DOCSLIB.ORG

Livewell Lit Review Draft 123118

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Livewell Lit Review Draft 123118 INVOLVING PERSONS LIVING WITH DEMENTIA IN RESEARCH: PEER MODELS AND ISSUES OF CAPACITY Literature Review December 31, 2018 Prepared by LiveWell in accordance with Eugene Washington PCORI Engagement Award “Empowering Partners: Engaging Individuals with Dementia and Care Partners in PCOR/CER” PEER TO PEER MODELS OF SUPPORT GASSAWAY, J., JONES, M. L., SWEATMAN, W. M., HONG, M., ANZIANO, P., & DEVAULT, K. (2017). EFFECTS OF PEER MENTORING ON SELF-EFFICACY AND HOSPITAL READMISSION AFTER INPATIENT REHABILITATION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION, 98(8), 1526- 1534. Objective. To investigate the effect of intensive peer mentoring on patient-reported outcomes of self-efficacy and unplanned hospital readmissions for persons with spinal cord injury/disease (SCI/D) within the first 6 months after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Design. Randomized controlled trial. Setting. Nonprofit inpatient rehabilitation hospital specializing in care of persons with SCI/D and brain injury. Participants. Patients (N=158) admitted to the SCI/D rehabilitation program whose discharge location was a community setting. Participants (51% with paraplegia and 49% with tetraplegia) were 73% white and 77% men, with a mean age of 38 years. Interventions. Participants in the experimental group received initial consult/introduction with a peer support program liaison and were assigned a peer mentor, who met with the participant weekly throughout the inpatient stay and made weekly contact by phone, e-mail, or in person for 90 days postdischarge. Participants also were encouraged to participate in regularly scheduled peer support activities. Nonexperimental group participants were introduced to peer support and provided services only on request. Main Outcome Measures. General Self-efficacy Scale (adapted to SCI/D), project- developed community integration self-efficacy scale, and patient-reported unplanned rehospitalizations. Results. Growth rate for self-efficacy in the first 6 months postdischarge was significantly higher for experimental group participants than nonexperimental group participants. Experimental group participants also had significantly fewer unplanned hospital days. Conclusions. This study provides evidence that individuals receiving intensive peer mentoring during and after rehabilitation for SCI/D demonstrate greater gains in self-efficacy over time and have fewer days of unplanned rehospitalization in the first 180 days postdischarge. More research is needed to examine the long-term effects of this intervention on health care utilization and the relation between improved health and patient-reported quality of life outcomes. 1 Updated December 31, 2018 DAVIDSON, L., CHINMAN, M., KLOOS, B., WEINGARTEN, R., STAYNER, D., & TEBES, J. K. (1999). PEER SUPPORT AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH SEVERE MENTAL ILLNESS: A REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE, 6(2), 165-187. This article reviews the history and potential effectiveness of peer support among persons with severe mental illness. Following a historical overview, we describe the three primary forms of peer support that have been developed to date by and for this population, and examine the existing empirical evidence of the feasibility, effectiveness, and utilization of each of these approaches in contributing to the recovery of individuals with psychiatric disabilities. These three forms are (1) naturally occurring mutual support groups, (2) consumer-run services, and (3) the employment of consumers as providers within clinical and rehabilitative settings. Existing studies of mutual support groups suggest that they may improve symptoms, promote larger social networks, and enhance quality of life. This research is largely from uncontrolled studies, however, and will need to be evaluated further using prospective, controlled designs. Consumer-run services and the use of consumers as providers promise to broaden the access of individuals with psychiatric disabilities to peer support, but research on these more recent developments is only preliminary and largely limited to demonstrations of their feasibility. We discuss issues entailed in participating in peer support for this population, and then close with a discussion of the implications for future policy, research, and practice. DAVIDSON, L., CHINMAN, M., SELLS, D., & ROWE, M. (2006). PEER SUPPORT AMONG ADULTS WITH SERIOUS MENTAL ILLNESS: A REPORT FROM THE FIELD. SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN, 32(3), 443-450. Peer support is based on the belief that people who have faced, endured, and overcome adversity can offer useful support, encouragement, hope, and perhaps mentorship to others facing similar situations. While this belief is well accepted for many conditions, such as addiction, trauma, or cancer, stigma and stereotypes about mental illness have impeded attempts on the part of people in recovery to offer such supports within the mental health system. Beginning in the early 1990s with programs that deployed people with mental illness to provide conventional services such as case management, opportunities for the provision and receipt of peer support within the mental health system have proliferated rapidly across the country as part of the emerging recovery movement. This article defines peer support as a form of mental health are and reviews data from 4 randomized controlled trials, which demonstrated few differences between the outcomes of conventional care when provided by peers versus non-peers. We then consider what, if any, unique contributions can be made by virtue of a person’s history of serious mental illness and recovery and review beginning 2 Updated December 31, 2018 efforts to identify and evaluate these potential valued-added components of care. We conclude by suggesting that peer support is still early in its development as a form of mental health service provision and encourage further exploration and evaluation of this promising, if yet unproven, practice. REPPER, J., & CARTER, T. (2011). A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON PEER SUPPORT IN MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES. JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH, 20(4), 392-411. Background. Although mutual support and self-help groups based on shared experience play a large part in recovery, the employment of peer support workers (PSWs) in mental health services is a recent development. However, peer support has been implemented outside the UK and is showing great promise in facilitating recovery. Aims. This article aims to review the literature on PSWs employed in mental health services to provide a description of the development, impact and challenges presented by the employment of PSWs and to inform implementation in the UK. Method. An inclusive search of published and grey literature was undertaken to identify all studies of intentional peer support in mental health services. Articles were summarised and findings analysed. Results. The literature demonstrates that PSWs can lead to a reduction in admissions among those with whom they work. Additionally, associated improvements have been reported on numerous issues that can impact on the lives of people with mental health problems. Conclusion. PSWs have the potential to drive through recovery-focused changes in services. However, many challenges are involved in the development of peer support. Careful training, supervision and management of all involved are required. WALKER, G., & BRYANT, W. (2013). PEER SUPPORT IN ADULT MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES: A METASYNTHESIS OF QUALITATIVE FINDINGS. PSYCHIATRIC REHABILITATION JOURNAL, 36(1), 28. Objectives: Peer support involves people in recovery from psychiatric disability offering support to others in the same situation. It is based on the belief that people who have endured and overcome a psychiatric disability can offer useful support, encouragement, and hope to their peers. Although several quantitative reviews on the effectiveness of peer support have been conducted, qualitative studies were excluded. This study aimed to synthesize findings from these studies. Method: A qualitative metasynthesis was conducted, involving examination, critical comparison, and synthesis of 27 published studies. The experiences of peer support workers, their nonpeer colleagues, and the recipients of peer support services were investigated. Results: Peer support workers experiences included nonpeer staff discrimination and prejudice, low pay and hours, and difficulty managing the transition from “patient” to peer support worker. Positive experiences included collegial relationships with nonpeer staff, and other peers; and 3 Updated December 31, 2018 increased wellness secondary to working. Recipients of peer support services experienced increased social networks and wellness. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: The findings highlight training, supervision, pay, nonpeer staff/peer staff relationships, as important factors for statutory mental health peer support programs. BELLAMY, C., SCHMUTTE, T., & DAVIDSON, L. (2017). AN UPDATE ON THE GROWING EVIDENCE BASE FOR PEER SUPPORT. MENTAL HEALTH AND SOCIAL INCLUSION, 21(3), 161-167. Purpose. As peer support services have become increasingly used in mental health settings as a recovery-oriented practice, so has the body of published research on this approach to care. The purpose of this paper is to provide an update on the current evidence base for peer support for adults with mental illness in two domains: mental health and recovery, and physical health and wellness. Design/methodology/approach.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • National Council on the Humanities Minutes, No. 11-15
    Office of th8 General Counsel N ational Foundation on the Aria and the Humanities MINUTES OF THE ELEVENTH MEETING OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL ON THE HUMANITIES Held Monday and Tuesday, February 17-18, 1969 U. S. Department of State Washington, D. C. Members present; Barnaby C. Keeney, Chairman Henry Haskell Jacob Avshalomov Mathilde Krim Edmund F. Ball Henry Allen Moe Robert T. Bower James Wm. Morgan *Germaine Br&e Ieoh Ming Pei Gerald F. Else Emmette W. Redford Emily Genauer Robert Ward Allan A. Glatthorn Alfred Wilhelmi Members absent: Kenneth B. Clark Charles E. Odegaard John M. Ehle Walter J. Ong Paul G. Horgan Eugene B. Power Albert William Levi John P. Roche Soia Mentschikoff Stephen J. Wright James Cuff O'Brien *Present Monday only - 2 - Guests present: *Mr. Harold Arberg, director, Arts and Humanities Program, U. S. Office of Education Dr. William Emerson, assistant to the president, Hollins College, Virginia Staff members present; Dr. James H. Blessing, director, Division of Fellowships and Stipends, and acting director, Division of Research and Publication, National Endowment for the Humanities Dr. S. Sydney Bradford, program officer, Division of Research and Publication, NEH Miss Kathleen Brady, director, Office of Grants, NEH Mr. C. Jack Conyers, director, Office of Planning and Analysis, NEH Mr. Wallace B. Edgerton, deputy chairman, NEH Mr. Gerald George, special assistant to the chairman, NEH Dr. Richard Hedrich, Director of Public Programs, NEH Dr. Herbert McArthur, Director of Education Programs, NEH Miss Nancy McCall, research assistant, Office of Planning and Analysis, NEH Mr. Richard McCarthy, assistant to the director, Office of Planning and Analysis, NEH Miss Laura Olson, Public Information Officer, NEH Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Spiritof Howard
    WINTER 11 magazine SpiritThe f o Howard 001 C1 Cover.indd 1 2/15/11 2:34 PM Editor’s Letter Volume 19, Number 2 PRESIDENT Sidney A. Ribeau, Ph.D. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, COMMUNICATIONS AND MARKETING Thef Spirit o Howard Judi Moore Latta, Ph.D. EDITOR Raven Padgett Founders Library, named to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001, is such PUBLICATIONS SPECIALIST an iconic structure. While the clock tower that sits atop the library is one of the most LaShandra N. Gary recognizable physical symbols of Howard, the collection of history housed within CONTRIBUTING WRITERS the building may best represent the spirit of the University. Erin Evans, Sholnn Freeman, Damien T. The Moorland-Spingarn Research Center preserves centuries of African and Frierson, M.S.W., Fern Gillespie, African-American history. Snapshots of history archived in the center include docu- Kerry-Ann Hamilton, Ph.D., Ron Harris, ments, photographs and objects that help piece together an often fragmented story. Shayla Hart, Melanie Holmes, Otesa Middleton Miles, Andre Nicholson, Ashley FImagine reading firsthand the words of Olaudah Equiano, a former slave whose 1789 Travers, Grace I. Virtue, Ph.D. narrative is one of the earliest known examples of published writings by an African writer. Moorland-Spingarn holds at least one copy of the eight editions, including CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHERS a signed version. Other relics include 17th-century maps, 18th- and 19th-century Ceasar, Kerry-Ann Hamilton, Ph.D., masks, hundreds of periodicals and 30,000 bound volumes on the African Diaspora. Marvin T. Jones, Justin D. Knight This jewel on the yard is a unique structure that attracts scholars from all over the world, providing access to treasures that educate and enlighten.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings, 1963
    . 7^e 'putcvte *?&ime%& *£ rfm&Uca NATIONAL t/iCONVENTION S6PROCEEDINGS Municipal Auditorium Kansas City, Missouri THIRTY-FIVE YEARS . Developing Agriculture, Leadership, Citizenship and Patriotism October 9-11, 1963 NATIONAL FFA OFFICERS President, Kenny McMillan, Bushnell, Illinois Vice President, Jerry Diefenderfer, San Luis Obispo, California Vice President, Duane Leach, Winnebago, Minnesota Vice President, Richard Mottolo, Andover, Massachusetts Vice President, Larry Whittington, Angier, North Carolina Student Secretary, Vern France, Gooding, Idaho Advisor, A. W. Tenney, Office of Education, Washington, D. C. Executive Secretary, Wm. Paul Gray, Office of Education, Wash- ington, D. C. Treasurer, J. M. Campbell, State Board of Education, Richmond, Virginia NATIONAL FFA BOARD OF DIRECTORS A. W. Tenney, Office of Education, Washington, D. C. Harold F. Duis, Office of Education, Washington, D. C. M. C. Gaar, Office of Education, Washington, D. C. H. N. Hunsicker, Office of Education, Washington, D. C. E. J. Johnson, Office of Education, Washington, D. C. N. D. Andrew, State Director, Agricultural Education, Concord, New Hampshire J. G. Bryant, State Supervisor, Agricultural Education, Atlanta, Georgia C. C. Eustace, State Supervisor, Agricultural Education, Topeka, Kansas T. Horii, Program Specialist, Agricultural Education, Honolulu, Hawaii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page National Directors Inside Cover Introduction Ill TheFFAat35 V Official Delegates VII Convention Program IX Minutes of the 36th National Convention 13 Wednesday, October 9 13 Thursday, October 10 25 Friday, October 11 30 Convention Addresses: Ilus W. Davis 34 Donald N. McDowell 34 John H. Reed 35 Mary Ann Beyer 36 Diana Leonard 36 Herschel D. Newsom 37 J. W. Keener 37 Orville L. Freeman 38 Kenny McMillan 39 Robert L.
    [Show full text]
  • 25517 Annual Report
    [Show full text]
  • June 23, 1952, NIH Record, Vol. IV, No. 12
    record PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY Vol. IV, No. 12 - 23 June 1952 NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH HIDDEN VALUES IN FEDERAL SERVICE Higher salaries in private indus­ try are not always pure profit for the ex-Federal employee. Hidden values obtained from Government service are often overlooked, states Warren B. Irons, Chief of the Re­ tirement Division, Civil Service Commission. Mr. Irons refers specifically to the value of the protection provided by the Civil Service Retirement Act in three areas--survivorship protection, disability protection, and retirement benefits. In leaving Federal service, says Mr. Irons, perhaps the most seri­ ous loss is in survivorship protec­ NATIONAL INSTUTION FOR YORE HEALTH tion. The employee who leaves the Government before he is eligible to AI though the name of NTH was s 1 i i^ht ly jumbled, the boiler pic- retire, destroys all survivorship tared above was delivered with no problems. protection for his family. All that is payable upon his death is the re­ turn of his credit in the retirement LAB WORKERS PREVIEW McCULLOUGH NAMED fund. No monthly payments can be made to his family. NEW FILMSTRIP SERIES TO NEW NMI POST A number of NIH laboratory Dr. Norman B. McCuUough was Another serious loss is in dis­ workers turned into film critics recently appointed Chief of Clinical ability protection. No worker who recently when they were called Research at N MI. becomes disabled is provided for upon to preview and judge two film- The newly established unit which rnore liberally than the Federal strips on laboratory training. Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific Lutheran College Bulletin
    Pacific Lutheran College Bulletin Catalog 1937-/938 Parkland, Washington DEDICATION N the occasion of the O Swedish Tercentenary Pa­ cific Lutheran College accords due recognition to the Swedish contribution to American life through three hundred years, 1638 ·1938 Pacific Lutheran College Bulletin Volume xvrn MAY. 1938 No.1 CATALOG 1937-1938 e..Anl10uncements for 1938-1939 ===Parkland, Washington=== Published quarterly by Pacific Lutheran College at Tacoma and Parkland, Washington. Entered as second-class matter April 26, 1927, at the post office a.t Tacoma, Washington, under the Act of August 24, 1912. School Calendar SUMMER SESSION 1938 Registration begins 9 a. m. Monday, June 13 Classes begin 8:00 a. m. Tuesday, June 14 Independence Day, a holiday Monday, July 4 First Term ends Friday, July 15 Second Term begins Monday, July 18 Summer Session closes Friday, August 12 FIRST SEMESTER 1938 Registration begins 9 a. m. Monday, September 12 Formal Opening, 10: 15 a. m. Tuesday, September 13 Classes begin 11:10 a. m. Tuesday, September 13 First Quarter ends Friday, November 11 Thanksgiving Recess begins 3 :30 p. m. Wednesday, November 23 Thanksgiving Recess closes 8: 10 a. m. Monday, November 28 Christmas Recess begins 3:30 p. m. Friday, December 16 1939 Christmas Recess ends 8:10 a. m. Tuesday, January 3 Semester Examinations close Friday, January 27 SECOND SEMESTER Registration completed Monday, January 30 Washington's Birthday, a holiday Wednesday, February 22 Third Quarter ends Friday, March 31 Easter Recess begins 3:30 p. m. Wednesday, April 5 Easter Recess ends 8:10 a. m. Monday, April 11 Memorial Day, a holiday Tuesday, May 30 Class Ex ercises, 7:30 p.
    [Show full text]
  • Advisory Panel on Rare Disease (RDAP) Virtual Meeting: Winter 2020
    Advisory Panel on Rare Disease (RDAP) Virtual Meeting: Winter 2020 December 16, 2020 Nora McGhee, PhD Scott Berns, MD, MPH, FAAP Senior Program Officer, HDDR Chair, RDAP Staff Co-Chair, RDAP Doug Lindsay, BS Carly Khan, PhD, MPH, RN Co-Chair, RDAP Program Officer, HDDR Staff Co-Chair, RDAP Rohini Mohanraj, MHA Program Associate, Research Infrastructure Panel Coordinator, RDAP RDAP Chairs Scott Berns, MD, MPH Doug Lindsay, BS Chair, Advisory Panel on Rare Disease Co-Chair, Advisory Panel on Rare Disease Chief Executive Officer, National Personal Medical Consultant and Founder Institute for Children’s Health Quality of Doug Says LLC. 2 Housekeeping • Please note that today’s webinar is being recorded for posting on PCORI’s website. • Members of the public are invited to listen to the teleconference and view the webinar. • Meeting materials can be found on the PCORI website. The recording of the webinar will also be made available to the public after this event. • Anyone may submit a comment through the webinar chat function. • No public comment period is scheduled Please visit www.pcori.org/events for more information. 3 COI Statement Welcome to the Rare Disease Advisory Panel Winter 2020 virtual meeting. I want to remind everyone that disclosures of conflicts of interest of members of the Advisory Panel are publicly available on PCORI’s website. Members of the Rare Disease Advisory Panel are reminded to update your conflict-of-interest disclosures if the information has changed, in addition to completing your annual disclosure. You can do this by contacting your staff representative, Rohini Mohanraj.​ Finally, if the Rare Disease Advisory Panel will deliberate or act on a matter that presents a conflict of interest for you, please inform one of the co-chairs so we can discuss how to best address the issue.
    [Show full text]
  • MSC Response to the Review of the Clinical Excellence Award Scheme the Medical Schools Council the Medical Schools Council Repre
    Chair Professor Tony Weetman MD DSc FRCP FMedSci Executive Director Dr Katie Petty-Saphon MSC Response to the Review of the Clinical Excellence Award Scheme The Medical Schools Council The Medical Schools Council represents the interests and ambitions of the UK’s 32 Medical Schools as they relate to the generation of national health, wealth and knowledge through biomedical research and the profession of medicine. As an organisation it occupies a unique position embracing medical undergraduate education, the entirety of health related research and a critical interface with the health service. This response has been seen and agreed by all 32 member Medical Schools. Response The Medical Schools Council believes that the removal of national clinical excellence awards would, at a stroke, destroy the future clinical leadership of the UK and inflict potentially terminal damage upon both the provision of cutting edge patient care and upon the UK’s health economy. In its submission the MSC wishes to focus on the particular issues surrounding clinical academics. There is clear evidence that basic and clinical research lead to improved patient care and that such research also links directly to wealth gain through the pharmaceutical and related industries. Clinical academics play a crucial role at the fulcrum of the triangular relationship between the NHS, the University sector and the Pharmaceutical/Medical Devices industry. If clinical excellence awards were withdrawn a brain drain would result, with a disastrous impact on R & D, on innovation in the NHS and on the UK’s economy. The national CEA scheme is critical to the recruitment and retention of senior clinical academic and other senior clinical staff in the UK’s clinical academic centres.
    [Show full text]
  • Uclamedicine
    SUMMEr 2011 uclaMEDICINE ASurgSeonescatoUnCLdA peHrforamnfirdst h,aand Straenscploannt indthCe Whestaernn Uc.Se. Foreign Exchange Partnership with Chinese university opens the door to broader global reach A New Paradigm UCLA puts patients front and center Sisterhood Female philanthropists support research in women’s health Conversation Dr. Mario C. Deng takes heart Spring11_Cover.FINAL.indd 1 6/9/11 12:36 PM UCla mEdiCiNE inside This issue sPRinG 2011 • voluMe 31 nuMbeR 1 01 • Leadership A PublicATion oF The From the dean: Recommitting ourselves to basic research. DAviD GeFFen school oF MeDicine AT uclA by a. eugene washington, m.d., m.sc. ChAnCELLor Gene D. block 02 • The Cutting Edge News and research: The pain of loneliness. ViCE ChAnCELLor, UCLA hEALTh SCiEnCES DEAn, DAViD GEFFEn SChooL • oF MEDiCinE AT UCLA 08 Conversation GErALD S. LEVEy, M.D., EnDoWED ChAir Dr. Mario C. Deng, medical director of the Advanced A. euGene WAshinGTon, M.D., M.sc. Heart Failure, Mechanical Circulatory Support and Heart Transplant Program. DirECTor, MArkETinG PATTie cuen FEatUrEs MAnAGEr, MArkETinG CoMMUniCATionS JuDi GooDFRienD 12 • A Second hand, a Second Chance The first hand transplant in the Western U.S. offers EDiTor a young mother renewed hope. by david greenwald DAviD GReenWAlD DESiGn DirECTor 18 • Foreign Exchange susAn lAnDesMAnn UCLA’s partnership with a medical school in China opens the door to broader global reach. by justin bergman ConTribUTinG WriTErS JusTin beRGMAn • MonA GAble 22 A new Paradigm DAn GoRDon UCLA moves toward a more integrated approach to o r kiM koWsky providing care. by dan gordon u k u MARk s.
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Transportation
    ANNUAL PRIVATIZATION REPORT: SURFACE TRANSPORTATION by Baruch Feigenbaum and Peter Smet Project Director: Austill Stuart September 2019 Reason Foundation’s mission is to advance a free society by developing, applying and promoting libertarian principles, including individual liberty, free markets and the rule of law. We use journalism and public policy research to influence the frameworks and actions of policymakers, journalists and opinion leaders. Reason Foundation’s nonpartisan public policy research promotes choice, competition and a dynamic market economy as the foundation for human dignity and progress. Reason produces rigorous, peer- reviewed research and directly engages the policy process, seeking strategies that emphasize cooperation, flexibility, local knowledge and results. Through practical and innovative approaches to complex problems, Reason seeks to change the way people think about issues, and promote policies that allow and encourage individuals and voluntary institutions to flourish. Reason Foundation is a tax-exempt research and education organization as defined under IRS code 501(c)(3). Reason Foundation is supported by voluntary contributions from individuals, foundations and corporations. The views are those of the author, not necessarily those of Reason Foundation or its trustees. TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 GLOBAL OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................. 1 PART 2 INTERNATIONAL HIGHWAY INFRASTRUCTURE: 2018 ..................................................
    [Show full text]
  • International Cohorts Summit
    MEETING SUMMARY Duke University JB Duke Hotel, Ballroom ABC, 230 Science Dr, Durham, North Carolina, USA March 26-27, 2018 Hosted by the Global Genomic Medicine Collaborative (G2MC) Vision for success: A GLOBAL PLATFORM FOR TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH (COHORT TO BEDSIDE AND COHORT TO BENCH), INFORMING BIOLOGICAL/GENETIC BASIS FOR DISEASE AND IMPACT ON CLINICAL CARE AND POPULATION HEALTH EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The International Cohorts Summit, hosted by the Global Genomic Medicine Collaborative (G2MC, https://g2mc.org/) at Duke University in Durham, NC on March 26-27, 2018, and sponsored by All of Us, National Institutes of Health, Medical Research Council, and Wellcome Trust, was conceived in 2015 by NIH and endorsed in June 2016 by the Heads of International Research Organizations (HIROs). The vision for success from this meeting and future collaborations is the creation of a global platform for translational research (cohort to bedside and cohort to bench), informing biological/genetic basis for disease and impact on clinical care and population health. Cohorts represented at the Summit were selected based on 4 criteria: having 100K participants or more, not being disease-specific, having available biospecimens, and having at least the potential for longitudinal follow-up of participants. Approximately 100 investigators from 24 countries representing 60 cohort studies attended and represented greater than 25 million people at their current sizes and greater than 36 million based on future recruitment targets, some with available data from the 1960s. From a pre-meeting survey, the majority of the represented cohorts have samples available, including DNA and genotyping, and almost half have whole genomic/exome sequencing data on at least some samples.
    [Show full text]
  • An Examination of Fatal Shootings of Unarmed Black People by Police
    Armed and Dangerous? An Examination of Fatal Shootings of Unarmed Black People by Police by Cassandra Chaney, Ph.D. [email protected] Associate Professor, College of Human Sciences and Education, School of Social Work, Department of Child and Family Studies, Louisiana State University & Ray V. Robertson, Ph.D. [email protected] Associate Professor of Sociology, Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University Abstract Given the increasing number of unarmed Black men murdered by members of law enforcement, specifically the deaths of 78 Black unarmed males and females between 1999 and 2015, this study will examine whether the policemen involved in these murders were indicted. Through the use of Critical Race Theory (CRT), the following three questions were foundational to this study: (1) How does the murder of unarmed Black people by police support White Supremacy? (2) What do non-indictments of police suggest about the lives of unarmed Black people? (3) How does the murder of unarmed Black people escalate individual, familial, and communal mistrust of police? Content analysis of the data revealed the murder of unarmed Blacks supports White Supremacy by advancing the racist legacy of citizen slave patrols that were initiated during slavery, assumes that Blacks are dangerous, sub-human, and inherently criminal, and results in little personal accountability for Black murder among members of law enforcement. In general, officers are not indicted for the murder of Blacks, which suggests the lives of Blacks have no value. Ultimately, the death of unarmed Black people greatly undermines the confidence members of this group have in police and increases the likelihood they will regard law enforcement as a threat to their individual, family, and communal safety.
    [Show full text]