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MASTER THESIS Information Management in The Die approbierte Originalversion dieser Diplom-/ Masterarbeit ist in der Hauptbibliothek der Tech- nischen Universität Wien aufgestellt und zugänglich. http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at The approved original version of this diploma or MASTER THESIS master thesis is available at the main library of the Vienna University of Technology. http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at/eng Information management in the BIM-Process, from the planning and construction phase to the facility management submitted in satisfaction of the requirement of the degree of Diplom-Ingenieur of the Vienna University of Technology of Civil Engineering ________________________________________________________ DIPLOMARBEIT Informationsmanagement im BIM-Prozess von der Planung, über den Baubetrieb bis zum Facility Management ausgeführt zum Zwecke der Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Diplom-Ingenieurs eingereicht an der Technischen Universität Wien Fakultät für Bauingenieurwesen von Andreas KERN, BSc. Matr.Nr.: 12256541 unter der Anleitung von Univ.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.techn. Gerald GOGER Univ.Ass. Dipl.-Ing.in Melanie PISKERNIK E 234-1 Institut für Interdisziplinäres Bauprozessmanagement Forschungsbereich Baubetrieb und Bauverfahrenstechnik Technische Universität Wien Karlsplatz 13/234-1, A-1040 Wien Wien, März 2019 Andreas Kern KURZFASSUNG Schlagwörter: BIM; Informationsmanagement; Merkmale; IFC; BCF; Merkmalserver; AIA; BAP; BIM-Software; BIM-Rollen; Fachmodelle; Projektphasen; BIM-Prozessablauf Sowohl in neuer Literatur, als auch auf zahlreichen facheinschlägigen Veranstaltungen wird das Thema Building Information Modelling (BIM) als Antwort der Bauindustrie auf die Heraus- forderungen der Digitalisierung angepriesen. Um zukünftig die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette von Bauprojekten digital abbilden zu können, braucht es in einem digitalen Gebäudemodell große Mengen an Daten. Diese beinhalten neben den Gebäudeelementen auch die dazuge- hörigen alphanumerischen Informationen und Prozessdefinitionen. In dieser Arbeit wird das Thema des Informationsmanagements in allen Projektphasen eines BIM-Projektes näher be- trachtet. Dafür werden zunächst die wichtigsten theoretischen Grundlagen der BIM-Methode erläutert und die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen beschrieben. Da es in aktuellen Bauprojekten zu verschiedensten Zusammensetzungen an Projektbeteiligten kommt, ist die in einem Projekt verwendete Software sehr vielfältig. Aus diesem Grund liegt der Fokus dieser Arbeit auf der Arbeitsweise „open BIM“, welche softwareunabhängige Standards und Dateiformate zum Da- tenaustausch voraussetzt. Im Detail betrachtet wird dabei der internationale IFC-Standard. Sowohl der generelle Aufbau des Standards und der aktuelle Stand der Entwicklungen, als auch die zukünftigen Möglich- keiten mit IFC-Dateien werden beschrieben. Als Ergänzung zum IFC-Standard werden neue Möglichkeiten der Projektkommunikation mit BIM, der österreichische Merkmalserver und die Einbindung der vorhandenen Standards in aktuelle Software erläutert. Die Betriebsphase ist die mit Abstand längste im Lebenszyklus eines Gebäudes, weshalb aus dem Betrieb spezielle Anforderungen an BIM-Modelle gestellt werden. Diese werden in Kom- bination mit den aktuell im Facility Management vorhandenen Datenstrukturen dargelegt. Auf Basis der vorhandenen Standards und den Anforderungen aus dem Betrieb wird der BIM- Prozess in den einzelnen Projektphasen detailliert beschrieben. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf den neuen Aufgaben der Projektbeteiligten, die durch die neue BIM-Arbeitsweise entstehen. Dafür werden ein beispielhaftes BIM-Projektorganigramm und die Entwicklung der Datenmodelle de- finiert. Diese Arbeit dient als Grundlageninformation um aktuelle Entwicklungen der BIM-Standards objektiv zu beurteilen. Gleichermaßen können die Ergebnisse der Arbeit als Basis für die Er- stellung von projekt- oder unternehmensinternen Standards für das Informationsmanagement im BIM-Prozess verwendet werden. III ABSTRACT Keywords: BIM; information management; properties; IFC; BCF; IDM; BEP; BIM software; BIM roles; sub models; project phases; BIM process flow The topic of Building Information Modelling (BIM) as the answer of the construction industry to the challenges of digitization is being praised both in new literature and at numerous events of the building industry. In order to be able to digitally map the entire value-creation chain of construction projects in the future, a large amount of data is required to describe the building elements and associated processes of a digital building model. In this thesis, the topic of information management in all project phases of a BIM project is considered in detail. First, the most important theoretical foundations of the BIM method are explained, and the legal framework is described. Due to the fact that project partners are in- volved in a wide variety of compositions in current construction projects, the software used in a project is also very diverse. For this reason, the focus of this work is on the "open BIM" method, which requires software-independent standards and file formats for data exchange. In this thesis the international IFC standard is considered in detail. The general structure of the standard, the current state of development, as well as future possibilities with IFC files are described. In addition to the IFC standard, new possibilities of project communication with BIM, the Austrian “Merkmalserver” and the integration of existing standards into current software are explained. The operating phase is by far the longest in the lifecycle of a building, so the Facility Manage- ment demands special information in BIM models. These are presented in combination with the currently available data structures in Facility Management. Based on the existing standards and the requirements from the operation, the BIM process is finally presented in detail in the individual project phases. The focus is on the new tasks of the project participants, which are created by the new BIM working method. For this an exemplary BIM project organization chart and the development of the data models are defined. This thesis serves as basic information to objectively assess current developments of BIM standards. Similarly, the results of the thesis can be used as the basis for the creation of project or company standards for information management in the BIM process. V Inhaltsverzeichnis KURZFASSUNG III ABSTRACT V INHALTSVERZEICHNIS VII 1 EINLEITUNG 1 1.1 MOTIVATION 1 1.2 FORSCHUNGSFRAGEN UND METHODIK 2 1.2.1 FORSCHUNGSFRAGEN 2 1.2.2 METHODIK 2 1.3 BEGRIFFSBESTIMMUNGEN 3 1.4 ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNIS 5 2 GRUNDLAGEN 7 2.1 BEDEUTUNG UND DEFINITION VON INFORMATIONEN IM BIM-PROZESS 7 2.2 ARTEN VON BIM 9 2.2.1 LITTLE/BIG UND OPEN/CLOSED BIM 9 2.2.2 DIMENSIONEN VON BIM 11 2.2.3 BIM-LEVELS 12 2.3 ÖSTERREICHISCHE NORMEN, RICHTLINIEN UND INTERNATIONALE STANDARDS 13 2.3.1 ÖNORM 6241 14 2.3.2 ÖNORM EN ISO 29481 15 2.3.3 ÖNORM EN ISO 19650 17 2.3.4 ÖNORM EN ISO 16739 17 2.3.5 RICHTLINIE DER EUROPÄISCHEN UNION: 2014/24/EU 17 2.4 PROJEKTPHASEN 18 2.5 BIM-PROJEKTBETEILIGTE 21 2.6 AUFTRAGGEBER-INFORMATIONS-ANFORDERUNGEN (AIA) UND BIM- ABWICKLUNGSPLAN (BAP) 24 2.7 FACHMODELLE UND KOORDINATION 26 2.7.1 KOORDINATIONSMODELL 27 2.7.2 ARCHITEKTURMODELL 28 VII 2.7.3 TRAGWERKSMODELL 29 2.7.4 TGA-MODELL 30 2.7.5 BAUPHYSIKMODELL 30 2.7.6 MODELLNAMEN NACH PROJEKTPHASEN 30 2.8 LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT (LOD) 31 2.8.1 LEVEL OF GEOMETRY (LOG) 32 2.8.2 LEVEL OF INFORMATION (LOI) 33 2.8.3 LEVEL OF COORDINATION (LOC) 33 2.9 BIM-SOFTWAREÜBERSICHT 34 2.9.1 BIM-MODELLIERUNGSSOFTWARE 34 2.9.2 BIM-DATENVERARBEITUNGSSOFTWARE 36 2.9.3 BIM-KOLLABORATIONSPLATTFORMEN 37 3 RECHTLICHE RAHMENBEDINGUNGEN FÜR BIM 39 3.1 BIM UND VERGABERECHT 40 3.2 VERGABESTRATEGIE 42 4 ANALYSE AKTUELLER STANDARDISIERUNGEN 45 4.1 IFC-SCHEMA 48 4.1.1 AUFBAU UND MÖGLICHKEITEN EINER IFC-DATEI ANHAND EINES BEISPIELS 55 4.1.2 MODELVIEW DEFINITION (MVD) 76 4.2 KOORDINATION VON INFORMATIONEN MIT BCF-DATEIEN 81 4.3 AUSTRIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTE – MERKMALSERVER (ASI-MMS) 91 4.3.1 ENTWICKLUNG UND KONZEPT 91 4.3.2 STRUKTUR UND FUNKTION 94 4.3.3 ANALYSE VON INHALT UND FUNKTION DES MMS 96 4.4 IMPLEMENTIERUNG DER STANDARDS IN AKTUELLER SOFTWARE 101 4.4.1 IFC ZERTIFIZIERTE SOFTWARE 101 4.4.2 IMPLEMENTIERUNG DES MERKMALSERVERS 104 5 BIM-ANFORDERUNGEN AUS DEM BETRIEB 109 5.1 AUFGABEN UND NUTZEN DES FACILITY MANAGEMENT 109 5.2 BIM-ZERTIFIZIERTE CAFM-PROGRAMME 113 VIII 5.3 STANDARDISIERTER DATENAUSTAUSCH BIM-FM MIT COBIE 114 5.4 INFORMATIONS-AUSTAUSCH-ANFORDERUNGEN (EIR) BIM-COBIE-FM 117 5.5 KLASSIFIZIERUNG VON ELEMENTEN IM FM 122 5.5.1 ANMERKUNG ZUR VERWENDUNG DES AKS IN BIM-PROJEKTEN 127 6 BIM-PROZESSABLAUF IN DEN PROJEKTPHASEN 128 6.1 BIM-PROJEKTORGANIGRAMM 128 6.2 ENTWICKLUNG DER BIM-MODELLE 130 6.2.1 MODELLENTWICKLUNGSGRADE 132 6.3 ERKLÄRUNG DES PROJEKTABLAUFS IN DEN PROJEKTPHASEN 135 6.3.1 PHASE 0: PROJEKTINITIATIVE 135 6.3.2 PHASE 1: PROJEKTINITIIERUNG 136 6.3.3 PHASE 2: PLANUNG 137 6.3.4 PHASE 3: VERGABE 143 6.3.5 PHASE 4: AUSFÜHRUNG 143 6.3.6 PHASE 5: NUTZUNG, CAFM 145 6.3.7 PHASE 6: ENDVERWENDUNG 146 7 FORSCHUNGSERGEBNISSE 147 7.1 BEANTWORTUNG DER FORSCHUNGSFRAGEN 147 7.1.1 FRAGE 1 147 7.1.2 FRAGE 2 148 7.1.3 FRAGE 3 149 7.1.4 FRAGE 4 150 7.2 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG UND AUSBLICK 150 8 VERZEICHNISSE 153 8.1 LITERATURVERZEICHNIS 153 8.1.1 BÜCHER UND ZEITSCHRIFTEN 153 8.1.2 NORMEN, RICHTLINIEN UND GESETZE 154 8.1.3 ONLINE-QUELLEN 156 8.2 ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS 162 8.3 TABELLENVERZEICHNIS 163 IX 9 ANHANG 164 9.1 INTERVIEWS 164 9.1.1 INTERVIEW ÜBER DEN ASI-MMS 164 9.1.2 INTERVIEW ÜBER FM-DATENMANAGEMENT 171 9.2 IFC-MERKMALLISTEN
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