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Neuron Teacher Key 5-17-16 ...where molecules become real TM Teacher Key Big Idea Different types of neurons compose the nervous tissue that forms the communication system within the body. Introduction to Neurons An individual’s survival and reproductive success depends upon the ability to sense, respond and adapt appropriately to changes in the environment. The nervous system links sensation to response. Nerve cells (neurons) in the nervous system are the structural units principally used in transmitting information. Many different types of neurons with specialized structures enable them to conduct messages effectively from one part of the body to another. Modeling Neurons and Neuronal Structures 1. Draw your mental image of a neuron in the space below. (Various.) Copyright 3D Molecular Designs 3dmoleculardesigns.com Teacher Key - Page 1 All Rights Reserved - 2016 ...where molecules become real TM Teacher Key 2. What are two characteristics that distinguish nerve cells from other cells? _______________________________________________________________________Nerve cells are unique in that they transmit signals and utilize chemical communication. 3. What is the difference between a nerve cell and a nerve? _______________________________________________________________________A nerve cell is a specialized excitable cell for the transmission of electrical signals over long distances while a nerve is a fiber composed of a bundle of axons of nerve _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________cells. 4. Label these major parts of the large neuron model: dendrites, axon, soma/cell body, nucleus, myelin sheath, Schwann cell, axon hillock, synaptic knob. Synaptic Knob Axon Hillock Dendrites Axon Soma / Cell Body Nucleus Schwann Cell Myelin Sheath Nucleus 5. With an arrow, indicate the direction of the movement of information through the above nerve cell. (Noted in red on the diagram above.) Copyright 3D Molecular Designs 3dmoleculardesigns.com Teacher Key - Page 2 All Rights Reserved - 2016 ...where molecules become real TM Teacher Key 6. Sketch and identify the types of neurons modeled in the Neuron Modeling Set© in the space below. Bipolar Unipolar Multipolar Interneuron Copyright 3D Molecular Designs 3dmoleculardesigns.com Teacher Key - Page 3 All Rights Reserved - 2016 ...where molecules become real TM Teacher Key 7. Where are these neurons found in the body? How do they function? Complete the chart below. Type of Neuron Based on Location Functional Class Abundance Structure most abundant/ multipolar PNS/CNS motor/efferent major CNS neuron special sense bipolar most sensory rare organs commonly found unipolar chiefly PNS most sensory in spinal cord and cranial nerves Conducts impulses most abundant interneuron CNS from afferent to (over 100 billion) motor neurons Copyright 3D Molecular Designs 3dmoleculardesigns.com Teacher Key - Page 4 All Rights Reserved - 2016 ...where molecules become real TM Teacher Key 8. Identify the function of each of the following: motor neuron - _________________________________________________a nerve cell that transmits signals from the brain or spinal _________________________________________________cords (CNS) to muscels or glands interneuron - _________________________________________________a nerve cell within the CNS that forms synapses with _________________________________________________sensory and/or motor neurons and integrates sensory _________________________________________________input and motor output sensory neuron - _________________________________________________a nerve cell that receives information from internal or external _________________________________________________environments and transmits signals to the CNS 9. What is the myelin sheath? _______________________________________________________________________The myelin sheath is a coat of cell membranes from Schwann cells or _______________________________________________________________________oligodendrocytes that are wrapped around the axon of a neuron. 10. What is the function of myelin sheath? _______________________________________________________________________The membranes of the cells forming the myelin sheath are composed mostly of lipids, _______________________________________________________________________which are poor conductors of electrical current and provide good insulation. 11. Label the neuron, oligodendrocyte, and Schwann cell. Neuron Oligodendrocyte Schwann Cell Neuron Peripheral Nervous System Central Nervous System Copyright 3D Molecular Designs 3dmoleculardesigns.com Teacher Key - Page 5 All Rights Reserved - 2016 ...where molecules become real TM Teacher Key 12. Is the large neuron model a part of the PNS or the CNS? How do you know? _______________________________________________________________________The neuron is part of the PNS because the myelin sheath is composed from Schwann _______________________________________________________________________cells instead of oligodendrocytes. 13. What is a synapse? Identify where synapse junctions may occur in the body. _______________________________________________________________________A synapse is the junction where a neuron communicates with another cell across a _______________________________________________________________________narrow gap. a nerve cell that receives information from internal or external 14. Identify where synapse junctions may occur in the body. environments and transmits signals to the CNS ________________________________________________________________________Synapses may occur between nerve cells, between a nerve cell and a muscle cell or ________________________________________________________________________between a nerve cell and glandular cell. Neuronal Neuro- muscular Neuro- glandular Copyright 3D Molecular Designs 3dmoleculardesigns.com Teacher Key - Page 6 All Rights Reserved - 2016 ...where molecules become real TM Teacher Key 15. To illustrate the structural diversity among neurons, identify the types of synapses shown in the diagram to below (axodendritic, axoaxonic, axosomatic). Using the neurons in the kit, model each of these synapse types. Axodendritic Axoaxonic Axosomatic Copyright 3D Molecular Designs 3dmoleculardesigns.com Teacher Key - Page 7 All Rights Reserved - 2016.
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