Taxonomy Principles and Methods
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Mcguire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity
Supplemental Information All specimens used within this study are housed in: the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity (MGCL) at the Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, USA (FLMNH); the University of Maryland, College Park, USA (UMD); the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle in Paris, France (MNHN); and the Australian National Insect Collection in Canberra, Australia (ANIC). Methods DNA extraction protocol of dried museum specimens (detailed instructions) Prior to tissue sampling, dried (pinned or papered) specimens were assigned MGCL barcodes, photographed, and their labels digitized. Abdomens were then removed using sterile forceps, cleaned with 100% ethanol between each sample, and the remaining specimens were returned to their respective trays within the MGCL collections. Abdomens were placed in 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes with the apex of the abdomen in the conical end of the tube. For larger abdomens, 5 mL microcentrifuge tubes or larger were utilized. A solution of proteinase K (Qiagen Cat #19133) and genomic lysis buffer (OmniPrep Genomic DNA Extraction Kit) in a 1:50 ratio was added to each abdomen containing tube, sufficient to cover the abdomen (typically either 300 µL or 500 µL) - similar to the concept used in Hundsdoerfer & Kitching (1). Ratios of 1:10 and 1:25 were utilized for low quality or rare specimens. Low quality specimens were defined as having little visible tissue inside of the abdomen, mold/fungi growth, or smell of bacterial decay. Samples were incubated overnight (12-18 hours) in a dry air oven at 56°C. Importantly, we also adjusted the ratio depending on the tissue type, i.e., increasing the ratio for particularly large or egg-containing abdomens. -
What's Eating You? Bedbugs Revisited (Cimex Lectularius)
Close enCounters With the environment What’s Eating You? Bedbugs Revisited (Cimex lectularius) Devika Patel, MD; Dirk M. Elston, MD he common bedbug, Cimex lectularius, is a member of the family Cimicidae and the genus TCimex. Belonging to the order Hemiptera, its relatives include reduviid bugs as well as common garden pests such as stink bugs, aphids, and cicadas.1 Bedbugs are distributed in temperate and tropical regions worldwide.2 In the last 10 years, the number of US households affected by these insects has mark- edly increased3 and bedbugs have become a serious urban pest worldwide.4 This resurgence of bedbug infestations has renewed interest in the biology and toxicology of these insects.5 CUTIS Overview Bedbug anatomy. Adult bedbugs are wingless, roughly oval in shape, flattened, and approximately 5- to 6-mm long. The adults are a deep red-brown color.2 They possess widely spaced compound eyes—one on each side of a pyramid-shapedDo head—and Notslender antennae. A humans. Copy2 The life cycle of C lectularius includes small semicircular to triangular scutellum, or sclerotic 5 nymphal stages followed by adulthood, and plate, covers the dorsal surface of the body, and the progression through each nymphal stage requires retroverted labium (mouthpart) has 3 segments that nutrients provided by the blood meal.7 reach the base of the first pair of legs (Figure).6 On Bedbugs are nocturnal insects6; they generally the distal extremities, the tarsus is composed of 3 seg- avoid light, hide during the day, and feed at night ments with claws. The female has a ventral notch or while humans are sleeping. -
Phylogenomics Reveals Major Diversification Rate Shifts in The
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/517995; this version posted January 11, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 Phylogenomics reveals major diversification rate shifts in the evolution of silk moths and 2 relatives 3 4 Hamilton CA1,2*, St Laurent RA1, Dexter, K1, Kitching IJ3, Breinholt JW1,4, Zwick A5, Timmermans 5 MJTN6, Barber JR7, Kawahara AY1* 6 7 Institutional Affiliations: 8 1Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA 9 2Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, & Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 10 83844 USA 11 3Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK 12 4RAPiD Genomics, 747 SW 2nd Avenue #314, Gainesville, FL 32601. USA 13 5Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Clunies Ross St, Acton, ACT 2601, Canberra, 14 Australia 15 6Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London NW4 4BT, UK 16 7Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA 17 *Correspondence: [email protected] (CAH) or [email protected] (AYK) 18 19 20 Abstract 21 The silkmoths and their relatives (Bombycoidea) are an ecologically and taxonomically 22 diverse superfamily that includes some of the most charismatic species of all the Lepidoptera. 23 Despite displaying some of the most spectacular forms and ecological traits among insects, 24 relatively little attention has been given to understanding their evolution and the drivers of 25 their diversity. -
Magnitude and Spread of Bed Bugs (Cimex Lectularius) Throughout Ohio (USA) Revealed by Surveys of Pest Management Industry
insects Article Magnitude and Spread of Bed Bugs (Cimex lectularius) throughout Ohio (USA) Revealed by Surveys of Pest Management Industry Susan C. Jones Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1065, USA; [email protected] Simple Summary: Bed bugs are small blood-sucking insects that live indoors and feed on humans. They have become a problem in countries worldwide. In this study, the problem in Ohio (Midwest U.S.) was measured based on treatments by licensed pest control companies throughout the state. Results from 2005 showed that Ohio’s bed bug problem likely started in Hamilton County, which includes Cincinnati. Much larger numbers of bed bug treatments were performed in 2011 and again in 2016, especially in counties with large cities. Almost every Ohio county had numerous bed bug treatments in 2016. Most treatments were in apartments/condos and single-family homes. Residents misused many pesticides, especially over-the-counter “bug bombs” and household cleaners, trying to eliminate bed bugs. Many people also threw away unwrapped infested furniture, which may further spread these bugs. More public education is needed to stop such practices. This study shows that bed bug problems can grow and spread quickly. Federal, state, and local officials and the public should immediately deal with bed bugs rather than waiting until they become an even bigger problem. Abstract: Bed bugs have recently re-emerged as human pests worldwide. In this study, two sur- Citation: Jones, S.C. Magnitude and veys queried licensed pest management companies in Ohio (Midwest USA) about their experiences Spread of Bed Bugs (Cimex lectularius) managing bed bugs. -
Salazar and Others Bed Bugs and Trypanosoma Cruzi
Accepted for Publication, Published online November 17, 2014; doi:10.4269/ajtmh.14-0483. The latest version is at http://ajtmh.org/cgi/doi/10.4269/ajtmh.14-0483 In order to provide our readers with timely access to new content, papers accepted by the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene are posted online ahead of print publication. Papers that have been accepted for publication are peer-reviewed and copy edited but do not incorporate all corrections or constitute the final versions that will appear in the Journal. Final, corrected papers will be published online concurrent with the release of the print issue. SALAZAR AND OTHERS BED BUGS AND TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI Bed Bugs (Cimex lectularius) as Vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi Renzo Salazar, Ricardo Castillo-Neyra, Aaron W. Tustin, Katty Borrini-Mayorí, César Náquira, and Michael Z. Levy* Chagas Disease Field Laboratory, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Arequipa, Peru; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania * Address correspondence to Michael Z. Levy, 819 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Populations of the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, have recently undergone explosive growth. Bed bugs share many important traits with triatomine insects, but it remains unclear whether these similarities include the ability to transmit Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. Here, we show efficient and bidirectional transmission of T. cruzi between hosts and bed bugs in a laboratory environment. -
BIOLOGY and CONTROL of the BED BUG CIMEX LECTULARIUS L. Kevin Hinson Clemson University, [email protected]
Clemson University TigerPrints All Dissertations Dissertations 12-2014 BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE BED BUG CIMEX LECTULARIUS L. Kevin Hinson Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Hinson, Kevin, "BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE BED BUG CIMEX LECTULARIUS L." (2014). All Dissertations. 1466. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1466 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE BED BUG CIMEX LECTULARIUS L. A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Entomology by Kevin Richard Hinson December 2014 Accepted by: Dr. Eric Benson, Committee Chair Dr. Patricia Zungoli Dr. William Bridges, Jr. Dr. Guido Schnabel ABSTRACT After vanishing from the public eye for more than 50 years, bed bugs have resurged to become one of the most widely discussed and heavily researched insect pests in the westernized world. Our inability to prevent and successfully treat infestations has been the driving force behind this wave of research. I addressed gaps in our understanding of bed bugs by examining behavioral and life history characteristics, as well as insecticide application responses. I showed that natural-based products are generally ineffective against bed bugs, particularly when used as a residual treatment. I also found that bed bugs may be killed through horizontal insecticide transfer, and that the efficacy of such products may depend on product formulation and surface type. -
Bed Bug Information & Control
Joint Statement on Bed Bug Control in the United States from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Introduction and Purpose The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed this document to highlight emerging public health issues associated with bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) in communities throughout the United States. Bed bugs (Photo 1) have been common in U.S. history. Although bed bug populations dropped dramatically during the mid-20th century (1), the United States is one of many countries now experiencing an alarming resurgence in the population of bed bugs. Though the exact cause is not known, experts suspect the resurgence is associated with increased resistance of bed bugs to available pesticides, greater international and domestic travel, lack of knowledge regarding control of bed bugs due to their prolonged absence, and the continuing decline or elimination of Photo 1. Bed Bug. Photo effective vector/pest control programs at state and local public courtesy of Dr. Harold health agencies. Harlan, Armed Forces Pest Management Board Image In recent years, public health agencies across the country have Library been overwhelmed by complaints about bed bugs. An integrated approach to bed bug control involving federal, state, tribal and local public health professionals, together with pest management professionals, housing authorities and private citizens, will promote development and understanding of the best methods for managing and controlling bed bugs and preventing future infestations. Research, training and public education are critical to an effective strategy for reducing public health issues associated with the resurgence of bed bug populations. -
Insecta: Lepidoptera)
Biodiversity Data Journal 6: e22236 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.6.e22236 Taxonomic Paper A global checklist of the Bombycoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera) Ian J Kitching‡, Rodolphe Rougerie§, Andreas Zwick |, Chris A Hamilton¶, Ryan A St Laurent¶, Stefan Naumann#, Liliana Ballesteros Mejia§,¤, Akito Y Kawahara¶ ‡ Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom § Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205 – CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Paris, France | CSIRO - Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australia ¶ Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States of America # Hochkirchstrasse 71, Berlin, Germany ¤ CESAB, Centre de Synthèse et d'Analyse sur la Biodiversité, Aix-en-Provence, France Corresponding author: Ian J Kitching ([email protected]), Rodolphe Rougerie ([email protected]) Academic editor: Yasen Mutafchiev Received: 13 Nov 2017 | Accepted: 08 Feb 2018 | Published: 12 Feb 2018 Citation: Kitching I, Rougerie R, Zwick A, Hamilton C, St Laurent R, Naumann S, Ballesteros Mejia L, Kawahara A (2018) A global checklist of the Bombycoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Biodiversity Data Journal 6: e22236. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.6.e22236 ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:937DDBF7-10F3-4700-B188-227F33800216 Abstract Background Bombycoidea is an ecologically diverse and speciose superfamily of Lepidoptera. The superfamily includes many model organisms, but the taxonomy and classification of the superfamily has remained largely in disarray. Here we present a global checklist of Bombycoidea. Following Zwick (2008) and Zwick et al. (2011), ten families are recognized: Anthelidae, Apatelodidae, Bombycidae, Brahmaeidae, Carthaeidae, Endromidae, Eupterotidae, Phiditiidae, Saturniidae and Sphingidae. The former families Lemoniidae and Mirinidae are included within Brahmaeidae and Endromidae respectively. -
What's Eating You? Bedbugs
close encounters with the environment What’s Eating You? Bedbugs LTC(P) Dirk M. Elston, MC USA, Fort Sam Houston, Texas MAJ Scott Stockwell, MSC USA, Fort Sam Houston, Texas The order hemiptera contains insects (Figure 1). The forewings have been re- whose wings are half membranous and duced to hemelytral (shoulder) pads. half sclerotic. Two families within the The hindwings are absent. The speci- order, Cimicidae (“bedbugs” and their mens pictured are from a laboratory relatives) and Reduviidae (reduviid colony fed by Scott Stockwell, PhD (aka bugs), include blood-sucking species of dinner, Figure 2). medical importance. All Cimicidae are The genus Cimex parasitizes both blood-sucking ectoparasites of mammals mammals and birds Cimex lectularius and or birds. They have flat, oval bodies and Cimex hemipterus (found in warmer cli- retroverted labium (mouthparts), with mates) affect humans most commonly. three segments, that reaches back as far C. lectularius also parasitizes bats, chick- as coxa (base) of the first pair of legs ens, and other domestic animals. C. lec- tularius ranges in size from 5 to 7 mm. From the Department of Dermatology (MCHE- Females are slightly longer than males. DD), Brooke Army Medical Center, and the C. hemipterus is roughly 25% longer than Medical Zoology Branch, Army Medical C. lecutularius. Interspecies mating oc- Department Center and School, Fort Sam curs in nature.1 The offspring differ from Houston, Texas. either species, often having the narrow REPRINT REQUESTS to Department of Dermatology (MCHE-DD), Brooke Army Medical pronotum and abdomen of C. Center, Army Medical Department Center and hemipterus, but the abdominal bristle School, Fort Sam Houston, TX 74148 (Dr. -
Insecta: Lepidoptera
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Natural History Museum Repository Title A global checklist of the Bombycoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Authors Kitching, IJ; Rougerie, R; Zwick, A; Hamilton, CA; St Laurent, RA; Naumann, S; Ballesteros Mejia, L; Kawahara, AY Description This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The attached file is the published pdf plus supplementary data file. Date Submitted 2018-02-16 Biodiversity Data Journal 6: e22236 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.6.e22236 Taxonomic Paper A global checklist of the Bombycoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera) Ian J Kitching‡, Rodolphe Rougerie§, Andreas Zwick |, Chris A Hamilton¶, Ryan A St Laurent¶, Stefan Naumann#, Liliana Ballesteros Mejia§,¤, Akito Y Kawahara¶ ‡ Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom § Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205 – CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Paris, France | CSIRO - Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australia ¶ Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States of America # Hochkirchstrasse 71, Berlin, Germany ¤ CESAB, Centre de Synthèse et d'Analyse sur la Biodiversité, Aix-en-Provence, France Corresponding author: Ian J Kitching ([email protected]), Rodolphe Rougerie ([email protected]) Academic editor: Yasen Mutafchiev Received: 13 Nov 2017 | Accepted: 08 Feb 2018 | Published: 12 Feb 2018 Citation: Kitching I, Rougerie R, Zwick A, Hamilton C, St Laurent R, Naumann S, Ballesteros Mejia L, Kawahara A (2018) A global checklist of the Bombycoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera). -
Heteroceran Fauna of Mt. Okdolbong, Gyeongbuk, Korea (Lepidoptera)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol. 6, No. 2 329-337, 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.7229/jkn.2013.6.2.329 Heteroceran Fauna of Mt. Okdolbong, Gyeongbuk, Korea (Lepidoptera) Seung-Jin Roh, Sat-Byul Shin, Young-Min Shin, Jun-Hwoung Jeon and Bong-Kyu Byun* Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Hannam University, 461-6 Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Korea Abstract: This study aims to obtain the basic data for studies on changes in insect fauna and insect resources around Mt. Okdolbong in Bongwha, Gyeongbuk, where a national arboretum is planned to be constructed, through investigating the insect fauna and obtaining its evidence samples. In particular, this region is very important for studies on biodiversity and its preservation, and requires fundamental data for related studies such as investigations of vulnerable species and changes in their distribution associated with climatic changes. A total of 263 species including 1,689 individuals of moths was collected in this study. The most dominant species was Endotricha loivaceali with 222 individuals, and was followed by Hydrillodes morose with 97 individuals and Craneophora ficki with 86 individuals. Keywords: forest insects, insect fauna, dominant species, specimen Introduction on insect resources in the regions, except a recent study on nearby Mt. Okdolbong (Roh et al., 2012). We investigated The survey regions in this study is located in Bongwha, the insect fauna in the regions where a national arboretum Gyeongbuk. The northern boundary of Bongwha is the is to be constructed, and collected insects to obtain the basic starting point where Sobaek Mountains branches from data for studies on changes in insect fauna and insect Taebaek Mountains that include high mountains such as resources in the regions. -
Human Bed Bug Family: Cimicidae Cimex Lectularius
Human Bed Bug Homeowner Fact Sheet Series Family: Cimicidae By Michael R. Bush, Ph.D. Cimex lectularius Human bed bugs have been found in households throughout Washington with increasing frequency. The size of the bug ranges from the 1/16” nymph to ¼” adult. Adult bed bugs are reddish brown, wingless, oval shaped bugs that are paper thin and will hide in cracks, crevices, bedding folds and luggage. Bedbugs have piercing- sucking mouthparts that allows them to puncture human skin and take blood meals. B. York, York’s Exterminating, Yakima, WA B. York, York’s Exterminating, Yakima, WA Bed bugs feed on humans and animals at night and their feeding causes skin welts, local inflammation and discomfort. Their presence can be confirmed by examining mattress seams, bed frames and springs for the presence of blood spots, shed skins or bed bugs. Human Bed Bug The human bed bug, Cimex lectularius, is the most common species of bed bug to plague humans. The saying “Sleep tight; don’t let the bed bugs bite” is not just a quaint bedtime rhyme, but a reminder of a problem that is on the rise in today’s highly mobile society. Human bed bugs require blood meals to provide for their offspring. Bed bugs are household pests that feed on humans at night and hide during the day in bedding and furniture in the vicinity of sleeping areas. Bed bugs are not known to transmit human diseases, but their feeding can cause skin welts, local inflammation and discomfort. Life History: • Adults: While human bed bugs are wingless, they are able to move from household to household by hitching rides in luggage, baggage, clothing and bedding material.