Conclusion It is determined that mite prevalence in the were analyzed according to Spieksma-Boezman method province of Hatay, Turkey is higher than many regions. KEY WORDS: allergic diseases, house dust mite INTRODUCTION These allergens are found in mite’s body fragments, Asthma and other allergic diseases are important secretions and especially in their stools[3]. The allergens public health problems since they lead to physical in mites’ stools are caused by the digestion of nutrients, troubles for millions of people in the world, especially and it is known that they are capable of producing children, causing lower quality of life and economic stools 20 times a day[2,4]. burden. House dust mites are considered to be the The most widespread types of dust mites and most significant source of indoor allergens that are allergens in the world are D. pteronyssinus (Der p), D. related to allergic diseases. House dust mites are farinae (Der f), E. maynei and B. Tropicalis. Group 1 (Der commonly found in people’s natural life environment, p 1 and Der f 1) allergens found in D. pteronyssinus work environment and all other suitable environments and D. farinae constitute the major threat for human produce strong allergens[1-3]. beings’ health[4-6]. Address correspondence to: Prof. Dr. Nazan Savas, Department of Public Health, Mustafa Kemal Univercity Medical Faculty, Hatay, Turkey. Tel: +90 505 9386417; E-mail: [email protected] March 2019 KUWAIT MEDICAL JOURNAL 79 Asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, individual habits, dwelling structure and allergic urticaria and anaphylactic shock can be seen when symptoms in individuals. hypersensitive individuals get in contact with these allergens or receive them through inhalation[3,6,7]. MATERIALS AND METHODS Although symptoms are generally seen in respiratory In this study, 200 samples of house dust in total system (such as sneezing, itchy eyes, wheezing), were collected from 25 different neighborhoods in the they could cause death in the case of hypersensitive province of Hatay in the time period between January- individuals due to wheezing, shortness of breath and December 2012. One hundred and eighty-nine samples even acute attacks of bronchial asthma[4]. of dust in total were collected from the houses. While allergic sensitivity to house dust is observed The houses were categorized as 60 single-storey in 10% of the general population, the rate increases houses and 129 apartments. Also, 11 samples of dust up to 45% among asthmatic patients[8]. Sensitivity to in total were collected from 11 different classrooms house dust mites is seen in 50% of allergic people, of a kindergarten. We considered to compare the whereas for asthmatic children, this rate reaches 80%[9]. types of mites in houses and kindergartens. Eighty- House dust mites, for which the main nutritional nine of the houses constituted a low socioeconomic source is skin flakes of human beings and animals, are level, including 60 single-storey houses and 29 assumed to be 0.3 mm in size and they are believed apartments. These were chosen from the settlements to involve 45,000 types, although only 5% of the types whose infrastructure problems are not addressed and could be identified[1,8-10]. Their life-cycles generally environmental cleaning is not fully supplied. The consist of the stages of egg, larva, protonymph, remaining 100 houses were chosen from settlements tritonymph and adult[5,11]. Fertilized females can with completed infrastructure and well-provided ovulate 1-3 eggs each day for D. pteronyssinus during environmental cleaning. It was observed that hygiene 45 days, and for D. farinae during 30 days[1-3]. rules were paid attention and the staff was using For mites, humidity and temperature galoshes and aprons in the kindergarten, which was constitute important environmental factors that affect located in a settlement with good socio-economic level. the population in a period from the egg stage until The participants were asked about the occurence of the adult stage[5,12]. It has been determined by studies allergic symptoms among individuals of a family and that the most convenient temperature for mites to the number of people in whom the symptoms were reproduce is 25 - 27 °C, relative humidity need is about seen. Allergic symptoms were categorized as coughing, 75 - 80%, and they can develop in 19 - 30 days under itching, shortness of breath, wheezing, runny and these conditions[3,13,14]. itchy nose, consecutive and frequent sneezing, red Besides the impact of climate and the structure eyes and watery eyes in the survey[19,20]. In addition, the of environment, house dust mites’ species diversity number of rooms in the houses, insolation conditions and population density can also depend on the of the houses, heating systems of the houses, the characteristic features of the house and furniture and frequency of cleaning in the houses, the frequency of the life conditions of the household[4,12]. Studies report the insolation of pillows and quilts in the houses, the that house dust mites are mostly found in bed, quilt, frequency and the temperature of washing duvets in pillow, sheet, blanket and carpets[3,15]. 70% of house the houses, presence or absence of a pet in the houses, dust mites determined by studies in many countries type of carpet used in the houses and income level of consisted of D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae species[2,16]. the houses were learned through surveys. According to the studies made in our country, Dust samples were collected by using a 1200 watt house dust mites are found at the rate of 18.6% across vacuum cleaner and a different dust bag for each Turkey and the most common species is reported as D. house. House dusts were vacuumed from the carpets Pteronyssinus[7,9,17,18]. in bedrooms, living rooms and kids rooms, bed facets There has not been any compherensive study for and couches by vacuuming for 2 - 3 minutes per the search of house dust mite’s fauna in the province 1 square meter. Dust samples collected from each of Hatay, Turkey and investigation of its relationship house were placed in plastic bags and labeled. Name- with allergy. In this study, in which the contribution surname, address, date of the collection of dust and to control programs is intended by considering the time were recorded on the labels. Also, a survey was importance of struggling against mites for public applied in each household to determine the case of health, it is aimed to make the search of house dust allergy in family members, structure of the house, mite’s fauna in the province of Hatay, and also to cleaning habits and socio-economic level of the family. investigate the relationship between house dust Characteristics of the houses and family members mite prevalence and climate, environmental factors, with allergy complaints were determined by the 80 Search of house mite’s fauna and investigation of relationship between house dust mite ... March 2019 Table 1: The presence of mites according to house type, garden, insolation, times of cleaning, animal and quilt washing temparature Life environment Mite Positive Mite Negative Total P-value Number %** Number %** House type House 107 56.6 82 43.4 115 0.54* Kindergarden classroom 8 72.7 3 27.3 85 Garden Present 72 55.5 51 41.5 123 0.70α Absent 43 55.8 34 44.2 77 Insolation Low 19 16.5 17 20 36 0.48α Moderate 68 59.1 43 50.6 111 Hıgh 28 24.3 25 29.4 53 Times of cleaning Daıly 50 62.5 30 35.5 80 0.53α Every three days 50 54.4 42 49.4 92 Every seven days 12 50 12 14.1 24 Every seven< days 3 75 1 25.0 4 Animal Present 24 64.9 13 35.1 37 0.16α Absent 91 55.8 72 44.2 163 Quilt washing temperature 30 ºC 11 57.9 8 9,4 19 0.66α 60 ºC 84 57.5 62 72.9 146 90 ºC 12 50 12 14.1 24 Never 8 7 3 3.5 11 α Pearson Chi-Square, *Fisher Exact test, **RowPercent questionnaires which were filled in completely by in house dust were identified according to Coloff’s an adult in each household.