DOCSLIB.ORG

46122-003: Preparing Outer Islands for Sustainable Energy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
46122-003: Preparing Outer Islands for Sustainable Energy Initial Environmental Examination Project No. 46122-003 July 2020 Maldives: Preparing Outer Islands for Sustainable Energy Development Project (Phase 3a Sub-project - Shaviyani Atoll) Prepared by Ministry of Environment and Energy, Government of Maldives for the Asian Development Bank. This initial environmental examination report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Initial Environmental Examination for Shaviyani Atoll (POISED Phase 3a sub-Project) Prepared for Preparing Outer Islands for Sustainable Energy Development (POISED) Project Ministry of Environment and Energy 1 Initial Environmental Examination: POISED Phase 3a islands, Shaviyani Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................... 2 List of Figures ................................................................................................................. 3 List of Tables .................................................................................................................. 3 1 Executive summary .................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Natural and Social Environment at Site ............................................................. 5 1.2 Impacts assessment and mitigation ................................................................... 6 1.3 Consultation, participation and information disclosure ....................................... 8 2 Introduction .............................................................................................................10 2.1 Purpose of IEE .................................................................................................10 2.2 Scope of IEE ....................................................................................................10 2.3 Background ......................................................................................................10 2.4 IEE Methodology and Outline ...........................................................................11 3 Description of the Sub-project .................................................................................12 3.1 Project location .................................................................................................13 3.2 Project Activities ...............................................................................................15 3.2.1 Project Activities: Construction Phase .........................................................16 3.2.2 Project Activities: Operational Phase ..........................................................16 3.3 Project Management and Implementation Plan ................................................17 3.4 Project budget ..................................................................................................17 4 Policy legal and administrative framework ...............................................................18 4.1 EIA Process of the Maldives .............................................................................18 4.1.1 Government Requirements for proposed Phase 3a sub-project ..................18 4.2 Environmental Standards .................................................................................19 5 Existing Environment ...............................................................................................21 5.1 The Physical environment ................................................................................21 5.1.1 Meteorology and Climate ............................................................................24 5.1.2 Geology, Soils and Mineral Resources .......................................................25 5.1.3 Water Resources ........................................................................................26 5.1.4 Biodiversity .................................................................................................26 5.1.5 Protected areas ...........................................................................................28 5.2 The social environment ....................................................................................30 6 Impacts assessment and mitigation measures ........................................................31 6.1.1 Impacts and mitigation: Planning phase ......................................................34 6.1.2 Impacts and mitigation: Construction phase ................................................35 6.1.3 Impacts and mitigation: Operational phase .................................................44 2 Initial Environmental Examination: POISED Phase 3a islands, Shaviyani 7 Alternatives analysis ................................................................................................48 8 Consultation, Participation and Information Disclosure ............................................48 8.1 Summary of consultations ................................................................................49 8.2 Information Disclosure ......................................................................................50 9 Environmental monitoring plan ................................................................................50 9.1 Grievance Redress Mechanism ........................................................................52 10 Conclusion ..............................................................................................................53 Appendices ....................................................................................................................54 Appendix 1: EIA Decision Note for POISED projects .................................................54 List of Figures Figure 1. Map of Shaviyani Atoll (adapted from: Google Earth Pro map) .......................14 Figure 2. RE hybrid systems for POISED islands. a) Type A, b) Type B and Type C .....16 Figure 3. Sh. Kan’ditheemu ...........................................................................................21 Figure 4. Sh. Goidhoo ...................................................................................................21 Figure 5. Sh. Noomaraa ................................................................................................21 Figure 6. Sh. Feevah .....................................................................................................22 Figure 7. Sh. Feydhoo ...................................................................................................22 Figure 8. Sh. Bileiyfahi ...................................................................................................22 Figure 9. Sh. Foakaidhoo ..............................................................................................22 Figure 10. Sh. Narudhoo ...............................................................................................23 Figure 11. Sh. Maroshi ..................................................................................................23 Figure 12. Sh. Lhaimagu ...............................................................................................23 Figure 13. Sh. Komandoo ..............................................................................................23 Figure 14. Sh. Maaun’goodhoo .....................................................................................24 Figure 15. Milandhoo .....................................................................................................24 Figure 16. Annual wind rose for Hanimaadhoo station in the north, 2012 ......................25 Figure 17. Percentage vegetation cover in the islands of Shaviyani Atoll, Maldives .......27 Figure 18. Old kaani tree in Sh. Maroshi (Source: Wikipedia) ........................................29 Figure 19. Population distribution of islands in Shaviyani atoll .......................................30 Figure 20. Distribution of local and foreign population in islands of Shaviyani Atoll ........31 Figure 21. Site location for ground mounting PV panels in Sh. Narudhoo ......................35 List of Tables Table 1. Summary of Negative Impacts and Mitigation for Shaviyani islands .................. 7 Table 2. Summary of RE hybrid system for islands in Shaviyani Atoll ............................13 Table 3. Summary of existing features on each island in Shaviyani Atoll .......................14 Table 4. Generic designs of RE hybrid systems for POISED project islands..................15 Table 5. Estimated Budget for Implementing RE Hybrid Systems in Shaviyani Atoll ......17 Table 6. Some Selected Noise Standards .....................................................................19 Table 7. Ambient Air Quality Standards of WHO/WB EHS .............................................20 Table 8. Ecologically sensitive areas in Shaviyani Atoll (Information: Environment Protection Agency, Maldives) ....................................................................................................29 Table 9. Impacts matrix for the Phase 3a sub-project in Shaviyani Atoll ........................33 3 Initial Environmental Examination:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Population and Housing Census 2014
    MALDIVES POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS 2014 National Bureau of Statistics Ministry of Finance and Treasury Male’, Maldives 4 Population & Households: CENSUS 2014 © National Bureau of Statistics, 2015 Maldives - Population and Housing Census 2014 All rights of this work are reserved. No part may be printed or published without prior written permission from the publisher. Short excerpts from the publication may be reproduced for the purpose of research or review provided due acknowledgment is made. Published by: National Bureau of Statistics Ministry of Finance and Treasury Male’ 20379 Republic of Maldives Tel: 334 9 200 / 33 9 473 / 334 9 474 Fax: 332 7 351 e-mail: [email protected] www.statisticsmaldives.gov.mv Cover and Layout design by: Aminath Mushfiqa Ibrahim Cover Photo Credits: UNFPA MALDIVES Printed by: National Bureau of Statistics Male’, Republic of Maldives National Bureau of Statistics 5 FOREWORD The Population and Housing Census of Maldives is the largest national statistical exercise and provide the most comprehensive source of information on population and households. Maldives has been conducting censuses since 1911 with the first modern census conducted in 1977. Censuses were conducted every five years since between 1985 and 2000. The 2005 census was delayed to 2006 due to tsunami of 2004, leaving a gap of 8 years between the last two censuses. The 2014 marks the 29th census conducted in the Maldives. Census provides a benchmark data for all demographic, economic and social statistics in the country to the smallest geographic level. Such information is vital for planning and evidence based decision-making. Census also provides a rich source of data for monitoring national and international development goals and initiatives.
    [Show full text]
  • National Geospatial Database for Maldives to Mainstream Climate Change Adaptation in Development Planning (ADB Brief No. 117)
    NO. 117 November 2019 ADB BRIEFS KEY POINTS National Geospatial Database for • The Republic of Maldives is one of the most biodiverse Maldives to Mainstream Climate countries in the world, yet it is among the most vulnerable Change Adaptation in Development to climate change. The country needs to ensure the Planning sustainable management of natural resources in spite of the impacts and consequences of climate Liping Zheng change. Advisor • The government’s Asian Development Bank environmental management and resource conservation National Consultant Team: efforts that began in the early 1990s have been constrained Ahmed Jameel Hussain Naeem by a lack of relevant data and Integrated Coastal Zone Coastal Ecosystems and Biodiversity information. Management Specialist Specialist • This brief presents the Faruhath Jameel Mahmood Riyaz development of a geospatial Geographic Information Systems database and maps to help Climate Change Risk Assessment Maldives (i) assess disaster Specialist and Team Leader Specialist risks and impacts; (ii) reduce these by strengthening the design of programs and policies; and (iii) mainstream BACKGROUND climate change adaptation in development planning. Maldives is a developing state composed of 26 natural atolls with about 1,192 small coral islands spread over roughly 90,000 square kilometers in the Indian Ocean. The country • A geospatial database is divided into 20 administrative regions, each with a local administrative authority on coastal and marine governed by the central government. With some of the world’s most beautiful beaches, ecosystems that includes Maldives has relied on high-end tourism to expand its economy over recent decades climate risk assessment and gained middle-income status with the highest per capita income in South Asia.1 information makes it feasible to screen for climate risks in Maldives is characterized by extremely low elevations and, as one of the most development projects and geographically dispersed countries in the world, it is among the most vulnerable to programs at national and climate change.
    [Show full text]
  • Table 2.3 : POPULATION by SEX and LOCALITY, 1985, 1990, 1995
    Table 2.3 : POPULATION BY SEX AND LOCALITY, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 , 2006 AND 2014 1985 1990 1995 2000 2006 20144_/ Locality Both Sexes Males Females Both Sexes Males Females Both Sexes Males Females Both Sexes Males Females Both Sexes Males Females Both Sexes Males Females Republic 180,088 93,482 86,606 213,215 109,336 103,879 244,814 124,622 120,192 270,101 137,200 132,901 298,968 151,459 147,509 324,920 158,842 166,078 Male' 45,874 25,897 19,977 55,130 30,150 24,980 62,519 33,506 29,013 74,069 38,559 35,510 103,693 51,992 51,701 129,381 64,443 64,938 Atolls 134,214 67,585 66,629 158,085 79,186 78,899 182,295 91,116 91,179 196,032 98,641 97,391 195,275 99,467 95,808 195,539 94,399 101,140 North Thiladhunmathi (HA) 9,899 4,759 5,140 12,031 5,773 6,258 13,676 6,525 7,151 14,161 6,637 7,524 13,495 6,311 7,184 12,939 5,876 7,063 Thuraakunu 360 185 175 425 230 195 449 220 229 412 190 222 347 150 197 393 181 212 Uligamu 236 127 109 281 143 138 379 214 165 326 156 170 267 119 148 367 170 197 Berinmadhoo 103 52 51 108 45 63 146 84 62 124 55 69 0 0 0 - - - Hathifushi 141 73 68 176 89 87 199 100 99 150 74 76 101 53 48 - - - Mulhadhoo 205 107 98 250 134 116 303 151 152 264 112 152 172 84 88 220 102 118 Hoarafushi 1,650 814 836 1,995 984 1,011 2,098 1,005 1,093 2,221 1,044 1,177 2,204 1,051 1,153 1,726 814 912 Ihavandhoo 1,181 582 599 1,540 762 778 1,860 913 947 2,062 965 1,097 2,447 1,209 1,238 2,461 1,181 1,280 Kelaa 920 440 480 1,094 548 546 1,225 590 635 1,196 583 613 1,200 527 673 1,037 454 583 Vashafaru 365 186 179 410 181 229 477 205 272
    [Show full text]
  • ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT for the Proposed Resort Development in Kabaalifaru Resort, Shaviyani Atoll, Maldives
    ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the Proposed resort development in Kabaalifaru Resort, Shaviyani Atoll, Maldives Proposed by Ali Shareef Signature: Prepared by Aslam Shakir For Water Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Maldives September 2007 EIA for Kanbaalifaru, Vol 1, Rev 0 Page | ii Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE EIA .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 TERMS OF REFERENCE AND SCOPE FOR THIS EIA ............................................................................ 1 1.3 METHODOLOGIES .............................................................................................................................. 2 1.4 EXECUTION OF THE EIA .................................................................................................................... 3 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................................... 4 2.1 PROJECT PROPONENT ........................................................................................................................ 4 2.2 PROJECT LOCATION ........................................................................................................................... 4 2.3 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION .................................................................................................................... 5 2.4 PROJECT
    [Show full text]
  • Coastal Adpatation Survey 2011
    Survey of Climate Change Adaptation Measures in Maldives Integration of Climate Change Risks into Resilient Island Planning in the Maldives Project January 2011 Prepared by Dr. Ahmed Shaig Ministry of Housing and Environment and United Nations Development Programme Survey of Climate Change Adaptation Measures in Maldives Integration of Climate Change Risks into Resilient Island Planning in the Maldives Project Draft Final Report Prepared by Dr Ahmed Shaig Prepared for Ministry of Housing and Environment January 2011 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 COASTAL ADAPTATION CONCEPTS 2 3 METHODOLOGY 3 3.1 Assessment Framework 3 3.1.1 Identifying potential survey islands 3 3.1.2 Designing Survey Instruments 8 3.1.3 Pre-testing the survey instruments 8 3.1.4 Implementing the survey 9 3.1.5 Analyzing survey results 9 3.1.6 Preparing a draft report and compendium with illustrations of examples of ‘soft’ measures 9 4 ADAPTATION MEASURES – HARD ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS 10 4.1 Introduction 10 4.2 Historical Perspective 10 4.3 Types of Hard Engineering Adaptation Measures 11 4.3.1 Erosion Mitigation Measures 14 4.3.2 Island Access Infrastructure 35 4.3.3 Rainfall Flooding Mitigation Measures 37 4.3.4 Measures to reduce land shortage and coastal flooding 39 4.4 Perception towards hard engineering Solutions 39 4.4.1 Resort Islands 39 4.4.2 Inhabited Islands 40 5 ADAPTATION MEASURES – SOFT ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS 41 5.1 Introduction 41 5.2 Historical Perspective 41 5.3 Types of Soft Engineering Adaptation Measures 42 5.3.1 Beach Replenishment 42 5.3.2 Temporary
    [Show full text]
  • A Rapid Assessment of Natural Environments in the Maldives
    A rapid assessment of natural environments in the Maldives Charlie Dryden, Ahmed Basheer, Gabriel Grimsditch, Azim Mushtaq, Steven Newman, Ahmed Shan, Mariyam Shidha, Hussain Zahir A rapid assessment of natural environments in the maldives Charlie Dryden, Ahmed Basheer, Gabriel Grimsditch, Azim Mushtaq, Steven Newman, Ahmed Shan, Mariyam Shidha, Hussain Zahir The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), USAID (United States Agency for International Development), Project Regenerate or the Government of Maldives concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN, USAID, Project Regenerate or the Government of Maldives. This publication has been made possible in part by funding from USAID. The facilitation required for the research has been made possible by the Ministry of Environmemt, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Marine Research Centre and the Maldives Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture. This research has been made possible with the collaboration and expertise of Banyan Tree Maldives , The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), The Marine Research Centre (MRC), M/Y Princess Rani, Scuba Centre Maldives diving fleet, Angsana Ihuru, Angsana Velavaru, Bandos Maldives, Banyan Tree Maldives, Hurawalhi Island Resort, Holiday Inn Resort Kandooma, Kuramathi Island Resort, Kuredu Island Resort and Spa, Kurumba Maldives, Shangri-La Maldives, Six Senses Laamu, Soneva Jani, Taj Exotica Resort and Spa, Maldives and Vivanta by Taj Coral Reef, Aquaventure divers Addu, Farikede Dive Centre Fuvahmulah, Blue In Dive and Watersports, Eurodivers – Kandooma, Eurodivers – Kurumba and Small Island Research Group in Fares Maathoda, Shaviyani Atoll Funadhoo council, Haa Dhaalu Atoll council and Noonu Atoll Holhudhoo council.
    [Show full text]
  • For the Installation of an Incinerator at Kulhudhuffushi, Haa Dhaalu Atoll
    ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT For the Installation of an Incinerator at Kulhudhuffushi, Haa Dhaalu Atoll By Water Solutions (January 2020) Proposed by: Ministry of Environment Prepared by: Ahmed Jameel (EIA P07/2007), Abdul Aleem (EIA P03/2019) For Water Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Maldives February 2020 EIA for the Installation of an Incinerator at Kulhudhuffushi, Haa Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives 1 Table of contents 1 Table of contents ...................................................................................................... 2 2 List of Figures and Tables ........................................................................................ 6 3 Declaration of the consultants .................................................................................. 8 4 Proponents Commitment and Declaration ............................................................... 9 5 Non-Technical Summary ....................................................................................... 13 6 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 15 6.1 Structure of the EIA ...................................................................................... 15 6.2 Aims and Objectives of the EIA .................................................................... 15 6.3 EIA Implementation ...................................................................................... 15 6.4 Rational for the formulation of alternatives .................................................. 15 6.5
    [Show full text]
  • Waste Management Development in The
    WASTE MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT IN THE MALDIVES John Cocks, MWH New Zealand Limited ([email protected]); Stephen Akester, MacAlister Elliott and Partners Limited, Norman Oakley, Oakley Pinfold Turvey International Limited; Shafee Mohamed, Ministry of Planning and National Development, Republic of Maldives Introduction The Republic of Maldives is situated south of India, between 7o north and 0.5o south. It comprises some 1,200 atoll islands of which 200 are inhabited by approximately 300,000 people. The Maldives is an Islamic state. These days the Maldives is popularly known as a nation of emerald, tropical islands that beckon those in search of an idyllic holiday. Its history is long, dating back two millennia or more. In 2000, the Government initiated the first regional development project, funded by the Asian Development Bank and the Islamic Development Bank. The object was to make institutional, infrastructure and environmental improvements in two regions distant from the centrally located capital, Male. These are the northern region is centred on the island of Kulhudhuffushi and the southern region in Addu Atoll on the islands of Hithadhoo, Feydhoo and Maradhoo, which are connected by causeways. The infrastructural development comprised solid waste management facilities, a pilot sewerage scheme and a new road that included causeways and bridges designed to improve water flow into the atoll. This paper focuses on the solid waste management and pilot sewerage scheme aspects of the project. Project Overview The project was managed within the Maldives by the Ministry of Planning and National Development (MPND). They reported to a Project Steering committee whose members came from a number of Government ministries.
    [Show full text]
  • 37327 Public Disclosure Authorized
    37327 Public Disclosure Authorized REPUBLIC OF THE MALDIVES Public Disclosure Authorized TSUNAMI IMPACT AND RECOVERY Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized JOINT NEEDS ASSESSMENT WORLD BANK - ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - UN SYSTEM ki QU0 --- i 1 I I i i i i I I I I I i Maldives Tsunami: Impact and Recovery. Joint Needs Assessment by World Bank-ADB-UN System Page 2 ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank DRMS Disaster Risk Management Strategy GDP Gross Domestic Product GoM The Government of Maldives IDP Internally displaced people IFC The International Finance Corporation IFRC International Federation of Red Cross IMF The International Monetary Fund JBIC Japan Bank for International Cooperation MEC Ministry of Environment and Construction MFAMR Ministry of Fisheries, Agriculture, and Marine Resources MOH Ministry of Health NDMC National Disaster Management Center NGO Non-Governmental Organization PCB Polychlorinated biphenyls Rf. Maldivian Rufiyaa SME Small and Medium Enterprises STELCO State Electricity Company Limited TRRF Tsunami Relief and Reconstruction Fund UN United Nations UNFPA The United Nations Population Fund UNICEF The United Nations Children's Fund WFP World Food Program ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was prepared by a Joint Assessment Team from the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the United Nations, and the World Bank. The report would not have been possible without the extensive contributions made by the Government and people of the Maldives. Many of the Government counterparts have been working round the clock since the tsunami struck and yet they were able and willing to provide their time to the Assessment team while also carrying out their regular work. It is difficult to name each and every person who contributed.
    [Show full text]
  • Awarded Project List As of 30Th Jan 2020.Pdf
    0 as of 30th January 2020 National Tender Ministry of Finance NATIONAL TENDER AWARDED PROJECTS Column1 Project Number Agency Project Name Island Awarded Party Awarded Amount in MVR Contract Duration Assembling of Kalhuvakaru Mosque and Completion of Landscape TES/2019/W-054 Completion of Landscape works AMAN Maldives Pvt Ltd MVR 2,967,867.86 120 Days Department of Heritage works TES/2019/W-103 Local Government Authority Construction of L. Isdhoo Council new Building L. Isdhoo UNI Engineering Pvt Ltd MVR 4,531,715.86 285 Days TES/2019/W-114 Local Government Authority Construction of Community Centre - Sh. Foakaidhoo Sh. Foakaidhoo L.F Construction Pvt Ltd MVR 5,219,890.50 365 Days TES/2019/W-108 Local Government Authority Construction of Council New Building at Ga. Kondey Ga. Kondey A Man Maldives pvt Ltd MVR 4,492,486.00 365 Days TES/2019/W-117 Local Government Authority Construction of Council Building at K.Hura K.Hura Afami Maldives Pvt Ltd MVR 5,176,923.60 300 Days TES/2019/W-116 Local Government Authority Construction of Council Building at Th. Madifushi Th. Madifushi Afami Maldives Pvt Ltd MVR 5,184,873.60 300 Days TES/2019/W-115 Local Government Authority Construction of Council Building at Lh.Naifaru Lh.Naifaru Nasa Link Pvt Ltd MVR 5,867,451.48 360 Days Safari Uniform fehumah PRISCO ah havaalukurumuge hu'dha ah 2019/1025/BC03/06 Maldives Correctional Service Male' Prison Cooperative Society (PRISCO) MVR 59,500.24 edhi TES/2019/G-014 Maldives Correctional Service Supply and Delivery Of Sea Transport Vessels K.
    [Show full text]
  • Protected Areas Distribution
    73°0'0"E 74°0'0"E 73°0'0"E 74°0'0"E 73°0'0"E 74°0'0"E Northern Maldives Central Maldives Rasfari beyru Huraa Mangrove Area Southern Maldives Laamu Atoll Rasdhoo Madivaru Girifushi Thila Banana Reef Nassimo Thila 7°0'0"N 7°0'0"N Kuda Haa Lions Head Hans Hass Place; HP Reef Haa Alifu Atoll Mayaa Thila &% Kari beyru Thila Baarah Kulhi Emboodhoo Alifu Alifu Atoll Kanduolhi Orimas Thila 4°0'0"N Kaafu Atoll 4°0'0"N Haa Dhaalu Atoll Fish Head Guraidhoo &% Kanduolhi &% Keylakunu Neykurendhoo Mangrove Hurasdhoo Alifu Dhaalu Atoll 1°0'0"N 1°0'0"N Kudarah Thila Hithaadhoo Rangali Kandu Dhevana Kandu Shaviyani Atoll &% Farukolhu South Ari Atoll MPA Vaavu Atoll Filitheyo Kandu Gaafu Alifu Atoll Vattaru Kandu 6°0'0"N 6°0'0"N Faafu Atoll Noonu Atoll Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll Fushee Kandu Meemu Atoll 3°0'0"N Hakuraa Thila 3°0'0"N Kuredu Express Dhigulaabadhoo Raa Atoll &% Dhaalu Atoll &% Fushivaru Thila 0°0'0" 0°0'0" &% Bathala Region Anemone City &% Lhaviyani Atoll Mendhoo Region Angafaru Thoondi Area Dhandimagu Kilhi &% Maahuruvalhi &% &% &% &% Hanifaru Bandaara Kilhi Thaa Atoll Gnaviyani Atoll Baa Atoll Dhigali Haa &% 5°0'0"N Olhugiri 5°0'0"N Kan'di hera The Wreck of Corbin&% &% Hithadhoo Protected Area Goidhoo Koaru &% Seenu Atoll Mathifaru Huraa British Loyalty 2°0'0"N 2°0'0"N Laamu Atoll Makunudhoo channel &% Kaafu Atoll ¶ Rasfari beyru&% Huraa Mangrove Area 1°0'0"S 1°0'0"S &% Rasdhoo Madivaru &% Girifushi Thila &% Protected Areas &% Nassimo Thila &% Legend Kuda Haa &%Male' CityBanana Reef Kari beyru Thila &% &% Distribution Map Mayaa Thila Lions Head Hans Hass Place Protected Areas 2019 (Total 50 sites) 0 25 50 100 Km &% &% &% Sources: EPA 2019 Alifu Alifu Atoll Emboodhoo Islands Kanduolhi Map version Date: 30/06/2019 &% Orimas Thila Projection: Transverse Mercator (UTM Zone 43 N); 4°0'0"N &% 4°0'0"N Reefs Prepared by: Ministry of Environment, Maldives Fish Head &%Guraidhoo Kanduolhi Horizontal Datum: WGS84; 73°0'0"E 74°0'0"E 73°0'0"E 74°0'0"E 73°0'0"E 74°0'0"E.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Supply and Demand
    Technical Report Energy Supply and Demand Fund for Danish Consultancy Services Assessment of Least-cost, Sustainable Energy Resources Maldives Project INT/99/R11 – 02 MDV 1180 April 2003 Submitted by: In co-operation with: GasCon Project ref. no. INT/03/R11-02MDV 1180 Assessment of Least-cost, Sustainable Energy Resources, Maldives Supply and Demand Report Map of Location Energy Consulting Network ApS * DTI * Tech-wise A/S * GasCon ApS Page 2 Date: 04-05-2004 File: C:\Documents and Settings\Morten Stobbe\Dokumenter\Energy Consulting Network\Løbende sager\1019-0303 Maldiverne, Renewable Energy\Rapporter\Hybrid system report\RE Maldives - Demand survey Report final.doc Project ref. no. INT/03/R11-02MDV 1180 Assessment of Least-cost, Sustainable Energy Resources, Maldives Supply and Demand Report List of Abbreviations Abbreviation Full Meaning CDM Clean Development Mechanism CEN European Standardisation Body CHP Combined Heat and Power CO2 Carbon Dioxide (one of the so-called “green house gases”) COP Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention of Climate Change DEA Danish Energy Authority DK Denmark ECN Energy Consulting Network elec Electricity EU European Union EUR Euro FCB Fluidised Bed Combustion GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Green house gas (principally CO2) HFO Heavy Fuel Oil IPP Independent Power Producer JI Joint Implementation Mt Million ton Mtoe Million ton oil equivalents MCST Ministry of Communication, Science and Technology MOAA Ministry of Atoll Administration MFT Ministry of Finance and Treasury MPND Ministry of National Planning and Development NCM Nordic Council of Ministers NGO Non-governmental organization PIN Project Identification Note PPP Public Private Partnership PDD Project Development Document PSC Project Steering Committee QA Quality Assurance R&D Research and Development RES Renewable Energy Sources STO State Trade Organisation STELCO State Electric Company Ltd.
    [Show full text]