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TAWS) for Part 25 Airplanes AC 25-23 DATE: 5/22/00 Airworthiness Criteria for the Installation Approval of a Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS) for Part 25 Airplanes 5/22/00 AC 25-23 CONTENTS PARAGRAPH PAGE 1. PURPOSE.................................................................................................................................. 1 2. RELATED REGULATIONS AND DOCUMENTS. ............................................................. 1 3. DEFINITIONS.......................................................................................................................... 4 4. BACKGROUND....................................................................................................................... 7 5. DISCUSSION............................................................................................................................ 8 6. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION. ...................................................................................................... 9 7. AIRWORTHINESS CONSIDERATIONS FOR CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS....... 10 8. PROJECT SPECIFIC CERTIFICATION PLAN (PSCP)................................................. 11 9. SYSTEM SAFETY ASSESSMENT...................................................................................... 12 10. SOFTWARE. ........................................................................................................................ 13 11. POSITION SOURCE. .......................................................................................................... 13 12. TERRAIN DATABASE. ...................................................................................................... 15 13. DISPLAY PRESENTATION .............................................................................................. 15 14. ALERTS. ............................................................................................................................... 19 15. ALERT PRIORITIZATION. .............................................................................................. 20 16. SYSTEM INHIBIT............................................................................................................... 21 17. FLIGHT DATA RECORDER............................................................................................. 22 18. SYSTEMS EVALUATIONS WITH SIMULATORS. ...................................................... 22 19. GROUND TEST CONSIDERATIONS. ............................................................................. 22 20. FLIGHT TEST CONSIDERATIONS. ............................................................................... 23 21. AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL (AFM)/AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL SUPPLEMENT (AFMS)...................................................................................................... 28 Page i (and ii) 5/22/00 AC 25-23 1. PURPOSE. a. This Advisory Circular (AC) describes an acceptable means for obtaining FAA airworthiness approval for the installation of a Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS) that has been approved under Technical Standard Order (TSO)-C151a, Terrain Awareness and Warning System, or later revisions. The FAA’s TSO process is a means for obtaining FAA design and performance approval for an appliance, system, or product; however, the TSO does not provide installation approval. This AC serves to provide guidance for designing an acceptable installation for a TAWS that is compliant with TSO-C151a. The guidance provided is specific to installations of these systems on transport category airplanes certificated under 14 CFR part 25 [commonly referred to as part 25 of the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR)]. It describes the airworthiness considerations for such installations as they apply to the unique features of the TAWS and the interface of the TAWS with other systems on the airplane. b. The guidance provided in this document is directed to airplane and avionics manufacturers, modifiers, foreign regulatory authorities, and Federal Aviation Administration transport airplane type certification engineers and their designees. c. Like all advisory circular material, this AC is not, in itself, mandatory, and does not constitute a regulation. It is issued to describe an acceptable means, but not the only means, for demonstrating compliance with the requirements for transport category airplanes. Terms such as “shall” and “must” are used only in the sense of ensuring applicability of this particular method of compliance when the acceptable method of compliance described in this document is used. While these guidelines are not mandatory, they are derived from extensive Federal Aviation Administration and industry experience in determining compliance with the pertinent regulations. d. This advisory circular does not change, create any additional, authorize changes in, or permit deviations from, regulatory requirements. 2. RELATED REGULATIONS AND DOCUMENTS. a. Regulations. 14 CFR parts: § 25.1301 Function and installation § 25.1303 Flight and navigation instruments § 25.1309 Equipment, systems, and installations § 25.1321 Arrangement and visibility § 25.1322 Warning, caution, and advisory lights § 25.1333 Instrument systems Page 1 AC 25-23 5/22/00 § 25.1351 Electrical systems and equipment -- General § 25.1353 Electrical equipment and installations § 25.1357 Circuit protective devices § 25.1381 Instrument lights § 25.1383 Landing lights § 25.1431 Electronic equipment § 25.1459 Flight recorders § 25.1529 Instructions for Continued Airworthiness § 25.1541 Markings and placards -- General § 25.1581 Airplane flight manual -- General § 25.1585 Operating procedures § 91.223 Terrain awareness and warning system § 121.354 Terrain awareness and warning system § 121.360 Ground proximity warning-glide slope deviation alerting system § 135.153 Ground proximity warning system § 135.154 Terrain awareness and warning system b. FAA Advisory Circulars (AC), Orders, and Technical Standard Orders (TSO). The AC’s and TSO’s listed below can be obtained from the U.S. Department of Transportation, General Services Section, M-443.2, Washington, D.C. 20590. • AC 20-112, Airworthiness and Operational Approval of Airborne Systems to be Used in Lieu of Ground Proximity Warning System, February 19, 1981. • AC 20-115B, Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics, Inc. Document RTCA/DO-178B, January 11, 1993 • AC 20-130A, Airworthiness Approval of Navigation or Flight Management Systems Integrating Multiple Navigation Sensors, June 14, 1995. • AC 20-136, Protection of Aircraft Electrical/Electronic System Against the Indirect Effects of Lightning, March 5, 1990 Page 2 5/22/00 AC 25-23 • AC 20-138, Airworthiness Approval of Global Positioning System (GPS) Navigation Equipment for Use as a VFR and IFR Supplemental Navigation System, June 25, 1994. • AC 21-16D, Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics Document DO- 160D • AC 25-4, Inertial Navigation Systems (INS), February 18, 1966. • AC 25-10, Guidance for Installation of Miscellaneous Nonrequired Electrical Equipment, March 6, 1987. • AC 25-11, Transport Category Airplane Electronic Display Systems, July 16, 1987. • AC 25-12, Airworthiness Criteria for Approval of Airborne Windshear Warning Systems in Transport Category Airplanes, November 2, 1987. • AC 25-16, Electrical Fault and Fire Prevention and Protection, April 5, 1991. • AC 25.1309-1A, Systems Design and Analysis, June 21, 1988. • AC 25.1581-1, Airplane Flight Manual, July 14, 1997. • AC 90-45A, Approval of Area Navigation Systems for Use in the U.S. National Airspace System, February 21, 1975. • FAA Order 8110.4A, Type Certification Process • FAA Order 8260.3B, United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS) • TSO-C10b, Altimeter, Pressure Actuated, Sensitive Type • TSO-C67, Airborne Radar Altimeter Equipment • TSO-C92c, Airborne Ground Proximity Warning Equipment • TSO-C106, Air Data Computer • TSO-C113, Airborne Multipurpose Electronic Displays • TSO-C115, Airborne Navigation Equipment Using Multi-Sensor Inputs • TSO-C117a, Airborne Windshear Warning and Escape Guidance Systems for Transport Airplanes Page 3 AC 25-23 5/22/00 • TSO-C129a, Airborne Supplemental Navigation Equipment Using the Global Positioning System (GPS) • TSO C145, Airborne Navigation Sensors Using the Global Positioning System (GPS) Augmented by the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) • TSO-C151a, Terrain Awareness and Warning System c. Industry documents. (1) The Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA) documents listed below are available from RTCA, Inc., 1140 Connecticut Avenue N.W., Suite 1020, Washington, D.C. 20036-4001. • DO-160D, Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment • DO-161A, Minimum Performance Standards - Airborne Ground Proximity Warning Equipment • DO-178B, Software Consideration in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification • DO-200, Preparation, Verification and Distribution of User-Selectable Navigation Databases • DO-200A, Standards for Processing Aeronautical Data • DO-208, Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Airborne Supplemental Navigation Equipment Using Global Positioning System (2) The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) documents listed below are available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, Pennsylvania 15096-0001. • Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) 4761, Guidelines and Methods for Conducting the Safety Assessment Process on Civil Airborne Systems and Equipment • Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) 4754, Certification
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