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The Experience of Abandonment Before and After Receiving Dialectical Behaviour Therapy

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The Experience of Abandonment Before and After Receiving Dialectical Behaviour Therapy University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2014-05-02 The Experience of Abandonment Before and After Receiving Dialectical Behaviour Therapy Rued-Fraser, Annemarie Cynthia Rued-Fraser, A. C. (2014). The Experience of Abandonment Before and After Receiving Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/28142 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/1488 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY The Experience of Abandonment Before and After Receiving Dialectical Behaviour Therapy by Annemarie Cynthia Rued-Fraser A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASER OF SCIENCE Division of Applied Psychology CALGARY, ALBERTA April, 2014 © Annemarie Cynthia Rued-Fraser 2014 Abstract The objective of this study was to determine whether receiving Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) influences the perception and experience of abandonment by individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Participant eligibility was primarily defined by a confirmed diagnosis of BPD and completion of the first phase (e.g. skills training) of DBT. Four co-researchers (three female and one male) completed both the biographical questionnaire and the semi-structured interview administered by the primary researcher in one-on-one sessions. Verbatim transcripts of the interviews were analyzed according to the phenomenological existential method. The results indicated that there is a common emotional, cognitive, and behavioural experience of abandonment among the participants both before and after DBT, that the experience of abandonment is indeed different after DBT, and that this difference in experience is attributable to the application of DBT skills and DBT therapist trait of empathy used as an intervention in the form of validation. ii Acknowledgements I would like to express the deepest appreciation to my supervisor Dr. Kevin Alderson who has continually and persuasively conveyed a spirit of adventure in regard to research and scholarship. Without his supervision and help this dissertation would not have been possible. I would like to acknowledge fellow MSc Counselling Psychology students, Constantine Chondros, Cordelle Neufeld, and Ashley Bishop, for assisting me with the organization of themes and sub-themes. I would also like to thank the staff at Inner Solutions for their assistance with the recruitment of potential participants for the current study. In addition, my appreciation is extended to Donna Hughes, Frank Kelton, Jaime LeBarron, and Dr. Tom Strong for their insightful comments and critique, and their general support of this thesis. I express my deepest gratitude to the individuals who agreed to participate in this study. Your courage in speaking openly about the experience of abandonment is inspiring and commendable. I would like to thank my parents, Regula Brunies and Pierre Ménard, for their priceless support during this endeavour and throughout my life. Mama, you have taught me how to be a strong woman in the face of any challenge. Pierre, you have shown me how to appreciate the serenity and wisdom that lives in quiet contemplation and acceptance. I would like to show appreciation to my mother-in-law, Johanne Fraser, for her encouragement and for helping with all the little things that tend to fall by the iii wayside when one is deeply entrenched in thesis-writing. I acknowledge Kiara, our energetic and dynamic daughter, for helping me gain perspective on the meaning of abandonment and resilience. Finally, I thank my husband, Devin Rued-Fraser. His unwavering love has been integral in healing my wounds of abandonment. His perseverance in facing the lessons presented in life has helped me have the courage to do the same. There are no words that could adequately describe how much he inspires me to love and grow every single day. iv Dedication Trent O. Meacham Sr. (b. 16 Jun, 1925 d. 23 Nov, 2004) For the man who inspired my interest in the subject of abandonment. v Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iii Dedication ............................................................................................................................v Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... vi List of Tables .......................................................................................................................x List of Figures and Illustrations ......................................................................................... xi Epigraph ............................................................................................................................ xii CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................1 Rationale ..........................................................................................................................1 Statement of Purpose .......................................................................................................2 Significance of the Study .................................................................................................2 Organization of the Thesis ...............................................................................................7 CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................9 Borderline Personality Disorder ......................................................................................9 Understanding Borderline Personality Disorder ........................................................9 Between the borders of neurosis and psychosis. ................................................10 Empirical research and diagnostic criteria. ........................................................10 Understanding the Psychological Mechanisms of BPD ...........................................14 Attachment theory and BPD. .............................................................................14 Biosocial theory and BPD. .................................................................................20 Abandonment .................................................................................................................25 Defining Abandonment ............................................................................................25 Physical versus emotional abandonment. ..........................................................25 The IDBPD’s experience of abandonment. .......................................................29 The Place of Abandonment in BPD .........................................................................31 Empirical support for abandonment as a core symptom of BPD. .....................32 Theoretical support for abandonment as a core symptom of BPD. ...................34 Treatment of BPD ..........................................................................................................34 Dialectical Behaviour Therapy .................................................................................35 Theoretical Foundations. ...................................................................................35 The Structure and Purpose of DBT. ...................................................................38 The DBT Counsellor. .........................................................................................39 Does DBT really work for BPD? .......................................................................40 DBT and Abandonment. ....................................................................................42 Summary ........................................................................................................................42 CHAPTER 3 – METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................44 The Existential-Phenomenological Method ...................................................................44 vi Description of the Existential-Phenomenological Method .......................................44 Data Collection Procedure ........................................................................................45 Co-Researchers ..............................................................................................................48 Recruiting a Hidden Population ...............................................................................48 Co-Researcher Information ......................................................................................50 Nicole. ................................................................................................................50 Sal....... ...............................................................................................................52
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