CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL

TICKTON

EAST RIDING OF COUNCIL

DESIGNATED

FEBRUARY 2009

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TICKTON

CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL

INTRODUCTION The Local Situation

The National Situation The possibility of designating a Conservation Area in Tickton s first The concept of Conservation Areas was considered in the early 1990’s by the established just over 40 years ago in the officers of Borough Council, Civic Amenities Act of 1967. but it was not until 2005 that the East Riding Council included it in a list of The Town & Country Planning Act settlements on which work could begin. 1990 defines a Conservation Area as “an area of special architectural or This was discussed with the Parish historical interest the character or Council early in 2008, following which appearance of which it is desirable to they confirmed that it was a suggestion preserve or enhance”. which they would support, and they gave their formal support for work to be For the designation of Conservation undertaken to that end. Areas to be effective, it is important that rational and consistent judgements are made in determining their special qualities and local distinctiveness, as well as their value to the local community. Such judgements should be based on a thorough understanding of the area in its wider context, reached through a detailed appraisal of its character and appearance.

The purpose behind Conservation Area Main Street (looking east) designation is not to prevent any further This appraisal of the character and change; rather it is to ensure that appearance of Tickton and the map whatever change does occur is carefully attached is the result of that decision managed. and has been undertaken in accordance with “Guidance on Conservation Areas” In the past 40 years, in , local issued by English Heritage in August authorities have designated approxi- 2005 in order to meet the current mately 9500 Conservation Areas. requirements of national government for such designations.

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The proposed Conservation Area in Tickton has some 40 houses but no a) Topography and its listed buildings. The two listed Relevance buildings which are in the village are detailed under Section k). To the west of the proposed Tickton Conservation Area lies the ‘ If a Conservation Area is made at Corridor’ Character Area, as identified Tickton, it would join a further 93 in the Conservation Areas in the East Riding Landscape Character Assessment which have that status, (as at July 2008). (ERYC 2005). This describes the area as being defined by regular field patterns, THE CHARACTER AND generally delineated by boundaries consisting of drains and hedgerows, with APPEARANCE OF THE a few trees present. The area is CONSERVATION AREA AT dominated by low-lying arable land TICKTON which is susceptible to flooding incidents and poor drainage. This document identifies the special architectural and historic interest of the Flood defence work and improved character and appearance of Tickton. It drainage systems have enabled the indicates how this should be preserved majority of this land to be intensively and enhanced and will be useful to cultivated. As the river corridor moves potential developers, residents and south of Beverley, the landscape businesses and to the Council in the becomes increasingly influenced by making of Development Control more urban characteristics, for example decisions and environmental impro- the views of high-rise flats to the north vements. of Hull and development associated with the horticultural industry.

DEFINITION OF This landscape contains important areas of semi-natural habitats including chalk TICKTON'S SPECIAL stream headwaters, remnant swamp and INTEREST alder/willow carr. The headwaters of the River Hull are a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), due to its importance as The special character of the proposed the most northerly chalk stream system Tickton Conservation Area makes a in Britain. These headwaters support unique contribution to the Beverley area many associated habitat types including and its heritage. reed swamp, fen, carr and floodplain grassland. Reed swamp is present along th This is in part due to its number of 18 – the majority of the western bank of the th 19 century single storey cottages set on river between and either side of the Main Street. Hempholme Lock, and this habitat is dominated by species such as reed sweet It is strongly linear and also has a very grass, reed canary grass and common positive, almost urban, historic single street reed mace. plan -form, the breadth of which ensures that its presence is felt throughout the village. Other sites of interest include Pulfin Bog which provides an example of seasonally flooded spring-fed reed

3 swamp and Top Hill Low Nature b) The Natural Environment Reserve which provides examples of open-water, marsh and lagoon habitats. Tickton lies about 2 miles east of Being a relatively tranquil and attractive Beverley and (now) to the south of the area, the river corridor is popular with a A1035, which prior to its relocation as a range of visitor types which directly bypass, ran though the village from east influences the character of this to west. landscape. Recreational activity is facilitated in a range of ways including It comes within Natural England’s use of the river, of riverside public rights designated Natural Area of . of way and at several publicly accessible nature reserves. Any remnant rural hedgerows that lie within the proposed Conservation Area To the east of the proposed Tickton to the east of the Playing Field and to Conservation Area lies the ‘Central the west of Tickton Church of England Holderness Open Farmland’ Character School would be considered as being Area. This is identified as being one ‘ancient’ under the 1997 Hedgerow dominated by the influence of Regulations as they predate the agricultural intensification within the Enclosure Awards. The Enclosure River Hull floodplain and that, as is Award for Tickton, held in the Beverley typical of much of Holderness, Archives reads: “Tickton Carr or significant areas of woodland are scarce. Common in the County of York was enclosed by me, John Wood – the Those areas of semi-natural woodland fourth day of June, 1791.” One such that are present in this landscape are hedgerow lies between Nos.87 & 89 dominated by ash, oak, hazel, hawthorn, Main Street and is extremely valuable as elm, field maple and rowan. Fragments a wildlife corridor. Additionally the of wet woodland are also features of this brown earth in its base will be of a landscape and these are dominated by consistency undisturbed for centuries alder and willow species. The fragment and containing a rare microrisal of ancient woodland at Bail Wood near association. Aldbrough provides an insight into the type of woodland that would have been more widespread throughout this landscape area historically.

Hedges in the area are typical of Holderness and are dominated by hawthorn, with hazel, ash, blackthorn, elder, field maple and dogwood also present. This landscape also includes isolated concentrations of unimproved neutral grassland, which is otherwise Tickton Farmhouse scarce in this area. Low-lying and In the front of St.Paul’s churchyard seasonally flooded meadows are present, stand, on either side of the gateway two some of which are maintained by excellent mature trees – a Horse traditional management regimes, and Chestnut to the east and a Lime to the these can host species of botanical west. interest such as common meadow rue and various types of sedge and rush.

4 The old orchard and mature rear The old churchyard, whilst small, has a gardens in the north east corner of good proportion of its grass maintained as wild areas which benefit wild flowers, Tickton, covered by the smaller Conservation Area adjacent to the including bluebells, moth-friendly nettles, white dead-nettle, red dead- Almshouses and the New Inn provide a nettle and common vetch. The valuable wildlife habitat which links the churchyard has a number of hawthorn, north of the village to the to the ash, yew, laurel and ancient pollarded surrounding countryside. An overgrown cherry trees. The new section of shack on Main Street close to the graveyard is tidier and as a result less eastern entrance into the village biodiverse; however there is an effective provides an inter-village habitat for hawthorn, cherry and silver birch small mammals and birds. Another site- avenue, typical of other such extensions specific habitat is the ivy of 50 Main in the East Riding. Street, which is awash with house sparrows. Separating St.Paul’s church property (to the east is Tickton Playing Field,) is a If Tickton is to be remembered for one mature hawthorn hedgerow. This specific tree type, it would be the Horse magnificent hedgerow, though not one Chestnut, of which there are a number of the ancient enclosure hedgerows of excellent examples within the referred to above, contains beech, holly proposed Conservation Area. and elder. The roadside frontage of the c) Tree Preservation Orders playing field has recently been planted up with a hawthorn hedge. This proactive planting will eventually There are two Tree Preservation Orders provide a green screen, of visual amenity (TPO’s) within the proposed to the proposed Conservation Area. The Conservation Area, and two relatively playing field as a whole is made up of close outside it. They are: manicured amenity grassland, not particularly biodiverse; however an Tickton No.3 dated 2001 covering trees interesting copper maple stands in the at Tickton Farm north west corner of the playing field and blackbirds and wrens frequent its Tickton No.4 dated 2004 covering trees branches. at 70 Main Street

Carr Lane is a lush ancient lane flanked which are within the Conservation Area. on either side by fragments of ancient hedgerow. However in some sections Close by are: TPO (Tickton) 1993 the native hedgerow has been replaced covering trees at Tickton Grange, and by Leylandii, beech and privet, and in TPO (Tickton) 1994, covering trees on other parts the hedgerow has been the site of The Poplars, Main Street. removed entirely to make way for driveways into new properties. There are d) Open Spaces a number of modern developments

which have in-filled green spaces within Tickton is such a linear village that open the proposed Conservation Area. These include Hall Farm Court and The spaces do not as such have a great Orchard both of which are located impact on the street scene. They do, however, exist, most notably the playing within the ancient field system, which in some cases has led to a net loss of field behind the Village Hall, and the field belonging to the C of E Primary valuable hedgerow.

5 School. If these did not exist, or were g) Archaeology built on, it would have a significant and detrimental impact on the village, which The earliest human activity would would then lose much of the relaxed probably have been represented by landscape which they provide. Mesolithic hunter-gatherer groups, but the earliest known finds so far recorded e) Boundary Treatment have been of Neolithic date: A polished flint axe, two stone axes, and In the core of the village, many of the a perforated stone mace-head (several of buildings are at back-of-pavement edge which were found within the village which results in there being no separate itself). boundary treatment at all. Others have pockets of planting immediately adjacent Early Bronze Age activity in and around to the building, and these are valuable in the village is attested by a collection of softening what would otherwise be an waste flint flakes (in a private collection), unabatingly hard streetscape. Where and two possible round barrows. A late buildings are set back, walls are the usual Bronze Age socketed axe was recovered option, there being very few hedges from Low Farm. until one moves further away from the centre, (where they then become the Of uncertain date is a record in the dominant boundary treatment). Beverley Town Cartulary (for the 1240’s) of the discovery on Eske Moor f) Origins and Evolution of “nine metal bowls and pots”. This is an intriguing reference which ranks as Tickton is sited on a natural east-west one of the earliest records of route across the middle part of the Hull archaeological finds in East Yorkshire. Valley, about 1km to the east of the It is possible the vessels described were River Hull and about 4km to the north- late Bronze Age cauldrons, but they east of Beverley. The village likes on a could equally have been of Roman or slightly raised ridge of sand and gravel, even Saxon date. occupying the northern half of the township, and this ridge has long The crop mark of a possible square afforded a route eastwards through barrow is visible on aerial photographs Routh and White Cross to many of the of the area around High Eske, and may settlements of the middle and northern represent Iron Age funerary activity parts of the Holderness Plain. within the Parish. Part of a bee-hive Consequently it is hardly surprising that quern, and an occupation site near evidence of regular traffic through this , could date either from the end of landscape during much of the last the Iron Age or from the ensuing 10,000 years has been recovered from Romano-British period. Similarly, crop the Parish. marks of an oval enclosure and various rectangular enclosures may also date to these periods. The place-name Tickton is of Anglian origin, and means either “Tica’s Farm”, There was clearly a Roman settlement or “kid farm”. The extent of any Saxon site in the northern part of the parish as settlement is unknown with no finds a coin of Severus and 4 th century pottery recorded from the village. have been recovered near High Eske Farm.

6 The earliest mention of the village in Shortly after 1850 the village was medieval times is in the Domesday expanded by the construction of New Book of 1086, which records that one Tickton – a development of about 10 carucate and four bovates of land at houses, as a discrete new settlement Tichetone were held by St. John’s College along the road to the east of the village (at Beverley) as a berewick of the and the growing population and Archbishop of York’s Manor of therefore importance of the village is Beverley. The entries record that there reflected in the building of a Church in was land for six oxen, and that three 1843; previous to this the only other villagers had half a plough here. During religious building had been a small the course of the next two and a half Wesleyan Methodist Chapel erected in centuries almost all of this holding 1828 although a Meeting House had passed back from the College to the been in use since 1818. A new larger Arch bishop; hence by 1346 the Methodist Chapel was built in 1877 with Archbishop held here one carucate and the former building becoming first a two bovates. Tickton was also one of Sunday School and then a Reading the ‘water towns’ surrounding Beverley Room. – an apt description, given its wetland location and during the post medieval period it formed part of the Manor of Beverley Water Towns.

In the Lay Subsidy, Tykton was assessed in the top quartile of the 80 returns from Holderness. Although in 1377 58 people paid the Poll Tax at Tickton and Weel, there were only 11 houses assessed for the Hearth Tax in 1672. In 1801 the population of the entire Tickton Methodist Church (1877) township was assessed at 134, but this The first recorded public house in the then fell to 110 in 1821 and 1831. village was the New Inn at New Thereafter the population has steadily Tickton, built by 1861, but its name may grown and stood at 1586 in just over suggest that there had previously been at 600 households in 2001 – which figure least one other. A beer-house, called the includes Weel. Board, stood in the old village in 1892, but was closed in circa. 1905. The earliest detailed depiction of the village is on the Enclosure Map of 1664 The earliest recorded school in Tickton which shows closely spaced houses lying was built in 1832 and by 1833 held 20 either side of the main street. The girls and 10 boys. A National School Jeffreys Map of 1775 shows a fairly was built in 1847 and in 1871 there were similar pattern but with a few farm 52 children being taught there. Between buildings now set at right angles to the 1906 and 1938 there were usually street and extending backwards from it. between 65 and 85 children in There appears to have been increasing attendance, after which senior pupils development at Hull Bridge, and clearly were transferred to Molescroft County part of the village’s importance was the Secondary School and by which date the fact that here lay the only bridge over former village hall was also being used the River Hull between Kingston Upon by the school. A new school was built Hull and North Frodingham. in 1971.

7 A site in New Tickton was granted in Victorian, they are usually not of great trust for almshouses in 1871, and in the height. following year five almshouses were built and occupied rent free. ii) Orientation

Fishing and fowling have long been The character of properties in Tickton is practised in the wetlands of Holderness that they face and are square on to the and there are many references to street. medieval weirs and fishing rights within the parish. The nearby River Hull also iii) Materials led to the establishment of a number of commercial traders and a wharf here in As is to be expected, the properties in the 18 th century. There was also at least the Conservation Area are built from one maltster and both coal and seed materials that would have been available merchants. Other sources of locally at the time, as only in the case of employment include salt making, brick high cost or high status buildings were making, chicory drying, haulage materials transported over long contracting and (more recently) light distances. engineering. It is significant therefore that only the h) Layout and Disposition church is in stone ashlar. And that this material was also used for the boundary The plan of Tickton today shows a huge wall at the front. change from earlier times. This is a result of the need for additional housing iv) Walls over the last 60 years. This has resulted in the village’s historic core (and Most houses are of clamp brick and of therefore the proposed Conservation the red-brown colour which is usually Area) being confined to a small area in found in the Beverley area. The impact the centre of the village and a small of this, however, is sometimes concealed additional area at its east end. due to the fact that there are a number of painted or rendered and painted The character of Tickton has also been properties, which brings variety to the much altered by the provision of the street scene. Grey brick has been used new bypass and the new bridge over the to effect on Tickton Farm and adjacent Drain and the River Hull buildings, and the barn at the rear is a deliberate reflection of the farmhouse. j) Buildings This is, however, an exception to the general rule. There are around thirty dwellings within the proposed Conservation Areas, along v) Roofs & Guttering with their curtilage buildings. Clay pan tiles are the dominant roofing material in the village. There are some i) Scale Welsh slate properties – most notably Tickton Farm and the use of this can All of the Conservation Area properties bear evidence of a later date as slates are either of single, one-and-a-half or from Wales only became generally two stories. Because so many of the available following the advent of the Conservation Area properties are pre- railways which made their transportation more practical. The more modern

8 properties provide examples of concrete storey properties did not have fireplaces tiles and it is to be hoped that their at first floor level, the stacks tended to colour remains – unlike earlier examples be less broad and the pots less in of this roof covering. number. Many stacks include corbelling and most pots are of a good height and Several of the gabled buildings ridge-mounted. Excellent new incorporate tumbling (brickwork on chimneystacks and pots have been end) on their gables – this is believed to included on the new property which has be a detailing which goes back to the replaced No.62 Main Street. time when such buildings would have been thatched. k) Historic Buildings

The Parish was last reviewed for listing purposes in 1987. Its listed buildings are:

Tickton Grange (Grade II) Hull Bridge Mills (Grade II)

Listing means that they are nationally acknowledged as being of “special architectural or historic interest,” and are subject to special planning controls. There are no listed buildings within the proposed Conservation Area. However, a number of the single storey cottages An interesting asymmetrical cottage at date back to the 18 th or early 19 th 77 Main Street century. Often the traditional forms of guttering have been replaced with plastic, but The 19 th century saw the beginnings of where originals remain these are of a institutional buildings being developed. simple half-round shape on rise-and-fall The first of these was the church, built brackets. between1843 – 4. There was no church in the village before this. Next came the vi) Windows and Doors school, which was built 1847 – 8 and enlarged in 1870 – 1. Sadly, Tickton has suffered worst than most in the loss of its timber doors and The Wesleyan Methodist Chapel in red windows and doors to UPVC. The and white brick was built in 1877 and, difficulty is that unless care is taken to like the church, is still in use. The school replicate the detail of the historic was moved to a new and larger site in windows (and doors) that they have 1971. All three contribute significantly replaced, it can lead to a clumsier to the street scene where most of the appearance with thicker sashes and other buildings do not have a strong glazing bars. architectural or historic character.

vii) Chimneys l) Focal Point Buildings

There is no strong theme to the size and These buildings are highlighted because colour of Tickton’s stacks and pots. of the additional visual importance they However because many of the single have due to their location. Planning

9 applications which relate to them will n) Other artefacts therefore be considered against the criterion that their design and detailing There are four significant structures should reflect the importance of their within the proposed Conservation Area location. which are of significance and value to the street scene:

These include the War Memorial , by the roadside opposite the Church.

Also the K6 (1930’s) Telephone Kiosk near the Post Office. Although at the time of survey the Telephone Box is in need of repainting, it provides a focal point in the otherwise linear streetscape.

The Elizabeth Stevenson Almshouses (1872) The Village Pump , which stands on the The linear nature of the village is such south side of Main Street at the heart of that there are few focal point buildings the Conservation Area, is an important in the Main Street. Perhaps the most reminder of a former age when running significant is the small and elegant water was not readily available. Elizabeth Stevenson Almshouses dating from 1872 at New Tickton at the east And finally the EIIR Pillar Box , which end of the village. is unusual in a village of this size, being more usually found in towns and cities. m) Unlisted Buildings of Interest

The principles of selection used by English Heritage for recommendations for the listing of buildings seek to ensure that most buildings from 1700 – 1840 are listed. After this latter date there was a significant increase in the number of buildings erected nationally and therefore a significant decrease in the number of listings, these being limited to the best examples of particular building types.

Because there are no listed buildings within the proposed Area, Conservation Area status would be particularly advantageous, as it would mean that the demolition of any building over 115 cubic metres – roughly the size of a The Village Pillar Box double garage, would need specific The retention of these is important to consent before demolition could take the heritage of the village and the wider place. area.

10 o) Traffic To preserve the character and appearance of the Conservation Area, Compared with many other East Riding traditional timber doors and windows villages, the provision of the bypass in are recommended, keeping the style the 1980’s has helped enormously in simple as befits this rural location. reducing its impact on the Main Street. Guttering and fall-pipes should be of cast-iron though sometimes guttering Although not without a downside in can be of timber – often encountered in divorcing Tickton Grange and the rural areas. properties beyond it from the rest of the settlement, overall it has to be Thresholds should be traditional and of acknowledged that its benefits in stone where building regulations permit. providing relative quiet and greater safety to the village as a whole have Chimneys should be included with pots outweighed its disadvantages. which, to reflect the character of the village, could be cylindrical, red and approximately 75cm (30”) high. POLICY STATEMENT FOR THE TICKTON COMMUNITY CONSERVATION AREA INVOLVEMENT

This appraisal has been and is the The East Riding of Yorkshire Council subject of consultation with Tickton will use its powers to protect the special Council and those residents whose character of the Tickton Conservation homes would be included within the Area. Area. The comments received in the

course of this consultation process will Where the removal of trees within the be taken into account prior to the Conservation Area is approved, the adoption of the document as Council Council will endeavour to ensure that policy. the Area's long term character and appearance is not thereby damaged, and that, unless there are accepted reasons to the contrary, replacement planting is PLANNING POLICY agreed and undertaken. CONTEXT

New Developments The principle legislation covering Conservation Areas is the Planning The Council will give special regard to (Listed Buildings and Conservation development proposals which may Areas) Act 1990, which provides the affect the Area and its setting, to ensure framework for designation, review and that it is thereby preserved or enhanced. appraisal of Conservation Areas. There are also provisions within the Recommended Materials Town & Country Planning Act 1990.

This appraisal has already made Government policy and Guidance is set reference to Tickton’s materials’ out in Planning Policy Guidance Note character. These are red/brown clamp 15 (PPG15) “Planning and the Historic type bricks and orange/red clay non- Environment” dated September 1994 interlocking pan tiles. and available at:

www.communities.gov.uk/planning.

11 The planning policy affecting Archaeology Partnership and Conservation Areas within the East specialist officers of the Council by the Riding is set at the regional, sub-regional Conservation Team, East Riding of and local level. The Regional Spatial Yorkshire Council, County Hall, Strategy (RSS) for Yorkshire and the Beverley, HU17 9BA Humber (published May 2008) deals with the historic environment in Policy E-mail address: ENV9. This is developed at the sub- conservation.and.enforcement@ regional level by the Joint Structure Plan eastriding.gov.uk (JSP) for and the East Riding of Yorkshire (adopted June The information provided in this 2005) in Policy ENV6. At a local level Appraisal includes contributions from policies relevant to the Tickton Humber Archaeology partnership and Conservation Area are currently specialist Officers of the Council. contained in the Beverley Borough Council Local Plan (BBLP) (adopted The photographs shown in this June 1996), Policies E21, 22, 25 - E34. Appraisal were taken in spring 2008. Other policies in this Plan can also affect the Conservation Area, including . those dealing with new residential and commercial development, listed Date: 23 February 2009. buildings and archaeology.

The JSP will be incorporated into the Local Development Framework (LDF), which will also supersede the current Local Plan in due course. This Appraisal will be used as a background document in support of the relevant LDF Development Plan Document and as a material planning consideration in the determination of relevant planning applications.

LOCAL GENERIC GUIDANCE

Beverley Borough Wide Local Plan, Policies E21, 22, 25 – E34.

Leaflet, “What are Conservation Areas?” by East Riding of Yorkshire Council, Customer Services, County Hall, Beverley, HU17 9BA

USEFUL INFORMATION

AND CONTACTS

This appraisal document has been produced with contributions from the

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