Sources to Radioactive Contamination in Murmansk and Arkhangelsk Counties
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Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure- Present State And
Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure – Present State and Future Potential By Claes Lykke Ragner FNI Report 13/2000 FRIDTJOF NANSENS INSTITUTT THE FRIDTJOF NANSEN INSTITUTE Tittel/Title Sider/Pages Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure – Present 124 State and Future Potential Publikasjonstype/Publication Type Nummer/Number FNI Report 13/2000 Forfatter(e)/Author(s) ISBN Claes Lykke Ragner 82-7613-400-9 Program/Programme ISSN 0801-2431 Prosjekt/Project Sammendrag/Abstract The report assesses the Northern Sea Route’s commercial potential and economic importance, both as a transit route between Europe and Asia, and as an export route for oil, gas and other natural resources in the Russian Arctic. First, it conducts a survey of past and present Northern Sea Route (NSR) cargo flows. Then follow discussions of the route’s commercial potential as a transit route, as well as of its economic importance and relevance for each of the Russian Arctic regions. These discussions are summarized by estimates of what types and volumes of NSR cargoes that can realistically be expected in the period 2000-2015. This is then followed by a survey of the status quo of the NSR infrastructure (above all the ice-breakers, ice-class cargo vessels and ports), with estimates of its future capacity. Based on the estimated future NSR cargo potential, future NSR infrastructure requirements are calculated and compared with the estimated capacity in order to identify the main, future infrastructure bottlenecks for NSR operations. The information presented in the report is mainly compiled from data and research results that were published through the International Northern Sea Route Programme (INSROP) 1993-99, but considerable updates have been made using recent information, statistics and analyses from various sources. -
International Maritime Organization Maritime
INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION MARITIME KNOWLEDGE CENTRE (MKC) “Sharing Maritime Knowledge” CURRENT AWARENESS BULLETIN DECEMBER 2019 www.imo.org Maritime Knowledge Centre (MKC) [email protected] www d Maritime Knowledge Centre (MKC) About the MKC Current Awareness Bulletin (CAB) The aim of the MKC Current Awareness Bulletin (CAB) is to provide a digest of news and publications focusing on key subjects and themes related to the work of IMO. Each CAB issue presents headlines from the previous month. For copyright reasons, the Current Awareness Bulletin (CAB) contains brief excerpts only. Links to the complete articles or abstracts on publishers' sites are included, although access may require payment or subscription. The MKC Current Awareness Bulletin is disseminated monthly and issues from the current and the past years are free to download from this page. Email us if you would like to receive email notification when the most recent Current Awareness Bulletin is available to be downloaded. The Current Awareness Bulletin (CAB) is published by the Maritime Knowledge Centre and is not an official IMO publication. Inclusion does not imply any endorsement by IMO. Table of Contents IMO NEWS & EVENTS ............................................................................................................................ 2 UNITED NATIONS ................................................................................................................................... 4 CASUALTIES........................................................................................................................................... -
Industrialization of Housing Construction As a Tool for Sustainable Settlement and Rural Areas Development
E3S Web of Conferences 164, 07010 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf /202016407010 TPACEE-2019 Industrialization of housing construction as a tool for sustainable settlement and rural areas development Olga Popova1,*, Polina Antufieva1 , Vladimir Grebenshchikov2 and Mariya Balmashnova2 1Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, 163002, Severnaya Dvina Emb., 17, Arkhangelsk, Russia 2 Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, 26, Yaroslavskoeshosse, 129337, Moscow, Russia Abstract. The development of the construction industry, conducting construction in accordance with standard projects, and transforming the construction materials industry in hard-to-reach and sparsely populated areas will make significant progress in solving the housing problem. Industrialization of housing construction is a catalyst for strong growth of the region’s economy and the quality of life of citizens. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for assessing the level of industrialization of the territory’s construction complex and its development potential for increasing the volume of low-rise housing stock. Research tasks: 1) assessment of the need to develop housing construction, including low-rise housing, on a particular territory; 2) development of a methodology for calculating the level of industrialization of construction in the area under consideration to determine the possibility of developing low-rise housing construction in this area in the proposed way; 3) approbation of the method using the example of rural areas of the Arkhangelsk region. It was revealed that the districts of the Arkhangelsk region have medium and low levels of industrialization. The districts that are most in need of an increase in the rate of housing construction have been identified. -
Development of Forest Sector in the Arkhangelsk Oblast During the Transition Period of the 1990S
Development of forest sector in the Arkhangelsk oblast during the transition period of the 1990s ALBINA PASHKEVICH Pashkevich Albina (2003). Development of forest sector in the Arkhangelsk oblast during the transition period of the 1990s. Fennia 181: 1, pp. 13–24. Helsinki. ISSN 0015-0010. The Arkhangelsk oblast has long been one of Russia’s most important forest industrial regions. This paper analyses the changes in accessibility of forest resources and forest commodity production during the transition period in the 1990s. Special attention is given to firm restructuring, active roles of domestic capital and the different survival strategies that have been developed by in- dustries in the region. Further analysis deals with signs of economic recovery in the forest sector due to the processes of restructuring, modernisation and self-organisation. Albina Pashkevich, Spatial Modelling Centre (SMC), Department of Social and Economic Geography, Umeå University, Box 839, SE-98128 Kiruna, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected]. MS received 12 August 2002. Introduction adoption of a new. Some suggest that this proc- ess has been deeply embedded in the nature of The shift from central planning to a market-based the socialist system (Dingsdale 1999; Hamilton economy in Russia culminated with the dramatic 1999) and that the legacy of the communism has economic and political reorientation that began been only partly removed, and instead has mere- in the 1990s. This transition towards a market-ori- ly been reworked in a complex way (Smith 1997). ented and outward-looking economic system led Others say that reforms have actually ended the by private sector has created new challenges and old ‘command economy’ but have instead suc- opportunities. -
Russian Art+ Culture
RUSSIAN ART+ CULTURE WINTER GUIDE RUSSIAN ART WEEK, LONDON 23-30 NOVEMBER 2018 Russian Art Week Guide, oktober 2018 CONTENTS Russian Sale Icons, Fine Art and Antiques AUCTION IN COPENHAGEN PREVIEW IN LONDON FRIDAY 30 NOVEMBER AT 2 PM Shapero Modern 32 St George Street London W1S 2EA 24 november: 2 pm - 6 pm 25 november: 11 am - 5 pm 26 november: 9 am - 6 pm THIS ISSUE WELCOME RUSSIAN WORKS ON PAPER By Natasha Butterwick ..................................3 1920’s-1930’s ............................................. 12 AUCTION HIGHLIGHTS FEATURED EVENTS ...........................14 By Simon Hewitt ............................................ 4 RUSSIAN TREASURES IN THE AUCTION SALES ROYAL COLLECTION Christie's, Sotheby's ........................................8 Interview with Caroline de Guitaut ............... 24 For more information please contact MacDougall's, Bonhams .................................9 Martin Hans Borg on +45 8818 1128 Bruun Rasmussen, Roseberys ........................10 RA+C RECOMMENDS .....................30 or [email protected] Stockholms Auktionsverk ................................11 PARTNERS ...............................................32 Above: Georgy Rublev, Anti-capitalist picture "Demonstration", 1932. Tempera on paper, 30 x 38 cm COPENHAGEN, DENMARK TEL +45 8818 1111 Cover: Laurits Regner Tuxen, The Marriage of Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia, 26th November 1894, 1896 BRUUN-RASMUSSEN.COM Credit: Royal Collection Trust/ © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2018 russian art week guide_1018_150x180_engelsk.indd 1 11/10/2018 14.02 INTRODUCTION WELCOME Russian Art Week, yet again, strong collection of 19th century Russian provides the necessary Art featuring first-class work by Makovsky cultural bridge between and Pokhitonov, whilst MacDougall's, who Russia and the West at a time continue to provide our organisation with of even worsening relations fantastic support, have a large array of between the two. -
Sources and Pathways 4.1
Chapter 4 Persistant toxic substances (PTS) sources and pathways 4.1. Introduction Chapter 4 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Assessment of distant sources: In general, the human environment is a combination Longrange atmospheric transport of the physical, chemical, biological, social and cultur- Due to the nature of atmospheric circulation, emission al factors that affect human health. It should be recog- sources located within the Northern Hemisphere, par- nized that exposure of humans to PTS can, to certain ticularly those in Europe and Asia, play a dominant extent, be dependant on each of these factors. The pre- role in the contamination of the Arctic. Given the spa- cise role differs depending on the contaminant con- tial distribution of PTS emission sources, and their cerned, however, with respect to human intake, the potential for ‘global’ transport, evaluation of long- chain consisting of ‘source – pathway – biological avail- range atmospheric transport of PTS to the Arctic ability’ applies to all contaminants. Leaving aside the region necessarily involves modeling on the hemi- biological aspect of the problem, this chapter focuses spheric/global scale using a multi-compartment on PTS sources, and their physical transport pathways. approach. To meet these requirements, appropriate modeling tools have been developed. Contaminant sources can be provisionally separated into three categories: Extensive efforts were made in the collection and • Distant sources: Located far from receptor sites in preparation of input data for modeling. This included the Arctic. Contaminants can reach receptor areas the required meteorological and geophysical informa- via air currents, riverine flow, and ocean currents. tion, and data on the physical and chemical properties During their transport, contaminants are affected by of both the selected substances and of their emissions. -
Nornickel and the Kola Peninsula
THE BELLONA FOUNDATION Nornickel and the Kola Peninsula Photo: Thomas Nilsen ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE YEAR OF ECOLOGY JANUARY 2018 The Bellona Foundation is an international environmental NGO based in Norway. Founded in 1986 as a direct action protest group, Bellona has become a recognized technology and solution- oriented organizations with offices in Oslo, Brussels, Kiev, St. Petersburg and Murmansk. Altogether, some 60 engineers, ecologists, nuclear physicists, economists, lawyers, political scientists and journalists work at Bellona. Environmental change is an enormous challenge. It can only be solved if politicians and legislators develop clear policy frameworks and regulations for industry and consumers. Industry plays a role by developing and commercializing environmentally sound technology. Bellona strives to be a bridge builder between industry and policy makers, working closely with the former to help them respond to environmental challenges in their field, and proposing policy measures that promote new technologies with the least impact on the environment. Authors: Oskar Njaa © Bellona 201 8 Design: Bellona Disclaimer: Bellona endeavors to ensure that the information disclosed in this report is correct and free from copyrights, but does not warrant or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, interpretation or usefulness of the information which may result from the use of this report. Contact: [email protected] Web page: www.bellona.org 1 Table of Contents 1 Introduction: ...................................................................................................................... -
Chapter 7. Cities of the Russian North in the Context of Climate Change
? chapter seven Cities of the Russian North in the Context of Climate Change Oleg Anisimov and Vasily Kokorev Introduction In addressing Arctic urban sustainability, one has to deal with the com- plex interplay of multiple factors, such as governance and economic development, demography and migration, environmental changes and land use, changes in the ecosystems and their services, and climate change.1 While climate change can be seen as a factor that exacerbates existing vulnerabilities to other stressors, changes in temperatures, precipitation, snow accumulation, river and lake ice, and hydrological conditions also have direct implications for Northern cities. Climate change leads to a reduction in the demand for heating energy, on one hand, and heightens concerns about the fate of the infrastruc- ture built upon thawing permafrost, on the other. Changes in snowfall are particularly important and have direct implications for the urban economy, because, together with heating costs, expenses for snow removal from streets, airport runways, roofs, and ventilation spaces underneath buildings standing on pile foundations built upon perma- frost constitute the bulk of a city’s maintenance budget during the long cold period of the year. Many cities are located in river valleys and are prone to fl oods that lead to enormous economic losses, inju- ries, and in some cases human deaths. The severity of the northern climate has a direct impact on the regional migration of labor. Climate could thus potentially be viewed as an inexhaustible public resource that creates opportunities for sustainable urban development (Simp- 142 | Oleg Anisimov and Vasily Kokorev son 2009). Long-term trends show that climate as a resource is, in fact, becoming more readily available in the Russian North, notwith- standing the general perception that globally climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity in the twenty-fi rst century. -
Short Update on the Russian Pulp and Paper Markets Prof
Short update on the Russian Pulp and Paper markets Prof. Eduard Akim Saint Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design (SPb SU ITD). FOREST PRODUCTS TRENDS & DEVELOPMENTS 5 November 2019 15:00 – 18:00 Room XII, Palais des Nations, Geneva Output of market pulp, paper and paperboard in the Russian Federation in 2017-2018 (thousand metric tons) Sources: Goscomstat of the Russian Federation; RAO Bumprom, *author's data handling Products 2018 2017 2018/2017, % Total Market Pulp, Paper & Paperboard 11872* 11232* 105.7 Market pulp total 2815* 2733* 103.0 Paper & Paperboard total 9058 8569 105.7 Newsprint Paper 1527 1440 106.1 Russian exports and imports of pulp, paper and paperboard in 2000-2018 (Million USD) 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 Exports 1000 Imports Trade balance 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 -1000 -2000 -3000 -4000 State of the industry & export • In 2018 pulp production increased by 3.0%, cardboard and paper - by 5.7%. The production volume of pulp and paper industry in 2018 amounted to 11.872 million tons. Pulp exports exceeded 2.1 million tons, which is 108% of the 2017 level. In terms of value - for 1.506 billion dollars (137.2% of the level of 2017). • In 2011-2018, exports of pulp and paper products continued to increase. Russian exports as a percentage of production have remained almost unchanged since 1996, while exports account for about 80% of the production for market pulp and about 30-35% for paper and cardboard. -
Large Russian Lakes Ladoga, Onega, and Imandra Under Strong Pollution and in the Period of Revitalization: a Review
geosciences Review Large Russian Lakes Ladoga, Onega, and Imandra under Strong Pollution and in the Period of Revitalization: A Review Tatiana Moiseenko 1,* and Andrey Sharov 2 1 Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia 2 Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, 152742 Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 8 October 2019; Accepted: 20 November 2019; Published: 22 November 2019 Abstract: In this paper, retrospective analyses of long-term changes in the aquatic ecosystem of Ladoga, Onega, and Imandra lakes, situated within North-West Russia, are presented. At the beginning of the last century, the lakes were oligotrophic, freshwater and similar in origin in terms of the chemical composition of waters and aquatic fauna. Three stages were identified in this study: reference condition, intensive pollution and degradation, and decreasing pollution and revitalization. Similar changes in polluted bays were detected, for which a significant decrease in their oligotrophic nature, the dominance of eurybiont species, their biodiversity under toxic substances and nutrients, were noted. The lakes have been recolonized by northern species following pollution reduction over the past 20 years. There have been replacements in dominant complexes, an increase in the biodiversity of communities, with the emergence of more southern forms of introduced species. The path of ecosystem transformation during and after the anthropogenic stress compares with the regularities of ecosystem successions: from the natural state through the developmental stage to a more stable mature modification, with significantly different natural characteristics. A peculiarity of the newly formed ecosystems is the change in structure and the higher productivity of biological communities, explained by the stability of the newly formed biogeochemical nutrient cycles, as well as climate warming. -
Norwegian Environmentalism Between State and Local Community: Why Greenpeace Failed in Norway
NORWEGIAN ENVIRONMENTALISM BETWEEN STATE AND LOCAL COMMUNITY: WHY GREENPEACE FAILED IN NORWAY Kristin Strømsnes, Per Selle and Gunnar Grendstad Stein Rokkan Centre for Social Studies / Department of Comparative Politics, University of Bergen Paper presented at the 7th International ISTR Conference, Bangkok, Thailand, July 9-12 2006. NORWEGIAN ENVIRONMENTALISM BETWEEN STATE AND LOCAL COMMUNITY: WHY GREENPEACE FAILED IN NORWAY Kristin Strømsnes, Per Selle and Gunnar Grendstad Why is it that Greenpeace never succeeded in Norway? To answer this question, we have to examine the way organized environmentalism is configured in the Norwegian case. This is a case that does not easily fit into the general assumptions behind the definitions of environmentalism that has been generated by the bulk of ‘continental’ or ‘Anglo-Saxon’ literature (see Grendstad et al. 2006). We argue that the Norwegian case deviates from the mainstream definition of environmentalism due to two anomalies. The roots of the two anomalies are found at different but interrelated levels of analysis. The first anomaly is that the Norwegian political and social system differs when compared to systems in most other countries in that adversary actors or interests are not excluded from national politics, but, in general, are welcomed by the government. We label this anomaly the inclusive polity and the state-friendly society. In short, we refer to it as the state-friendly society. This anomaly, which has a long historical tradition, is primarily found at a structural level. But it also ties in with mainstream attitudes and beliefs that define part of the Norwegian political culture. The other anomaly is more ideological, although this, too, has strong structural ties because national environmental concern is influenced by a notion of social hardship and self-sufficiency as part of local living. -
Mikhail Gorbachev's Speech in Murmansk at the Ceremonial Meeting on the Occasion of the Presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star to the City of Murmansk
MIKHAIL GORBACHEV'S SPEECH IN MURMANSK AT THE CEREMONIAL MEETING ON THE OCCASION OF THE PRESENTATION OF THE ORDER OF LENIN AND THE GOLD STAR TO THE CITY OF MURMANSK Murmansk, 1 Oct. 1987 Indeed, the international situation is still complicated. The dangers to which we have no right to turn a blind eye remain. There has been some change, however, or, at least, change is starting. Certainly, judging the situation only from the speeches made by top Western leaders, including their "programme" statements, everything would seem to be as it was before: the same anti-Soviet attacks, the same demands that we show our commitment to peace by renouncing our order and principles, the same confrontational language: "totalitarianism", "communist expansion", and so on. Within a few days, however, these speeches are often forgotten, and, at any rate, the theses contained in them do not figure during businesslike political negotiations and contacts. This is a very interesting point, an interesting phenomenon. It confirms that we are dealing with yesterday's rhetoric, while real- life processes have been set into motion. This means that something is indeed changing. One of the elements of the change is that it is now difficult to convince people that our foreign policy, our initiatives, our nuclear-free world programme are mere "propaganda". A new, democratic philosophy of international relations, of world politics is breaking through. The new mode of thinking with its humane, universal criteria and values is penetrating diverse strata. Its strength lies in the fact that it accords with people's common sense.