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Apatity GW II Groundwater Pipeline Geological Survey of Finland P 32.4/2009/1 Northern Finland Office Rovaniemi 15.1.2009 Russian Academy of Sciences Mining Institute of Kola Science Center Apatity Apatity GW II Groundwater pipeline - soil map and explanation Juho Kupila, Jouni Pihlaja and Vladimir Zaitsev Apatity GW II GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FINLAND DOCUMENTATION PAGE Dale I Rcc. no Authors Type of report Geological Survey ofFinland, Northern Finland Soil map and explanation Offic e, Rovaniemi Commissioned by Russian Academy ofSciences, Mining Institute of the Kola Science Center, Anatitv Title ofreport Groundwater pipeline - soil map and explanation Abstract Soil map of the area was made for giving a detailed picture of the gro undwater pipeline area and to give some guides to the routing. Alternative route to the pipeline was given according to the soil map and field studies. Keywords Groundwater, surficial deposits. ground penetrating radar, mapping, Apatity, Russia Geographical area Russia, Apatity, Malaya Belaya river valley Map sheet Other information Report serial Archive code Archive report P 32.4/2009/1 TOlal pages Language Price Conf id enualiry 10 English Unit and section Project code Northern Finland Office, Land Use and Environment 4905013 Russian Academy ofSciences, Mining Institute of the Kola Scien ce Center. Anatitv Signature/name Signature/name -.. ~ , if~ , - M2- . ~ .u, ~~ I 'l~ ~ JOt,v,; P,'hJ~ '\" c I v GTK GEOLOGIAN TUTKIMUS KESKUS • GEO LOGISKA FORSKNI NGSCENTRALEN • GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FINLA ND Apatity GW II Contents Documentation page 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 RESULTS 1 2.1 Study area 1 2.1.1 Geography 1 2.1.2 Climate 1 2.1.3 Geological characterization of the groundwater deposit and the water pipeline route area 1 2.1.4 Map of Quaternary deposits of the groundwater pipeline area 3 2.1.5 Map legend details (as in 2.1.3) 6 2.2 Groundwater pipeline routing from GW-deposit to the Apatity Vodokanal water plant 6 Apatity GW II 1 1 INTRODUCTION The soil map of the area was made to give a detailed picture of the pipeline area and to give some guides to the groundwater pipeline routing. From this information, the alternative route for the pipeline was planned and placed on the map. To avoid poor readability, the alternative pipeline is presented on its own map. 2 RESULTS 2.1 Study area 2.1.1 Geography The groundwater deposit and the water pipeline area are located in the central part of the Kola Peninsula on the southwestern slopes of the Khibiny Mountains, 14 km north-west of the town of Apatity. The groundwater deposit is confined to the v-shaped Malaya Belaya river mountain valley. The valley water catchment area makes up 79.9 square kilometers. The Malaya Belaya river is 17 km long, with the annual average river discharge accounting for 2.23 m3/s (193 thousand m3/d).The Malaya Belaya river valley is not commercially developed. A summer village, adjacent to the railway station Khibiny, is located near Lake Imandra, in the valley estuary. 2.1.2 Climate The Khibiny massif, rising approximately 100 meters above the surrounding hilly plains, is a natural object protecting the area from the cold air masses and thus determining, to some extent, the climate of the study area. The annual average air temperature varies from +3.1°С to -2.8°С. The warmest month is July (the monthly average temperature is +13.10), and the coldest month is February (-11.30С). The winter period lasts from November until May. The soil freezing depth is to 1.2 m and the permafrost layer is absent. The annual amount of precipitations varies from 900 - 1600 mm in the mountain part and to 700 mm at the foot of the mountains. The snow depth in the water intake area is 1.3 m, and along the water pipe-line route the snow depth is 0.65 m. Forty five per cent of the annual sum of precipitation falls during the warm period, which is favourable for ground water recharge. The amount of the soil surface evaporation is negligible (about 160 mm per year). The absolute humidity is, on average, 70 - 90 %. 2.1.3 Geological characterization of the groundwater deposit and the water pipeline route area The Malaya Belaya river valley is composed of Quaternary glacial and water-glacial deposits. The Quaternary deposits are characterized by an alternate lithological composition due to the alternating sandy and sandy loam-loamy intercalations. The groundwater is confined to sandy varieties in the Quaternary deposits, as well as to fractured basement rocks. The operational groundwater reserves of the deposit (30 thousand cubic m/d) are provided by the basic aquifer and account for 39 000 cubic m/d. According to the isotope method data, the age of the fractured bedrock water is 7.5 years while the age of the Quaternary deposits is 4.4 years. Apatity GW II 2 The groundwater transit section located above the basic aquifer discharge zone has been selected as the zone of water intake. The productive horizon of the water intake section is characterized by the best permeability. Eight to ten 3750 cubic meters production holes 41-56 m deep are recommended for water intake use . The groundwater deposit is represented in detail in final project report entitled “Assessment of groundwater supply option for Apatity region”. The damage that will be caused to the river discharge by commercial exploitation of the deposit is going to account for 27% of the annual average subsurface drainage. In the operation period, the groundwater level drawdown will not exceed 2 m within a distance of 2.5 km. The water pipeline section from the water intake area to the Apatity Vodokanal pumping station (the second gradient) is 12km long. The absolute elevation of the water intake area is about 200 m, and 149m in the Apatity Vodokanal pumping station area . Thus, the relative difference between the water intake area and the Apatity Vodokanal pumping station area (the second gradient) is about 50 m. Since there is pressure in the groundwater deposit, water can be supplied to the town of Apatity naturally . The water pipeline route crosses a number of small rivers and brooks running off the southwest slopes of the Khibiny mountains (for instance, the left-hand and right-hand Takhtarvumjok). The water intake area superposes the Paleozoic rocks composing the Khibiny alkaline massif, in the zone of endocontact, namely, ijolite and ijolite-melteigite comprising the lower zone of the massif. All the Malaya Belaya river catchment area also superposes the rocks comprising the Khibiny massif. Further, the water pipeline route runs along the area of the Imandra-Varzuga Proterozoic bedrocks, which are seen mainly in the Ilmozero suite metabazalt. Along the water pipeline route, the bedrocks are overlaid by loose Ostashkovian Quaternary deposits and do not outcrop (IIIos). The loose overlying rocks along the water pipeline route are 2-6 m thick, while in the small rivers and brooks valleys up to 30 m thick. In the areas of glacial landforms the overlying rocks are up to 10 m thick within 8-12 km from where the water pipeline route starts. The Ostashkovian horizon includes the basic Alpine glaciers and ice-cap moraines, peripheral Alpineglaciers and ice-cap moraines and fluvioglacial and lacustrine glacial deposits. The basic Alpine glacier moraine (ggIIIos) is located within the Khibiny valleys and slopes. Lithologically, it is presented by non- sorted bluish sandy loam, with differently rounded boulders and pebbles, rock debris, gravel. The boulders, pebbles and rock fragments make up about 20 to 70 % of the deposits, which are 20 m thick. The peripheral Alpine glacier moraine (ggkIIIos) is formed as rows in the Khibiny valleys and it differs from the basic Alpineglacier moraine in a great amount of boulders, rock fragments, gravel. Sandy loam and sand are the infilling material, with its thickness being 10 m or more. The basic ice-cap moraine (gpIIIos) forms a discontinuous cover over the outer Khibiny slopes and the Khibiny plain, as well as over the valleys of the rivers at their running out of these mountains. The moraine is composed of non-sorted dusty sands, with fine-and very fine-grained sand dominating, with sandy loam, loam with blocks, boulders, pebbles, stone fragments and rock debris. The clastic product makes up 15-20 %, sometimes 30-40 %. Boulders of medium and low roundness dominate, being of a greenish-grey colour. The deposits are 4 to 10 m thick. The peripheral ice-cap moraines (gpkIIIos) are found in the river valleys, in places where rivers run out of the trough valleys. The moraines differ from the Alpine glacier moraine in the greater amount of loam and in the smaller amount of non-rounded product. The thickness is 30-40 m. Apatity GW II 3 The fluvioglacial deposits (fIIIos) are found in the near-mountain plains, and make up the river deltas, oses, hollows of thawing water run-off. The deposits are composed of well washed sand, bench gravel, gravel, and often sandy loam, with the ratio between the components changing. The thickness is to 10 m. The lacustine-glacier deposits (lgIIIos) make up kame and lacustine-glacial plains, are sometimes found as lenses in the glacial formations. These deposits are presented by sandy loam, loam, sands with a mixture of pebbles and rock debris. The thickness is to 4-6 m. The recent deposits (IY) found in the study area, are seen in moraine glacial formations, fluvioglacial deposits, lacustrine, alluvial, lacustrine-alluvial, sill, proluvial, biogenic and technogenic (unclear term) deposits. Of particular interest are the alluvial deposits placed in the river and stream beds (aIY).
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