Greater Male Waste-To-Energy Project

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Greater Male Waste-To-Energy Project wr Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors Project Number: 51077-003 July 2020 Proposed Loan, Grant, Technical Assistance Grant, and Administration of Loan and Grant Republic of Maldives: Greater Malé Waste-to-Energy Project Distribution of this document is restricted until it has been approved by the Board of Directors. Following such approval, ADB will disclose the document to the public in accordance with ADB’s Access to Information Policy. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 7 July 2020) Currency unit – Rufiyaa (Rf) Rf1.00 = $0.06 $1.00 = Rf15.40 ABBREVIATIONS 3R – reduce-reuse-recycle ADB – Asian Development Bank AIIB – Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank COVID-19 – coronavirus disease DBO – design–build–operate EIA – environmental impact assessment EIRR – economic internal rate of return EMP – environmental management plan EPA – Environmental Protection Agency FMA – financial management assessment ha – hectare JFJCM Japan Fund for the Joint Crediting Mechanism MOE – Ministry of Environment MOF – Ministry of Finance MW – megawatt O&M – operation and maintenance PAM – project administration manual PMU – project management unit SWM – solid waste management TA – technical assistance tpd – tons per day TRTA – transaction technical assistance WTE – waste-to-energy NOTE In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars. Vice-President Shixin Chen, Operations 1 Director General Kenichi Yokoyama, South Asia Department (SARD) Director Norio Saito, Urban Development and Water Division (SAUW), SARD Team leader Luca Di Mario, Urban Development Specialist, SAUW, SARD Team members Mikael Andersson, Financial Management Specialist, Portfolio, Results and Quality Control Unit, SARD Saswati Belliappa, Safeguards Specialist, SAUW, SARD Dharmesh Dawda, Procurement Specialist, Procurement Division 1, Procurement, Portfolio and Financial Management Department Shintaro Fujii, Environment and Climate Change Specialist, Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management Division (SDCD), Sustainable Development and Climate Change Department (SDCC) Steven Goldfinch, Disaster Risk Management Specialist, SDCD, SDCC Jaimes Kolantharaj, Energy Specialist, Energy Division (SAEN), SARD Emma Marsden, Senior Environment Specialist, SAEN, SARD Masato Nakane, Senior Economist, Regional Cooperation and Operations Coordination Division, SARD Roshan Ouseph, Senior Counsel, Office of the General Counsel Ninette Pajarillaga, Environment Specialist (Safeguards), Portfolio, Results, Safeguards and Gender Unit, Central and West Asia Department Santosh Pokharel, Urban Economist, SAUW, SARD Erwin Salaveria, Associate Partnerships Officer, Strategic Partnerships Division, Strategy, Policy and Partnerships Department Maria Angelica Zosa, Operations Assistant, SAUW, SARD Peer reviewer Satoshi Ishii, Principal Urban Development Specialist, Urban Development and Water Division, Southeast Asia Department In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. CONTENTS Page PROJECT AT A GLANCE MAP I. THE PROPOSAL 1 II. THE PROJECT 1 A. Rationale 1 B. Project Description 4 C. Value Added by ADB 5 D. Summary Cost Estimates and Financing Plan 5 E. Implementation Arrangements 7 III. ATTACHED TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 8 IV. DUE DILIGENCE 8 A. Technical 8 B. Economic and Financial Viability 9 C. Sustainability 10 D. Governance 10 E. Poverty, Social, and Gender 11 F. Safeguards 11 G. Summary of Risk Assessment and Risk Management Plan 12 V. ASSURANCES 13 VI. RECOMMENDATION 13 APPENDIXES 1. Design and Monitoring Framework 14 2. List of Linked Documents 17 Project Classification Information Status: Complete PROJECT AT A GLANCE 1. Basic Data Project Number: 51077-003 Project Name Greater Male Waste-to-Energy Project Department/Division SARD/SAUW Country Maldives Executing Agency Ministry of Finance Borrower Government of Maldives (formerly Ministry of Finance and Treasury) Country Economic https://www.adb.org/Documents/LinkedDocs/ Indicators ?id=51077-003-CEI Portfolio at a Glance https://www.adb.org/Documents/LinkedDocs/ ?id=51077-003-PortAtaGlance 2. Sector Subsector(s) ADB Financing ($ million) Water and other urban Urban policy, institutional and capacity development 4.50 infrastructure and services Urban solid waste management 60.89 Energy Renewable energy generation - biomass and waste 8.00 Total 73.39 3. Operational Priorities Climate Change Information Addressing remaining poverty and reducing inequalities GHG reductions (tons per annum) 40,000 Accelerating progress in gender equality Climate Change impact on the High Tackling climate change, building climate and disaster resilience, and Project enhancing environmental sustainability Making cities more livable ADB Financing Strengthening governance and institutional capacity Adaptation ($ million) 7.11 Mitigation ($ million) 59.89 Cofinancing Adaptation ($ million) 0.00 Mitigation ($ million) 49.50 Sustainable Development Goals Gender Equity and Mainstreaming SDG 6.3 Some gender elements (SGE) SDG 11.6 SDG 12.5 Poverty Targeting SDG 13.a Geographic Targeting 4. Risk Categorization: Complex . 5. Safeguard Categorization Environment: A Involuntary Resettlement: C Indigenous Peoples: C . 6. Financing Modality and Sources Amount ($ million) ADB 73.39 Sovereign Project grant: Asian Development Fund 35.18 Sovereign Project (Concessional Loan): Ordinary capital resources 38.21 Cofinancing 50.00 Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank - Project loan (Partial ADB 40.00 Administration) Japan Fund for the Joint Crediting Mechanism - Grant projects (Full ADB 10.00 Administration) Counterpart 27.74 Government 27.74 Total 151.13 Note: An attached technical assistance will be financed on a grant basis by the Technical Assistance Special Fund (TASF-6) in the amount of $500,000. Currency of ADB Financing: US Dollar Source: Asian Development Bank This document must only be generated in eOps. 11032020100910994603 Generated Date: 01-Jul-2020 15:52:11 PM o o MALDIVES 72 00'E 74 00'E GREATER MALÉ THILADHUNMATHEE UTHURUBURI WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROJECT (Haa Alifu Atoll) Gallandhoo Channel THILADHUNMATHEE DHEKUNUBURI (Haa Dhaalu Atoll) ZONE 1 MILADHUNMADULU UTHURUBURI (Shaviyani Atoll) Moresby Channel MILADHUNMADULU DHEKUNUBURI (Noonu Atoll) o MAALHOSMADULU UTHURUBURI o 6 00'N (Raa Atoll) 6 00'N N FAADHIPPOLHU 0 50 100 ZONE 2 (Lhaviyani Atoll) Kilometers MAALHOSMADULU DHEKUNUBURI (Baa Atoll) Outer Islands National Capital Atoll Administrative Boundary Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative. ZONE 3 ARI ATHOLHU UTHURUBURI (Alifu Alifu Atoll) This map was produced by the cartography unit of the Asian Development ( project area ) Bank. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and any other information MALE’ ATHOLHU shown on this map do not imply, on the part of the Asian Development Bank, Outer Islands Vaadhoo (Kaafu Atoll) any judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or Channel GREATER MALÉ acceptance of such boundaries, colors, denominations, or information. ARI ATHOLHU DHEKUNUBURI Outer Islands (Alifu Dhaalu Atoll) Kanduoih-giri Fulidu Channel GREATER MALÉ Gaagandu Furanafushi FELIDHE ATHOLHU Ariadhoo Channel (Vaavu Atoll) Aramh Thilafushi Outer Islands Location for proposed NILANDHE ATHOLHU UTHURUBURI waste-to-energy plant Vihamanaafushi (Faafu Atoll) Vattaru Channel Hulhumalé Giraavaru Feydhoofinolhu MULAKU ATHOLHU ZONE 4 (Meemu Atoll) Gulhi Falhu NILANDHE ATHOLHU DHEKUNUBURI Malé Villingili (Dhaalu Atoll) Kudahuvadhoo Channel KOLHUMADULU ZONE 2 ZONE 3 (Thaa Atoll) (project area) HADHDHUNMATHI (Laamu Atoll) ZONE 5 MAALHOSMADULU DHEKUNUBURI Veymandoo Channel (Baa Atoll) MALE’ATHOLHU ARI ATHOLHU UTHURUBURI (Kaafu Atoll) (Alifu Alifu Atoll) Outer One and Half Degree Channel Islands HUVADHU ATHOLHU UTHURUBURI (Gaafu Alifu Atoll) Outer ZONE 6 Islands Vaadhoo GREATER Channel MALÉ Outer (Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll) Islands HUVADHU ATHOLHU DHEKUNUBURI o 0 o 00'N 0 00'N Equatorial Channel ARI ATHOLHU DHEKUNUBURI Fulidu Channel FUVAHMULAH (Alifu Dhaalu Atoll) FELIDHEATHOLHU (Gnaviyani Atoll) (Vaavu Atoll) ZONE 7 Outer ZONE 4 Ariadhoo Channel Islands ADDU ATHOLHU NILANDHEATHOLHU UTHURUBURI (Seenu Atoll) (Faafu Atoll) o Vattaru Channel 72 00'E 74 o 00'E 200089 19MLD ABV I. THE PROPOSAL 1. I submit for your approval the following report and recommendation on (i) a proposed loan; and (ii) a proposed grant, both to the Republic of Maldives for the Greater Malé Waste-to-Energy Project.1 The report also describes (i) the proposed partial administration of a loan to be provided by the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) for the project; (ii) the proposed administration of a grant to be provided by the Japan Fund for the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JFJCM); and (iii) proposed technical assistance (TA) for Supporting Capacity for Sustainable Waste-to-Energy Service Delivery, and if the Board approves the proposed loan and grant, I, acting under the authority delegated to me by the Board, approve the TA and administration of the loan and grant. 2. The project will establish a sustainable regional solid waste management (SWM) system for the Greater Malé region and its neighboring outer islands by (i) developing treatment (proven waste-to-energy [WTE] technology), recycling, and disposal infrastructure; (ii) strengthening institutional capacities for sustainable solid waste services delivery
Recommended publications
  • Electricity Needs Assessment
    Electricity needs Assessment Atoll (after) Island boxes details Remarks Remarks Gen sets Gen Gen set 2 Gen electricity electricity June 2004) June Oil Storage Power House Availability of cable (before) cable Availability of damage details No. of damaged Distribution box distribution boxes No. of Distribution Gen set 1 capacity Gen Gen set 1 capacity Gen set 2 capacity Gen set 3 capacity Gen set 4 capacity Gen set 5 capacity Gen Gen set 2 capacity set 2 capacity Gen set 3 capacity Gen set 4 capacity Gen set 5 capacity Gen Total no. of houses Number of Gen sets Gen of Number electric cable (after) cable electric No. of Panel Boards Number of DamagedNumber Status of the electric the of Status Panel Board damage Degree of Damage to Degree of Damage to Degree of Damaged to Population (Register'd electricity to the island the to electricity island the to electricity Period of availability of Period of availability of HA Fillladhoo 921 141 R Kandholhudhoo 3,664 538 M Naalaafushi 465 77 M Kolhufushi 1,232 168 M Madifushi 204 39 M Muli 764 134 2 56 80 0001Temporary using 32 15 Temporary Full Full N/A Cables of street 24hrs 24hrs Around 20 feet of No High duty equipment cannot be used because 2 the board after using the lights were the wall have generators are working out of 4. reparing. damaged damaged (2000 been collapsed boxes after feet of 44 reparing. cables,1000 feet of 29 cables) Dh Gemendhoo 500 82 Dh Rinbudhoo 710 116 Th Vilufushi 1,882 227 Th Madifushi 1,017 177 L Mundoo 769 98 L Dhabidhoo 856 130 L Kalhaidhoo 680 94 Sh Maroshi 834 166 Sh Komandoo 1,611 306 N Maafaru 991 150 Lh NAIFARU 4,430 730 0 000007N/A 60 - N/A Full Full No No 24hrs 24hrs No No K Guraidhoo 1,450 262 K Huraa 708 156 AA Mathiveri 73 2 48KW 48KW 0002 48KW 48KW 00013 breaker, 2 ploes 27 2 some of the Full Full W/C 1797 Feet 24hrs 18hrs Colappes of the No Power house, building intact, only 80KW generator set of 63A was Distribution south east wall of working.
    [Show full text]
  • Deep South Atolls — Beyond the Southern Hemisphere of the Maldives Text by Jordi Chias Photos by Rafa Fernande
    Deep South Atolls — Beyond the Southern Hemisphere of the Maldives Text by Jordi Chias Photos by Rafa Fernande 31 X-RAY MAG : 103 : 2021 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO travel Maldives We were in Addu, the second We started our trip by exploring the state of conservation was very good. The largest “city” in the Maldives finest dive spots in this atoll. One of ship lay on the sandy bottom on its star- the most accessible was the wreck of board side and was heavily colonized and capital of the southernmost the British Loyalty. This British navy ship with hard corals. Large black coral trees atoll. Located 45 miles below was torpedoed in March 1944 by the could be found at the stern, below the the equator, and 540km south German submarine U-183. The ship, propeller. It was also in this area where of Malé, this is the most remote dedicated to fuel transport, suffered we found the highest concentration of extensive damage but did not sink. It fish. This wreck was an entertaining dive, of the 26 atolls that, scattered was partially repaired and destined to an ideal way to start off our dive cruise. along almost 900km of the function as a floating “warehouse.” Indian Ocean, make up the Finally, in 1946, it was sunk at its current Mudakan: A manta point archipelago of the Maldives. location, just off Hithadhoo Island, and Another essential dive in Addu was has become a very popular dive. The Mudakan, one of the best-known manta This piece of land, with a very history of this shipwreck is not a coinci- cleaning stations in the area.
    [Show full text]
  • Population and Housing Census 2014
    MALDIVES POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS 2014 National Bureau of Statistics Ministry of Finance and Treasury Male’, Maldives 4 Population & Households: CENSUS 2014 © National Bureau of Statistics, 2015 Maldives - Population and Housing Census 2014 All rights of this work are reserved. No part may be printed or published without prior written permission from the publisher. Short excerpts from the publication may be reproduced for the purpose of research or review provided due acknowledgment is made. Published by: National Bureau of Statistics Ministry of Finance and Treasury Male’ 20379 Republic of Maldives Tel: 334 9 200 / 33 9 473 / 334 9 474 Fax: 332 7 351 e-mail: [email protected] www.statisticsmaldives.gov.mv Cover and Layout design by: Aminath Mushfiqa Ibrahim Cover Photo Credits: UNFPA MALDIVES Printed by: National Bureau of Statistics Male’, Republic of Maldives National Bureau of Statistics 5 FOREWORD The Population and Housing Census of Maldives is the largest national statistical exercise and provide the most comprehensive source of information on population and households. Maldives has been conducting censuses since 1911 with the first modern census conducted in 1977. Censuses were conducted every five years since between 1985 and 2000. The 2005 census was delayed to 2006 due to tsunami of 2004, leaving a gap of 8 years between the last two censuses. The 2014 marks the 29th census conducted in the Maldives. Census provides a benchmark data for all demographic, economic and social statistics in the country to the smallest geographic level. Such information is vital for planning and evidence based decision-making. Census also provides a rich source of data for monitoring national and international development goals and initiatives.
    [Show full text]
  • Updated Environment and Social Management Plan
    UPDATED ENVIRONMENT January 2020 AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF ISLAND WASTE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CENTRE (IWRMC) IN TH. KIBIDHOO PROPOSED BY: MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT PREPARED BY: HAMDHOON MOHAMED (EIA P03/2017) Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................ 6 List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................. 7 Consultants Declaration ................................................................................................................................ 9 Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 10 ާާސާލުޙާާާދާސ .................................................................................................................................................... 12 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 14 1.1 Aims and Objectives of the project ............................................................................................. 14 1.2 Current situation in solid waste management and project rationale ......................................... 14 1.3 Project Proponent ......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Kudahuvadhoo and Nilandhoo Collection Centers Have Been Officially Opened 3
    Maldives Inland Revenue Authority Volume: 5 MIRAmaldives Number: 11 Mira Maldives November 2017 MIRAPost miramaldives Kudahuvadhoo and Nilandhoo MIRAcollection collects centers a record have MVR been 2.2 billion officially2 opened u3 MIRA’s teams to visit atolls to assist If annual income is over MVR 20 million, taxpayers in preparing financial statements GST returns must be filed online 11 and BPT Return 3 Additional leeway given over GST charged MIRA warns over non-licensed tax agents on complementary bills u2 u6 2 MIRAPost November 2017 MIRA October collection totals to 983.5 million Mariyam Juwairiyya date for payment of this fee was during October. Senior Tax Officer, Policy, Planning and Statistics Including the revenue of October, MIRA’s revenue collections add up to an aggregate of MVR 12.89 During October 2017, MIRA collected MVR billion so far. 983.5 million, including 38.1 million in US dollar. Other revenue types that contributed a This is a 10.7% rise compared to that of October significant share in October’s collection includes 2016 and a 4% rise in the expected revenue. GST (MVR 539.6 million), BPT (MVR 78.5 This increase was mainly contributed by Tourism million), Green Tax (MVR 53.9 million) and Land Rent (MVR 128.5 million), as the due Airport Service Charge (MVR 45.5 million). Additional leeway given over GST charged on complementary bills services provided free of charge to directors, employees Fathimath Amaanee Khalid and related parties, as specified under section 54 of Senior Tax Officer, Policy, Technical Service the GST Regulation, are not subject to GST for a period of 72 hours.
    [Show full text]
  • National Geospatial Database for Maldives to Mainstream Climate Change Adaptation in Development Planning (ADB Brief No. 117)
    NO. 117 November 2019 ADB BRIEFS KEY POINTS National Geospatial Database for • The Republic of Maldives is one of the most biodiverse Maldives to Mainstream Climate countries in the world, yet it is among the most vulnerable Change Adaptation in Development to climate change. The country needs to ensure the Planning sustainable management of natural resources in spite of the impacts and consequences of climate Liping Zheng change. Advisor • The government’s Asian Development Bank environmental management and resource conservation National Consultant Team: efforts that began in the early 1990s have been constrained Ahmed Jameel Hussain Naeem by a lack of relevant data and Integrated Coastal Zone Coastal Ecosystems and Biodiversity information. Management Specialist Specialist • This brief presents the Faruhath Jameel Mahmood Riyaz development of a geospatial Geographic Information Systems database and maps to help Climate Change Risk Assessment Maldives (i) assess disaster Specialist and Team Leader Specialist risks and impacts; (ii) reduce these by strengthening the design of programs and policies; and (iii) mainstream BACKGROUND climate change adaptation in development planning. Maldives is a developing state composed of 26 natural atolls with about 1,192 small coral islands spread over roughly 90,000 square kilometers in the Indian Ocean. The country • A geospatial database is divided into 20 administrative regions, each with a local administrative authority on coastal and marine governed by the central government. With some of the world’s most beautiful beaches, ecosystems that includes Maldives has relied on high-end tourism to expand its economy over recent decades climate risk assessment and gained middle-income status with the highest per capita income in South Asia.1 information makes it feasible to screen for climate risks in Maldives is characterized by extremely low elevations and, as one of the most development projects and geographically dispersed countries in the world, it is among the most vulnerable to programs at national and climate change.
    [Show full text]
  • Six Senses Laamu, Maldives Six Senses Laamu Sits in Splendid Isolation As the Only Resort in This Southern Atoll
    Six Senses Laamu, Maldives Six Senses Laamu sits in splendid isolation as the only resort in this southern atoll. Powder white sand and turquoise water encircle the beautiful tropical island. Beautifully appointed eco-friendly villas are set on the beach or stilted above the lagoon. Six Senses Laamu has created the Maldives’ trendiest destination. – Conde Nast Traveller, UK – Hot List 2012 – The best organic fresh food, locally grown and caught – 97 villas offer absolute privacy, comfort and luxury – Six Senses Spa with a herbal stream and stunning yoga pavilion – Trendiest restaurant and bar scene in The Maldives ACCOMMODATIONS Six Senses Laamu has 97 accommodations which comprises Beach Villas and Water Villas - some with private pools, and Two-Bedroom Beach Villas with pool, The luxurious villas are innovatively styled and crafted from responsible materials. DINING LEAF sits high atop the organic garden, whilst Longitude is over water and serves international and Asian cuisine. Altitude is a glass tower-cum-wine cellar with tasting table and deli. Chill Lounge & Bar offers vibe and magical sunsets. SIX SENSES SPA Highly skilled Six Senses Spa therapists use fresh natural products in a comprehensive menu of award-winning treatments plus rejuvenation specialties of the region. LEISURE ACTIVITIES Glorious untouched beaches, water activities and a dive center for snorkeling and amazing dive excursions. Legendary surfing is only minutes away. Wonderful island picnics and line fishing where you can have your catch cooked for supper. HOW TO GET THERE From Male’ International Airport (MLE), it is a 35-minute flight over the Maldives archipelago to Kadhdhoo, then transfer to a resort boat for the 15-minute trip to Six Senses Laamu.
    [Show full text]
  • Table 2.3 : POPULATION by SEX and LOCALITY, 1985, 1990, 1995
    Table 2.3 : POPULATION BY SEX AND LOCALITY, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 , 2006 AND 2014 1985 1990 1995 2000 2006 20144_/ Locality Both Sexes Males Females Both Sexes Males Females Both Sexes Males Females Both Sexes Males Females Both Sexes Males Females Both Sexes Males Females Republic 180,088 93,482 86,606 213,215 109,336 103,879 244,814 124,622 120,192 270,101 137,200 132,901 298,968 151,459 147,509 324,920 158,842 166,078 Male' 45,874 25,897 19,977 55,130 30,150 24,980 62,519 33,506 29,013 74,069 38,559 35,510 103,693 51,992 51,701 129,381 64,443 64,938 Atolls 134,214 67,585 66,629 158,085 79,186 78,899 182,295 91,116 91,179 196,032 98,641 97,391 195,275 99,467 95,808 195,539 94,399 101,140 North Thiladhunmathi (HA) 9,899 4,759 5,140 12,031 5,773 6,258 13,676 6,525 7,151 14,161 6,637 7,524 13,495 6,311 7,184 12,939 5,876 7,063 Thuraakunu 360 185 175 425 230 195 449 220 229 412 190 222 347 150 197 393 181 212 Uligamu 236 127 109 281 143 138 379 214 165 326 156 170 267 119 148 367 170 197 Berinmadhoo 103 52 51 108 45 63 146 84 62 124 55 69 0 0 0 - - - Hathifushi 141 73 68 176 89 87 199 100 99 150 74 76 101 53 48 - - - Mulhadhoo 205 107 98 250 134 116 303 151 152 264 112 152 172 84 88 220 102 118 Hoarafushi 1,650 814 836 1,995 984 1,011 2,098 1,005 1,093 2,221 1,044 1,177 2,204 1,051 1,153 1,726 814 912 Ihavandhoo 1,181 582 599 1,540 762 778 1,860 913 947 2,062 965 1,097 2,447 1,209 1,238 2,461 1,181 1,280 Kelaa 920 440 480 1,094 548 546 1,225 590 635 1,196 583 613 1,200 527 673 1,037 454 583 Vashafaru 365 186 179 410 181 229 477 205 272
    [Show full text]
  • Coastal Adpatation Survey 2011
    Survey of Climate Change Adaptation Measures in Maldives Integration of Climate Change Risks into Resilient Island Planning in the Maldives Project January 2011 Prepared by Dr. Ahmed Shaig Ministry of Housing and Environment and United Nations Development Programme Survey of Climate Change Adaptation Measures in Maldives Integration of Climate Change Risks into Resilient Island Planning in the Maldives Project Draft Final Report Prepared by Dr Ahmed Shaig Prepared for Ministry of Housing and Environment January 2011 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 COASTAL ADAPTATION CONCEPTS 2 3 METHODOLOGY 3 3.1 Assessment Framework 3 3.1.1 Identifying potential survey islands 3 3.1.2 Designing Survey Instruments 8 3.1.3 Pre-testing the survey instruments 8 3.1.4 Implementing the survey 9 3.1.5 Analyzing survey results 9 3.1.6 Preparing a draft report and compendium with illustrations of examples of ‘soft’ measures 9 4 ADAPTATION MEASURES – HARD ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS 10 4.1 Introduction 10 4.2 Historical Perspective 10 4.3 Types of Hard Engineering Adaptation Measures 11 4.3.1 Erosion Mitigation Measures 14 4.3.2 Island Access Infrastructure 35 4.3.3 Rainfall Flooding Mitigation Measures 37 4.3.4 Measures to reduce land shortage and coastal flooding 39 4.4 Perception towards hard engineering Solutions 39 4.4.1 Resort Islands 39 4.4.2 Inhabited Islands 40 5 ADAPTATION MEASURES – SOFT ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS 41 5.1 Introduction 41 5.2 Historical Perspective 41 5.3 Types of Soft Engineering Adaptation Measures 42 5.3.1 Beach Replenishment 42 5.3.2 Temporary
    [Show full text]
  • List of MOE Approved Non-Profit Public Schools in the Maldives
    List of MOE approved non-profit public schools in the Maldives GS no Zone Atoll Island School Official Email GS78 North HA Kelaa Madhrasathul Sheikh Ibrahim - GS78 [email protected] GS39 North HA Utheem MadhrasathulGaazee Bandaarain Shaheed School Ali - GS39 [email protected] GS87 North HA Thakandhoo Thakurufuanu School - GS87 [email protected] GS85 North HA Filladhoo Madharusathul Sabaah - GS85 [email protected] GS08 North HA Dhidhdhoo Ha. Atoll Education Centre - GS08 [email protected] GS19 North HA Hoarafushi Ha. Atoll school - GS19 [email protected] GS79 North HA Ihavandhoo Ihavandhoo School - GS79 [email protected] GS76 North HA Baarah Baarashu School - GS76 [email protected] GS82 North HA Maarandhoo Maarandhoo School - GS82 [email protected] GS81 North HA Vashafaru Vasahfaru School - GS81 [email protected] GS84 North HA Molhadhoo Molhadhoo School - GS84 [email protected] GS83 North HA Muraidhoo Muraidhoo School - GS83 [email protected] GS86 North HA Thurakunu Thuraakunu School - GS86 [email protected] GS80 North HA Uligam Uligamu School - GS80 [email protected] GS72 North HDH Kulhudhuffushi Afeefudin School - GS72 [email protected] GS53 North HDH Kulhudhuffushi Jalaaludin school - GS53 [email protected] GS02 North HDH Kulhudhuffushi Hdh.Atoll Education Centre - GS02 [email protected] GS20 North HDH Vaikaradhoo Hdh.Atoll School - GS20 [email protected] GS60 North HDH Hanimaadhoo Hanimaadhoo School - GS60
    [Show full text]
  • What Is Shaping Vulnerability to Climate Change? the Case of Laamu Atoll, Maldives
    Island Studies Journal, 14(1), 2019, 81-100 What is shaping vulnerability to climate change? The case of Laamu Atoll, Maldives Karen E. McNamara The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia [email protected] Rachel Clissold The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia [email protected] Annah Piggott-McKellar The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia [email protected] Lisa Buggy The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia [email protected] Aishath Azfa United Nations Development Programme, Malé, Maldives [email protected] Abstract: As climate change accelerates, it brings with it numerous challenges to society and the natural world. Concepts such as vulnerability have emerged as a way of trying to understand people’s risk, despite there being a range of variables that can influence vulnerability and its temporal and spatial dimensions. Drawing from the well-known conceptualisation of vulnerability as a function of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, this paper seeks to understand what variables are influencing and shaping vulnerability in Laamu Atoll, the Maldives, and produce a base of knowledge for future vulnerability reduction initiatives. Household questionnaires (n=412) were used on Laamu Atoll to ascertain locals’ perceptions of vulnerability based on livelihood resources, financial security, and climate-change experiences. Results show that peripherality, as a notion that describes the disparities between ‘core’ and ‘peripheral’ islands, is a key factor shaping vulnerability variables on Laamu Atoll. This has prompted an overarching recommendation for peripherality to be considered as a key dimension of vulnerability to climate change and an important consideration for existing and future human development and climate change policy and practice in Small Island Developing States.
    [Show full text]
  • Cowry Shell Money and Monsoon Trade: the Maldives in Past Globalizations
    Cowry Shell Money and Monsoon Trade: The Maldives in Past Globalizations Mirani Litster Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The Australian National University 2016 To the best of my knowledge the research presented in this thesis is my own except where the work of others has been acknowledged. This thesis has not previously been submitted in any form for any other degree at this or any other university. Mirani Litster -CONTENTS- Contents Abstract xv Acknowledgements xvi Chapter One — Introduction and Scope 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 An Early Global Commodity: Cowry Shell Money 4 1.2.1 Extraction in the Maldives 6 1.2.2 China 8 1.2.3 India 9 1.2.4 Mainland Southeast Asia 9 1.2.5 West and East Africa 10 1.3 Previous Perspectives and Frameworks: The Indian Ocean 11 and Early Globalization 1.4 Research Aims 13 1.5 Research Background and Methodology 15 1.6 Thesis Structure 16 Chapter Two — Past Globalizations: Defining Concepts and 18 Theories 2.1 Introduction 18 2.2 Defining Globalization 19 2.3 Theories of Globalization 21 2.3.1 World Systems Theory 21 2.3.2 Theories of Global Capitalism 24 2.3.3 The Network Society 25 2.3.4 Transnationality and Transnationalism 26 2.3.5 Cultural Theories of Globalization 26 2.4 Past Globalizations and Archaeology 27 2.4.1 Globalization in the Past: Varied Approaches 28 i -CONTENTS- 2.4.2 Identifying Past Globalizations in the Archaeological 30 Record 2.5 Summary 32 Chapter Three — Periods of Indian Ocean Interaction 33 3.1 Introduction 33 3.2 Defining the Physical Parameters 34 3.2.1
    [Show full text]