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Assessment of Groundwater Supply Option for Apatity Region

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Assessment of Groundwater Supply Option for Apatity Region Geological Survey of Finland P 32.4/2007/73 Northern Finland Unit Rovaniemi 12.03.2007 Russian Academy of Sciences Mining Institute of the Kola Science Centre Apatity Apatity Vodokanal Company Apatity Assessment of groundwater supply option for Apatity region FINAL REPORT Jouni Pihlaja and Vladimir Konukhin (eds.) Apatity GW - Final Report 2 Abstract Geological Survey of Finland and Russian partners implemented Apatity GW project near the city of Apatity during year 2006. The project was funded by The Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland and by the Russian partners. According to the project schedule, the following tasks were implemented by the project partners during the year 2006: 1. Kick off meeting in Rovaniemi (Kola Science Center / Mining Institute + Apatity Vodokanal + Geological Survey of Finland) 2. Compilation of existing relevant data and selection of target areas (MIK + Vodokanal) 3. The assessment of the existing quality of drinking water in Apatity (MIK + Vodokanal) 4. Health assessment of the impact of drinking water taken from the surface sources for the inhabitants in Apatity area (MIK + Apatity Lab on professional diseases) 5. Finnish experience in using ground water sources for water supply (GTK) 6. GIS processing of the existing maps of selected areas agreed between the parties (GTK) 7. Training of Vodokanal experts in water monitoring, Apatity (GTK) 8. Geophysical field working (3-4 days) with soil and water sampling (GTK + MIK + Vodokanal experts) in Apatity 9. Water monitoring (GTK + Vodokanal) in Apatity 10. Laboratory analyses of ground water (GTK + Vodokanal) 11. Comparative assessment of the ground water supply versus the surface water option (MIK +GTK) 12. Conclusions from the field work results. Meeting in Rovaniemi (MIK +GTK) 13. Development of the guidelines for improvement of drinking water quality in the Apa- tity area (i.e. proving the necessity to build ground water supply facilities instead of taking water from the surface sources) (MIK + GTK) 14. Meeting with discussions of the results of investigations and of the guidelines involv- ing all the stakeholders concerned (MIK + GTK +Vodokanal) in Apatity 15. Final report Apatity GW - Final Report 3 Contents Abstract 1 INTRODUCTION 4 2 TASK DESCRIPTIONS 4 2.1 Kick-off Meeting in Rovaniemi 4 2.2 Compilation of existing relevant data and selection of target 4 2.2.1 Water supply of Apatity city 4 2.2.2 Selection of the deposit of subsurface water 4 2.3 The assessment of the existing quality of drinking water in Apatity 5 2.4 Health assessment of the impact of drinking water taken from the surface sources for the inhabitants in Apatity area 6 2.5 Finnish experience in using ground water sources for water supply 7 2.6 GIS processing of the existing maps of selected areas agreed between the parties 8 2.7 Training of Vodokanal experts in water monitoring 8 2.8 Geophysical field working with soil and water sampling in Apatity 8 2.9 Other tasks 9 3 RESULTS 9 3.1 Water supply of Apatity 9 3.1.1 Reagent treatment of water at the Apatity water treatment facility 12 3.1.2 Population and the main consumers of drinking water 19 3.1.3 Sources of water supply of Apatity and their assessment 19 3.2 Description of the ground water deposit “Malaya Belaya” 23 3.2.1 The knowledge of the ground water deposit “Malaya Belaya” 23 3.2.2 Geography 24 3.2.3 Climate 24 3.2.4 Hydrogeological description of the water intake area 24 3.2.5 Investigation of the quality of the ground water 34 3.2.6 GIS-based 3d-modelling of the study area 55 3.2.7 Reserves of ground water 61 Apatity GW - Final Report 4 1 INTRODUCTION This report was compiled by project partners: GTK / Northern Finland Unit, Mining Institute of Kola Science Centre and Apatity Vodokanal Company. It includes some descriptions how the project tasks were implemented and the results of the project. 2 TASK DESCRIPTIONS 2.1 Kick-off Meeting in Rovaniemi The Kick-off Meeting of the Project was organized by the Northern Finland Office of Geological Survey of Finland in Rovaniemi on April 23-26, 2006. The Deputy Director of the Mining Institute prof. А.А. Kozyrev and the Project Manager prof. V.P. Konukhin took part in the meeting on behalf of the Mining Institute. During the Kick-off Meeting the main goals and tasks of the project were formulated as a final wording. There were set up responsibilities of both partners for every task of the project as well as the terms of implementation of field and laboratory investigations, analytical processing of the materials and preparation of the final report. 2.2 Compilation of existing relevant data and selection of target 2.2.1 Water supply of Apatity city At present it is the lake of Imandra, which is the source for water supply for Apatity. On the lakeshores several sources of man-induced impact are located: “Severonickel” metallurgical works, which is a branch of “Norilski Nikel” JSC and apatite-nepheline producing joint-stock company “Apatit”. The water intake facilities in the Imandra lake are the property of the “Apatit” JSC, which takes water for both economic-communal use and for operational needs. Water is further taken via steel pipes 9 km long to the site of “Apatity Vodokanal”, where it is treated at the water treat- ment facility (WTF) of Apatity. The account is taken of the water consumed from the “Apatit” JSC pipelines, using an ultrasound flowmeter “Vzliot”. 2.2.2 Selection of the deposit of subsurface water When studying the situation in water supply of Apatity an emphasis was made on possible op- tions of Apatity water supply system. This is, first of all, connected with the introduction in Russia of new hygienic requirements to the drinking water quality of the centralized systems of water supply according to “Sanitary Regula- tions and Norms” (SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01), the requirements to water quality of water supply Apatity GW - Final Report 5 sources have, also, been changed. One of the main principles of the new SanPiN is limitations of the total harmful substances concentrations ratio identified in the water of the source against maximal permissible concentrations of these substances, which make part of one limiting nui- sance indication. Due to this, there is a need in a water source, where the water could have dra- matically less content of harmful substances. The ground water meets all these requirements. The ground water sources undergo to the man-induced impact very little containing, as a rule, very low concentrations of harmful ingredients and are corrosion-inactive. The experts of the Mining Institute have collected and analyzed the geological-geophysical and hydrogeological data available from the geological archive of the region on the most promising deposit of ground water near Apatity – Malaya Belaya river, where preliminary investigations had been carried out during the previous years. The Malaya Belaya ground water deposit is lo- cated in the intramountain valley, composed of quaternary glacier and water-glacier sediments. 2.3 The assessment of the existing quality of drinking water in Apatity The main source of water for Apatity - Imandra lake - is typical to have a high level of man- induced pollution. Table 3.3.1 presents the data on water quality in the lake of Imandra as of 2005, whereas table 3.3.2 provides the data on the quality of the drinking water in Apatity as of 2006. The data on the quality of the drinking water in Apatity, published by different authors are very interesting, in particular by L. K. Sokolova, the president of the Kola regional organization “For the safety of drinking water and food”. As stated by L. K. Sokolova no dioxin was found in the water of the Imandra lake. The investigations implemented by the Institute of Toxicology have, however, revealed some products of water chlorination: carbon tetrachloride (4.5 MPC) and chloroform (0.5 MPC). Car- bon tetrachloride is a most hazardous pollutant. It is, however, not permanently present in Apa- tity water. The color, turbidity, odour and taste, Apatity water meets the GOST (National Standards Sys- tem) requirements as well as with regard to its bacteriological, virologic and parasitologic. By the content of radioactive elements (total volumetric alpha- and beta-activity) Apatity water meets respective regulations. A number of water characteristics are, nevertheless, not safe. An integrated index of the 1-st and 2-nd category toxic substances content exceeds 1.6 times the regulation provided by SanPiN 2.1.4.559-96. Apatity GW - Final Report 6 By its salinity the water is low mineralized. Total content of salts is 30% lower than the mini- mum required level (MNU). Calcium content is 5.5 times below MNU. Magnesium content is 4 times below MNU. The hardness is 4 times below MNU. Alkalinity is 1.6 times lower than MNU. Fluorine concentration is 6 times lower the optimum one for the 2-nd climatic zone. 2.4 Health assessment of the impact of drinking water taken from the surface sources for the inhabitants in Apatity area The fact that our health depends to a great extent on the quality of the drinking water becomes more and more obvious. The negative attitude of Apatity residents to the drinking water is ex- plained by the fact that water is taken from the lake of Imandra, tails to which are dumped by “Apatit” JSC, which can cause cholelithic and nephrolithic pathologies and even cancer. The real situation is, however, not known, because to answer the question about the interrelation between the morbidity and the quality of drinking water it is necessary to carry out deeper investigations of the entire range of safety indices, which are not possible due to bad financial situation in Apa- tity.
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