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Ben Franklin Booksellers, Dept. E • 27 South King Street· Leesburg, VA '22f.)75 • (703) m-3661 Founder and Contributing Editor: Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr. Editor: Nora Hamerman Managing Editors: John Sigerson. Susan Welsh From the Editor Assistant Managing Editor: Ronald Kokinda Editorial Board: Warren Hamerman, Melvin Klenetsky, Antony Papert, Gerald Rose, Allen Salisbury, Edward Spannaus, Nancy Spannaus. e have timed publication of this Feature package to coincide Webster Tarpley, Carol White, Christopher W White with the debate in Congress over the nomination of Clarence Thomas Science and Technology: Carol White to the Supreme Court, to fill the vacancy left when Thurgood Mar­ Richard Freeman Special Services: shall suddenly announced his resignation last summer. We suspect Book Editor: Katherine Notley Advertising Director: Marsha Freeman that the debate will pivot, as most of the press commentary has, Circulation Manager: Stanley Ezrol around the wrong issues. The real issue is that the Rehnquist Court INTELLIGENCE DIRECTORS: has put the Bill of Rights and the U.S. Constitution itself behind Agriculture: Marcia Merry Asia: Linda de Hoyos bars. (See also the book review on page 51 for a bit of the pre-history Counterintelligence: Jeffrey Steinberg, of this kind of American "justice.") Paul Goldstein Economics: Christopher White The picture presented in our cover Feature will be particularly European Economics: William Engdahl shocking for many in the newly liberated republics of central and lbero-America: Robyn Quijano, Dennis Small Medicine: John Grauerholz. M.D. eastern Europe and Asia. As they bury the corpses of Marxist totali­ Soviet Union and Eastern Europe: Rachel Douglas. Konstantin George tarianism and look to the West, especially the United States, for Special Projects: Mark Burdman assistance in developing a free society, the Bush administration will United States: Kathleen Klenetsky likely be offering them more "models" and "technical guidance" INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS: Bangkok: Pakdee Tanapura, Sophie Tanapura than concrete aid. We even hear that the U.S. government wants to Bogota: Jose Restrepo offer to loan Baghdad some of our judges (!) under the apprehension Bonn: George Gregory, Rainer Apel Copenbagen: Poul Rasmussen that Iraq is more in need of support for a faltering judicial system, Houston: Harley Schlanger than it is of food, water, medicine, and infrastructure. Lima: Sara Madueiio Mexico City: Hugo Lopez Ochoa More and more of the world will be looking with hope to the Milan: Leonardo Servadio alternative coming out of the United States, the: philosophical and New Delhi: Susan Maitra Paris: Christine Bierre political current associated with Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr. In the Rio de Janeiro: Silvia Palacios Economics section we present the first installment of a programmatic Rome: Stefania Sacchi Stockholm: Michael Ericson statement about the principles upon which the former socialist bloc Washington. D.C.: William Jones can be rebuilt, by Jonathan Tennenbaum, an associate of Mr. Wiesbaden: Goran Haglund LaRouche who lives in Germany. Tennenbaum recently compared

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December by EIR News Service Inc. . 3331f2 cultivate the soil, add fertilizer, ensure adequate water, and protect Pennsylvania Ave., S.E .. 2nd Floor, Washington, DC 20003. (202) 544-7010. the crops from weeds and pests. This is not the oppressive control European Hetulq/Ull'k,..: Executive Intelligence Review of socialist collective ownership, nor is it the Adam Smith "free Nacbrichtenagentur GmbH, Postfach 2308, Dotzheimerstrasse 166,0-6200 Wiesbaden, Federal market" approach, which as any good gardener can tell you, will Republic of Gennany Tel: (0611) 8840. Executive Directors: Anno Hellenbroich, ensure the triumph of the weeds and pests over the desirable plants. Michael Liebig In Denmark: EIR, Post Box 2613. 2100 Copenhagen 0E, The philosophical association founded by LaRouche held a major Tel. 35-43 60 40 conference in Alexandria, Virginia over Labor Day weekend. A In Mexico: EIR, Francisco Diaz Covarrubias 54 A-3 Colonia San Rafael, Mexico OF. Tel: 705-1295. report, and LaRouche's address to that conference, lead our National Japan subscription sales: O.T.O. Research Corporation, Takeuchi Bldg., 1-34-12 Takatanobaba, Shinjuku-Ku, section. Tokyo 160. Tel: (03) 208-7821. Copyright © 1991 EIR News Service. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission strictly prohibited. Second-class postage paid at Washington D.C., and at an additional mailing offices. Domestic subscriptions: 3 months-$125,6 months-$225, I year-$396,Single issue-$IO Postmaster: Send all address changes to EIR, P.O. Box 17390, Washington, D.C. 20041-0390. TIillContents

Interviews Departments Economics

31 Clinton Roberson 16 Andean Report 4 The Salomon Brothers The president of the African Gaviria floors free trade debacle is spreading American Lawyers Association accelerator. With the scandal around the leading tells how the U.S. Constitution is brokerage for U.S. Treasury being ripped up. 18 Report from Bonn Securities, and the "budget An all-Europe economic agreement" about to collapse, 32 Bruce C. Franche community. Brady and Greenspan may be deep­ A member of the national executive sixed by the Bush "recovery." board of the National Association 19 From New Delhi of Criminal Defense Lawyers Another milestone in space science. 6 For the economic discusses the degeneration in reconstruction of the new, American law under the Rehnquist 45 Panama Report former Soviet republics Supreme Court. Learning the "American Way." Jonathan Tennenbaum, director of the Fusion Energy Forum in 72 Editorial Germany, lays out guidelines based Books Hope for humanity. on Lyndon LaRouche's "American System" economics. 48 Tell the truth about the Documentation: Statement of German rocket scientists principles for recovery of the East. Secret Agenda, by Linda Hunt. 10 Europe is challenged to 51 Holmes court paved way expand ties with Southeast for Nazi race hygiene Asian nations group The Sterilization o/Carrie Buck, by J. David Smith and K. Ray Nelson. 12 Currency Rates

54 Before Bush, there was 13 Third World stalls eco­ Duranty: the coverup of fascist 'Eco-92' Ukraine's holocaust Stalin's Apologist: Walter Dumnty, 14 Desalination: the challenge the New York Times's Man in of the '90s Moscow, by S.J. Taylor.

15 Libya turns on the Great Man-Made River

17 Agriculture Cartels back "animal welfare."

20 Business Briefs Volume 18. Number35. September 13. 1991

Feature International National

34 U.S.S.R. dead; S6 LaRouche movement sets chauvinism, 'shock '92 campaign agenda for therapy' rebutTed U.S. With the historic emergence of a The International Caucus of Labor "loose confederation of sovereign, Committees and the U.S. Schiller independent republics," Gorbachov Institute met near the U.S. capital is politically dead, and his to discuss the formation of a predecessor V.I. Lenin may even "community of principle" among be finally buried. nations for development.

The Constitution of the United States itself is being Documentation: The resolution of put behind bars by a Supreme Court bostile to the 36 Hunger winter could the European Committee "Peace spirit and often, to the letter of the law. imperil new republics Through Development of All Europe." 22 Justice Rehnquist led the 37 Lithuanian President still U.S. into a police state tells the truth S9 LaRouche: Aristotle is the The Chief Justice of the Supreme root of the evll we confront Court believes that a citizen has no today rights which the courts are bound to 38 France is fed up with A message to the conference of the protect. Edward Spannaus reports Mitterrand's policy ICLC from its imprisoned founder. on the fraud of a "conservative" Boosting the Moscow coup-makers Lyndon LaRouche. who has no commitment to on Aug. 19 was just about the last preserving anything, especially not straw. the most sacred principles of the 66 What the devil has gotten American political system. 40 War clouds on the horizon into Omaha 'wizard' in Sri Lanka Warren ButTett? 27 The U.S. Constitution: tough on tyranny, not soft 42 U.N. Human Rights body 68 Did Bush's CIA run drugs on crime passes strong from Colombia? During the Rehnquist years, the Bill condemnation of Israel of Rights has been whittled away. 69 Elephants and Donkeys 44 China waits for the volcano Open convention---or brokered 29 The Justice Department's to erupt convention totalitarian blueprint 46 International Intelligence 70 National News 31 Power,not reason, governing high court An interview with Clinton Roberson.

32 U.S. law moving in dangerous direction An interview with Bruce C. Franche. �ITillEconomics

The Salomon Brothers debacle is spreading

by Chris White

The crisis around Salomon Brothers' rigging of the more than than the bids Salomon was making. There's good reason to $2 trillion annual market in U.S. government securities, is assume that, since Salomon,. according to Japanese traders, the most visible evidence of thepotential for an earthquake in has been accustomed to act on behalf of the other dealers U .S. credit markets and dollar-based monetaryarran gements anyway. There goes the market in U.S. government securi­ this fall. ties, and the U.S. dollar. The reality is that the crimes admitted by Salomon's for­ Far-fetched? The Swiss-bilsedBank for InternationalSet­ mer team of directors under John Gutfreund-the model for tlements (BIS), the central b8nkers' central bank, charged in what the company's traderscall a "big swinging dick"-have its last annual report, that reported flows of funds into and been the principal means by which the U.S. Treasury has out of the United States and Japan are riddled with discrepan­ marketed its debt over the past period. But with Treasury cies: that the accounts do not match up. Unstated was the debt sales and refinancingrequirements now running at $500 charge that both the U.S. and Japan have been cooking the billion every three months, what will they do for an encore? books to maintain the appearance that all is well. The Salo­ The sane approach would be to admit that the govern­ mon case says that the BIS was right. Maybe the 135 subpoe­ ment's mounting funding requirements reflect the bankrupt­ nas which have been issued to all dealers in the primary and cy which has destroyedsavings and loan associations, insur­ secondary markets in U.S. government securities will help ance companies, commercial banks, and pension funds, and produce some more proof. the depression which has destroyed the revenue base at all levels of government, and to return to the kind of credit and The budget, and the presidential election financing system which is provided for in Article I of the The crisis at Salomon coincides with another crisis U.S. Constitution. This has been proposed repeatedly by around the funding of U.S. government debt. Last year's Bush's political prisoner Lyndon LaRouche since the late budget agreement, designed in part to keep budget fightsout 1970s. Return to Treasury issuance of gold-backed reserve of the limelight until afterthe 1992 presidential election, was notes, eliminate the Keynesian financial multiplier effect of a complete fraud. The economic collapse has undermined Federal Reserve money-market management, and use the that budget agreement, revenues have collapsed, more has credit issued for productive investment in industry, agricul­ had to be put into S&Ls than was provided for, and unem­ ture , and infrastructure development, to generate wealth and ployment has reached crisis proportions. useful skilled employment. Opportunistically, U. S. legislators have seized on the But Treasury Secretary Nicholas Brady, Federal Reserve developments inside the former Soviet Union, as a weapon chairman Alan Greenspan, and the other financial muckety­ to use against the disastrous two-year budget pact concluded mucks insist that they have the power to keep such matters in October 1990. Sen. Bill Bradley (D-N.J.) and Rep. Les under control. What idiots! They insist that since Treasury Aspin (D-Wisc.) now insist that "changed circumstances" in security issues have generallybeen oversubscribed, there is no the former Soviet Union make the budget agreement obso­ problem with continuing to do what they have been doing lete. The two have been angrily denounced by PresidentBush hitherto. and Defense Secretary Richard Cheney, for their proposal to Well, suppose most of those bids have been no more real review defense spending in order to provide funds to aid the

4 Economics EIR September 13, 1991 fonner Soviet republics and to cover domestic expenditure Salomon's debt rating downgraded requirements. Thirteen billion dollars of Salomon Brothers' debt was Whatever Bradley and Aspin might be up to, there's downgraded by Moody's Investors' Services rating agency much more involved than another Washington dog and pony on Aug. 29. Standard and Poors subsequently followed show about the defense budget. And it is quite relevant to Moody's. Salomon is said to have an annual fundingrequire­ what is unfolding around the Salomon case. ment of about $120 billion, and it is expected thatthe invest­ ment house is going to have to begin to unload some of its The unemployment crisis assets by the middle of September, when $2 billion of its The number of Americans who exhausted unemployment present credit lines come up for refinancing. benefitsduring the month of July was morethan 300,000.This Moody's acted because of "uncertainties" about how it is the highest one-month total in at least 40years. By the end will fare in ongoing civil and criminal investigations. Inter­ of this year, according to the Washington, D. C. -based Center estingly, beyond the government'scriminal investigation, at on Budget and Policy Priorities, the number of Americans least three class action lawsuits have been filedby sharehold­ who run out of unemployment insurance will exceed that of ers and investors in the state of Delaware. These lawsuits any yearsince the unemployment insurance program was es­ seek redress from all Salomon's directors, including Warren tablished during the Depression of the 1930s. During thefirst Buffett and the team which is now taking over the company seven months of this year, 1. 8 millio� Americans exhausted under his direction. It is alleged that all directors knew, and their benefits. With a six-month lag between losing employ­ benefitedfrom, the alleged crimes which were perpetratedby ment and exhausting insurance benefits,hardly any of those the brokerage finnin attempting to monopolize government who lost their jobs this year have yet been added to thatnum­ security auctions. ber. And this, of course, is theofficial lie; the realityis much Meanwhile, the government's investigation of market worse. The inevitable increasein unemployment over the next rigging has expanded to encompass the secondary market, months is certain to fuela growing political crisis, especially that is, those who buy from primary dealers like Salomon. when added to the growing ranks of the homeless. One hundred and thirty-five subpoenas have been issued by Yet, within the frameworkof last year'sbudget agreement, the Securities and Exchange Commission to finns participat­ federal funds cannot be provided for the unemployed without ing in the secondary market. In addition, three House com­ eithercutting otherareas of expenditure--anddefense anddebt mittees and one Senate committee will begin investigations service are the only real candidates----or declaring a state of soon. And, the state of Missouri has taken the initiative to economic emergency. Something will have to give. But this fonn a national task force, made up of representatives of the now comes forwardexactly as the entire procedure for financing states, to investigate crimes committed against state agen­ the government's debt is called into question. cies. Texas, Wisconsin, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Cali­ In a strange coincidence, on Aug. 19, right on the eve of fornia,and Colorado have all withdrawn their business from the Russian coup-plotters' declaration of a state of emergen­ the company. cy, Bush, vacationing in Kennebunkport,Maine, refused to Moody's downgrade of the investment house's debt is declare his own state of emergency. Such a declaration then the first since the Drexel Burnham case one and a half years would have made it possible to release $5.2 billion to finance ago. Drexel Burnham ended up in the bankruptcy court, the extension of unemployment benefitsfor 26 weeks beyond where it can be expected that Salomon Brothers will soonbe the 26-week standard, which had been voted up overwhelm­ headed. ingly by both House and Senate before the August recess. There is more to it though. Attention is also drawn to the The funding crisis in unemployment benefits affects other actions of a secretive committee, made up of representatives social programs, such as health care,education, and welfare. of the Treasury, the New York Federal Reserve, and the Bush chooses instead to put his faith in what he calls ''the primary dealers. This committee meets each quarter, during Recovery." the w�k before the U.S. government's quarterly refinanc­ What Bush refused to do on Aug. 19, and again when he ing, to decide how the auction would be organized. It seems rejected the Bradley-Aspin proposal, he may be compelled it is only a matter of time before the entirety of the process to do after Congress returns to Washington on Sept. to. At by which the U.S. governmentmarkets its debt is called into thattime, Congress will take up a proposal to provide funding question. Salomon Brothers provided the chainnan of this for the extension of unemployment benefits by cutting back committee until the end of August, when a representative the defense budget. As the numbers of benefit-less unem­ from Bear Steams replaced the disgraced Salomon represen­ ployed climb to 3 million and then 4 million, and thus become tative. a more visible part of the economic collapse than they are The combination of the crimes at Salomon Brothers, and now, Bush will find out how much good his faith in the the crisis around the fake budget, may well tum out to be "Recovery" will do him. more than Brady, Greenspan, and company are capable of But that brings us back to Salomon. handling.

EIR September 13, 1991 Economics 5 For the economic reconstruction of the new, fonner Soviet republics by Jonathan Tennenbaum

The fo llowing was prepared to serve as a guideline fo r the high. Yet it is in fact catastrophically low. The solution of economic recovery of the new republics fo rmed fr om the this paradox lies above all in the fact that "capital intensity" fo rmerSoviet Union. Dr. Jonathan Tennenbaum, who is the is not a scalar magnitude, and thus not a pure quantity, but director of the Fusion Energy Forum in Germany, analyzes obeys qualitative "geometric"laws. the reasons behind, and the solutions to, the current crisis. The role of the 'Mittelstand' It has been rightly pointed out fromdifferent sides that large­ Decisive in this is the role of a strong productiveMi ttel­ scale economic help for the republics of the Soviet Union stand, those small and medium-sized firmswhich play a key could only have a permanent,positive effect if this help were role in technological advancement and modernization. This tied to a profound reform of the structureof the economy. In in Russia itself never had a chance. Only with the agrarian its form hitherto, the Soviet economy has functioned rather reform proposed at the beginning of the century by Count like a "black hole," which swallowed unbelievable masses of Sergei Witte, and later carried out in a more circumscribed raw materials as it looted people'swealth, which disappeared manner by Stolypin, was there even the possibility that there without a trace. If one recognizes the colossal inefficiencyof could arise a broad agricultural Mittelstand, out of which the the Soviet economy and their enormous military expendi­ industrial Mittelstand might have formed itself "organi­ tures, the thought easily comes to mind that pumping in cally." additional aid would be completely useless, and that it is This development, however, was nipped in the bud by entirely a question of structural and organizational changes. the Bolsheviks, and indeed quite consciously so. Leninhad Similar thoughts are often misused for legitimizing the aus­ justly said that the rise of a broad layer of middle class entre­ terity policy of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) , in preneurs would signify a deadly danger to communist rule. that the assertion is made that first one must learn to deal What the Bolsheviks implemented in the name of socialism sparingly with financial and material resources before eco­ within the Soviet empire, was a ne01eudal economic order. nomic growth becomes possible. Yet, this argument contains The fact that the Soviet Union has a massive heavy industry a fundamental, dangerous mistake. and an advanced military industry, does not change thefun­ damental social structure. The unparalleled inefficiencyand Massive investment is necessary irrationality of the Soviet economy follows "organically" It is true that the economy of the former Soviet Union from its underlying feudal structure. might be quite capable of further devouring huge masses of Given the neo-feudal economic system of the formerSo­ economic aid without effecting any noticeable improvement viet Union, the approach used by Freiherr vom Stein in the in the economy. Only the converse is also wrong, which Prussian reforms is in essence also valid here. Above all, above all the Germans have recognized from the example private initiative, the productive power of the individual, of the former German Democratic Republic: A process of must be freed from feudal-bureaucratic chains and deliber­ profound structural transformation in the positive sense is ately favored by the newly formed state. As vom Stein recog­ not possible without enormous appropriate investment. nized at the time, a substantial, across-the-board increase The problem can be clarified by means of an apparent of domestic productivity can only be attained through the paradox: In the Soviet economy, the center of gravity lies in formation of a broad Mittelstand, which at the same time the production of capital goods, foremost being the produc­ forms the indispensable foundation for a free political sys­ tion of machine tools and great masses of steel, cement, tem. Yet such a Mittelstand does not arise merely through electricity, etc. If you look at production statistics, you would liberalization or administrative measures, but rather needs a think the capital-intensity of the Soviet Union to be very corresponding material basis. And it is precisely for this

6 Economics EIR September 13, 1991 "The Economic Renaissance of Ukraine" in Kiev on June 14-16 was the theme of a conference sponsored by the Rukh democratic movement. Invited Schiller Institute

.c speakers (not shown '_1 here) faced down the "Harvard mafia" with d! the sound economic ! principles elaborated by Tennenbaum in the � ' � article here.

reason that the austerity policies of Harvard's Prof. Jeffrey This example underscores the fact, that the urgently nec­ Sachs and his Polish-model "shock therapy" lead into such a essary buildup of a broad productive Mittelstand in the re­ dangerous blind alley. gions of the former Soviet Union is indissolubly linked to a rapid increase of the effective capital intensity of the econo­ Agriculture in Germany and the Soviet Union my. The one cannot occur without the other. This becomes clear when one considers the difference Correspondingly, we findon the list of priorities for com­ between the structure of agriculture in westernGermany and petent economic reform, the building up of a well-provided virtually all regions of the Soviet Union. Nominally, Soviet marketfor the most necessary means of production-such as agriculture would appear to be highly mechanized. Yet, if building materials, raw materials, tools, and simple machine we compare the equipment of a typical German family farm tools. Free access to capital goods is more important than the with a Soviet collective farm relative to the area under culti­ availability of consumer goods, for only in this way can vation as well as the use of manpower, right away we see a Mittelstand agriculture and consumer-goods industries, world of difference. What strikes you with the German fami­ which can richly provide for the population, even come into ly farm is the unusual abundance of high-quality equipment being. More important than supermarkets and department and tools of a high level of technology, the multitude of stores are the wholesalers of building materials and ma­ products from the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, chines, specialized firms for industry and agriCUlture, etc. and above all the immediate access to this rich palette of Everything which up until now the small and medium-sized products, which are either attainable off-the-shelf from spe­ producer had to "organize" to obtain at astronomical prices cialized firms or can be delivered within a short time. That on the black market, should now be obtainable through a is of course also true for replacement parts, which are in very well-ordered market. short supply in the Soviet Union. The provision of the German agricultural sector with such The disappearance of labor power a strongly differentiated "basket of goods"-without which The "socialist" economic disaster was maintained by en­ their high productivity were impossible-is linked to two tire armies of repairmen, who had to fritter their time away factors, which in the former Soviet Union are virtually com­ by keeping old and defective machines running "forever." pletely lacking: Provided with sufficient raw materials and tools, these people First, in Germany there exist, besides a large transporta­ might in the shortest time possible build up an immense tion and chemical industry, an enormous number of medium­ number of productive enterprises, through which the econo­ sized concerns, which provide the agricultural sector with my should undergo rapid growth in productivity. the broadest spectrum of products. Furthermore, large ag­ Hence, it were pure madness to allow existing heavy ricultural machines are repaired by medium-sized concerns industry, which must provide for the Mittelstand producer, (because of the current crisis, much more so in the past than to languish. It is just as senseless to shut down machine tool today). industries such as the Ursus Works in Poland, while, for Second, an outstanding logistics capability provides for example, large quantities of agricultural machinery-above the uninterrupted flow of capital goods to the individual ag­ all, such as would be suitable for family enterprises-are in ricultural concerns, of agricultural products to the processor, demand. and finally to the consumer. In tum, well-functioning logis­ A full program of building infrastructure is decisive for tics can only be based on a comprehensive transportation the rapid development of a Mittelstand and for the economy infrastructure. in general. Although it does provide the basis for the so-

EIR September 13, 1991 Economics 7 called "market economy," an efficient, dense transportation must be certain specific direct assistance to agriculture and infrastructure does not come into existence by the "free play the consumer goods industry, and finally-besidesnecessary of market forces." For that, only the state can and must foodstuffs-the delivery of consumer goods themselves. take responsibility, in which private enterprise, such as the construction industry, which works directly for or on conces­ sion from the state, generally plays a decisive role.

Infrastructure has priority Apart from linking up with the major transportation net­ Mter Socialism works-including that of the "Productive Triangle," a pro­ posal by Lyndon LaRouche for a Europe-sparked worldwide economic recovery, in central Europe in an area encom­ passing Paris, Berlin, and Vienna-in most of the regions of the former Soviet Union there is an urgent necessity to im­ prove the miserable condition of the highways and regional Statement of principles infrastructure in general. And connected to that, an improve­ ment in the provision of foodstuffs . for recoveryof theEast It were a complete illusion to expect that a task covering such a huge geographical area might be able to be taken up 1) For obvious reasons, we must firstget rid of the notion by foreign concerns; what can come from abroad are, above which would represent mere "liberalization" as the core of a all, highly productive capital goods. On the other hand, there healthy re-direction of the Soviet economy. should be discussion of to what degree the military can be 2) There is no country on Earththat has achieved, on the transformed into a corps of engineers, who would have the basis of the ideology of the liberal "free market economy," improvement of infrastructure as their primary task. The an enduring prosperity; rather, everywhere it has been pre­ equipment of such an engineering corps might come in part ponderant, this ideology has caused the impoverishment of from domestic machine tool production including converted the greater partof the population, and dangerous crises. This defense industries, from the import of the most modem con­ statement has been historically so thoroughly and repeatedly struction machinery, and other technologies. proven, that any doubt about it can only be based upon the Also available for building up regional infrastructure refusalto analyze the unfolding of history. would be that manpower which was in the past chronically 3) A domestic economy can only be developed if a sover­ under-utilized, for example in the agricultural collectives. eign state takes responsibilityfor this. The state must crank This process will cause regional construction firms to spring up economic development by means of appropriatemeasures up, the which will be of decisive significancefor future devel­ and guide it in a favorable ditection; it must foster the free opment. They will absorb the labor freed up by the gradual unfolding of productive activity, and protect against the dissolution of the socialist collective and, in the process, lay harmful influence of speculation and other misuses of the the basis for new, modem family-Mittelstand--concerns, market and the monetary system. which primarily come into existence locally or regionally. 4) The revelations of the "Art B" scandal in Poland pro­ In order to introduce such development and foster it, vide us with a terrifying example of the misuses which are classical means of developing a national economy, in the promoted by a blind liberalization in the sense of Jeffrey sense of the policies championed by Alexander Hamilton, Sachs's policies. A domestic economy which is not able to Friedrich List, Matthew Carey, Henry Carey, and Lyndon suppress such excrescences must inexorably go under. LaRouche, must be employed: state investment, tariff, cred­ 5) A certain measure of dirigism is thus without question it, and tax policies. necessary, although the "dirigistic" means-such as tariffs, Given the colossal dimensions of the tasks to be confront­ regulations, tax credits, and state subsidies, creationof cred­ ed, the economic aid of the western countries must be aimed it, and investments, etc. -are neither good nor bad in them­ at generating the greatest possible effect with the given selves. It all depends upon the underlying principles for means, and simultaneously upgrading the productive capaci­ which such political-economic tools are employed. On the ty of westernindustries through the policy of the "Productive basis of a competentknowledge of "physical economy," such Triangle." The greatest "leverage" will be achieved when as defined by Gottfried Leibniz, Hamilton, Carey, List, and the domain of the former Soviet Union will be "coupled" today LaRouche, the employment of these means would be infrastructurally to the European "Productive Triangle," overall rich in consequence, otherwise not. while at the same time concentrating logistical and technical 6) Therefore, we must look at a domestic economy as a aid upon improving domestic infrastructure and the modern­ garden, in which the state functions as gardener. The izing the capital goods producing industry. Added to that plants-hence the productive activityof the free entrepreneur

8 Economics EIR September 13, 1991 and employees-grow on their own; this growth does not individual regionsand republics in total economic dependency. allow itself to be prescribed (in the sense of the so-called Hence, the regions striving for independence find themselves planned economies) in detail, nor be bound by the restrictions in the unpleasant position of being absolutely incapable in the of a systems-analysis strait jacket. On the other hand, the short run of separating from the economy of the Union as a state as economic gardener must make sure to create the whole. Naturally, it was preciselythis I>ituationthat was intend­ best possible conditions for healthy growth. Just as a normal ed by the architects of the Soviet Unidn. Yet what is atissue is gardener must concernhimself with bringing water, fertiliz­ not a peculiarityof the "socialist"system; rather every empire­ er, and waging the battleagainst pestsand weeds, so the state andnot the leastthe British-hassought toforce subject peoples must be concerned with appropriate infrastructure, educa­ into similar dependent relations. tion, and health care for the citizens, with the appropriate 12) Hence, in the republics which wish to be indepen­ fostering of science, and many other cares.Also, a partof this dent, including the Russian Federaq,on, it is first necessary must be to protect the free entrepreneur against the "predatory to lay the basis for a genuine national economy. Resistance animals" of the marketplace, against the inordinate influence to this comes noticeably not only from the proponentsof the of strong privateinterests, both domestic and foreign. old system, but also fromcircles in tileWest who in principle 7) In this connection, a "well-ordered market"-if we wish to get rid of the institution of the sovereign nation state, use this term in the sense of having free access to goods and including the likes of Henry Kissiqger, Prince Philip, and services, and in thesense of a measuring rod to makea useful also George Bush. The latter, during his recent visit to (although not absolute) distinction between the individual Ukraine, unmistakeably expressed himself in favor of the entrepreneurand the consumer-plays an indispensable role. maintenance of the supranational-i.e., imperial-system Yet we must not deify the market nor overstate its domestic in the Soviet Union. significance. In the final analysis, the production and con­ 13) In no case should one nowjsh the illusion that the sumption of goods are immeasurably more important than mere abandonment of the planned �onomy might be suffi­ tradein thesame. Nor is competition in any way the primary cient to begin building a healthy economy. Quite the con­ wellspring of technological progress. More important is the trary: In the case of extremely diffe�ntiated relations of pro­ development and diffusionof technology, which stems from duction, an ill-considered liberalization would suffice to scientificprogress. bring about in the shortest time a catastrophic collapse of 8) Everything we have said to this point, belongs to "eco­ almost all branches of the economy. Precisely this has been nomic common sense," as this was self-evident at the time the result until today of Mikhail Gorl>achov's perestroika. of postwar reconstructionin West Germany. Alas, today we 14) The same basic law is true for economic reform as must repeat these self-evident points uncountable times in for a surgical intervention in medicine: During the operation order to rescue people from their befogged "market econo­ the patient must unconditionally be keptalive. The advocates my" ihinking. of so-called "shock therapy" of the IMF and Jeffrey Sachs naturally do not even want to hear aboutthis. They are enam­ The case of Russia ored only of their medicine; the lives of nations such as 9) With all the discussion of economic reform in the Poland or the entire Third Wodd fot them count for nothing Soviet Union, people have hardly bothered to make suffi­ at all. The cure ordered by them is worse than the disease. ciently clear either the starting point or the goal strived for. 15) The just-cited basic law dictates that providing people The starting point is a crumbled imperial economic order with food and other necessary goods (such as fuel in the which rests upon "primitive accumulation" (i.e., looting of winter) must be done without fail. resourcesand labor power) , organized according to the meth­ 16) Hence, one must not, in � name of "dismantling ods of a military command economy, and stretched out over the old structures" (no matter how jU$tified),destroy the basic a gigantic area containing many oppressed peoples, including health care, etc. of the population by lawless deregulation. eastern Europe. The goal to be strived for is a more or less However, it must be kept in mind that the "old structures" strictlyconnected systemof we II -functioning "national econ­ often sought to exploit their control. over basic carein order omies" in theclassical Listian sense. to, so to speak, take the popUlation hostage, and to use repres­ 10) As forthe reasons for thecollapse, we need use but few sion to block necessary reforms. This is clearly in part the words.It is importantto firmlyestablish that it does not suffice reason for the Soviet food crisis of the last several years. tomerely blame the "weaknesses of thesocialist planned econo­ 17) The fact is, the economy of the Soviet Union can my," in theabstract sense. Theso-called planned economy was absolutely not survive under present conditions and econom­ merelythe tool of theimperial system, and only in this concrete ic relations without massive imports of capital goods from 'connection can one understand and solve the many problems Europe. Hence, the most necessary deliveries, where at all which are to befaced by a genuine reform. possible, must be maintained. This, given today's uncertain 11) From the very beginning, for example, those in power monetary relations, can best be eff�cted based on barter ar­ in the Soviet Union consciously followed a policy which kept rangements.

EIR September 13, 1991 Economics 9 Europe is challenged to expand ties withSoutheast Asi an nations group by MaryM. Burdman

The spectacular beauty of the setting in the village of Alpbach land in attendance. Discussion of whether the EC could or in theAustrian Alps did not prevent political fireworksgoing should build a "bridge" between Asean and eastern Europe off at the Austrian College "Dialogue Congress of Europe set off sparks, as some leaders of European economic institu­ and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Asean)" tions insisted that the issue was " Asean's problem." Consid­ Aug. 29-31. The member states of Asean are Indonesia, ering the omissions in westernEurope's policy towardseast­ Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, and the em Europe so far-the failure to challenge the radical free­ Sultanates of Brunei and Borneo. market maniacs of the collapsing Anglo-American empire The nations of Europe were called on to take up their and build, in a crash program, the high-technology infra­ responsibility to the developing sector by leading representa­ structure easternEurope and the formerSoviet Union desper­ tives of such Asean nations as Malaysia and Indonesia. Asean ately need-that response is not surprising. influentials challenged the nations of Europe to take leader­ But certain of the representatives from the former com­ ship in promoting the interests of developing nations, and munist nations provided intriguing alternative views, which, especially to provide an alternative to the United States and again, challenged the participants to thinkin a different way. Japan. For example, Dr. Stanislav Slavicky, of the Department of But, as yet, Europe has been found lacking. Foreign Politics of the Office of the President of Czechoslo­ Most outspoken was Dat6 R. V. Navaratnam of Malaysia, vakia in Prague, noted that not only did Czechoslovakia have the executive director of Bank Buruh Berhad of Kuala Lum­ "lively and significant" ties with Southeast Asia, but also, pur, and formerly deputy secretary general of the Ministry ironically, its former intense relations with China and the of Finance and secretary general of the Ministry of Transport. nations of Indochina under the communist regime, means Navaratnam addressed the Economic Plenary of the confer­ that eastern Europe is well prepared for expanding relations ence, in a speech on "Industrial and Technical Cooperation with the nations of Asia. He also pointed out that Premier Between Asean and Europe-The Alternative to Japan and Marian Calfa was planning to visit Malaysia, Indonesia, the U.S.A.?" which was delivered with much irony and hu­ Thailand, and Brunei in May. in his capacity as head of a mor, and unsettled the business-as-usual mood that some governmentand tradeand industry delegation. might have preferred. It was a call to the leaders of the European Community (EC) and European Free Trade Asso­ Is Europe interested in Asia? ciation (Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Navaratnam began his provocative speechby emphasiz­ and Iceland) to stop raising the "bogey of Asean" and to act ing, as other Asean leaders did, the importance of EC-Asean as compassionate adults in relation to growing children, to cooperation. "Greater cooperation between Asean and the act as the powerful, highly industrialized nations they are, to EC is imperative, because they are both large international develop, rather than hinder, the nations of the South. economic groupings which need each other," he said. The The real question is, he said during discussion, "If Europe size of the Asean market, with a population of 315 million, is really interested in Asia. . . . All we ask is not to be is close to that of the combined 12 member states of theEC. prevented, stymied, or hijacked in our development." "A sean countries themselves need the EC, as Asean should His blunt words made many of the Europeans in atten­ not have to concentrate its trade, industrial relations, and dance, including senior officialsfrom the European Commu­ technical cooperation on the U.S. and Japan, or indeed the nity, quite uncomfortable and even indignant; but he provid­ PacificBasin alone," he said. ed a necessary and useful dose of reality. In Europe's overall interest, if it is not to become "For­ The conference was actually a three-way dialogue, for tress Europe," it must "look outward from its very inception there were a number of high-level representatives of the new­ in 1993. The EC's logical strategy therefore would be to ly independent nations of Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Po- strengthen its ties with Asean." Unless the EC does so, it

10 Economics EIR September 13, 1991 could "inadvertently become insular, isolated and a fortress," Economic Grouping proposed by Malaysian Prime Minister he said. "The EC will then be creating a sphere of influence Mahathir Mohammed. "The EAEG," he said, "would be a for Japan and the U.S. in the East Asian region. Is this consultative forum, to enable cooperation and consultation what Europe wants?" To take its proper leadership role in among like-minded countries, especially among Third World international trade, industrial development and technology nations." The EAEG, which has aroused great controversy, transfer,the EC must take steps now to increase cooperation has a precedent and parallelin Europe, Navaratnam pointed with other economic groups, especially Asean. out. This is the Pentagonale, founded in 1989 by the heads What is disturbing, he said, is the European attitude, of governmentof Austria, Italy, Hungary, Yugoslavia, and "Watch out for Asean." This is like David and Goliath. "Why Czechoslovakia (Poland has since joi,ned)."This forum [like is the adult afraid of the child?" Navaratnam asked. It is the proposed EAEG] discusses issues of common interest Europewhich has created the "Asean bogey." Also, unfortu­ before meeting with the Big Brothe� of Europe!"It would, nately, thereappears to be little interest in anything but talk­ indeed, be a great idea to continue this traditionof the Penta­ as in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) gonale even in the Single European Market after 1993, to negotiations, which Navaratnam called the "General Agree­ protect the interests of the smaller na�ions of Europe. ment to Talk and Talk." It is a mistake for the nations of At this, high-level EC and other officialswere overheard the North to talk of reciprocity, he said. It is like an adult in the hallways sputtering about Navaratnam's speech, call­ demanding that a child fighthim, on the adult's terms. ing it unfair and defending the EC's insistence on internal Asean's share of EC total imports is only 3%, Navarat­ Asean nations' transformations in the areas of human rights, nam said, with most Asean exports commodities and labor­ trade liberalization, etc. intensive manufactures. Both the volume and value of trade Other European representatives pointed more soberly to must be stepped up, he said, by reducing tariff and non­ some of the obstacles to moving in the direction Navaratnam tariff barriers, increasing technology transfer to Asean, and was espousing. encouraging EC investments into Asean. Dr. Ulrich Cartellieri, a member of the board of Deutsche EC investment into Asean in 1989 totaled about $2.7 Bank, pointed out some important problems for EC invest­ billion, comparedto $6 billion by Japan and $1.3 billion by ment into Asean. Although the EC has a "greater potential theUnited States. The EC investment came mainly from the than the U.S. or Japan," its produc;:tion is focused on the United Kingdom, France, and the Netherlands-the former "highly saturated" and highly specialized European market, colonial powers in the region-and some from Germany. where Germany does 70% of its trade. Europe is a poor This pattern,Navaratnam said, "reflectsthe historical coloni­ third in investment in Asean, he said, and most European al relationships with most of the Asean countries," which the investment is actually capitalization of European banks in new EC must take steps to change. "The EC would need to Asia, while Japan focuses on productive and industrial in­ harness the capital and technological resources of the EC as vestment. Europeis "keenly interested" in reducing Asean's a whole, to invest in Asean countries," rather than allowing overwhelming dependence on Japan, but wants to wait for the three former colonial nations to dominate the situation. the Asean integrated market. "Cooperation between Asean and theEC is not between One main difference between Europeand Japan, he said, equally strong economic partners," Navaratnam said. The is that 99.8% of German companies are small, family-owned EC must take the initiative in technology transfer and aid, entrepreneurs, the Mittelstand. meaning that the resourcesof because at this time there is not much that Asean nations can the individual industries are very limited for any big leap do, except provide opportunities. "In fact, if the EC does not such as investment in Asia, in contrast to the massive Japa­ take advantage of these Asean opportunities, then Japan and nese state-backed conglomerates. the U.S. will. The Japanese are already in the forefront, but Asean can afford and would welcome, more major front­ Longstanding ties runners like the EC." Europe must prepare for external as It is noteworthy that theEC has had longer-standing ties well as internal developments in 1993. Malaysia is already with Asean than with any other regional economic grouping preparing for thenext 30 years. in the world. Dialogue began in 1972, fiveyears afterAsean was established in 1967 and raised to ministerial level meet­ The upcoming Asean summit ings in 1977, which have continued ever since. Until World Asean will have its fourth summit in Singaporein January War II, European-Southeast Asian ties were much closer 1992, which will discuss greater economic cooperation than they currently are. After World War II, the Southeast among Asean members, which at this time is low. There is Asian nations sought the protection of the U. S. nuclear um­ now a strong move on, Navaratnam said, to establish an brella. But at the end of the Vietnam war, the "U.S. left Asean Free Trade Area and to gradually reduce preferential Southeast Asia to fend for itself politically and economical­ effective tariffs to zero on selected products. The summit ly," as one Asean officialpointedly said. The fall of Saigon could also lend stronger support to the proposed East Asian prompted far closer political cooperation among the Asean

EIR September 13, 1991 Economics 11 nations , and Japan came to play a far more important role . It is notable, however, that several Asean speakers tended to Currency Rates lump the U. S. and Japan together, with one officialprivately expressing the concern that Japan's actions could often be interpreted as those of a stalking horse for the U.S. in the The dollar in deutschemarks region. New York late afternoonfixin g The big areas of contention between Europe and Asean 1.80 are "human rights" and environmentalism. The human rights A. issue being used to pressure the Asean nations is that derived ,-- - 1.70 '" � V'.., from Thomas Hobbes's "social contract," and the Enlighten­ ment: isolated issues being used now as economic condition­ 1.60 alities. One high-level Asean nation official noted that the May dialogue meeting between EC and Asean ministers was 1.50 very tense , where the issue of human rights was made an immediate point of discussion, in an "almost emotional 1.40 7117 way." Asean ministers proposed several points for the new 7124 7131 8/7. 8/14 8/21 8/28 9/4 Cooperation Agreement to be signed between the EC and The dollar in yen Asean, including a trade forum and moves towards industrial New York late afternoon fixing cooperation, which were all rejected by the EC . Many Asean . officia ls, he said, were concerned that EC-Asean relations 160 were coming to a dead end. The reason for their concern was shown by Juan Prat, 150 director general of the North-South EC Commission. In his 140 speech at Alpbach, he departed from his prepared text to - - state: "I cannot believe we can talk about sustainable devel­ 130 opment without also talking about basic human rights . With­ out basic respect for the environment, we cannot achieve 120 what we want to achieve in economic terms ." 711 7 7124 7131 8n 8/14 8/21 8/28 9/4 Ahmad Kamil Jaafar, secretary general of the Ministry of Foreign Affairsin Malaysia, adequately answered Prat: "Devel­ The British pound in dollars New York late afternoonfixing opingcountries fear that thecreation of regional economic blocs among developed countries will be at their cost and will deny 1.90 them market access for their products . Traditional economic ties between developing countries and developed countries will 1.80 shrivel up as economic blocs turn their priorities elsewhere," he said. 'Theevolution of Europe into a single political entity 1.70 --- .... with its increasing tendency to champion 'burning issues of the V day,' purely from a Western perspective, has presented specific 1.60 V problems to Asean. . . . The EC has raisedthe issue of human 1.50 rights and environmental protection in the context of develop­ 7117 7124 7131 8/7 8/14 8/21 8/28 9/4 mental cooperation , thereby linking these two isses to the offer of assistance by the EC. The dollar in Swiss francs "Asean regards the EC 's treatment of the human rights New York late afternoonfixing and environment issues as a 'tendentious application' of Western norms and values in inter-state relations and has 1.60 categorically rejected such linkages to development assis­ 1.50 ""'" .-...... - - tance. Asean therefore welcomes the EC 's assurances in the "" � last Dialogue session [in Kuala Lumpur] that the EC will not 1.40 attempt to make these linkages in the future . "In the future when Europe has evolved into one of the 1.30 major global centers of power with a major role to play in the shaping of international affairs, it will be Asean's hope 1.20 that Europewill judiciously apply its influenceto protect and 71 17 7124 71.1 1 8/7 8/14 8/2 1 8/28 9/4 promote the interests of developing countries."

12 Economics EIR September 13, 199 1 Defense of sovereignty Ismail Razali, the leader of Malaysia's delegation, "turned diplomatic difficulty-did Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad mean it when he said his country might not tum up in Rio?-into a clarion call for development," Crosscur­ Third Wo rld stalls rents, the U.N. Non-Governmental Organization paper sponsored by the Planning Committee for Unced, reported in its Aug . 21-22 issue . Razali attacked the attempt to move eco-fascist'E co-92' the discussions into areas which had. not been fully defined, such as the concept of global commons, using "nebulous A fight for national sovereignty and the right to economic terminologies, on the assumption that we will give up sover­ development, waged by some developing nations of the eignty." This "assumption of supranational rights" by the South, is threateningto derail preparations for the Earth Sum­ North is "a very terrible notion. " Razali told the press, "We mit scheduled to be held in Brazil in 1992. The third set of won't go to Rio with hands tied behind our backs ," adding four preparatory negotiating sessions for Eco-92 , held under that Malaysia's concerns were shared by other Third World the auspices of the U.N. Conference on Environment and countries and they would have to decide for themselves Development (Unced) , drew to a close in Geneva Sept. 4 whether to attend Eco-92. with environmental organizations particularly upset that no Such moves by the North put Malaysia and other devel­ progress had been made. oping countries in a disadvantageous position, leaving them The over 100 countries meeting in Geneva to prepare for simply as "global stewards" in relation to their natural re­ Ec0-92 abandoned their efforts to complete a treaty on the sources, Razali charged, Crosscurrents reported. He added "protection" of the world's forests in time for the summit next that Malaysia did not want to go to Rio to be lectured on how year, Prince Philip's World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) to look after its environment or how to treat its indigenous reported in a press release Aug. 21. The proposed forest people. The time is past for "this kind of schoolmasterly treaty had been endorsed at the Group of Seven industrialized approach," he said. nations summit in London, and was intended as a "keystone" In this fightover forests, Edward Kufuorof Ghana, repre­ of the Earth Summit. senting the Group of77 developing nations, insistedthat such "There is still timefor them tobuild something significant biological resources are not a heritage of mankind. ''They for Rio. But there is no indication that they are doing so at are part of a national heritage over which we will retain the moment," WWFdirector of campaigns Gordon Shepherd sovereignty. " Kufuor attacked a paperproposed by the Secre­ told the Sept. 4 London Financial Times. "The forests con­ tariat of the session for proposing "a code of conduct that vention is the first casualty of the Unced process. " The fourth can't be enforced, yet developing countries that have two­ planning meeting will be held in New York next March . thirds of the world's biological resources are asked to consent to a legally-binding agreement on conservation. . . . When South wants development we ask industrialized countries to devote 0.7% of GNP to The fight is "symptomatic of a North-South divide," ac­ Official Development Assistance, they say they don't like cording to a joint press release issued by ActionAid and targets , yet they ask us to devote 10% of our land to conser­ Greenpeace International . "A huge chasm" exists: "The vation." North is here to discuss concepts such as the Earth Charter, Several other Third World countries insisted on their sov­ while the Southwants to discuss a Development Declaration. ereign right to exploit their forests, in remarks to Inter Press . . . Unless unequal economic relationships between coun­ Service on Aug . 14. tries, poverty, technology transfer, and other issues vital for "Any instrumenton forests should take into account that the South are discussed, no progress can be made on other they are part of the territorial jurisdiction of states, and it is issues." Greenpeace asserted that the 150 countries which up to the state to legislate on their use, taking into account participated at the U.N. meeting "lost their way" in an at­ their own national priorities," decl8red Brazilian delegate tempt to agree on a number of environmental proposals. Everton Vieira Vargas. The resistance to a worldwide treaty at Eco-92 prohib­ The Nigerian delegation stated that it supports "any glob­ iting economic development in the name of preserving the al initiative towards the conservation . . . of forests, as long envirollJllent, has come into sharper focus following the as such an initiative does not infringe onour sovereignright to threat almouncedby Malaysian Prime Minister Dr. Mahathir exploit our natural resources for our developmentproces ses. " Mohamad on Aug. 16 to boycott the Eco-92 conference. He Malaysian delegate S. Thanarajasingham summed up his had denounced the terrorismbeing waged against his people country's position: "Forestry is only one of the issues .... in the name of the "environmental situation" in Malaysia by The crux of the matter is that legal instruments are no guaran­ powerful international environmental groups. tee, because sovereignty will always be an issue."

EIR September 13, 1991 Economics 13 head of cattle can be treated on site. By 2015 Cline expects 121.0 mgd in desalination plants to be on line. Desalination: the Desalination technologies One of the oldest techniques for obtaining purified water challenge of the '90s is distillation. When this principle is used for desalination, it results in multi-stage flash (MFS) plants, where heated water is sprayed into a chamber where the pressure has been low­ by Mark Wilsey ered, and a portion of the water "flashes" into steam. Water boils at a lower temperature when the pressure is lowered, The International Desalination Association and the National thus reducing the heat energy need for the system. The steam Water Supply Improvement Association held a conference is condensed through other stages till the desired purity is in Washington, D.C. Aug. 26-3 1, entitled "Water: The Chal­ reached., Over half the desalination plants in the world are lenge of the '90s." The IDA is chartered to promote desalina­ MFS plants. tion technology worldwide, although its members may tend Since its commercialization 20 years ago, reverse osmo­ to cater to a cash-and-carry clientele. As one salesman com­ sis (RO) has grown tremendously. Over 30% of the world's mented, "our biggest problem with the Third World is getting desalination plants now use this technology. Reverse osmosis paid." uses pump pressure to force water through a semi-permeable A pre-conference workshop was held on Aug. 25, on membrane , thus separating a portion of the water from the the research and development needs for desalination. This desolved salts . E.!. Du Pont de Nemours and Co. was the seminar was co-sponsored by the U. S. Department of the first to develop these membranes. Today Du Pont dominates Interior's Bureau of Reclamation. Dennis Underwood, com­ the market, and 27% of the world's RO desalination plants missioner for the Bureau of Reclamation , explained that de­ use Du Pont membranes. salination is needed not only for keeping and adding to our At the pre-conference seminar Dr. Irving Moch, applied supply of water, but also for waste cleanup and water treat­ technology manager at Du Pont, spoke on the the need to ment. The "practical transfer" of this technology is necessary develop more advanced membranes to allow more flow with for "sustained economic growth in the 1990s," Underwood lower energy consumption, provide higher purity, and have said. longer life. To this end, Moch suggested that research should William Warne, a water resource consultant from Cali­ go into new polymer chemistrywork and to re-engineer plant fornia, voiced a very succinct answer to this challenge: components for greater efficiency. "Think desalination now ." Warne sees the 1990s as the "de­ salt decade." He forecasts that in the next 10 years , desalina­ The politics of water control tion activities will be taking place in Arizona, California, The IDA leadership heavily represents U. S., British, and Colorado, Florida, North and South Carolina, New Mexico, Saudi political interests. Their bias was very clear in the Oklahoma, and Texas. In California, after five years of resolution passed by the body condemning Iraq for "releasing drought, "we have completly exhausted our reserves," War­ oil into the Arabian Gulf with the possibility to disrupt and ne states. He points to "institutional deadlocks" and a tenden­ interfere with the desalination plants." While there may be cy to think of desalination as a technology of the future . condemnable damage resulting from the Gulf war,the over­ "Desalination is ready now ," Warne said, and he called on riding issue before the world community today is the mass water authorities and power utilities to work together to de­ suffering in Iraq resulting from the systematic destruction of velop strategies for utilizing it now . water, power, and infrastructure done by the 40 days of Dr. Dennis Kasper, vice president of Engineering Sci­ "coalition" bombing. ence and consultant to the water treatment industry, suggest­ The conference was a platform for Dr. Joyce Starr, an ed that a planning guide be developed as a resource for those operative for the interests of the World Bank and the U.S. wanting to build desalination plants. This guide would help State Department which have intervened to prevent financing peoplemake their way through the myriad federal , state , and for modem desalination in the Third World, and to see it local permits and red tape required for such a project. limited to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and a few other favored Neil Cline, manager of the Santa Ana Watershed Proj ect countries. Starr gave a featured presentation promoting her Authority in California, reported on the current and future "Middle East Water Summit," scheduled for Istanbul Nov. usage of desalination in his area. At present, desalination 4-8. This is intended to set up water control schemes, instead plants are providing 12.3 million gallons per day (mgd) . In of water development for the region. "We are very proud of the next five years another 28.0 mgd will be added. Plants the involvement of the World Bank, which sent a team of are planned along the Santa Ana River, downstream from a experts to visit 22 nations to assist in the preparation of their large concentration of dairies, where the runofffrom 300, 000 country papers for the summit," she said.

14 Economics EIR September 13, 1991 been repeatedly sabotaged by the International Monetary Fund and World Bank, and the Anglo-American financial interests behind them. Libya turns on the In the 1970s, Qaddafi expelled many Egyptian families from Libya, but over the recent months the two countries Great Man-Made River have become close once again. There are plans to build a railway line to facilitate travel back and forth . There is also a standing commission between Sudan and Libya for integ­ by Marcia Merry rating economic activity.

A gala ceremony was held in Libya at the end of August, at Greening the desert which Libyan leaders "turned on the tap" of the Great Man­ Over 95% of Libya is desert, and the new water sources Made River, the water pipeline/viaduct project designed to can open up thousands of hectares of irrigated farmland. At bring millions of liters of water from beneath the Sahara present over 80% of the country's agriculture production Desert, northward to the Benghazi region on the Mediterra­ comes from the coastal regions, where local aquifers have nean coast. The inauguration marked the end of Phase I of been overpumped, and salt water intrusion is taking place. the project, which is slated for completion in 1996. The Great Man-Made River will relieve this. The waternow Under the giant scheme, water is pumped from aquifers flowing will immediately supplement supplies for domestic under the Sahara in the southern part of the country, where and industrial needs in Benghazi and Sirte. But Libyan offi­ underground water resources extend into Egypt and Sudan. cials plan for 80% of the overall project's flow to eventually Then the water is transported by reinforced concrete pipeline be used for irrigating old farms, and reclaiming some desert to northern destinations. Construction on the firstphase start­ lands. Since 20% of Libya's imports are foodstuffs , expand­ ed in 1984, and cost about $5 billion. The completed project ed water supplies are a means to greater self-sufficiency. may total $25 billion. TheGreat Man-Made River project and its objectives flyin South Korean construction experts built the huge pipes the face of the water-control schemes sanctioned by the World in Libya by some of the most modem techniques. The engi­ Bank and the International Monetary Fund. These institutions neering feat involves collecting water from 270 wells in east have blocked work on other "great jects"pro such as the Jonglei central Libya, and transporting it through about 2,000 kilo­ Canal-the huge ditch that was designed as a straight channel meters of pipeline to Benghazi and Sirte. The new "river" on the upper White Nile in southern Sudan. The Jonglei Canal, brings 2 million cubic meters of water a day . At completion, which stands half-finished and abandoned at present, would the system will involve 4,000 kilometers of pipepines, and have drained swamplands, aided agriculture, transportation, two aqueducts of some 1,000 kilometers. power resources, and health, and provided expanded flow to the Nile River all the way down to Egypt. Potential of the region is enhanced The World Bank and the U.S. State Department areback­ Joining in celebrating the inauguration of the artificial ing a "Middle East Water Summit" in Turkey this November, river were dozens of Arab and African heads of state and which is intended to promote only politically favored projects hundreds of otherfore ign diplomats and delegations. Among such as desalination plants in Saudi Arabia, and water short­ them were Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, King Hassan ages elsewhere. of Morocco, the head of Sudan, Gen . Omar EI Beshir, and London and Washington circles were apoplectic about Dj ibouti's President Hassan Julied. the opening of the new Libyan water project. The London Col . Muarnmar Qaddafi told the celebrants: "After this Financial Times ran criticisms of the project from Angus achievement, American threats against Libya will double. Henley of the London-based Middle East Economic Digest. ...The United States will make excuses, [but] the real The pipeline, he said, was "Qaddafi's petpro ject. He wants reason is to stop this achievement, to keep the people of to be seen as something other than the scourge of the West." Libya oppressed." Qaddafipresented the project to the cheer­ The Financial Times called the project Qaddafi's "pipe­ ing crowd as a gift to the Third World. dream," stating that critics may be awed by the engineering Mubarak spoke at the ceremony and stressed the regional involved, "But they regard the dream as a monument to importance of the project. Qaddafi has called on Egyptian vanity that makes little economic sense in a country where farmers to come and work in Libya, where there are only the U.N. Development Program says 94.6% of territory is 4 million inhabitants . Egypt's population of 55 million is desert wasteland." crowded in narrow bands along the Nile River and delta Ifit is vanity that motivated the project, at least the vanity region. Over the last 20 years , the water improvement proj ­ of Libya's head of state is being channeled in a productive ects envisioned for Egypt, which could provide more water direction in this case-which is more than can be said of the and more hectares of agricultural and residential land, have leaders of Britain and the United States .

EIR September 13, 1991 Economics 15 AndeanReport by Val erie Rush

Gaviria floors free trade accelerator rize the import of thousands of tons of Colombia is being offe red as aflea market of cheap imports and meat from the European Community cheaper labor to fo reign investors. and United States, a decision curious­ ly made by Finance Minister Hommes rather than the Agriculture Ministry. Analyst Iyan Escobar wrote in the Aug. 28 i�sue of El Tiempo: "To im­ port meat instead of stimulating and Colombian President Cesar Gaviria talists is directly linked to the govern­ protecting the growth of the Colombi­ has floored the free trade accelerator ment's decision earlier this year to an cattle industry ... is unfor­ in his program to "open up," of the free exchange rates while authorizing giveable blindness. Prices of meat and economy, leaving the country's in­ the entire national banking system to chicken may possibly come down, but dustrialists and agricultural producers conduct unregulated dollar/peso ex­ at a tremendous cost for the cattle and gasping for breath, and the free trade changes. poultry industries, which have been [a maniacs at the White House and Inter­ Former IMF economist Gaviria source of] national pride because of national Monetary Fund (IMP) grin­ had already given a signal of his inten­ the effort, technology and invest­ ning with delight. tions in a speech during his Aug. 20 ments which have gone into them." According to an Aug. 27 commu­ state visit to neighboring Ecuador, Gaviria's decision to drown Co­ nique from the presidential office, where he offered praise for the forces lombian industry and agriculture in "The National Council of Economic of supply and demand as "the most with cheap imports will guarantee and Social Policy decided today to ac­ ideal instrument" for allocating eco­ mass banhuptcies, and create a vast celerate and consolidate the process nomic resources. Gaviria character­ pool of unemployed labor. Colom­ of internationalizationand opening of ized the notion of producing for an bia's Foreign Trade Institute has al­ the Colombian economy, advancing internal market as "obsolete," and in­ ready anticipated this, with its Resolu­ the schedule of decisions that were to sisted that opening up to foreign in­ tion 4405i, decreed Aug. 29, which have culminated in three years, so that vestment, trade, and technology, legalizes the Mexican-style maquila­ as of this week, the tariff structure and "which in the past were understood as dora within the Colombian economy. levels planned for 1994 will be factors of backwardness and poverty, The maquiladora plant-usually for­ achieved. " are today the key to economic dy­ eign-owned-imports raw materials Through dramatic tariff reduc­ namism." and parts, to be assembled exclusively tions, Gaviria has thrown open the Colombia's producers are aghast for export. The key to their profitabil­ floodgates to imports of every sort, at Gaviria' s reckless drive to make the ity, of course, is cheap labor. from capital and consumer goods to top of George Bush's hit parade. The If there is any question as to who agricultural products and raw materi­ National Industrialists' Association dictated Gaviria's accelerated "open­ als . And to compensate for the lost issued a press release stating its belief ing," one needn't look far. As journal­ revenue of importtariffs, the govern­ that "the increase in the international ist Jorge Child wrote Sept. 1 in the ment is readying $665 million worth reserves is not only due to low im­ daily El Espectador, "President Gavi­ of new taxes, to fall most heavily on ports, but primarily because the re­ ria's push to the apertura policy was industry and agriculture. strictive credit policy has prevented very poss�bly influenced by the long Finance Minister Rudolf Hommes greater economic growth and encour­ visit of U 1S, Trade Department repre­ explained that his original approach of aged the arrival of speculative capital, sentative Carla Hills ....The new · a "gradual" opening--or ap ertura­ stimulated by high interest rates. measures adopted translate the poli­ had failed because he hadn't anticipat­ Therefore, a mere reduction in tariffs cies of the IMF and World Bank much ed the huge volume of "repatriated will not imply a significant reduction better than do the previous ones. capital"--otherwise known as drug in international reserves. Rather, it is These policies, in a moment of reces­ dollars-which had swelled the coun­ necessary to retake the path of sion for the world capitalist system, try's foreign reserves faster then the growth." seek a new distribution in the interna­ current level of imports could soak Similarly, the cattle and poultry tional division of labor or, better stat­ them up. Colombia's new-found ap­ industries are up in arms over the Gav­ ed, a new map of the multinationals' pealto narco-investors and flightcapi- iria government's decision to autho- production relations."

16 Economics EIR September 13, 1991 Agriculture by Suzanne Rose

Cartels back 'animal welfare' study is devoted to the animal rights Animals are not the ones that will benefitfrom ETP A's latest and animal welfare issues taken up by disgusting advertising campaign. PET A. "Humane treatment of animals appears to be a· growing social con­ cern. Some animal-welfare and ani­ mal-rights activists suggest that con­ finement facilities should not be used Newspapers in five Midwestern He attacked the livestock producers' in livestock production. Issues such as cities last month rejected an ad spon­ organizations for their attempts to pre­ this need to be addressed and re­ sored by People for the Ethical Treat­ vent its publication, and he treated solved." Elimination of such facilities ment of Animals (PET A) which com­ PET A as a legitimate pressure group as proposed by PETA would bankrupt pared human meat consumption to the with extremist rhetoric . Soth is other­ the independent livestock producers . cannibalism of Jeffrey Dahmer, the wise a publicist for the George Bush's The Iowa Business Council board Milwaukee sodomistlmass murderer. free trade operations: the North Amer­ includes Robert Peterson, the chair­ The Iowa Des Moines Register ac­ ican Free Trade Agreement (NAFT A) man of IBP, the largest U.S. beef cepted the ad following a series of pro­ and the General Agreement on Tariffs company , as wdll as enterprises con­ "animal rights" events in the state . and Trade (GATT), which will re­ trolled by the malthusian Wallace The ad , which appeared on Aug. move much of the U.S. livestock in­ family and assorted other businessy 9, began, "Milwaukee ...July 1991. dustry to Mexico. financial, and academic interests. The . . . They were drugged and dragged Hollywood, too , has become one president of the Cattlemen's Associa­ across the room. . . . Their legs and of the strongest pushers for PETA , tion and the Iowa Pork Producers feet were bound together. . . . Their whose annual awards ceremony in Council were among those listed as struggles and cries went unanswered. Washington, D.C. drew some of the members of an advisory council for . . . Then they were slaughtered and biggest "stars ," including Wynona the report. their bones were discarded with the Ryder and Elliot Gould. The PET A campaign is inter­ trash.. ..If this leaves a bad taste PET A has recently trained its guns secting and promoting a precipitous in your mouth, become a vegetarian." on Iowa, the nation's leading hog pro­ decline in meat consumption, which Thousands of Iowans have reportedly ducer and fifth in cattle production. is furthering the interests of the grain canceled their subscriptions to the Last September, the Humane Society cartel exporters , and destruction of in­ paper. of Iowa State University hosted dependent livestock producers by the Among the goals of this anti-hu­ PETA's annual conference. In July same cartels. The cartels are collaps­ man cult are bringing an end to meat 1990, former BeatIe and environmen­ ing livestock producer prices after a consumption and use of animal prod­ tal activist Paul McCartney chose period of high prices relative to other ucts for food or clothing. PET A wants Iowa State University in Ames to hold farm production. which has bankrupt­ to eliminate animal experimentation a pUblicity concert to push "animal ed the independent feedlots. Now the for human medical progress. Its rights ." PETA was invited to distrib­ cartels are free to drop the prices and founder Ingrid Newkirk asserted in a ute its literature . PETA's backers , destroy the independent cattlemen and 1986 interview, "I don't believe hu­ however, are Iowa's financial and ac­ ranchers . Cattle prices have fallen man beings have the 'right to life'; ademic elite. The repUlsive PET A from $83 to $69 per hundred pounds that's a supremacist perversion. A rat campaign was presaged by a 1989 since April. is a pig is a dog is a boy." study by the Iowa Business Council, Under the NAFTA agreement, After the ad , a puff piece for the a roundtable of upper echelon plan­ much livestock production will be "ra­ organization appeared in the Aug. 25 ners in the Midwest. Called "Job Cre­ tionalized" away to Mexico. A similar Des Moines Register. The next day , ation in Animal Agriculture in Iowa," assault is occurring against ranchers columnist Lauren Soth, a former edi­ the study proposed the rationalization who graze their tattle on public lands. tor, contributed yet another piece le­ and cost-cutting of Iowa agriculture, So-called environmentalist measures gitimizing the group . Soth wrote , according to the needs of the cartel are before Congress, which will in­ "Livestock officials should have wel­ companies such as Cargill and Iowa crease annual grazing fees by 33% , comed the ad as evidence of thought­ Beef Processors (IBP) . thereby eliminating thousands of beef less leadership of the PET A crowd ." A significant portion of the 1989 producers in the , Western states.

EIR September 13, 1991 Economics 17 Reportfro m Bonn by RainerApel

An all-Europe economic community Aug. 28 that France had not realized EasternEurope and the fo rmer U.S.S.R. republics are looking the potential of the developments in westwardfor a new economic association. eastern Europe and east Gennany in the past two years , and was about to miss out again with the birth of the new republics in the East. He implied that with more government support, Infrastructural development in the nomic and political cooperation "in French industry would do much fonner U.S.S.R. in energy, transport, eastern Europe ." better. agriculture , and nuclear reactor safety Referencing bilateral agreements One ofithe reasons, some expertsin would be most productive, declared signed with Russia and Ukraine in Oc­ Bonn believe, that the govemment of Chancellor Helmut Kohl in a parlia­ tober 1990, Skubishewski called for President Flran�is Mitterrand has been mentary address here Sept. 4. Foreign their reaffinnation and recommended reluctant towardthe East, is his orienta­ Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher in that Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Bye­ tion toward a renewed imperial French the same session endorsed the creation lorussia, and Czechoslovakia enter role in post�olonial Africa. Inthis con­ of an "all-European transport grid and cooperation agreements as well. Put text, revelations about Panamanian a common energy and telecommuni­ into practice, the Skubishewski plan, money in Mitterrand's 1988 reelection cation structure ." which is apparently compatible with campaign, and the involvement of his Bonn supports a "league of sover­ the Silayev plan, would fonn aneight­ son, Jean-Christophe, in theair, aff de­ eign states" among the fonner Soviet nation zone of cooperation. serve attention. Jean-Christophe Mit­ republics, but insists that they contin­ The input of Gennanyand France, terrand is a'special envoy of the govern­ ue to cooperate closely at the econom­ working together, is crucial to the cre­ ment on African affairs. ic level, which could follow the model ation of an east European economic The scandal has already had a pos­ of economic integration within west­ community . itive effect on French foreign policy: ern Europe . The French elites have had grave Foreign Minister Roland Dumas has This seems to correspond to ideas problems in the past two years ad­ rediscovered the importance of close presented by Russian Federation justing to the changes in central and relations with Gennany. Prime Minister Ivan Silayev on Sept. eastern Europe , and to the fact that Along with Skubishewski and 3 in a press conference in Moscow. Gennany is now unified, with 80 mil­ Genscher , Dumas signed a joint reso­ RepUdiating any "shock therapy" eco­ lion citizens-the second-largest na­ lution in Weimar, Gennany Aug. 29 nomic policy for Russia, Silayev said tion on the Eurasian continent afterthe which stated that "Poles, Gennans, that a transfonnation in steps and in fonner U.S.S.R., with 290 million. and French have crucial responsibility concert with sustained, close, and France has 53 million citizens. for the success of future-oriented well-ordered economic cooperation French industry has had less of a structures of neighborly relations in among the individual republics, was a problem. The entrepreneurs of France Europe. i better approach. have not been enthusiastic about the "France and Gennany support all Silayev said this cooperation recent changes in Gennany, but have efforts to lead Poland and the new de­ should not be exclusive to republics been much more positive compared to mocracies !into the European Commu­ which signed the "league" union trea­ the government in Paris. French in­ nity," it relld. ty , but should include those which did dustrial investments in the fiveeastern "The challenges of the industrial not sign-like Lithuania, Latvia, and Gennan states have ranked second or age are calling for answers that may Estonia-as well as Poland and other third among foreign investors , and are only be found jointly in the European east European states. relatively sound, being made in basic area; we want multiple cooperation in Poland has already indicated its construction, power generation, and a European unified economic zone. It receptivity to this approach, in a state­ electrical equipment. Those finns that is necessal1)'to jointly launch concrete ment issued by Foreign Minister invested had an understanding of east and useful projects of immediate ben­ Krysztof Skubishewski in late Au­ Gennany being a bridge into eastern efit to the people. This includes areas gust. He said the rise of sovereign re­ Europe and the fonner U.S.S.R. of the environment, technology, in­ publics implied new perspectives for Jacques Perigot, president of the frastructure , of communication, ener­ the creation of a "community of eco- French Industry Association, charged gy, and culture ."

18 Economics EIR September 13, 1991 FromNew Delhi by Susan Maitra

Another milestone in space science tion reputed for its dynamism and com­ India has successfully launched the IRS-IB, the country'ssecond petence. remote sensing satellite. In the early 1970s, ISRO began an experimental satellite program, and si­ multaneously worked to develop the ground segment of reception, pro­ cessing, and analysis of satellite imag­ On August 29, IRS-IB, India's sec­ in Hyderabad. The station had been set ery. In this work, India has used data ond operational remote sensing satel­ up in 1979 to directly receive data from from the American Landsat satellite lite, was launched from the Baikonur the U.S. Landsat satellites, and was and France's SPOT. Several state and Cosmodrome in the Soviet Union. The augmented in 1987 to also receive im­ central government agencies have set satellite, which was fullyindigenously ages from the French SPOT satellite. up remote sensing centers for various designed and built, was placed in a po­ From Hyderabad, the images are applications. So far,most of the appli­ lar orbit at about 900 kilometers processed for use in India's National cations work has been at the initiative height. Natural Resources Management Sys­ of the Department of Space and not In announcing the news to the Par­ tem in the areas of agriculture, miner­ user-driven. For that reason the full liament, Prime Minister Narasimha al, and other resource mapping; potential of the program for the coun­ Rao added that the country would have drought monitoring and floodcontrol ; try is not yet visible. its own capability to launch satellites ground water mapping; land-use and Nonetheless, its economic impact by next year, when the Indian Space land cover mapping; as well as numer­ is already clear:: With the success of Research Organization (ISRO)' s Polar ous other applications. IRS-lA, India coulddispense with pur­ Satellite Launching Vehicle (PSLV) is Initially IRS-IB will supplement chase of the SPOTseries of images and ready. IRS-lA, and ultimately will replace it. restrict purchase of Landsat material to With the successful satellite de­ With twocamera systems (Linear Self­ thermal images only-a considerable ployment, India has joined a select Scanning Sensors, fabricated at the savings in foreign exchange by itself. band of nations which have established Space Applications Center in Ahmeda­ But the actual economic implications the capability for remote sensing on a bad), IRS-IB is almost identical to its are much farther-reaching, as Prime continuing basis. IRS-IB's predeces­ predecessor. One important improve­ Minister N arasimha Rao pointed out in sor, IRS-lA, was placed into orbit in ment, however, is that one more axis Parliament, for a developing country March 1988, and although it has com­ will now be controlledby gyros instead with diverse geological features. pleted its three-year design life, it is of Earth sensors, which will qualitative­ The experience of IRS-IA has al­ expected to remain operational for an­ ly improve the visible and infrared im­ ready shown the greater accuracy and other year or so. ages provided by the satellite. IRS-IB efficiencyof remote sensing compared When IRS-IA was launched, India weighs about 980 kilograms. to ground surveys. IRS-IA ground wa­ became the first developing nation to Future satellites in the series will ter mapping waS carried out in over establish its own space-based system be more advanced both in resolution 400 districts with a success rate of for remote sensing. Then Prime Minis­ and re-visit capability, according to nearly 90%, compared to the 45% suc­ ter Rajiv Gandhi described the launch the Indian Space Research Organiza­ cess rate with conventional methods. as, "a major milestone in our space tion. IRS-IC, for instance, will have a With just a few days of imaging the program." thermal imaging capability. Prelimi­ entire forestry of the country can be ac­ The Indian Space Research Orga­ nary design has been completed for counted for, a project that would other­ nization's $50 million IRS-IA carried both IRS-IC and IRS-ID, and they are wise take years.! three French-supplied linear imaging scheduled for launch in 1993 and One estimate of the cost effective­ self-scanning cameras. 1996. ness of remote' sensing is striking. Since it was launched in 1988, Establishment of the remote sens­ While ground-based methods can cost IRS-IA has covered the whole country ing capability is the fruit of a more than about 50 rupees: per square kilometer more than 55 times-once every 22 20-year effort by ISRO, with the of surveyed areas, airborne remote days-and sent back more than Bhabha Atomic Research Center, in sensing costs about 13 rupees, and sat­ 350,000 images to the National Re­ Bombay, India's premier research and ellite remote sensing a mere 0.14 mote Sensing Agency ground station development center. It is an organiza- rupees.

EIR September 13, 1991 Economics 19 BusinessBrief s

Asia ing systems over the past decade as "deplor­ He projected that this cost would double to able ." He said it was not the lending to the meet the recent amendments to the Clean Air Vietnam proposes Third World that was "troublesome," but rath­ Act. that development fund er, ''the subsequent pursuit of alternatives . . . The Aug. 27 WallStreet JourntJI says of doubtful rationale ." The "enthusiasm for the French consulting firm Bipe Conseil is Victorian market freedom" in the U.K. has even "moreoptimistic ," projectingthatthe Eu­ Dr.Nguyen Xuan Oanh, a Vietnamese gov­ been equally catastrophic , he argued. ropean market for environmental equipment ernmenteconomic adviser and one of the few Oppenheimer called the bankers' policy and services will top $100billion by 1999- South Vietnamese officials to go over to the "the Anglo-Saxon virus ," which led to "spec­ nearly doul>le the current $54 billion. victorious communists at the end of the war, ulative excess and collapse," in contrast to hasproposed the creation of an IndochinaDe­ the continental European banking systems, velopment Fund as ajoint agency of Vietnam, which "on the whole avoided going over­ Cambodia, and Thailand. The fund would be board on financial freedoms ." "Attitudes to established with resources pooled from the economic policy on the Continent have a Asian Development Bank and donor coun­ more dirigiste tendency than in America or tries , such as those ofthe Association of South­ Britain. . . . As is well known, banks on the Banking east Asian Nations (Asean) . continent, especially in Germany , cultivate a He also has proposed that thethree Indo­ much closer relation with the managements Norway bails out chinese states set up a ministerial-level com­ of industrial and commercial companies than banks crisis mitteeto direct economic reformsand cooper­ is the case in Britain. . . . In addition, the in ation. continental banking structure goes together The purposeof such actions, he said, was with a less prominentrole for stockexchanges The governmentof Norwayhas been forced to to endIndochina 's isolation. "Understandably than in the Anglo-Saxon countries, and cor­ bail out Fokus Bank, the country's third the first step should bewith a regional scheme, respondingly lesser concern among business­ largest.Fokus lost morethan $81 millionin the such as with Asean, and later with internation­ men with short-term changes in the market first sixmonths of this yearand, accordingto a al organizations ." valuation of their compani es." Scandinavianbanking source, it is technically The proposals were madeat a conference insolvent. on Indochinaorganized the by East-West Cen­ The Norwegianbanking crisis has severe­ ter Alumni of Harvard. Oanh is a Harvard ly depleted the nation's bank insurance fund, graduate . Environmentalism forcingthe government to inject new capitalin recentweeks . It hasalso promptedthe Brundt­ Europe's growth industry land government to namea committee to in­ vestigate the worsening situation. Economic Theory to be 'pollution control'? Norway's banking problems go back to 1984, when the Brundtlandgovernment began Moscow told Western Will Europe's "growth industry" be pollution "American-style" financial deregulation, control? Recent studies by the Organization allowing banksto speculate in real estate and banking is a 'virus' for Economic Cooperation Developmentand other high-risk areas . Said EIR's source, (OECD) and consulting firmsin Europe proj ­ "When oilthe pricecollapsed in 1986,that was "Business management skills aregoing to be a ect thatby the tumof the century, westernEu­ thebeginning of the end. Thegovernment then scarce commodity in the Soviet Union for ropean industrieswill beproducing atleast $78 tried to decouple from its dependence on the some timeto come ," wrote Oxford University billion worthofenvironmentalclean-upequip­ oil economy in 1988 and as a resultcreated its economist Peter Oppenheimerin the Aug. 27 ment, which western European companies, own version of a 'shock therapy' which has London Independent. Under the headline municipalities, etc., will be forced to buy, by had the economy depressed for three years. "TheVirus Moscow Needs to Avoid," hesaid law. The resultis in many ways sirnilartoAustria 's that ifthe Soviets want some lessons in how to This extraordinary figure is just for water, Kreditanstalt, fromsay, 1927-3 1,wheninsol­ reform their banking system, "they should go air, andwaste treatment systems,and does not vent industrieswere taken over by the banks, / to the Germans or the French. When, on the include "green" products, such as biodegrad­ making them insolvent, leading to a national other hand, they feel ready to be the financial able items . bank bailout and ultimately an Austrian gov­ , equivalent of second-hand car salesmen, they The OECD's $78 billion estimate com­ ernment bailout." will find themselves welcome in London or pares to U.S. Environmental Protection The crisis is about to spread throughout New YOlK." Agency chief William Reilly's estimate last Scandinavia. Swedish banks arebelieved to be Oppenheimer bluntly characterized the year that $80 billion is already spent annually the most exposed in the Norwegian banking performance of both the U. S. and U.K. bank- in the U.S. to meet environmentalregulations. market.

20 Economics EIR September 13, 1991 Brifj1.y

• SWEDEN'S Erik Penser has watched his speculative empire col­ lapse, in what is being called the most spectacular failure of a Scandinavian business holding since the 1931 Ivar ed care within 24 hours . International Credit Kreuger crash. The state-controlled Dr. Arthur Kellerman, of the American Nordbanken, Sweden's largest, has College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) and Japanese anxious to been forced tb step in and take control author of one of the studies, said that despite of Penser's Nobel Industries arms invest in Russia the general belief, it is not true that the reason and chemicals group, even though he for overcrowding is that too many people are had received preferential access to "The going to emergency rooms when they do not view of Japanese industry right now is bail-out credits from Nordbanken­ need care. ''The vast majority coming in have that we must not miss the 'Russian bus,' " a in which he owns a 13.5% share . well-informed Japanese source has told EIR. good, rational reason for coming there. It is past hours, no clinic is open, their symptoms "Japanese companies are very eager to invest • THE CHOLERA epidemic in are serious and they have no place to turn." in Russian oiland gas , as they know that if they Africa, which has affected 35,000 Dr. John Johnson, president of ACEP, areable to tap into this, it will bevery positive people, has $0 far claimed the lives said that a saturated medical care system for Japan's economic stability . The majority of 3,420 people in Chad, Cameroon, makesit harderand harderfor peopleto beseen view after last week's Moscow events [the and Nigeria. In Nigeria, the Red by a doctor. He added that those who come to failed coup attempt) is that 'now is the time to Cross reports that there are about emergency rooms today arefar sicker as a rule open the door' to Russia and the other re­ 4,000 victims of yellow fever and the than those of even 10 years ago. publics." cholera epidemic. He continued, ''This is why ForeignMinis­ A third study found that overcrowding in emergency rooms is so severethat ambulance ter Nakayama is in Moscow this week, to re­ • THE EUROPEAN Community patients are turned away from full hospital open talks on the Kurile Islands. Yeltsin this is committed to providing a $3 billion emergency rooms about 25% of the time . In morning [Aug. 27) also said he thought it time fund to support thethree Baltic states, Califomia, where over a dozen hospitals have to negotiatea returnof the islands . Settling the reported Karel van Miert, transporta­ closed their emergencyrooms permanently , it islands question, which at thispoint is only an tion commissioner of the EC Com­ is well known that patients can be taken to as irrational symbol for both sides, would open mission in Brussels, after talks Aug. many as 4-6 hospitals before finding anemer­ the door to broad economic assistance." 27 with representatives of the gov­ gency room that has a bed. So many patients He added that the Japanese MinistryofIn­ ernments of Lithuania, Latvia, and literally line thewalls of emergency roomsthat ternationalTrade and Industry"and other Japa­ Estonia. Details of the "Miert Plan" area fire departments have issued citations. nese institutions have detailed proposals al­ are to be published soon. ready worked out." Some of those waiting have died withoutemer­ gency room staffbeing aware of it for hours . • TWO INTELSAT satellite com­ munications circuits will be estab­ lished by the Soviet Union and Japan, Health Care in what Kyodo news service calls a Africa move "aimed at meeting mush­ Seriously ill not rooming teltcommunications needs U.N. chief calls between Japan and the U.S.S.R." A receiving treatment new installa�ion is being created in for debt cancellation Vladivostok for this purpose. The latest studies show that some seriously ill peoplein the United States never get emergen­ U.N. Secretary General Javier Perez de Cuel­ • THURN UND TAXIS Bank of cy care, or die waiting for it in emergency lar has issued a call for the cancellation of all Munich may soon be sold because rooms . Three new studies-by San Francisco of Africa's bilateral and exportcredit debts . He what is believed to be Europe's General Hospital, UCLA Harbor Medical will submit his report, "The Economic Crisis largest family fortune is in serious Center, and the National Public Health and in Africa," to the SeptemberGeneral Assem­ disarray . Princess Gloria, widow of Hospital Institute, thelast involving 279 hospi­ bly meeting. the late Prince Johannes, is consider­ tals aroundthe country-found that many pe0- "It is simply not possiblefor Africancoun­ ing bringing legal charges against ple with serious conditions wait from 15 min­ tries to develop under an existing debt burden fiveformer business managers of her utes to 17 hours in emergency rooms before exceeding $270 billion," he told a press con­ late husband's holding company. being seen; other patients with just as urgent ference. German financial press speculate that medical problems-possibly as many as I mil­ The report says that Africa's current debt the family lost as much as $1 billion lion patients a year-leave the emergency is double that of 1980, andequals 90%of Afri­ in the October 1987 U.S. stock mar­ roomwithout beingtreat ed, even though 45% ca's yearlytotal of outputof goodsand servic­ ket crash and subsequent real estate required "urgent care," many needing to be es. Both commodityprices and realofficial as­ collapse. hospitalized immediately. Another 29% need- sistance fell during the I 980s .

EIR September13, 1991 Economics 21 TIillFeature

Justice Rehnquist led the US. into a police state

by Edward Spannaus

One of the biggest hoaxes of our time is the commonly peddled idea that William Rehnquist, the Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, is a "conserva­ tive." A conservative at least has some respectfor tradition. A conservative may be hidebound, reactionary, hostile to change, and so forth, but at least he clings to the traditionalway of doing things. William Rehnquist is no conservative. Our current Chief Justice is a philosophical enemy of of the Founding Fathers and the Framers of the Constitution. Rehnquist is an avowed follower of Thomas Hobbes, whose views were anathema to eighteenth.century Americans. Hobbes's ideas were thoroughly rejected by the Founding Fathers, so much so that he was only cited when they wished to attack him. To Alexander Hamilton, Hobbes's ideas constituted an "absurd and impious doctrine." To John Adams, Hobbes was "detestable for his principles." But to William Rehnquist, Hobbes is a "realist" in his view of the nature of man and law. We don't even need to consider Rehnquist's own confessions on this matter. The proof is in his record as a Supreme Court justice for the past two decades-showing how he has systematically dismantled the rights and protec­ tions which the Constitution and the Supreme Court have provided over the past two centuries. Rehnquist is a statist. He believes in big government-apolice state. Whenev­ er it comes to a question of the rights of the individual versus the government, he invariably sides with the government. But on the other hand, when it is a matter where the power of the federal government is pro�rly invoked for a constructive purpose, Rehnquist consistently denies the rightful constitutional powers of the federal governmentover the other branches or the states. As Rehnquist has consoli­ dated his control over the Supreme Court in the past few years, he has turned the outlook of the Founding Fathers on its head, denying federal supremacy where it

22 Feature EIR September 13, 1991 Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist (above) and his philosophical mentor, Thomas Hobbes (left), known as "the father of modern totalitarianism." Shown in the middle is the gas chamber in North Carolina. Rehnquist is at the front of the mob demanding more executions, and his Court has stripped away virtually every constitutional protection that an inmate on death row previously had.

is proper, but expanding the police powers of the gov­ within him the divine spark of creative reason. That the end ernment. of society and government is to foster the happiness and the Before Rehnquist was nominated for the Supreme Court, moral perfection of its citizens, which is most efficiently he was already an outspoken advocate of police-state mea­ accomplished by promoting scientific and technological sures. He toured the country as a spokesman for the Nixon progress. Justice Department in the late 1960s, advocating military Thus, in the American colonies Hobbes was universally surveillance of civilians, warrantless wiretaps, and "qualified viewed an an evil apologist for the British monarchy. Virtu­ martial law." Then, after being put on the Court, he cast ally everyone in the colonies believed in natural law , which the deciding vote upholding the constitutionality of military was prior and antecedent to the state. All believed in some surveillance of civilians in the case Laird v. Tatum. form of "natural rights," that men possessed God-given, inalienable rights which no government could usurp. Even The Hobbesian state if one wrongly interprets the Declaration of Independence Not without reason has Thomas Hobbes been labeled as a Lockean document-it is far superior to anything John · "the father of modem totalitarianism." Hobbes's state of Locke could have inspired-it is still utterly opposed to the nature is the "war of every man against all every man"; to outlook and prescriptions of Hobbes. overcome this brutish condition, men enter into a social contract in which they give up all rights to the sovereign. Rehnquist and Hobbes Since the purpose of the sovereign is to protect the people In a 1980 speech entitled "Government by Clich e," against themselves, the subject owes unquestioning obe­ Rehnquist set out to debunk the "cliche" that the Constitution dience. The sovereign literally can do no wrong; he cannot is a charter "which guarantees rights to individuals against commit an illegal act, because the sovereign is the law. As the government." People have learned, said Rehnquist, "that an avowed enemy of religion, the church, and natural law , it is better to endure the coercive force wielded by a govern­ Hobbes's ideal state was a political dictatorship (preferably ment in which they have some say, rather than risk the a monarchy) combined with economic laissez la ire. anarchy in which neither life, liberty, nor property are safe Our nation was founded on the contrary principle, how­ from the 'savage few .' " The recognition that "government ever imperfectly realized, that reason, not might, makes is a necessary restriction on unbridled individual freedom" right. That man is created in the image of God, and bears comes from entirely divergent sources, he goes on. Locke

EIR September 13, 1991 Feature 23 and Hobbes, says Rehnquist, were diametrically opposed in sentiments of the population, if they are to carry out their their view of life in "the state of nature." Locke believed duties as "faithful guardians of theConstitution ." The integri­ that "every person had a right to liberty and property, quite ty and moderation of the judiciary must be prized, "as no apart from any constitutional declarations by reason of what man can be sure that he may �ot be tomorrow the victim of Locke called the 'law of nature.' " a spirit of injustice, by which be may be a gainer today." Rehnquist then declares where he stands: "To Thomas Rehnquist, on the other 11!and, has repeatedly cited the Hobbes, on the other hand, who was much more of a realist, unrepresentative character of the court as a reason for abdi­ life in the so-called state of nature was 'nasty, brutish and cating the court's constitutional' role as the guardian of indi- short.' It was to escape this world of violence, insecurity, vidual rights and liberties. and the like that men formed governments, and they were better off for having formed them even though the govern­ Law as authority ments themselves proved to be tyrannical." To put it bluntly, Rehnquist believes that a citizen has no rights which the courts are boo.nd to protect. This is the way Rehnquist vs. natural law he thinks, and it is the way hel rules from the bench. He has To be a consistent Hobbesian, Rehnquist would of course conceded (in a 1978 article) ,that "there is an element of have to attack the very idea of natural law . This he explicitly authoritarianism in the views'I have advanced." The very did in the same speech, wherehe argued that our constitution­ idea of law, he argued, is bas�d on the authority of the state al system is "a system based on majority rule, and not on to enforce that law. Authority,; he continues, "is the ultimate some more elitist or philosophical notion of 'natural law .' " guardian against a state of anltchy in which only the strong Over the years, Rehnquist has attempted to justify his police­ would be free ." I state practices both by appealing to the presumed sentiments In this same article, Rehn�ist gleefullypoints to Article of the majority of the population, and by denying any connec­ I, Section 9 of the Constitutio� (which provides that habeas tion between law and morality. corpus may be suspended under certain emergency condi­ Particularly revealing is a 1976 speech, in which tions) as demonstrating that, '1in certain rare conditions, the Rehnquist ridiculed the notion that the Supreme Court should Founders viewed the individual as, at least temporarily, hav­ be the "voice and conscience of contemporary society." He ing no rights which he might assert against the government." identified his view of the Constitution with that of Oliver Rehnquist does put his Hobbesian outlook to work from Wendell Holmes: Morality has nothing to do with law. Moral the bench. Numerous studies of his rulings have been pub­ judgments only have validity to the extent they have been lished in the law journals, showing their consistency. After adopted into positive law. If a society adopts a constitution he had been on the Supreme Court for only five years, his and safeguards for individual liberty, this does not mean record was well established. A study published in the Har­ that these protections have a general moral rightness. "They vard Law Review in 1976 showed that Rehnquist's rulings assume a general social acceptance neither because of any were guided by three basic propositions: intrinsic worth nor because of any unique origins in some­ 1) Conflicts between the individual and the government one's idea of natural justice, but simply because they have are to be resolved in favor of the government; been incorporated into a constitution by the people." In the 2) Conflicts between the states and the federal govern­ same speech, he says (still following Holmes): "Value judg­ ment are to be resolved in favor of the states; and ments take on a form of moral goodness because they have 3) Disputes involving the exercise of federal jurisdiction been enacted into positive law." are to be resolved against the exercise of such jurisdiction. Rehnquist's view that the Supreme Court should follow Another study of his rulings from 1971 to 1986 (prepared the "will" of the majority (for example, on capital punish­ for his confirmation hearings as Chief Justice) reveals two ment) is pervasive throughout his writings and opinions. But striking examples of Rehnquist' s hostility to the rights of the a cursory reading of the Federalist Papers, for instance, will individual. During this period; the Supreme Courtheard 30 demonstratethat the Founding Fathers deliberately took great cases concerning allegations of cruel and unusual punish­ pains in creating our scheme of government to insulate the ment. The Court as a whole found constitutional violations institutions of power, particularly the judiciary, from the in 15 of these cases. Rehnquist found none. In the same passions of popular majorities. period, the Court heard 124 cases involving claims of uncon­ In the Federalist No. 78, Hamilton argued that the inde­ stitutional action against an individual. Rehnquist cast the pendence of the judges (that they would be appointed; not deciding vote against the constitutional claim in 120 of the elected), was necessary "to guard the Constitution and the 124 cases. rights of individuals from the effects of those ill humors" which can arise from designing men, or which "sometimes The Rehnquist record disseminate among the people themselves." Judges must not During the 1990-91 term, probably the worst Supreme act on their presumptions or even their knowledge of the Court term in memory with irespect to individual rights,

24 Feature EIR September 13, 1991 Rehnquist consolidated his "police-state" majority. The exposure to pre-trial pUblicity. (This was precisely the same newest justice, David Souter, voted with Rehnquist 80% of reasoning by which the 1988 frameup conviction of Lyndon the time, giving him a 6-3 majority on many of the key cases LaRouche and six associates was upheld.) The Mu'Mim discussed below . ruling was a particularly cynical one, because any lawyer Following are some of the specific provisions of the who has ever tried a case in court knows that potential jurors Constitution and the Bill of Rights which Rehnquist has lie through their teeth in order to get on juries, and that initial ripped up in recent years: professions of impartiality are totally worthless without addi­ Habeas corpus (Art. n, Sec. 9): The "great writ," by tional probing. which federal courts are empowered to review convictions Search and seizure (Fourth · Amendment): Rehnquist of prisoners for constitutional violations, has long been tar­ has never met a search or a seizure he didn't like. For years, geted by Rehnquist and the Justice Department for extinc­ the Fourth Amendment has been under attack by the Burger tion. Habeas corpus was considered so important to the and Rehnquist Courts; this continued last term. Founding Fathers that it was written into the text of the In County of Riverside v. McLaughlin, the Court said Constitution itself. This past term, the Supreme Court drasti­ that a suspect can be detained for '48 hours (longer on holi­ cally narrowed the use of habeas by prisoners in two impor­ days and weekends) without probable cause being shown in tant cases. either a hearing or a warrant. In Coleman v. Thompson, the Court held that state pris­ In Florida v. Bostick, the Court held that police can oners who fail to comply with procedural (i.e., technical) board a bus and ask to search passengers' baggage without rules cannot have their cases reviewed by a federal court, violating the Fourth Amendment. A passenger can always even if the procedural default was the fault of the lawyer refuse, the Court said with a knowing wink. and not the prisoner. This case involved a death row inmate In California v. Acevedo, the : Court again broke prece­ whose lawyer fileda habeas petition to a Virginia state court dent and allowed police to search an entire car and and to three days late. search closed containers (luggage, etc .) within it. In McCleskey v. Zant, the Court said that state prisoners In California v. Hodari, evidence dropped by a fleeing (and by implication federal prisoners as well) get only one suspect can be used as evidence, even if the police did not chance to bring a habeas petition before a federal court­ have any reason to chase the individual. even if new evidence is discovered after the first petition is Last year, in u.s. v. VerdugO-Urquidez (a Thornburgh heard . This ruling was particularly outrageous, because state Doctrinecase) , the Supreme Courtsaid that the United States authorities had lied and hidden the relevant evidence from does not need a search warrant to search property abroad the prisoner and his lawyer. owned by foreign citizens. (In other words, anybody any­ Two years ago, in Teague v. Lane, the Court said that where in the world can be prosecuted for violating U . S. law , new decisions could not be applied retroactively to challenge but the government can freely violate U.S. law in the course existing convictions if they create "new rules" that courts of prosecuting such a person.) could not have been expected to have known at the time. Self-incrimination (Fifth Amendment): Rehnquist and Then last year, the Court said that death row inmates aren't the Justice Department have been unrelenting in their desire entitled to the benefitsof changes in constitutional law decid­ to eliminate the 1966 Miranda ruling. The Supreme Court ed while their cases arepending . In a dissent, Justice William began cutting Miranda back in 1971, and Rehnquist carved Brennan, Jr. said that this "strips state prisoners of virtually out a big "public safety" exception to Miranda in the 1984 any meaningful federal review of the constitutionality of case Quarles v. New York. In 1987 the Court said it was their incarceration . . . the court has finally succeeded in its "harmless error" for a prosecutor to question a defendant thinly veiled crusade to eviscerate Congress' habeas corpus about his post-arrest silence . And m this last term, the Court regime. . . . After today , despite constitutional defects in ruled that the use of a coerced confession in a trial does not the state processes leading to their conviction or sentencing , violate the constitutional provision against self-incrimina­ state prisoners will languish in jail-and others like Butler tion if it is determined to be "hrurmless error." will die-because state courts were reasonable, even though Due process (Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments): For wrong." years , Rehnquist has been extendang the concept of "harm­ Trial by jury (Art. ill, Sec. 2; Sixth Amendment): In less error" in criminal proceedings. "Harmless error" is a Mu'Mim v. Virginia, the Court wiped out the right to be particularly insidious doctrine, and thus a favorite of tried by a fair and impartial jury. The case involved a capital Rehnquist. It states that even if the Constitution was vio­ murder trial , in which 8 of 12 jurors admitted having been lated, it is "harmless" if there is otherwise sufficientevidence exposed to extraordinarily prejudicial publicity about the of guilt. In practice, what it really means is that if a judge murder. Rehnquist, writing for the Court's majority, said thinks a defendant is guilty, any violation of his or her that as long as the jurors said they could be impartial , a constitutional rights is "harmless. l' No longer do such ''tech­ judge need not question them further about the effect of their nicalities" as the Constitution of the United States stand in

EIR September 13, 1991 Feature 25 the way of getting a conviction. "political" branches should be able to do pretty much what The right to counsel (Sixth Amendment): Coleman v. they want, and they should be freefrom such annoyances as Thompson, the habeas case cited above, in which the prison­ civil rights suits brought by citizens seeking to enforce legal er is to die because of the lawyer's mistake, also clearly or constitutional rights. bears upon this fundamental constitutional right. Another egregious example was the Court's upholding In the 1989 Giarratano v. Virginia case, the Court said ofthe 1986 sentencing reform act, which imposes mandatory that a state prisoner does not have the right to a lawyer after minimum sentences for most offenses. Here the Court vio­ his first appeal. lated the separation of powers by giving the U.S. Sentencing In the 1990 case Michigan v. Harvey, the Court allowed Commission the power to fix mandatory sentences and tak­ prosecutors to use statements taken from criminal defendants ing all discretion away from judges. in violation of their right to counsel, in order to impeach Supremacy clause: This is probably the single most their inconsistent testimony in court. important specificprovision of the Constitution, which gives In 1989, the Court upheld the provisions of the RICO effect to the commitments of the Preamble "to form a more (racketeering) act which prevent defendants from hiring law­ perfect l,Tnion, establish justice ...and secure the blessings yers of their choice by freezing their assets before trial. of liberty to ourselves and our posterity." This clause pro­ Cruel and unusual punishment (Eighth Amendment): vides that the Constitution, and the laws made pursuant Just this last term, Rehnquist upheld the use of prejudicial thereto, "shall be the supreme law of the land," and that "victim impact" evidence in capital cases. Justice Antonin judges in every state shall be bound by federal constitutional Scalia, who has been a fervent proponent of introducingthe law. community "consensus" into Supreme Court rulings, cited Rehnquist's view is preciselythe opposite:that the feder­ the "victim rights" movement in his concurring opinion. In al courts should not interfere with state governments and his dissent, Justice John Paul Stevens called this ruling "a state courts. Thus he has limited the access of citizens to the dramatic departure fromthe principles which have governed federal courts under the doctrine of "abstentionism." Today our capital sentencing jurisprudence for decades." Victim­ it is virtually impossibleto get into federal court to challenge impact evidence, said Stevens, "sheds no light on the defen­ the constitutionality of police-state actions by state officials. dant's guilt or moral culpability, and thus serves no purpose State officials, not federal courts, now have the final say as other than to encourage jurors to decide in favor of death to theconstitutionality of their actions. (This was the ironyof rather than life on the basis of their emotions rather than President Bush's recent endorsement of the ongoing federal their reason." court intervention against the pro-life demonstrators in In keeping with Rehnquist's policy ofallowing the states Wichita, Kansas. Rehnquist and his backers have vigorously virtually unlimited leeway in criminal cases, the Court al­ opposed the exercise of federal jurisdiction to protect the lowed Michigan to impose a mandatory, no-parole life sen­ civil rights of minorities.) tence for selling a relatively small amount of drugs. As early as 1975, in the National League of Cities v. Just about eliminating the ability of prison inmates to Usery case, Justice William O. Brennan accused Rehnquist sue for unhealthy or unsafe conditions, the Court said that of repUdiating principles of federal supremacy which had inmates cannot sue prison officials over conditions unless governed the Supreme Court since John Marshall's time. they can show "deliberate indifference"on the officials' part; It is thus not surprising that Rehnquist should praise this allows budgetary considerations to override any claim former Chief Justice Roger Taney, the states' rights advocate of constitutional rights. who dismantled much of John Marshall's nation-building In 1990, the Court said that state officials can require work, and who was the author of the contemptible Dred Scott prisoners who are diagnosed as dangerous and mentally ill decision. Calling Taney a "first-rate legal mind," Rehnquist to take anti-psychotic drugs without seeking court approval. says: "His willingness to find in the Constitution of the Rehnquist is right at the front of the mob which is howl­ United States the necessary authority for states to solve their ing for more and more executions. (Ironically, the death own problems was a welcome addition to the nationalist penalty bloc on the Court is virtually the same as the "pro­ constitutional jurisprudence of the Marshall Court." life," anti-abortion bloc.) Many of the decisions cited above It is not surprising that Chief Justice Rehnquist, as an involved death penalty cases. Among the barbarous actions avowed opponent of the philosophy and principles on which which have especially disgraced the United States among our Constitution is based, should be the instrument of de­ civilized nations, was the 1989 upholding of executions of stroying the role of the federal judiciary as the guardian of juveniles and the retarded. the Constitution. He has intentionally left no barrierbetween Separation of powers: Rehnquist has abdicated the Su­ the citizens and the Hobbesian tyranny of the police state. preme Court's responsibility to enforce the Constitution with regard to the Executive and Legislative branches. In case Edward Spannaus, fo rmer law editor of EIR, is a researcher after case, his and his Court's declared policy is that the fo r the Constitutional Defense Fund.

26 Feature EIR September 13, 1991 The U. S. Constitution: tough on tyranny, not soft on crime by Edward Spannaus

The way William Rehnquist and the Department of Justice exist to protect the innocent against arbitrary prosecutions tell it, the current crime wave is the result of the liberalism and unjust convictions. The fact is that the Framers of the of the Warren Court in the 1960s. By creating a new set Constitution and the Bill of Right!! did place a higher value of "rights" that are nowhere found in the Constitution, the on protecting the innocent than on convicting the gUilty. Warren Court"handcuf fed the police" instead of the crimi­ They were well aware how criminal prosecutions could be nals, and made it impossible for the good guys to convict the used for political or other nefarious purposes. bad guys. The parade of horrorsalways starts with the famous As Alexander Hamilton put it in Federalist No. 83: "Arbi­ Miranda case and its warnings to suspects that they have a trary methods of prosecuting pretended offenses, and arbi­ right to remain silent; it continues through the "exclusionary trary punishments upon arbitrary convictions have ever ap­ rule" and a long list of rulings which, they say, showed more peared to me to be the great engines of judicial despotism." concern with the rights of criminals than the rights of their But nevertheless, Hamilton and many others were less victims. than enthusiastic about codifying the rights of the citizens into The Department of Justice and Rehnquist seem to agree: a Bill of Rights. An enumeration of certain rights, they The Bill of Rights is nothing more than an impediment to thought, might be interpreted as appearing to disparage oth­ conviction. The DoJ's misnamed "Truth in Criminal Justice" ers. "They would contain variousexceptions to powers which series (see accompanying article) argues that such provisions are not granted; and, on this account, would afford a colorable as restrictionson interrogation (Miranda), or the requirement pretext to claim more than were granted," Hamilton argued. that prosecutors not deal directly with an accused who is The Framers knew (unlike our academic experts today) that represented by counsel (Massiah), or the exclusionary rule the Constitution in its broad sweep was not an enactment of prohibiting the use of illegally obtained evidence, simply positive law (except as to the specific structureof the govern­ prevent the obtaining of confessions which would reveal the ment, and the allocation of powers), but rather it was declara­ "truth" about crimes. The Supreme Court, in this view, has tion of pre-existent natural law and natural rights. simply made up rules which make it more difficult to get at thetruth . Self-incrimination Crime has risen, but the principal causes are the long­ The Fifth Amendment, with its prohibition against com­ term economic collapse, the loss of any sense of progress pelling anyone in a criminal case "to be a witness against and hopein the population, and the promotion of the drug himself," is a good example of tbe legitimacy of such con­ trade by sections of the political and financialestablishment. cernsabout the dangers of enumer!ltinga Bill of Rights. This As a nation, we have written off an entire generation of prohibition has come to be inteljpreted as merely barring youth, particularly poor and black youth. But as crime rates the use of torture or coercion to compel self-incrimination, have risen, so have rates of conviction, length of sentences, usually on the grounds that such cqercedtestimony is unrelia­ and rates of incarceration. Rates of conviction of suspects ble. But it was regarded as "self-evident" at the time of the have never been higher, and, most telling, almost 90% of enactment of the Bill of Rights, that natural law prohibited convictions result from guilty pleas. The jury trial is almost making one a witness against himself-voluntarily or invol­ an anachronism. untarily, and irrespective of the evidentiary issue of whether But still, frustratedand angered by the obvious moral and or not such testimony is reliable. physical decline of the United States, many people look to The prohibition against self-incrimination is not an inven­ the courts to get "tough on crime," and to get rid of those tion of the WarrenCourt. It even goes back to Talmudic and bothersome "technicalities" which keep criminals on the Roman law (Matt. 27: 11-14; Acts 22:24-30), and Thomas streets. Overlooked-until it's too late-is the fundamental Aquinas. (The Jewish philosopher Moses Maimonides said notion that these constitutional protections ("technicalities") it was a "divine decree" that an accused could not be convict-

EIR September 13, 1991 Feature 27 ed upon his own admission.) In early English law, a confes­ tigations and proceedings. Thus, the "changes" made by the sion made prior to an indictment could not be used; but for Supreme Court have done nothing but attempt to keep up centuries English law, while barring self-accusation before with the changes in the nature of law enforcement. indictment, did permit coerced testimony after indictment. But by 1838, English courts said that authorities could not Trial by jury entrap a prisoner into making statements against himself, and Probably no right was consideredmore importantby the that he must be advised that such statements could be used generation of the American Revolution than trial by jury. against him. Despite complaints by Jeremy Bentham, the Grand juries were regarded an � essential protection against requirement that such "Miranda" warningsbe made to a pris­ arbitrary and politically motivated indictments, and petit oner was enacted into English law in 1848. (trial) juries were a protection against unjust convictions. In The understanding in revolutionary America was broader most jurisdictions, juries were judges of both the facts and than in England, as shown for example by the Massachusetts the law, and thus could "nullify" an unjust law. And juries Declaration of Rights, which said: "No subject shall be held did freely acquit defendants, on a much broader scale than to answer for any crimes or offence, until the same is fully today. Concerning the colonial period, historian Roscoe and plainly, substantially, and formally, described to him; or Pound wrote: "Throughout the seventeenth century, thepow­ be compelled to accuse, or furnishevidence against himself." er of juries to render a general verdict was a chief obstacle to The version used in the U.S. Bill of Rights, however, was the attempt of the crown to use criminal justice for political modeled by Madison on the Virginia Declaration of Rights, purposes." Into the nineteenth; century, Pound says that which was much narrower and not as precise. While early Americanjuries were still predisposed to release the accused. cases recognized the broad privilege (i.e., John Marshall's The conviction rates for the past 40 years show that it is rulings in Marbury v. Madison and U.S. v. Burr), by the end getting easier and easier for prosecutors to get convictions of the nineteenth century the privilege became confused with from juries. In 1948 the rate df conviction by juries was an evidentiary rule, and the Fifth Amendment was reducedto slightly under 60%. It rose to abouttwo-thirds by 1960, and a prohibition against torture to extract testimony. ("Hmmm," 80% in 1988. says Rehnquist to himself. "A little 'good faith' torture? Even though we tend to think of criminal justice in the Sounds like 'harmless error' to me.") old days as much harsher (e.g., many more capital offenses), Incredibly, Rehnquist has characterized Miranda and re­ the reality is that the system was considerably more flexible lated rulings as "creating a new constitutional right," and the and equitable than today. Grandjuries would oftenrefuse to Justice Department "Truth" series calls Miranda "a decision indict (unheard of today), petit juries would often refuse without a past," which "had no basis in history or precedent." to convict, and the use of pardons was very widespread­ especially in capital cases. During the latter partof the nine­ The right to counsel teenth century, almost one-half of all pardon applications We find the same type of situation with respect to the were granted. Sixth Amendment's guarantee of the right to counsel. Today, we have given our prosecutors and courts almost In the American colonies, the right to counsel at trial was unlimited power. Prosecutors can indict whomever they considered a fundamental principle of justice and fairness. want; as the saying goes, a grand jury today will indict a ham In England, the ancient right to counsel had become restricted sandwich. If you are indicted in a federal court today, your over time, particularly in the sixteenth century, so that coun­ chances of conviction arehigher than 80%, unless you agree sel was available to argue questions of law but not matters of to cooperate with the prosecutor� or in the veryrare instance fact, and counsel was allowed for misdemeanor trials but that your case is dismissed. If your case is prosecuted, your not for those involving felonies. This view was rejected by probability of conviction is an astounding 97%. almost all the colonies and by the new states at the time of The constitutional right to a speedy and public trial by the Bill of Rights. jury is almost a thing of the past. the vast majority of criminal The Supreme Court has since extended the right to coun­ cases in both federal and state courts today are resolved by sel to include pre-trial proceedings, not just the trial itself. plea bargains. (It is well known that many innocent defen­ Why? The nature of criminal proceedings themselves has dants oftenenter a plea bargain under pressure fromprosecu­ changed enormously over the past two centuries. There were tors and their own lawyers, who discourage them fromgoing no organized police or investigative forces for most of the to trial.) nineteenth century. (The Framers never envisioned such a Almost 85% offe deral prose¢utions result in gUilty pleas. massive-and unconstitutional-federal police force such as Of the other 15% that go to trial (either a judge or jurytrial) , the FBI and related agencies have become.) In those days, 12% end in convictions, and less than 3% areacquitted. the critical confrontation between an accused and the state We've come a long way over the past 200years . But not took place at trial. Today, most cases never go to trial, and far enough for some. For William Rehnquist, that 3% is for those that do, the die is usually cast during pre-trialinves- probably still too high.

28 Feature EIR September 13, 1991 The Justice Department's totalitarian blueprint

by Leo F. Scanlon

In the opening of his final dissent from the u.s. Supreme calling for a drastic revision of criminal procedure. The re­ Court bench, retiring Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall ports were published by the University of Michigan Journal warned: "Power, not reason, is the new currency of this of Law Reform (Spring-Summer 1989), and ironically enti­ Court's decision-making." He condemned the new Court tled the "Truth in Criminal Justice Series." majority, and identified a long "hit list" of decisions which As Stephen J. Markman, the editor and spokesman for they intend to overturn in the next few years . the series, makesclear, the ideas are drawn directly fromthe Exposing the long-term strategyof Chief Justice William writings of Jeremy Bentham, the British liberal polemicist Rehnquist and the Bush and Reagan appointees, Marshall who devoted his life to destroying the U. S. Constitution and warned that "today's majority ominously suggests that an the concept of natural law which it reflects. Bentham, like even more extensive upheaval of this Court's precedents may his American epigones, focused his venom on the Bill of be in store ....The majority declares itself free to discard Rights (and the Declaration of Independence), precisely be­ any principle of constitutional liberty which was recognized cause they assert the legal sovereignty of the individual, not or reaffirmed over the dissenting votes of four Justices and the interests of the state, as the basis of civil governmentand with which five or more Justices now disagree ....The criminal jurisprudence. This view holds that in matters of majority today sends a clear signal that scores of established criminal law , society's interests areserved only by successful constitutional liberties are now ripe for reconsideration." prosecutions, not by the administration of justice to the indi­ Marshall was referring to the majority opinion in Payne vidual. At its core, it is a doctrine of vengeance. v. Tennessee, in which Rehnquist said that the Court will exercise caution in matters relating to property and contract The Rehnquist kindergarten at work law, but it will eagerly look to override its precedents involv­ As head of the Office ofLegal Counsel during the Nixon ing criminal justice. administration, Rehnquist has been associated with this proj­ Marshall continued: "By limiting full protection of the ect from the beginning. His contemporary, James Voren­ doctrine of stare decisis to 'cases involving property and berg, later key in the creation Of the Law Enforcement contract rights' . . . the majority sends a clear signal that Assistance Administration, was th� head of the DoJ's Office essentially all decisions implementing the personal liberties of Criminal Justice, the earliest predecessor to the OLP. protected by the Bill of Rights and the Fourteenth Amend­ Vorenberg worked closely on criminal code matters with ment are open to reexamination ....The continued vitality Charles Fried, who became the sqlicitor general during the of literally scores of decisions must be understood to depend second Reagan administration when these reports were pre­ on nothing more than the proclivities of the individuals who pared. The head of the Office of Legal Counsel during that now comprise a majority of this Court." time was Charles Cooper, who, in turn, had been a law clerk for Rehnquist after he was appointed to the Supreme Court. The Justice Department 'truth' series Associate Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia served as The "hit list" identified by Justice Marshall includes an head of the Officeof Legal Counsel during the Ford adminis­ array of specific precedents dealing with First Amendment tration. speech and association rights, civil rights and discrimination, The plan of this cabal is to invite prosecutors to bring search and seizure, protections against compelled self-in­ cases to the Court which will allow them to overturn prece­ crimination and double jeopardy, the right to counsel, and dents in criminal law, focusing on cases which involve the various deathpenalty issues. close connections among the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth There is a clear method to the systematic manner in which Amendments . The current public champion of this apparatus the Court is dismantling existing case law . Over the past five is George Bush, who has aggressively sought restrictions on years, a series of eight reports have been drafted by the federal habeas corpus appeals , especially in death penalty Department of Justice's (DoJ) Office of Legal Policy (OLP) cases, and has pushed to eliminate the exclusionary rule

EIR September 13, 1991 Feature 29 (which bars illegally seized evidence from being introduced Amendment. The Supreme Court has already created a gap­ at trial) in each of his recent proposed crime bills. The ing "good faith" exception to these limitations, so that evi­ arguments presented by Markman in the Dol blueprint are dence discovered during a search can be admitted if the the basis for Bush's claim that crime can be controlled by police officer believed he had grounds for conducting the destroying the Constitution. They are carefully constructed search. That is not enough for Bush and the DoJ. They want lies. an "inclusionary rule" which would allow prosecutors to introduce any evidence no IllJltter how it was obtained---or Eliminating habeas appeals manufactured. This is no smj.ll issue. There are a growing The issue of habeas corpus reform (or more properly, the number of cases where the �ourt has been presented with elimination of federal habeas corpus appeals) is central to evidence of criminal mendacity by prosecutors who brazenly this debate, since it is by means of this device that the most hide or destroy exculpatory evidence, only to have the action egregious errors in state courts-where most criminal con­ labeled "harmless error." victions and nearly all death sentences are imposed-are This issue is the front end of a campaign to overthrow corrected. Bush, Markman, Rehnquist, et al. claim that the constituti�nal protections afforded to a citizen during the courts are floodedwith spurious habeas appealsfiled by clev­ time he is most defenseless before the power of the state­ er criminals who are misusing the process to delay their the pre-trial period. For example, the aLP calls for a dramat­ executions. ic increase in the use of undercover informants against an Putting aside the absurd premise that the average criminal indicted suspect. This year, the Supreme Court decided a (or his unpaid defense attorney)is capable of outwitting gov­ case (McCleskey v. Zant) in which prosecutors planted an ernmentprosecutors and several layers of federal judges who informant (a felon who had a court record of fabricating could dismiss a spurious petition at any time, the figures stories for his case officers) in jail with a defendant. On expose the fraudulent nature of Bush's campaign theme. It the dubious testimony of that i informant, the defendant was is true that from 1978 to 1987, federal habeas filings in­ convicted of murder and sentenced to die. The fact that creased 36% and the number of potential habeas petitioners the witness was an informant for the prosecution had been (prisoners) rose by 94%. But, contrary to the propaganda concealed and withheld fromthe defense. Nevertheless, the claims of Bush , the rate of habeas corpusfilings (the percent­ Court upheld the denial of the habeas petition. age of potential applicants who sought habeas relief), dra­ Entrapment of one indicted person by another is not matically declined from 2.54% in 1978 to 1.84% in 1987. limited to prisoners. The DoJ is engaging in widespreaduse Markman and the aLP study further lie in asserting that of defense attorneys, who ate facing indictment on some "there are frequently enormous delays" between conviction charge, to set up their own clients and to run stings implicat­ and the filing of habeas petitions, and point to the flurry of ing associates of their clients. Clients are likewise being appeals filed on the eve of execution as proof of the subver­ used to entrap their attorneys . These and other practices sive use of the great writ. In fact, the study on which Mark­ openly carried out by DoJ prosecutors make a mockery of man bases his claim (done by a Rutgers professor and his the constitutional right to counsel. students), fo und no evidence of such delay, and numerous Similarly, the inquisitors at the aLP call for the right to observers point out that the reason so many habeas petitions conduct interrogations without counsel. The Supreme Court are filedjust before executions is that this is the point at which has gone one better, ruling thatcoerced confessions are now prisoners finallyget an attorney. In recent terms, the Supreme acceptable in the U.S. It must be remembered that torture Court has lashed out at the notion that a defendant has any was found to be widely used throughout the United States, right to competent post-conviction representation, further re­ even as late as 1931, when the Wickersham Commission ducing the possibility of successful appeals by indigent de­ brought the matter to national attention. Convictions based fendants. on torture then, were most common in the South, where, It is not habeas corpus filings, but the legislative initia­ as now, the death penalty is overwhelmingly applied to tives of the Bush administration-which have criminalized impoverished black defendants. the most trivial "environmental" infractions and federalized Justice Marshall concluded with a chilling forecast of all manner of state crimes-that are swamping the federal the fate ofju stice in the United States. Accusing the new judiciary . Bush and Rehnquist seek to eliminate federal habe­ Court majority of a "blatant disregard for the rule of law," as appeals in order to increase the rate of executions and make Marshall said that this past tenn'soverturning of key prece­ a bloody spectacle of their so-called "anti-crime campaign." dents "is but a preview of an even broader and more far­ reaching assault on this Court's precedents. Cast aside today The exclusionary rule hoax are those condemned to face society's ultimate penalty. To­ Another campaign theme raised by Bush involves the morrow's victims may be minorities, women, or the indi­ so-called "exclusionary rule," which prevents the use at trial gent. Inevitably, this campaign . . . will squander the legiti­ of evidence seized during searches in violation of the Fourth macy of this Court as a protector of the powerless. I dissent. "

30 Feature ElK September 13, 1991 simple. And that just isn't the way it was meant to be.Now Interview: Clinton Roberson I know you've got some angry people out there. The people are angry about the drugs that infest the community. There's massive popular support for the d�ath penalty. The people are angry. Most of them would be just as happy to dispense with the technicality of the trial entirely. But, the high court Power, not reason, is supposed to guarantee that popular passions are not the metric in the administration of justice. This Courtis moving in the opposite direction. Take the Payne case. In Payne, the governinghigh court majority upheld the use of victim impact testimony during the sentencing phase of capital trials. Now that just flies in Clinton Roberson, of Louisville, Kentucky, is a criminal the face of this principle. Any decision to impose the death attorney and the President of the Afr ican American Lawyers penalty is supposed to be based SOlely on evidence that in­ Association . The interview was conducted by Debra forms the jury about the charact�r of the offense and the Freeman on Aug. 28. character of the defendant. Now what is the victim impact testimony going to do? All murdersinvolve tragic and grue­ EIR: During 1991, there have been some pretty major de­ some facts. Victim impact statements serve no purpose ex­ velopments in the field of criminal law . The Senate has ap­ cept to appeal to the sympathies and inflame the passions of proved a new crime bill, we've seen some landmark deci­ the jurors. The reason it's been inadmissible in the past is sions handed down by the Supreme Court, Thurgood because passions are not supposed to be the metric. It is a Marshall is stepping down, and Clarence Thomas has been basic and fundamental principle. We've ali leamed it. We've nominated to replace him. How do these developments recited it. Even the most despiseq among us is supposed to change the practice of criminal law? enjoy the guarantee of justice. Roberson: Well, that's a grand question! I'd like to address it firstin general and then, perhaps, more specifically. The EIR: You're something of an expert on the death penalty. general effect is to take the Constitution-most particularly Can you to talk about it in a little qlore detail? the Bill of Rights and the Great Writ of Habeas Corpus-rip Roberson: Let me start by saying ithat the issue is not wheth­ it up and throw it in the garbage can. In his final dissenting er you are for or against the death penalty. The system of opinion, Thurgood Marshall said that "power, not reason, is imposing the death sentence that was approved by the Su­ the new currency of thisCour t's decision-making." And that preme Court in 1976 does not work. The sentencing schemes is precisely the point. approved in 1976 are not sorting out the few for whom the We are witnessing a systematic assault on every major death sentence may be appropriate, the. worst offenders who amendment that protects the rights of the accused. We are in have committed the most heinous crimes-the mass murder­ danger of losing every gain we made during the civil rights ers and serial killers. The overwhelming majority of the peo­ era. And, I'd like to add one important point here: The night­ ple on death row are distinguished not by their crimes, but mare may start with the Supreme Court, but it doesn't end by their abject poverty , debilitatin� mental impairments, and there . It's a trend. Take a look at the crime bill. The number minimal intelligence. of federal crimes carrying the death sentence jumps to 50! Now, here come these boys in Washington and they're It encourages juries to ignore alternative sentences and it going to put restrictions on habeas corpus appeals, they're virtually prohibits federal courts from habeas corpus review virtually ruling out federal review of state trials, no matter of faulty state prosecutions and erroneously imposed death how wrong the final result, so long as the trial was "full and sentences. fair." What's "full and fair?" Over 50 years ago, in the case Now what's this all about? You know , in the old days, of the Scottsboro boys in Alabama, the Supreme Court said especially in the South where I practice, black folks and poor that as a matter of constitutional. law , we would no longer folks , well they weren't going to find much justice in the sentence poor people to death w�thout first providing them state courts. But, if you could hold out, if you could get competent legal representation. Well, we have not fulfilled yourself into federal court, well then, you'd have a shot. You that promise. know , even before the death penalty was outlawed in 1972, Last year, in a capital case in the same state where the thema jority of death sentences were overturned by federal trial of the Scottsboro boys occurred [Alabama], the trial courts. Well, that's all gone now. What did Moynihan say had to be delayed for a day in mid-trial because the court­ about the mentality of the crime bill? "Throw the switch and appointed defense lawyer was drunk. He was held in con­ watch them twitch." tempt and sent to jail. The next morning, he and his client The mentality governing this brand of jurisprudence has were both produced fromthe jail, trialresumed, and the death nothing to do with justice-it's about vengeance pure and penalty was imposed a few days later.

EIR September 13, 1991 Feature 31 This kind of thing is typical. Inadequate representation momentum. They are likely tp obtain the death penalty at is pervasive in the death belt states. A study was recently the trial. Now, this Supreme Court has imposed very strict printed· in The Advocate [a publication of the Kentucky De­ procedural rules on defense lawyers in criminal cases. Most partment of Public Advocacy] that showed that 25% of the of what happens at the trial is going to be insulated frompost­ death row inmates in Kentucky, 13% of Louisiana's, and conviction review because the defense lawyer will end up 10% of Alabama's were represented at their trials by lawyers "waiving" the rights of the defendant, by failing to recognize who have since been disbarred, suspended or imprisoned. and preserve violations of the .Constitution. The poorer the The National Law Journalconducted a six-month study last level of representation, the lesl> scrutiny the case will get in year that found the same kind of thing. Trial lawyers repre­ post-conviction proceedings. So,vindication of a fundamen­ senting death row inmates in the six states they studied had tal constitutional right can be barred because of an incompe­ been disbarred, suspended or disciplined at rates ranging tent defense. Again, the recent rulings say no federal review from 3 to 46 times the overall rates for those states. More than as long as the trial was "full and fair." But look at what we half of the dozens of capital defense lawyers they interviewed accept as "full and fair." We!re going to be executing an said they were handling their first capital murder case when awful lot of people under this �stem. . . . their client was convicted. Capital murder trials in those When we first started, I said the issue was not whether states often took one or two days--comparedwith two weeks you were for or against the deathpenalty . I hope your readers to two months in states with sophisticated indigent defense can now see what I mean. Thei death penalty debate encom­ systems. And the penalty stage-this is where the question passes compelling legal, philoSiOphical, and moral questions. of life or death is really decided-in many cases took no But that's not what I'm talkingiabout here. I'm talking about more than 15 minutes and almost never more than three how it really works in the smalI-town courthouse. You take hours, most of the time with little or no defense lawyer effort away the Supreme Court's role as the nation's conscience to present mitigating evidence. . . . under these circumstances and you can kiss justice good­ There are several reasons. Racism is certainly a factor. bye. Of course, it's most dramatic when the death penalty is But the primary reason is money. Alabama limits compensa­ involved. But ultimately it affects all of us. The trend of this tion for out-of-court preparation to $20 an hour up to a limit Court is to abdicate its most fundamental responsibility. It of $1 ,000.Missis sippi and Arkansas limit the total compen­ affects all of us. sation of defense counsel in a capital case to $1,000. South Carolina pays $10 an hour up to a limit of $1,500.In Georgia, outside the city of Atlanta, capital cases are awarded to the lowest bidder. It's got to take 800-1,000 hours to do an adequate job in a capital case. In these states, if a poor man's Interview: Bruce C. Franche lawyer does that, he's going to get less than the minimum wage. Factor in overhead, the attorney is going to be losing money. Now, what kind of lawyer can you get for that kind of money? Believe me, you do not draw applicants from the top ranks of the legal profession. Most people wouldn't hire us. law m�ng in these guys to represent them in traffic court. These states don't have Legal Aid, they don't have Public Defenders. The lawyers are appointed by the local judges-most of the time dangerous direction they are either young and inexperienced or old, broken down, or incompetent. Bruce C. Franche of Phoenix, Arizona is the past president On the prosecution side it's totally,different. There are of the Arizona Trial Lawyers; Association-Criminal Law district attorneys' officesthat employ lawyers who specialize Section, fo rmer chair of Ariz01llJAttorneys fo r Criminal Jus­ in the prosecution of capital cases. They'repaid well. They tice, and is currently on the national executive board of the get investigative and expert assistance from state and local National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers. He was law enforcement agencies, they have crime laboratories. And interviewed by Debra Freeman on Aug 29. you know, nothing helps advance a DA's career faster than a few good death penalty cases. EIR: There is growing concern, inside and outside the Unit­ ed States, at the degeneration overtaking American constitu­ EIR: What you're describing is pretty awful but obviously tional law under the Bush admlinistration and the Rehnquist this didn't start with the crime bill or the recent Supreme Court. A recent editorial in the Legal Times said the Supreme Court decisions. Court was dominated by a "Police State of Mind." Are we Roberson: No, of course not. But with this kind of system, moving toward a police state? . the prosecution has greater expertise, resources and political Franche: Well, we're certainly experiencing a massive

32 Feature EIR September 13, 1991 expansion of prosecutorial powers in recent Supreme Court But getting back to the pointon sentencing procedure.... rulings. The rights of the accused are being systematically There's a question of proportionality1that has to exist between strippedaway , most frequentlywith the excuse of "adminis­ a crime and the punishment prescribed; that's what the Eighth trative convenience." It's becoming increasingly difficult to Amendment is. mount a vigorous defense ....Yo u'd be surprised at the Under these rulings, I'll tell you what's going to happen. number of attorneys who arejust getting out of criminal law , You get some hophead who gets pulled over by a trooperand going on to accept teaching positions or getting into more he's holding [drugs]; if this guy thinks he's looking at life lucrative fields. We have some of our best criminal lawyers without parole, why not blow the cop away? What's he got going into bankruptcy law, divorce law, stufflike that. . . . to lose? This is the direction we are heading in. We are not going to stop crime with this, we're going to cause the EIR: Why is it more difficultto mount a vigorous defense? commission of larger crimes. The prisons in this country are Franche: Look at the decisions being handed down! Miran­ already busting at the seams. Do you see any decrease in da has been overturned, they've virtually overturned the crime? Fourth Amendment-Bostick authorizes the issuance of gen­ eral warrants.. .. EIR: We have a higher rate of incarceration per capita than any other country . EIR: The argument is that this is necessary in the "war on Franche: Well, it's pretty bad and it will get worse. An drugs." Ohio prisoner sued because of unbearable conditions. He Franche: If you're asking if these are effective techniques, charged cruel and unusual punishment. Now the rule in this the answer is, yes; you know, Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin country is that, no matter what burden the cost of incarcera­ could probably brag about low crime rates. That's the nature tion imposes on the state, there are basic conditions that have of tyranny. A lot of people will go along with this stuff to be met. But the Supreme Court says no, not anymore, not because they think its part of "getting tough on crime" but if the miserable conditions are a result of budget problems, they're not going to be so happy when they see what they've as opposed to what they called "deliberate indifference." Do created. you have any idea how many facilities had to go to "lock Look at what you 've got in practice. Under these new down" when that occurred? Now, I know that some people rulings, its okay to randomly stop, question, and search the say that prison is punishment, that it's supposed to be un­ belongings of interstate travelers . No warrant. No probable pleasant, uncomfortable. Well, you know, presumably it's cause. They can search your car. Same thing. Now on top of not supposed to be punishment in that sense, it supposed to be that you can be arrested and held without being told why, rehabilitative. The aim isn't to torturebut to bring someone to they can arrest you on one charge and question [you] about the point that they can be returned to society. In any case, something else, even ifyou demand a lawyer! And all of this you're dealing with human beings, and we can't forget that. occurs during the pre-trial period when the accused is most vulnerable because it's here that the power of the state is EIR: Do you have anything you want to say in conclusion? most arbitrary. Franche: I'm surprised you didn't ask me about the Thomas This stuff is crazy. You give thestate limitless power like nomination. I do have something td say about that. First, let this, you're not going to stop crime. I would argue that you're me go on record as saying that I do oppose the nomination creating a lawless society. Look, I hope I'm wrong about of Clarence Thomas. I don't think he's qualifiedfor thehigh this, but I think the result of all of this is going to be seen in court and I think the appointment is strictly a political one. terms of things like massive increases in cop killings .. .. Now, a great many people say that Bush is trying to cement Let me give you an example. We've seen a real trend in a conservative majority with this nomination. Well, with or sentences of "life without parole." I'm not talking about without Thomas, he's got his majority. All the rulingswe 've murderershere , but drug charges, repeat offenders, this sort discussed were handed down with Thurgood Marshall on the of thing. They [the Supreme Court] just handed down a deci­ bench. So, no matter who Bush nominates, it's not going to sion in a Michigan upholding the constitutionality of a life change the majority. . . . sentence with no parole for drug possession! The guy had a Right now, we are moving in an extremely dangerous couple of ounces .... direction. There's only one kind of nomineewho would make Lo9k, I'm not condoning drug possession. I'm a defense a difference. He or she would have to be the kind of jurist attorneytoday , but I used to be a prosecutor. The administra­ who would not only dissent, but who would go to the people, tion would like to convince people that all defense attorneys who would sound the alarm. That is not the traditional role are soft on crime, pro-dope, whatever. It's garbage. I'm an a member of the Supreme Court is supposed to play, as a officerof the court. [Thurgood] Marshallpointed out that it's matter of fact, it violates a longstartding tradition, but that's only in an inquisitorial system that the defense lawyer is seen what we need right now. If Paul Revere was available I'd as an impediment rather than a servant to the cause ofjustice . support him. . . .

EIR September 13, 1991 Feature 33 �TIillInternational

U. S. S. R. dead; chauvinism, 'shock therapy' rebuffed

by Konstantin George

The death of the Soviet Union, and its transformation into a principle to establish transitional union structures to regulate new association of independent republics, became a juridical and coordinate their association in a "common economic reality Sept. 5. The U . S.S . R. Congress of People's Deputies space," i.e., an Economic and CUstoms Union, modeledon the conducted its last act of business, voting by a huge majority European Community, and a NATO-like "collective security to replace the Soviet Union with a "loose confederation of system," or strictly defensive alliance, with basing agreements sovereign, independent republics," where each republic is for the stationing of Russian troops on the territory of other free to choose its exact form of its political association to sovereign republics. These agreements will be worked out in this confederation. The confederation includes an associated the near future, as "U.S.S.R." Defense Minister, Marshal of Economic and Customs Union, and a "collective security Aviation Yevgeny Shaposhniko'l, announced Sept. 5. system." The vote approved the creation of transitional inter­ republic state and economic organs, as agreed to by the Presi­ Russian chauvinists clipped dents of Russia and nine other republics, and "U.S.S.R." Russia's President Boris Yeltsin, in a short speechto the President Mikhail Gorbachov, in a lengthy meeting Sept. 1, U.S.S.R. Congress of People's Deputies, Sept. 3, sought to and submitted Sept. 2 to the Congress by Kazakhstan Presi­ allay fears of "Great Russian" domination: "The Russian dent Nursultan Nazarbayev. The "ten plus one" plan also State, after having chosen democracyand freedom, will nev­ voted the Congress itself out of its existence. er become an empire, and be neither a younger nor an older Joining this loose confederation and economic union are brother, rather an equal among equals." Yeltsin also reaf­ Russia, Ukraine, Belorussia, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Azer­ firmed that each republic was free to create its own army, or baidjan, Kirghizia, Turkmenia, Uzbekistan, and Tadjikis­ National Guard, and provide for its own internal security. tan-all the Slavic, all the Central Asian, and two of the In a little-noticed decree o� Sept. 1, the Moscow City three Transcaucasian republics of the former Soviet Union. administration banned all activities and publications of the The economic union is open to any or all of the five repub­ Russian Writers' Union. Thes� were the mass circulation lics-Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldavia, and Georgia­ organs of the crudest Russian chauvinism, Russian fascism, which will not join the confederation. and virulent anti-Semitism-allprinted in Moscow-includ­ By the evening of Sept. 5, whatever institution still bore ing the rabidly racist Molodaya Gvardiya and Nash Sovrem­ the title "U. S.S.R." was of either purely ceremonial and ennik, familiar over the years to EIR readers as the mouth­ transitional character, or a legal fiction masking actual con­ pieces for Russian gutter fascist organizations such as trol by Russia. The U.S.S.R. Council of Ministers was Pamyat, and as the crudest voices for the Great Russian junked for good. Russia's economy and finances are in the "Third Rome" doctrine imperialists. Also banned are the hands of the Russian government, and the same holds true weekly Dyen, and the Russian Writers Union' s Literaturnaya for the other republics. The "U . S.S. R. " Defense and Security Rossiya . Councils are abolished. The only "U.S.S.R." ministries still operating, Defense, the KGB , and Interior, are functioning Silayev rejects shock therapy as arms of the Russian Federation Defense Council. The national leaderships of Russia and the other republics The ten republics in the new confederation have agreed in manifestly lack the comprehensive policies that would ensure

34 International EIR September 1 3, 1991 dynamic economic growth. But their desire to create the gas for agricultural surpluseswith the Republic of Lithuania, conditions for a long period of national economic rebuilding and is negotiating major barter agreements with Ukraine, makes them quite resistant to the "shock therapy" recipes of Belorussia, Latvia, and Estonia. the quack economists beloved of the Bush White House, like Russia and other republics will next seek to reestablish -" , Harvardpunk JeffreySachs . a much larger exchange of goods by barter with German In a Sept. 3 Moscow press conference, blacked out by industrial enterprises based in the former East Germany­ British and U.S. media, Russian Prime Minister Ivan Silayev companies which have been devastated after the collapse of rej ected the lethal economic "shock therapy" which Sachs their traditional "Soviet" market. has applied to Poland. Silayev said that a "shock therapy" approach to "the transition toward a market economy must Transcaucasus trouble spot be avoided," as the people are "tired" and cannot sustain The firstserious trouble spot is apPearing in the Transcau­ "such a shock." Silayev, who heads a three-man Russian casus, where unscrupulous dictatorships have arisen in Geor­ transitional committee to oversee the economy, underlined gia, under President Zviad Gamsaldturdia, and in Azerbaid­ his disagreement with the shock therapy recommendations jan, under Communist coup supporter now turned rabid of the young Russian darling of the Sachs "mafia,"Grigori nationalist, President Ayaz Mutalibov. Yavlinsky, afellow member of Silayev' s economic transition Gamsakhurdia jailed the leaders of Georgia's two main committee. opposition parties, the National Democratic Party and the Silayev stressed that an "economic union of sovereign Popular Front, under the slander that the opposition are states" must be set up to "maintain the unity of the economic "agents of the Kremlin. " The opposition were and arestaunch space" among the republics of the former Soviet Union. He supporters of Georgia's independence, and, in case anyone added that the "economic union" could be expanded to in­ hasn't noticed, there no longer is a "Kremlin" to be an agent clude former members of Comecon, such as Poland, the of. He mobilized the new Georgian! National Guard to pre­ Czech and SlovakFederated Republic, and Hungary, whose pare to move into the two Georgian autonomous regions of industrial and farm sectors heavily dependon exports to Rus­ South Ossetia and Abkhazia, both containing mixed popula­ sia, Ukraine, Belorussia, and other repUblics. Silayev added tions of Ossetians and Abkhazians, Georgians, and Russians, that a "system of coexistence of different currencies" could and both bordering on the Russian Federation. Gamsakhurdia be worked out for inter-republic trade, with centralor nation­ appears intent on provoking the fitst border conflict with al banks acting as a monetary exchange clearing house, Russia, which would be used to try and cast a cloud of uncer­ which would operate on the basis of either transfer rubles or tainty over the accords Russia has: reached with all other European Currency Units (ECUs). This would allow trade in neighboring republics, respecting their territorial integrity. vital raw materials and industrial products to resume, elimi­ In Azerbaidjan, Mutalibov, ri�g a nationalist and anti­ nating the problem of hard currency payments, the roadblock Armenian tide, will win the Sept. 8 elections he has imposed that has caused trade to collapse in this region over the past over the protests of the Popular Front opposition, and use this year. victory as a platform for a virulent catlnpaign against Armenia. An Austrian tradeinsider said on Sept. 4 that the Russians However, if political and econdmic stability can be se­ "have been quietly but effectively establishing trade relations cured among Russia and the other ; new nations of Europe with many countries including Turkey, Hungary, Serbia, located between Brest-Litovsk and tlhe Urals, then whatever Croatia, on such a barter clearing account basis. Now they occurs in the Transcaucasus, albeit ugly, bloody, and tragic, must move to establish such barter arrangements inside the can be strategically contained. former U.S.S.R. and inside Russia itself, but I am rather A finalword on the formerSoviClt Union . It symbolically optimistic that with the new faces in power it will go quickly. "exists" so to speak,in the form of tWo corpses, one a living Only withfood distribution am I a litle concernedin the short person, but a political corpse, namely Mikhail Gorbachov; term, but otherwise I am very optimistic." the other, a biological corpse, is V.1. Lenin. On Sept. 3, Silayev gave his press conference after having signed a Yeltsin said that once the short transitional period ends, Gor­ landmarkfirst Russian-Polish barter trade agreement, where bachov will have to run for "U. S.S .R." President in a popular accounts will be settled on the basis of a transfer ruble. Under election. He will be buried democtatically, by the voters. this, Russia will resume large-scale exports of oil and gas­ On Sept. 5, after the Congress of: People's Deputies was the two products most needed by Poland's desperate econo­ dissolved, Mayor Anatoli Sobchak bf "Leningrad" (soon to my-in exchange for Poland's agricultural and food product resume its traditional name of St. Petersburg) announced that surpluses-what Russia most needs to avert the danger of "the time has come to properly bury Lenin." This means winter famine. In what may prove to be a little side irony of that before long, the mummy of the leader of the Bolshevik history, the deal was signed on the Polish side by Mr. Shock Revolution will be moved out of the Mausoleum on Red Therapy of Poland, Deputy Premier Leszek Balcerowicz. Square, past which millions of pppressed people have Russia has concluded a similar deal for exchanging oil and traipsed for nearly seven decades, aM into the ground.

EIR September 13, 1991 International 35 there will not be famine. Enough of scaring and being scared. It is better that we get to wor� on our goodearth, which after all, no matter how scarce things were, has not betrayed us." He went on to insist, "The prognosis is that we will obtain 190- 195 million tons of grain appears likely to come true. Hunger winter could That is appoximately the samelevel of harvest we had during the firstthree years of the fi�year plan, and nobody at that imperil new republics time, as I recall, was hollen.tg about famine. Why is there such a panic today?" by Denise Henderson The credit issue The panic however may be well justified. There are no A debate has broken out in the press of the former Soviet new credits readily forthcoming fromthe west for food, with Union on the question of whether or not the republics (partic­ the exception of Germany. And the new Union does not have ularly the Russian Federation), in light of the drought condi­ the hard currency which was available to the Soviet Union tions in some parts of that region, will be able to survive the during its 1980s oil boom fot purchase of agricultural food­ winter without experiencing a devastating famine or hunger stuffs . Thus, the debate over the harvest may have this other winter. All during the summer, the Soviet press has been aspect to it: At a time when hard currency is scarce, and filledwith alarm about the lack of machinery and manpower needed for the import of oth�r consumer goods, why waste to bring in the harvest. it on food imports? On Aug. 26, the chairman of the Russian Federation's Yet even such a debate is improperly focused. Creditto Supreme Economic Council was asked on Radio Rossii, "If the Russians should not be ' considered a net loss by any the worst happens, will Russia be able to feed itself ...if westernbanker, but rather as representing a potential gain in many republicsleave the Union and if the economic links are terms of providingadditional agricultural productivity for the broken?" world. The issue for the we�t-and the Russians-is both Bocharov's replypresented a stark reality. "For the next a short-term and a longer-term perspective to remove the year or six months," he said, "it is physically impossible constant threat of famine by improving infrastructure in the because the economy as a whole is so integrated within a breadbaskets of the Russian Republic and of Ukraine. single economic space that Russia would not be able to feed The Russians need firstand foremost to be integrated into itself. We do not have sufficient resources, including hard the LaRouche Productive Triangle program, which would currency resources, although Russia, in this respect, is the mean extensions of the high+speed rail system to Kiev and richest. We need ...to continue to be integrated .. ..With­ Moscow, with branch-lines �xtending outward from there. out deliveries from those republics, we will not be able to Indeed, the optimum plan fQT improving agricultural infra­ implement deliveries to the extreme north regions and to structure would include not only high-speed transport to the some other regions of Russia, where the bread situation is cities, but also irradiation fllcilities to prevent spoilage of already extremelydifficult today ." fruit, grain, and vegetables; About 10-40% of the crops which are now spoiled or f�d to livestock could be saved 'Enough of scaring' through irradiation. On the same day, however, an Izvestia journalist who The former Soviet Union is at a branching point in many regularly writes on agricultural affairs insisted that the coun­ respects, not the least of wbich is agricultural policy. An try could make it in the coming months. "Hard times do await exchange program several months ago allowed Russian, us, unless we ourselves, and I stress this word--ourselves, Ukrainian, and other farmers to come to Germany and to do not really seriously and without delay, and all together (I begin to learnmodem western farming techniques. Thereare have in mind the center, the republics, and the remote rural tens of thousands of former "cpllectivists" fromeach republic areas) tend to the question of our daily bread. who want to reestablish the family farm system now. With " ...No 'emergency measures' for bringing in the har­ the help of the west, such a program would be another path vest will help or can help," Gavrichkin continued. "The path to "peace through development. " to a solution of all problems, including the foodprobl em, is The danger is, however, that if such a development policy not such 'emergencies,' but an understanding of the situa­ is not carried out, the former Soviet Union, like the rest of tion, and accord, without which joint actions are impos­ the world, will divide itself into a "North" and a "South," or sible." a "First World" and a "Third ,World" as one astute observer Gavrichkin emphasized, "If we succeed in helping the warned EIR several months ago. Should such a scenario countryside today, there will of course not be an abundance develop, the world will see the tragedy of Yugoslavia repeat­ of food, but neither will there be a dearth, and what's more , ed on a grander-and much more destructive-scale.

36 International EIR September 13, 1991 bergis said: "I tried to reach Gorbachov in the Kremlin, but there was only one of his aides, who told me that it was totally out of the question to wak<1 him up during the night. Lithuanian President In desperation, I called the White ijouse in Washington. And there, I got only the answering machine. At that point, I still tells the truth really had the feeling of having be�n abandoned by the West as well as by the East. " Landsbergis stated that it was �uring that night, when he by Hartmut Cramer and the people who protected the parliament had to face the Red Army withoutinternational support, that Lithuaniabecame If George Bush thought he could "buy off' the Baltic leaders sovereign and its army was created. "In that night, I was out by finally opening diplomatic relations, he has been mistak­ amidst the crowd of our people, and, in front of a priest, our en. In an interview in the French daily Le Figaro Sept. 2, guards and myself prayed. That act,gave birth to our army; the Lithuanian President Vytautas Landsbergis, the most daring army as sign of a state, an army to defend the state." and outspoken of the Baltic leaders, leaves no doubt that the During these critical moments, Russian President Boris best of these leaders know that sticking to the principles of Y eltsin "was the only one who helped us and he did so unity of morality and politics and telling the truth is the most immediately. He called on the Russian soldiers not to raise effective weapon at their disposal. their hands against Lithuanian civiJiansand not to participate "One might wish that the Baltic politicians continue to in the oppression of people who kgitimately hoped to gain speak such a clear language as in the past; if they further their independence." Landsbergis added that Yeltsin "was refrain from realpoliticking, as Lithuanian President Lands­ the first to recognize our independence, the only one who bergishas oftenmocked the cowardlybehavior of the western didn't let us down during the dramatic events of January politicians, and stick to their policy of telling the truth no 1991, and during the coup in Moscow, we have again found matter what-a policy which has just been proven to be the ourselves to be on the same side of the barricades. He fought, correct one in the long run-then the participation ofthese whereas the westerners cautiously waited to see which way small countries in the internationalpolitical arena is a gigan­ the wind would blow. In fact, the West was ready to accept tic gain for the entire world," this author wrote in the Sept. the power of the coup plotters." 6 EIR . Fortunately, EIR's forecast is being confirmed. Landsbergis said that this did not surprise him, since the "The Westerners Haven't Even Lifted a Pinky for Us," West had betrayed the Baltic people in the 1950s, during the was the headline of the interview, accompanied by a smiling partisan struggle against the Sovi¢ts, and had done virtually photo of Landsbergis showing the V -sign as he was talking nothing in the last three years to sqpport Lithuania's fightfor to his people. Echoing U.S. political prisoner Lyndon independence. The way Yeltsin acted, he explained, "who LaRouche,for whom the political fightagainst the East-West has the first place in our heart," might surprise those in the condominium is primarily a cultural one, Landsbergis, an West who hope to manipulate the Russian President. "For outstanding musician and a rather good chess player, lectured him, as for us, politics has to be linked to morality. For him, on statecraft, describing the strategy he and his friends used as for us, politics cannot be reduced to a simple pragmatic against the Soviet oppressors as "cultural resistance." calculation, a simple strategy." He added that the West had underestimated Yeltsin. Yes, he was termed a populist, Lan­ The political and cultural fight dsbergis said, but "I also was given all these names. I was "Contrary to what one might believe, I took part in pre­ an extremist, a nationalist, a provocateur. ... All these paring the recent events already in the last decades," Lands­ cliches were only used to disguise reality." bergis told Le Figaro . "I wasn't passive. In my lectures on history of music and on art, and in my journalistic articles, I A snub to Bush always had in mind those values which we have to defend: To drive that point home, Landsbergis, after Bush had thevery values, which are opposite to those the Soviet Union again nervously looked to Gorbachov before finallyannounc­ wanted to impose upon us. My colleagues in the university ing Sept. 2 that he would send diplomats to the Baltic states, and myself, we did not defend our music for music's sake, left for a state visit to Hungary just befo re Bush's envoy or our art for art's sake. Above all we wanted to deliver arrivedin Vilnius, effectively telling him he had more impor­ the proof, that Lithuania existed as a historical and cultural tant things to do. entity. Above all, our fightwas a political one." How long will Bush and others have to cope with such Reviewing the "very tragic night" of Jan. 12-13, 1991, refreshing "open diplomacy"? When asked how long he when Soviet Interior Ministry special forces brutally de­ would stay on as President, Landsbergis told Le Figaro: "For ployed their tanks against unarmed civilians at the TV tower as long as is needed to accomplish the work. An artist always in Vilnius, killing 14 and wounding over 400 people, Lands- feels very well when his work is finished."

EIR September 13, 1991 International 37 to Bush, who advised this course. Whether this is trueor not, the fact that such a story was leaked is already an indication of a new state of mind at the Elysee presidential palace. France is fe d up with The speeches by Socialist Party leaders at the party's summer school were even more indicative of the change in Mitterrand's policy mood in the French government The rankand fileSocialists are known to be extremely unhappy with France's tailing behind Bush, in particular since the Gulf war. Speeches by by Christine Bierre European Community President Jacques Delors and by For­ eign Minister Roland Dumas indicate that the government is The virtual support given by French President Fran�ois Mit­ preparing an anti-Bush turn , to 'save whatever it can of the terrand to the Moscow coup, during a nationally televised Mitterrandpresidency and if pos$ible, of the honor of France. statement on Aug. 19, the evening of the putsch, could mean The ."temptation of hegemohism" seems to be the new the end of the Mitterrand regime, or at least of the unholy phrase used to attack the "only superpower left," the United alliance of France with Britain and the United States which States of George Bush. In his speech, Dumas expressedcon­ emerged during the Gulf war. cernthat " America might reign Without a counterweight. . . . Mitterrandin his statement refused to issue a full condem­ I am telling our American frie.ds: They �ust realize that nation of the coup, and instead read a statement from the being the world's top power creates not only possibilities and junta pledging to maintain all international commitments of rights, but also duties." He urged the U.S. not to give in to the U.S.S.R., stating that he would judge the "new regime" the temptation to try to shape every world event to its own ' through its acts. profit. The world is entering a ''new historic phase," said This was the fourth major foreign policy error committed Dumas, who definedthe top pri�rity as being the leveling of by Mitterrandsince the revolutionary process started in east­ differences between the rich andl the poor and dealing with ern Europe, and the fact that the President has totally missed Third World problems. the train of history has created a crisis of confidence in the Denouncing the "hegemonism" of the United States was national government. When the Berlin Wall came down, also one of the themes of an intervention by Jacques Delors on Mitterrand triedhis best to halt the reunificationof Germany, Sept. 2, in a radio interview. Speaking about the Yugoslavian declaring that it would take five years , and paying a visit crisis, Delors deplored the fact that Europe has no military to East German "liberal communist" leader Hans Modrow . force which could have been deployed into Yugoslavia for a France refused to support the independence of the Baltic peacekeeping effort, and hoped that "a strong French initia­ countries, and more recently sided with the pro-communist tive" would be laUnched toremedy this situation. Ajournalist Serbs against the independence of Slovenia and Croatia. asked Delors whether the crumbling of the eastern empire But Mitterrand' s support for the junta in Moscow pro­ has not led to the emergence of a 'lunique universal superpow­ voked a deeper national shame. Said parliamentarian Jean­ er, the United States," and if this would not lead to a "tempta­ Fran�ois Deniau: France used to be proud of being among tion of hegemonism." Delors replied: "I would not like to the more progressive nations, and now we are among the finishmy political career, leaving to the younger generations most reactionary. Attacks against Mitterrand are rampant a Europe which is not powerfulor well organized enough not within his own Socialist Party . The faction around former to be forced to submit, in one way or another, to an excessive Defense Minister Jean-Pierre Chevenement denounced this influenceof the U.S.A." "The answer is yes," statedDelors , latest mistake and also Mitterrand's support for the Serbs. to the question of whether this tendency toward hegemonism Within the Socialist camp, people are talking about "Bourgu­ was visible during the course of iooportant internationalnego­ ibism," in reference to former Tunisian President Habib tiations. "Why lie and look for little formulas, when the Bourguiba, who became senile and insisted on governing answer is yes," he said. anyway, making wild and erratic decisions. Reports are that Washington says it is not opposed to the construction of many of Mitterrand's closest advisers are now extremely a united Europe, continued Delor'S, but "when I gave a speech disaffected with Mitterrand and are demanding a general in London calling for a common European defense, we saw review of policies. the reactions immediately." Far from going against NATO, such a defense would strengthen NATO, said Delors, com­ Demands for a break with Bush plaining that the U.S. has great difficulty in accepting such Mitterrand's latest mistake will, ironically, create the a view. conditions that can lead to a breakdown of the "special alli­ ance" with President George Bush. Already an article in the Words or deeds? leading daily Le Monde of Sept. 2 indicated that Mitterrand's We will judge these leaders by their deeds, not their virtual support for the coup-plotters came after a phone call words , to return to Mitterrand' s formula.

38 International ElK September 13, 1991 French Foreign Minister Roland Dunas, on the left with U.S. Secretary of State James Baker on a visit to Washington in February 1991 , when France was collaborating closely with the United States in the war against Iraq, is now positioning France for an anti-Bush turn to save whatever it can of the presidency of Franc;oisMitterrand (inset, with Helmut Kohl).

There are indeed signs that the French government will Jacques Delors is supporting Attali in this respect, and put its money where its mouth is. Since Mitterrand's deplor­ mentioned a specific project in Leningrad which he would able statement, the general tendency of the government has like to finance. Delors also indicated that before the end of been to backtrack full-speed on all the touchy issues. Thus, the year, the EC will be sending a "signal" to the former East Foreign Minister Dumas managed to be the firsthigh-ranking bloc countries, in the form of political-economic and cultural representative of a major European countryto reach Vilnius, agreements with the EC . This does not constitute full mem­ the capital of Lithuania, to negotiate the establishment of bership, but will lead to an association status. Concerning' diplomatic relations with all the Baltic states. Serbian com­ the former Soviet Union, Delors indicated that the EC aid munist strongman Slobodan Milosevic was called in for a will be in several forms: 1) short-term financial aid to deal meeting at the Elysee, where he was pressured to adopt the with inflation; 2) short-term aid to help the republics get new European peace plan, while Croatian President Franjo through the winter, with food and medical supplies; and 3) Tudjman, who also met with Mitterrand, was reassured con­ technical aid of $169 million for development of distribution cerningEC support for Croatian independence. and transport networks, energy, and education of company Finally" the French governmentis determined to increase administrators . Delors announced that the equivalent of over aid to the former Soviet Union, despite tremendous resistance $1 billion in food and medical aid has already been sent. from the banks that are still smarting from recent losses in Finally, Economic and Finance Minister Pierre Berego­ those markets and older losses on their loans to the Soviet voy left for Moscow the firstweek in September, announcing Union. that "one should imagine a kind of Marshall Plan" for the France's Jacques Attali, the president of the European former U.S.S.R. Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), visited This is all very promising, but the litmus test will be Moscow as soon as the putschists had been defeated, and whether the French insist on applying the International Mon­ called for a Europe of 30 countries, including all the former etary Fund's free market "shock therapy" methods to the Soviet republics. Attali has been fighting for the United eastern economy, or whether they will returnto a Colbertist­ States and Japan to lift their veto on the question of the Listian approach to economic development, from the Atlan­ ridiculous $200million ceiling on EBRD credits to Russia. tic to the Urals.

EIR September 13, 1991 International 39 President by the Constitution." Subsequently, Athulathmudali revealed that in fact the group sought abolition of the country's presidential system, in favor of "restoring the sovereignty of the Parliament"­ i.e., reintroduction of British-style parliamentary democra­ cy. Ironically, it was the dissidents' mentor, Jayewardene, War clouds on the who had supported establishment of the "executive presiden­ tial system" in 1978, and who reapedbenefits from it through­ horizon in Sri Lanka out the 1980s, when he was President. As it stands at this writing, Premadasa has convincingly demonstrated that the dissidents do not have sufficientvotes by Ramtanu Maitra and Susan Maitra to bring him down, and has withdrawn his objection to a referendum on the executive presidency. His fiery charge On the surface, the constitutional crisis in Sri Lanka, brought that the impeachment move was inspired by India promptly about by a group of renegade members of Parliament belong­ brought the Buddhist clergy, otherwise suspicious of his ef­ ing to the ruling United National Party (UNP), is the product forts to resolve the Tamil ethnic problem, to his side for the of a continuing conflict between the Oxbridge-educated up­ time being. per crust Sinhala elites and the lower strata of the Sinhala But as the dispute drags on, the charges and counter­ community, represented by President Ranasinghe Pre­ charges are becoming more ugly. At the outset, President madasa. Premadasa, who banned casino gambling a year ago, accused Beneath the surface, things are considerably more the dissidents of having taken money from casino owners to murky. There is certainly a concerted move to topple Presi­ stage the rebellion. Now the dissidents have producted a dent Premadasa, on the charge of usurpationof power, which photo of one Joe Sim, a Singapore-based casino owner who is being led by two proteges of former PresidentJunius Jaye­ was deported from Sri Lanka, meeting with the President's wardene, Garnini Dissanayake and Lalith Athulathmudali. wife and ministers loyal to Premadasa. Premadasa, for his part, has reacted like a street-fighter and In another expose, the dissidents charged that thePrema­ is pulling out all stops, including the charge that his ouster dasa government had armed the separatist Liberation Tigers is being orchestrated by India, to beat back the assault. of Tamil Eelam (LTIE) against the Indian Peace Keeping But it isn't exactly a straight fight. There is a curiously Force (IPKF). "The late Ranjan Wijeratne [then minister of coincidental series of moves under a "human rights" banner defense] complained to me that he was unhappy at the deci­ to revive the Sinhala terrorist Janatha Vimukti Peramuna sion to give arms to the LTIE to fightthe IPKF," Athulath­ (JVP) , all but extinguished by Premadasa, and an overlap­ mudali, who resigned recently as Premadasa's education ping web of international intrigue in which the British hand minister and who had been Jayewardene's security chief, is already clear. told a press conference Sept. 3. He said the cabinet had not It is impossible to predict the outcome of the battle at this been informed of the decision to arm the L TIE, and added writing, or to foretell just what it will mean for this weary that in the event of an inquiry, many Army people would little island nation, tom by ethnic strife for the past eight testify to this. years. But it is safe to assume that with the collapse of Soviet Dissanayake, who was never taken into the Premadasa power and the resurgence of the Anglo-Americans following cabinet, went a step further, charging that the LTIE was the Persian Gulf war, Sri Lanka's strategic significance has given arms even after New Delhi announced the withdrawal not been overlooked by those busy mapping a "new world of the IPKF. Premadasa had opposedthe 1987 accord signed order." by President Jayewardene and Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, which had provided for Indian military intervention Impeachment demanded as part of a phased plan to resolve the ethnic strife between In a quiet coup of a sort, Dissanayake and Athulathmudali Tamil and Sinhala communities in Sri Lanka. It was Prema­ and their followers got together with the main opposition dasa who oversaw its termination and the end of the Indian party , the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) , whose political mediation efforts . Indian officials had earlier accused the influence has been in decline since the early 1980s, and pro­ Premadasa administration of such duplicity. duced a list of charges against their own President, which was then quietly handed over to the Speaker of the Parliament Move to revive JVP terrorists on Aug. 28. The charges concluded with the demand to start Curiously, the move to oust Premadasa was preceded by impeachment proceedings against President Premadasa. The a series of moves over the past six months to revive the JVP, crux of the indictment is that "the President has assumed for the Sinhala terrorist group with Maoist ideology that came himself powers which are not vested in the office of the into its own during the tenure of Mr. Jayewardene, when the

40 International EIR September 13, 1991 civil war between the Tamils in the north and the Sinhala The British government's involvement in Sri Lanka reached community took a violent form. The 1983 riot in the capital an all-time high in the mid-1980s, with the growth of the of Colombo-when indiscriminate killings of Tamils and JVP and the war with Tamil secessionists. Ironically, Haim looting and arson of Tamil property set the stage for an all­ Divon, the head of the Israeli interest section based in the out war between the two communities-was allegedly car­ American embassy in Colombo, complained to a Hindustan ried out by the JVP. Times reporter that although the Israelis were being cursed Although the allegation, that President Jayewardene had internationallyfor their involvemeq.t in Sri Lanka, the British used the JVP to execute that riot, was never substantiated, it were giving "much more assistante" in the war to contain is nonetheless a fact that it was during his tenure that theJVP the Tamils. grew from its localized southern stronghold to menace the It was during this time that Atqulathmudali, as Jayewar­ entire country. During 1986-88 the JVP killed thousands, dene's National Security Minister, brought British "ex-"Spe­ many of them members and leaders of the ruling National cial Air Services people and Israeli Mossad experts into Sri Party . From the outset of his presidency, by contrast,Prema­ Lanka to train commandos. dasa made destruction of the JVP's influence a priority. His defense minister, Ranjan Wijeratne, sacrificed his own life The case of David Gladstone in a ruthless annihilation campaign against the terrorist group Against this backdrop, the peCUliar case of David Arthur that was by and large a success. Gladstone is of more than passing interest. On May 30, a On Feb. 19 of this year, abid was made, with internation­ little more than a week after former Indian Prime Minister al backing, to revive the JVP. A meeting of women from Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated, the Sri Lankan government differentparts of Sri Lanka in Colombo was declared illegal declared British High CommissionerGladstone persona non by the Premadasa government. The women formed the grata . The Premadasa governmentWanted to expel the envoy "Mothers Front" as a rallying point for the JVP-to the ap­ on charges of "unwarrantedinterfe rence in the internalaffairs plause of diplomats from Britain, the United States, Germa­ of Sri Lanka," but gave in to pressure from London to let ny, Canada, and Australia, whose governments had begun Gladstone depart under his own steam. a campaign against the Premadasa government for alleged According to reports , GladstoJile, who masquerades as a human rights violations. human rights activist, created a sensation when he visited Soon after, in early March, a delegation from Amnesty some polling booths in Matara district on May 11 and lodged Internationalvisited Sri Lanka. Conveniently, Defense Min­ a report with police that malpracti¢es were being carriedout ister Wijeratne, who had described Amnesty International by ruling UNP supporters on behalf of the local member of as "a terrorist organization," was dead by then. Amnesty's Parliament, H.R. Piyasiri. President Premadasa lashed out representatives held discussions with presidential adviser at Gladstone, without naming him; at a function with foreign Bradman Weerakoon, Defense Secretary Cyril Ranatunge, diplomats. "There are those who s1lillthink they are our colo­ and lnspectorGeneral of Police E.B. Pereira. nial masters," he fumed, accusing such types of interfering with the country's sovereignty. Aristocrats and international intrigue Indeed, Gladstone's activity was highly improper for a One local weekly has charged that Athulathmudali has well-trained diplomat, who is the great-grandson of a the late been in contact with a "Western embassy" since he resigned British prime minister and a blueblood at that. Gladstone's from the Premadasa cabinent to lead the attack against his diplomatic career included a stint at the Middle East College boss. Athulathmudali has issued a routine denial, but the for Arabic Studies and a long tour of duty in various Arab chargeitself can hardly be considered earthshaking. countries. Gladstone's praise by ILord Taylor of Gryfe in The Sinhala elite-in particularthe aristocratic goigama the House of Lords in January unOerscores his value to the community to which Jayewardene, Dissanayake and Athu­ service. I lathmudali all belong-has always been close to its former There are several more elements to the case. It seems that British rulers . Its members are educated in Britain and, like Member of Parliament Piyasiri had drawn Gladstone's ire Gamini Dissanayake when he was dropped from the Prema­ with the accusation that he had held meetings with drug dasa cabinent, run to London on "sabbatical" at the drop of traffickers. Signficantly, Gladstone had been posted earlier a hat. "The fact remains," an Indian analyst commented, as consul general in Marseilles, France-the prime heroin "that Sri Lanka's elite, which had taken on the mantle of export outlet, when the French starteddealing with Southeast authority from the British, has never reconciled itself to Mr. Asian opium. Marseilles became 1m important heroin-refin­ Premadasa's humble origins." Furthermore, he had almost ing and exporting point-thanks in partto the takeover of the completely marginalized them politically. dockworkers union by the international wing of the AFL­ The other side to it is the well-known fact that British CIO in the 1960s-and remains so to this day. diplomats in Sri Lanka publicly claim that, since the country It is a fact that both the JVP and the LTIE deal with drugs is a former British colony, it is in their sphere of influence. to buy guns and explosives. i

EIR September 13, 1991 International 41 U. N. Human Rights body passes strong condemnation of Israel

The United Nations Economic and Social Council Commis­ 1949 to these territories, sion on Human Rights Subcommission on Prevention of Dis­ Recalling the relevant Security Council resolutions, spe­ crimination and Protection of Minorities, 43rd session, cifically resolutions 605 (1987) of 22 December 1987, 607 meeting in Geneva in August passed thefo llowing resolution (1988) of 5 January 1988, 608 (1988) of 14 January 1988, by a vote of 16 in fa vor out of the total of 23 legal experts 636 (1989) of 6 July 1989 and 681 (1990) of 20 December entitled to vote: 1990, I Taking note of the reports of the Special Committee to Agenda item 6 Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of Question of the violation of human rights and funda­ the Palestinian People and Oth�r Arabs of the Occupied Ter­ mental freedoms, including policies of racial discrimina­ ritories submitted to the Genel"al Assembly and the relevant tion and segregation and of apartheid, in all countries, reports of the International L�bor Organization, the United with particular reference to colonial and other dependent Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization countries and territories: Report of the Subcommission and the World Health Organization, under Commission on Human Rights Resolution 8 Recalling with concern the press releases issued by the (XXIII) International Committee of the Red Cross in Geneva on 13 Draftresolution submittedby Mr. Alfonso Martinez, Mr. January 1988 and on 13 and 19 August 1988 withrespect to Chernichenko, Mr. Ilkahanaf, Mrs . Ksentini, Mr. Sachar, repeated violations by Israel ofthe Fourth Geneva Conven­ Mr. Suescun Monroy, Mr. Tian Jin and Mrs. Warzazi tion relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of 19911 ...Situation in the Palestinian and other Arab War of 12 August 1949, and its continuous refusal to apply territories occupiedby Israel the provisions of the Convention in the occupied territories, * * * Reaffirming its previous resolutions in this respect, The Subcommission on Prevention of Discrimination and Deeply alarmed at the persistent refusal of Israel to re­ Protection of Minorities, spect the Fourth Geneva Convention and to apply it to the Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter Palestinians in the occupied Palestinian territories, and at of the two International Covenants on Human Rights, in the systematic and established. violations of human rights by particular the principles of equal rights and self-determina­ Israel over the past 24 yearsand its persistence in perpetrating tion of all peoples, acts of killing, wounding and arresting against the Palestinian Mindful of the principles and humanitarian provisions of people and in deportation and expulsion of Palestinian cit­ the four Geneva conventions of 1949, of the principles and izens, provisions of international law and of the obligations arising 1. Reaffirmsthat the Israeli occupation of Palestinian and from the Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of other Arab territories, includiqg Jerusalem, itself constitutes War on Land, annexed to The Hague Convention No. IV of a gross and systematic violation of human rights and further 1907 , constitutes aggression under international law; Noting that, in accordance with article 1 of the Geneva 2. Reaffirms also that the continued perpetration by the conventions of 1949, all States parties to the Conventions Israeli occupation authorities ofdeli berate killing of Palestin­ have undertaken to respect and to ensure respect for the con­ ians, including children, breaking the limbs of young men ventions under all circumstances, and causing grave harmto theit physical integrity, subjection Recalling all the resolutions of the General Assembly and of cities, villages and camps to living conditions designed the Commission on Human Rights condemning the practices to strangulate and destroy them by imposing curfews and of the Israeli occupation authorities in the Palestinian and preventing their provision with food and medical supplies, other Arab territories occupied by Israel, which affirm the firing gas bombs into houses, mosques, churches and hospi­ applicability of the Fourth Geneva Convention of 12 August tals, thus causing the death of many people by asphyxia,

42 International EIR September 13, 1991 severely beating pregnant women and throwing gas bombs other occupied Arab territories and calls for them to be dis­ inside their homes, thereby causing them to miscarry, tortur­ mantled and confirmsthat all measures taken by Israel with ing Palestinian detainees, imposing collective punishment the purpose of annexing these territories oraltering the politi­ and administrative detention upon thousands of Palestinians, cal, cultural, religious or other character of Jerusalem and expelling and deporting Palestinians from their homeland, the Palestinian and other Arab territoriesoccupied since 1967 confiscating land and establishing Israeli settlements in the are illegal, null and void; occupied Palestinian territories, bringing Jewish immigrants (c) Its continued occupation of the Syrian Golan and from several parts of the world and settling them on these its defiance of the relevant United Nations resolutions, in territories, thus modifying their demographic character, clos­ particular Security Council resolution 497 (1981) of 17 De­ ing schools and universities, desecrating holy places and cember 1981, and reaffirms that the decision by Israel in demolishing houses all constitute grave violations of interna­ 1981 to impose its laws, jurisdiction, and administration on tional law and the provisions of the Fourth Geneva Conven­ the occupied Syrian Golan is null and void; tion relativeto the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of (d) The inhuman treatment and terroristpractices in viola­ War, of 12 August 1949; tion of human rights which the Israeli occupation authorities 3. Reaffirmsfurther that the Fourth Geneva Convention is continue to exercise against Syrian Arab citizens in the occu­ applicable to the Palestinians and to the Palestinian and other pied Syrian Golan for their refusal to carry Israeli identity Arab territories occupied by Israel, and that the continued dis­ cards and in order to force them to carry such cards, practices regard and rejection of the provisions of the Convention by which constitute a flagrant violation of the Fourth Geneva Israel constitute gross violations of the principles of interna­ Convention of 12 August 1949, and requests all States and tional law, and that it is therefore the responsibility of the competent international organizations not to recognize any international community to provide protection for the Pales­ Israeli laws, jurisdiction or administration in respect of the tinian people under Israeli occupation, in accordance with the occupied Syrian territory; relevant Security Council resolutions and the provisions of 8. Reiterates its support for the convening of an interna­ the Fourth Geneva Convention, until the end of the Israeli tional peace conference on the Middle East, under the auspic­ occupation of the Palestinian and other Arab territories; es of the United Nations, in which all parties to the conflict, 4. Calls upon the States parties to the Fourth Geneva including the Palestine Liberation Organization, would par­ Convention to apply article 1 of the Convention, to ensure ticipate on an equal footing and with the participation of the respectby Israel for the convention and to secure protection permanent members of the Security Council on the basis of for the Palestinian people under occupation in accordance Security Council Resolution 242 (1967) of 22 November with articles 9, 10, 11 and 12 of the convention; 1967 , as well as of all relevant General Assembly resolu­ 5. Reaffirmsonce again the right of the Palestinian people tions, in particular those that define and confirm the inalien­ to resist the Israeli occupation by all means, in accordance able rights of the Palestinian people, particularly their right with United Nations resolutions, and affirmsthat the intifada to self-determination, and calls for the withdrawal of the of the Palestinian people, which began on 8 December 1987, Israeli occupation forces from all occupied Palestinian and is one such means confirming their determination to liberate other Arab territories, including Jerusalem; their land from the Israeli occupation and to exercise their 9. Confirms that any attempt to solve the Arab-Israeli national rights on their national soil; conflictoutside the framework of the above-mentioned inter­ 6. Reaffirms also the inalienable rights of the Palestinian national conference is not based on tlheinternational legitima­ people to return to their homeland, to self-determination cy constituted by the principles of the international law that without foreign interference and to establish their indepen­ governsarmed conflictsamong countries, as well as the rele­ dent sovereign State on their national soil, in accordance with vant United Nations resolutions on:Palestine and the Middle resolutions of the General Assembly and of the Commission East, will not contribute to solving the real problem, and on Human Rights, and the principle of the right to self­ will maintain the current conflictthat threatens the area with determination of all peoples; continous wars; 7. Condemns Israel for: 10. Requests the Secretary-General to provide the Sub­ (a) Its gross violations of the rules of international law commission, at its 44th session, with an updated list of re­ and of the Fourth Geneva Convention of 12 August 1949 ports , studies, statistics and other documents relating to the through the systematic practices mentioned in the present question of Palestine and other occupied Arab territories, resolution, and calls upon Israel to desist immediately from with the texts of the most recent relevant United Nations those practices and to withdraw from the Palestinian and decisions and resolutions and the report of the Special Com­ other Arab territories occupied by force, in accordance with mittee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human the principles of international law and the relevant United Rights of the Palestinian People and other Arabs of the Occu­ Nations resolutions; pied Territories, and all other information relevant to the (b) Establishing Israeli settlements in the Palestinian and implementation of the present resolution.

EIR September 13, 1991 International 43 ment leaders who had capitulated under pressure andproposed "working withinthe system"of the Deng Xiaopingdictatorship , functioning as agents of either the Deng regime or of the Bush administration. The broadly circulated Chinese language ver­ sion of EIR has carried the continuous warning that no true China waits fo r reform or economic development could take place under the auspices of the Anglo-American "free trade" dogma peddled the volcano to erupt by Deng's circleof friends around Henry Kissinger,and certain­ ly not while the best young minds of the country were being killed or mentally straitjacketed. by Michael O. Billington In 1989, following the Tiananmen massacre,E1R founding editor Lyndon LaRouche forecast: "From inside mainland Chi­ During the week following the collapse of the coup in the na, moving to sweep westward across the vast Soviet empire, Soviet Union, Beijing attempted to maintain the appearance and into South America, a powerful revolutionary force has of calm in the face of the world-shaking collapse of the Soviet erupted" in the form of nationalist movements against commu­ empire, leaving China alone with Cuba and North Korea as nist tyranny and the "mass-murderous, usurious tyranny of the the last communist hold-outs. But many sources reported that International Monetary Fund conditionalities. . . . It will topple the leadership was preparing a state of emergency, and had the already doomed communist regime of Beijing, and press placed the military on alert. By Sept. 1, the political commis­ toward the dissolution of Moscow's 'prison house of sar of the Nanjing Military District was reported to have nationalities.' " confirmed the military alert, with high security established While many found it hard to conceive of the Communist along the Soviet border and at airports, while the 1 million Partyof the Soviet Union crumbling, that realityhas now forced People's Liberation Army (PLA) troops who had been de­ the realization that LaRouche was right, and that the leadership ployed to counter the devastating damage of the recent floods of the Chinese movement to replace the remnants of the Maoist were returned to barracks as a precaution. nightmare must be forged rapidly. The economy in China, Vice Premier Wang Zhen, one of the last remaining "Old which has already generated over 100 million jobless peasants, Men" of the Maoist era desperately trying to hold back the has reached a point of total bankruptcy in the industrial sector, tide, first spoke out on the dire necessity to maintain strict while thegovernment is concernedonly withthe boo ming "free party control over the military. Praising the PLA for its suc­ trade zones" along the coast, dominated by labor-intensive, cess in crushing the "counter-revolutionary rebellion"-the foreign-run businesses and drugs. The next upsurge will un­ massacre at Tiananmen Square on June 4, 1989-and for questionably include broad support from desperate working repressing the unrest in the largely Muslim Xinjiang region class and peasant layers. on the Soviet border last year, Wang displayed obvious con­ Some spokesmen for the Anglo-American establishment cern that the Army may not follow such orders the next aremimicking the Chinese leadership's crythat "it can'thappen time . One U.S.-based Chinese analyst with close ties in the here." Council on Foreign Relations member and journalist mainland said, "The Old Guard only know how to rule in Daniel Southerland wrote a special for the Washington Post one way-pathologically. The collapse of the Communist entitled "Hard-lineChina 's Economy Far Outshines Reforming Party in Russia totally discredits these Old Men, and now Soviet Union's," incredibly arguing that everyone is happy and everyone is just waiting for the volcano to erupt." prosperous in China due to the iron-fistedrule. British Prime Minister John Major demonstrated the true Remoralization of the Resistance extent of Anglo-American sponsorship for the horrors of the The developments in Russia have provided a much need­ Chinese regime this week during his visit to China, where he ed remoralization of the Chinese, especially among the De­ reestablished full diplomatic relations as part of a broader pro­ mocracy Movement leaders. The betrayal of their efforts by cess of virtually merging the Chinese and Hong Kong (i.e., the Bush administration, which rushed to defend the butchers British) banking systems. Major, in Moscow for a few hours of Tiananmen Square and maintain the lucrative cheap labor before travelingto Beijing, laid a wreath on the spotwhere the concessions being set up along the China coast, took a toll three martyrs of the Soviet coup attempt had been killed, then on the leaders who had looked to the U.S. for support. Now proceeded directly to China and to Tiananmen Square, where the Chinese are looking to the freedom of the former captive he reviewed the troops who carried out the massacre two years nations of Europe, and potentially of the Russian people ago! But even Major was forcedby the renewed strength of the themselves, where they recognize the fruits of their own Democracy Movement to give lip service to the demand for the martyrdom. freedom of the leaders of the Democracy Movement, Wang Even more important, the Chinese leadership now stands Juntao and Chen Zirning, who are now threatened with death exposed and discredited, along with those Democracy Move- by torturous conditions in Chinese prisons.

44 International EIR September 13, 1991 Panama Report by CarlosWe sley

Learning the ' American Way' pendence. Panamanians learnthe true meaning of United States justice: Judge Guillermo Salazar, an En­ The rule of law does not apply. dara appointee, was firedby the U.S.­ installed regime because he ordered Carlos Villalaz, Panama's Attorney General during Noriega's term of of­ fice, to be freed on $50,000 bail. The T he United States Constitution is CItIzens, the proportion of blacks Executive appeaJed thebail and got an worthless--that's the opinion of the jailed in the United States is fivetimes appeals tribunal to "increase it to $1 U.S. Justice Department. The issue larger, 3,109 per 100,000 black million, which shows clearly that they came up on Sept. 4 as the U.S. trial of Americans. didn't want Villalaz free ," said Judge Panamanian Gen. Manuel Noriega was Other Panamanians have also got­ Salazar in a radio interview on Aug. getting under way in a federal court in ten acquainted with U. S.-style admin­ 26. Villalaz was jailed at the time of Miami. Attorneys for the Panamanian istration of justice. There are thou­ the invasion, and even were he con­ leaderpresented a motion to interrogate sands that were killed, maimed, or left victed of the charges against him, said Raymond Takiff, aformer lawyer for homeless or jobless when George Judge Salazar, ';he would have been Noriega, who, as it now turns out, was Bush sent his invading forces to get released because he has already working all along as an informant for Noriega in December 1989. served the sentel)ce." the U.S. Justice Department. The lessons continue. Formerleg­ Nonetheless1 because he followed The fact that Takiff was a spy for islator RigobertoParedes was recently the law, Judge Salazar was fired. So the prosecution at the same time that convicted and sentenced to 18 months were other Endara appointees who he was serving as Noriega's lawyer in jail for being the "intellectual au­ took their roles ' seriously, including violated the general's Sixth Amend­ thor" of an assault that the alleged vic­ Judge Anastacid de Leon, and Judge ment rights under the U.S. Constitu­ tim denied took place. And, although Guillermo Z6iii$a. All of them were tion to attorney-client confidentiality, Paredes already served the 18 months fired without following any of the es­ argued Noriega's current defense law­ in jail, having been kept in preventive tablished procecjlures. "I was never yers. Not so, replied the U.S. Justice detention since the invasion, he is still given a hearing/' said Judge Salazar. Department.Noriega is not a U.S. cit­ in prison because the prosecution has "I was just told that if 1 didn't submit izen. "And the Constitution does not appealed the sentence for being "too my resignation, 1 would be fired. 1 was protect non-citizens of the United lenient" ! given half an hour to present my resig­ States," said Assistant U.S. Attorney After former University of Pana­ nation." Sonia O'Donnell. So much for equal ma dean Cecilio Sim6n was forced to Salazar refused to knuckle under, protection under the law. go into hiding this summer to avoid so he was fired. The document order­ The blatant contempt of Justice being thrown into jail, without trial, ing his dismiss� states explicitly that Department officials for even the ap­ on trumped-up murder charges, for­ he was fired for freeing Villalaz (who pearance of the rule of law, shows mer U.S. Attorney General Ramsey has been re-arre$ted) and "to serve as how far the United Stateshas traveled Clark wrote U.S.-installed Panamani­ an example so it doesn't happen down the road to becoming a police an President Guillermo Endaraurging again." state. If you think only the rights of him to "make sure there are no abuses To describe the administration of foreigners such as Noriega are being of prosecutorial power." This pro­ justice currently in Panama under abused, think again. The U.S. has voked Endara's ire . U.S. occupatioq, Salazar told an an­ more of its citizens in jail, per capita, Because it is forbidden by Pana­ ecdote: "The other day a lawyer told than any other country in the world; ma's Constitution, wrote Endara in me that judges no longer dare to make more than Red China, more than the his July 22 reply to Clark, "the Execu­ decisions. That 'if someone were to Soviet Union under communism, tive branch cannot get involved in the bring groundles� charges against Joan more even than South Africa. As EIR affairs of the Judicial branch." But, of Arc or Mothei Theresa of Calcutta, reported in its Sept. 6 issue, the situa­ according to former members of the charges which ,hould obviously be tion is even worse for non-white Panamanian judiciary, Endara is sub­ dismissed, no judge would dare to Americans. While South Africa has jecting judges to a "chain of terror" to throw the cases qut of court for fear of 729 black prisoners per 100,000black ensure that there is no judicial inde- reprisals. "

EIR September 13, 1991 International 45 j InternationalIn telligence

in reality an attempt to remove the Army's' food production in the region. The revolt, Aoun leaves Lebanon, leadership and force a change in the govern­ which Willi financedand armedby the CIA, repudiates rotten deal ment's anti-military policy. The federal ap­ British intelligence, and the Israeli Mossad, peals court threw out the prosecution's forced the government to abandon the half­ charge that the Dec . 3 action constituted a finished Project. General Michel Aoun, the former prime military coup against the Menem govern­ Another factor was Sudanese efforts to minister of Lebanon who was ousted by the ment, and convicted the accused on the exploit th� country's vast oil potential. Most Syrian puppet regime of President Elias charge of mutiny. As part of their punish­ of Sudan'$ oil reserves werein the war zone. Hrawi, leftLebanon on Aug . 30 for France . ment, all of the 15 officers have been What p cularly concerned the Anglo­ He had been housed in the French embassy � stripped of their rank. AmericanSis that the proceeds fromoil sales in Beirut for the last 10 months, since the In an exclusive interview with EIR pub­ would allow Sudan to pursue its plans to time the Syrians completed their occupation lished on Aug. 30, Colonel Seineldin de­ make Sudanthe bread basket of Africa. of Lebanon . Hrawi reportedly offered Aoun scribed himself as a political prisoner, like safe passage out of the country on condition so many others in the world who fight "for that he stay out of Lebanon and out of poli­ their people's independence." The sentence tics for five years . 'Don't leave Jerusalem of "indefinite confinement" for Colonel According to a report on French RTL Seineldin, who is a hero of the 1982 Malvi­ to Bush and Gorbachov' radio Sept. 3, Aoun threw out this rotten nas War, means a minimum term of 20 to 25 agreement, which the French Foreign Min­ years . Sentences for most of the other 14 "Let's not leave the future of Jerusalem and istry had worked out, and issued a political officers tried with him range from 10 to 20 of Lebanon in the hands of Mr. Bush and declaration to his supporters . The statement years, with only two officersreceiving three Mr. Gorbachov," said the vice patriarch of is being distributed in the form of a leafiet, years or less. Jerusalem, Lufti Laban, speaking on Aug. in which he declares that Lebanon has no 28 at a meeting of the group Comunione e government, and that President Hrawi and Liberaziop.e in Rimini, Italy. are the people around him traitors who have At thi$ time, said Laban, "the Christians put Lebanon under Syrian domination. Sudanese triballeader are the true protagonists of the dialogue in RTL reports that the French Foreign the Holy l-and." Continuing with his attack Ministry is furious over what Aoun has John Garang is ousted on the n�w world order, . Laban said that done , and sent an emissary to Aoun's place there will'never be peace without a solution of exile, reminding him that he is required The Sudanese People's Liberation Army to the Palestinianprobl em. "Letus hopethat to keep his mouth shut. (SPLA) ousted its leader, John Garang , on the U. S.A., which is so ready to enter a war Aug . 30, an event that brings hope for peace in the name of peace, will be ready also for in Sudan in the coming months. Garang had truly living together. So far, Jerusalem was Argentine courtup holds led a southern tribal revolt against the Suda­ always c�sed to dialogue. But I say that nese government in Khartoum over the last �ither it will become everybody's capital , or Seineldin 's life sentence six years . it will not be anybody's political capital." The military wing of the SPLA, in an­ Monsfgnor Sfeir, the patriarch of Anti­ The Buenos Aires federal appeals court nouncing the reasons for his ouster, com­ och, also attacked the new world order: ruled on Sept. 2 to uphold the sentence of plained that Garang was not serious about "This new world order is worrisome for us; life imprisonment for Argentine nationalist negotiating peace with the central authori­ I think it worries everybody a little bit." leader Col . Mohamed Ali Seineldin, first ties. It is now expected that peace negotia­ dictated by a military court last January. tions between the SPLA and Khartoum will Seineldin and 14 other officerswere charged proceed rapidly, and that the civil war may FrencfJjud ge will for their role in the Dec . 3, 1990 uprising soon end. The SPLA has been in serious against the Army high command. difficultydue to the collapse of the Mengistu indict[rranian regime The carapintadas. or "painted faces," a regime in neighboring Ethiopia last spring, reference to the camouflage paint worn in where the SPLA had been based. It is wid�ly expected that Jean Louis Bru­ battle, and the term by which the Army's From the standpoint of foreign intelli­ guiere, � magistrate in charge of the case nationalist faction is known, can appeal to gence services that were fanning the flames of the mufder of formerIranian prime minis­ the Supreme Court as a next step. of the civil war, one of the main reasons ter Shabplour Bakhtiar, will soon indict the The Dec . 3 action, Iyingly portrayed in for the SPLA revolt involved the Sudanese Iranian state for the Aug. 6 assassination of the international press as an attempted coup project to build the Jonglei Canal on the Bakhtiar, 'according to the Paris newspaper d'etat against President Carlos Menem, was Nile, which would dramatically increase Le Figaro of Sept. 3.

46 International EIR September 13, 1991 f Brilifly

• RUSSIAN Foreign Minister An­ drei Kozyrev on Aug. 28 called for the Soviet Union to stop all aid to Cuba and Afghanistan. His state­ ment, featured by Radio Moscow, was given in an interview to the newspaper KomsomolskayaPravda . The article, signed Bernard Morrot, FMLN wants is "cease-fire terms that are states that the judge is expecting to confirm tantamount to an armed peace . They want • FIDEL CASTRO says he 's will­ very soon information received from the to be able to carry out maneuvers and contin­ ing to negotiate with the U. S., if French and British secret services. This ue to recruit in a large swath of the country, Washington abandons its policy of would be the firsttime in history that a state so as to be ready for the possibility of having "force and intimidation" toward is indicted for terrorism, and it puts Presi­ to returnto fighting." De Soto defended the Cuba, as represented by the existing dent Franc;ois Mitterrand in a very delicate FMLN demand , saying a cease-fire without trade embargo, UPI reported on Aug. position, in view of his new policy of alli­ such guarantees would be like jumping into 28. A Foreign Ministry official ex­ ance with Te heran and the trip he has been an empty swimming pool . Other FMLN de­ plained that Cuba was circulating a planning to take to Te heran in the very near mands are including people of "diverse po­ resolution at the U.N., approved by future . According to Morrot, many of Mit­ litical views" in the militaryand police train­ the Latin American Parliament, terrand's close advisers are telling him to ing academies, and reforming EI Salvador's which calls for lifting the embargo. cancel the trip , because he cannot afford yet defense doctrine . another foreign policy fiasco. President Cristiani has responded that • A STUDENT demonstration oc­ The suspect arrested and extradited to the FMLN demand is a "total impracticali­ curred recently in Beijing's Tianan­ France, Ali Vakili Rad, has admitted to be­ ty." He explained: "The main objective here men Square, according to the U.S.­ ing part ofan assassination squad. The judge is to create a disarmed political party from based Chinese-language World Jour­ is now trying to establish the complicity of the FMLN .. ..They have to come in. They nal Today of Aug. 30. An unspecified the Iranian embassy in Berne, Switzerland have to take the risks ....All we can do is small number of demonstrators were in safe housing Vakili and/or Azadi, the oth­ to try and give them the same security that all arrested. They carried signs say­ er suspect. we give any other citizen here ." ing China mdst follow the lead of its Bruguiere, a specialist on Middle East Russian big brother, and called for terrorism, has also been in charge of several the dismantling of the Communist other dossiers of Iranian opposition figures Party . murdered by the government, and is per­ Ukrainians are angry suaded that "Ali Vakili Rad could hold the with President Bush • THE UKRAINIAN indepen­ red thread leading to the highest authorities dence movement Rukh nominated of the Iranian state ." "For Ukraine, dirty Bush is dead, and Vyacheslav Chornovil as its presi­ Ukraine is moving ahead as if Bush doesn't dential candidate on Sept. 3. Chor­ exist," is the mood in Ukraine as described novil's son Taras gave an interview Salvadoran rebels want to EIR on Aug . 28 by a Ukrainian source to EIR, published April 19, 1991, in familiar with the thinking of the republic 's which he praised the role of Lyndon to join armedfo rces leadership. This anger at Bush was already LaRouche iIi developing what be­ very strong afterhis speech in Kiev on Aug. came known as the Strategic Defense U.N. Secretary General Javier Perez de 1, which many Ukrainians view in retro­ Initiative. "Perhaps the West cannot Cuellar has offered to mediate talks between spect as having been a "green light" for the fully apprecip.te the impact the doc­ the EI Salvadoran government and the Aug. 19 coup attempt . trine had on us," he said. FMLN terrorists, with the stated intention In a speech to the Ukrainian parliament, of "cutting the Gordian knot" that has sty­ Bush had said that "Americans will not sup­ • THE PALESTINIAN Youth Or­ mied the negotiations thus far in that coun­ port those who seek independence in order ganization, External Branch sent a try 's civil war. to replace a far-off tyranny with a local des­ letter to the Organization of Ameri­ That "Gordian knot" is the guerrillas' potism. Americans will not aid those who can States Inter-American Commis­ demand that, in exchange for a cease-fire, promote a suicidal nationalism based on eth­ sion on HUll/.an Rights on Aug. 26 they be incorporated into the country's po­ nic hatred ." He added that "freedom" is not urging the OAS to investigate viola­ lice and armed forces, simultaneous with a the same thing as "independence." tions of Lyndon LaRouche's human drastic reduction in the size of those forces The occurrence of the coup attempt, rights . "The iovernment of the Unit­ and a purge of "repressive elements." Bush's refusalto recognize the Baltic repub­ ed States is violating human rights. The FMLNclaims that only through as­ lics even after Russia and then all of Europe We urge that you tum your attention similation of their forces into the El Salva­ had recognized them, and his contemptuous to the study and investigation of polit­ doran military can their safety be guaran­ statements about the Ukrainian freedom ical prisoner Lyndon LaRouche," teed. U.N. "peacemediator" Alvaro de Soto movement, were the last straws, our source read the letter in part. has sympathetically explained that what the reports .

EIR September 13, 1991 International 47 �TIillBooks

Te ll the truth about the Gennan rocket scientists

by Marsha Freeman

and other slanders against Lyndon LaRouche personally and against numbers of his collaborators (some of whom, like Secret Agenda this author, are Jewish). However, for those German scien­ by Linda Hunt tists for whom she could find �o damning evidence of war­ St. Martin's Press, New York, 1991 time atrocities (some of them !were no more than teenagers 340 pages, hardbound, $19.95 at the time), she brands as Nazis nonetheless, because they have worked with "well-known anti-Semite" LaRouche. And Hunt's "proof' of LaRpuche's supposed "Nazi-like" Linda Hunt's book on the postwar Operation Paperclip, views comes from lying "documentation" from the Anti­ which brought German scientists to the United States, has its Defamation League of B 'nai � 'rith (ADL) and other politi­ own "secret agenda," far different fromthe stated purpose of cally biased organizations. S� reports not a word on what exposing new-found atrocities by "Nazi" scientists who were LaRouche has written or said on any subject, including in his secretly brought to America. Her diatribe is directed at those many campaigns for public office. But without batting an who have opposed the Justice Department's "Nazi-hunting" eyelash, she does report that the CIA describes LaRouche as witchhunt through the Office ofSpecial Investigations. That heading a "violence-oriented'1 cult. This is the same CIA opposition has been by the German rocket scientists targeted which she has spent multiple! chapters attacking for using by OSI; by the families of various European emigres who former "Nazi" doctors to run illegal, immoral, and secret were accused of being "Nazis"; and by economist and politi­ experiments on unsuspecting U.S. soldiers in the MK-Ultra cal figure Lyndon LaRouche, his collaborators (including project. What a credible source! this author), and publications such as Fusion magazine, to Hunt's account of a publiCI scientific conference held in which he was a contributor. 1985, to honor the late German scientist and visionaryKrafft The Officeof Special Investigations' "Nazi-hunting" unit Ehricke, is one of the most e!gregious examples of willful of the Justice Department was set up at the instigation of misrepresentation in the book, (Certainly she cannot claim Rep. Elizabeth Holtzman's 1978 amendment to the immigra­ she did not have the time or access to material, since she had tion law, but it was not mass-murderers who were sought fiveyears to research the subject, which is completely in the by OSI's intrepid "investigators": Rocket scientists such as open literature.) Hunt describe!sthis conference, which took Arthur Rudolph, who put more than 30 years of their lives place in a hotel in Reston, Virginia June 15-16, as "an anti­ into fulfillingtheir dream of moving human civilization into OSI rally held at LaRouche's peavily guarded estate in July space, have been hounded as if they had been the enforcers 1985." In fact,·the conference was open to the public and she of Hitler's "final solution." herself could have attended. Present and/or participating in this supposed "conspiracy" to defend "ardent Nazis" were 'Guilt' by slander and association not only German rocket sqientists and Mr. and Mrs. This book is not unique in its repetition of "anti-Semitic" LaRouche, but also the late G�. John B. Medaris (ret.), and

48 Books EIR September 13, 1991 military representatives from Europe . evidence will forever convince the reader, in hindsight, that For the past six years, the entire proceedings of this "se­ this man, along with hundreds of his colleagues , should never cret anti-OSI rally" have been publicly available, for $9.95 in have been allowed into the United States. a paperback book, Colonize Space! Open the Age of Reason. I But for that point to be convincing or even credible, the Even a cursory reading of the conference proceedings makes book is more than 40 years too late. clear Ehricke' s optimistic view of the future of mankind, that It is certainly the case that concerned voices were raised the colonization of space will finallyopen the age of reason. after the war, when the German scientists began streaming into the United States. These scientists had been offered Why Hunt rages positions both to help the U.S. benefit from the technology What is being said about the ADL and Justice Depart­ developed in wartime Germany, and to prevent the Soviets ment's witchhunts against the German rocket scientists and from nabbing them. A groupof 40 distinguished individuals, other Europeans that so infuriates Hunt? including Albert Einstein and A. Philip Randolph, recorded Hunt describes an April 1985 reunion of the rocket team their "profound concern" in telegrams to President Harry in Huntsville, to celebrate the occasion of the 40thanniversa­ Truman and other U.S. officials in December 1946.2 "We ry of their arrival in America. The celebration's press confer­ hold these individuals to be potentially dangerous carriers of ence, she says, was turned into a "podium for the twisted racial and religious hatred," they stated. They qualifiedtheir paranoia and conspiracy theories of LaRouche. Marsha Free­ concern with the understanding that there were strategic and man, Washington editor of Fusion magazine, a LaRouche political reasons to bring the Germans here; notwithstanding, mouthpiece, was introduced by the public relations officer they requested "that they not be granted permanent residence [actually, it was my first trip to Huntsville, and no one had or citizenship in the United States with the opportunity which any idea who I was] and allowed to launch into a fifteen­ that would afford of inculcating those anti-democratic doc­ minute attack on the OSI. 'The witchhunt against the leading trines which seek to undermine and destroy our national space scientists of the United States is nothing less than a unity." Soviet plot to destroy the military-scientific accomplish­ It is undeniable that people with undesirable records in ments of the U.S.,' she said." At least, Hunt accurately the Nazi regime were brought into the United States, both quotes me , for their technical and intelligence expertise, and because "Freeman concluded her tirade" she continues, "by ask­ they would otherwise have ended up, many against their will, ing for a congressional investigation and urging that the OSI working for the Soviets. Although Linda Hunt dismisses be shut down. At that point the Germans in the audience the Soviet threat as an unserious "excuse" for bringing the cheered." Actually, I would describe it as polite applause. Germans here, it has been amply documented-as she ac­ At any rate , Linda Hunt had gotten her firsttaste of politi­ knowledges-that those members of the Germanrocket team cal opposition to the ADL and OSI. She goes on to make the who remained in the Soviet-controlled zone were literally incredible statement: "LaRouche has long-standing ties with kidnapedby the Soviets. They were whisked off to the highly the Nazi scientists brought to the United States under Pa­ secret Soviet rocket program, kept isolated, debriefed exten­ perciip," and includes Krafft Ehricke in this group. But, sively, and eventually sent back to Germany. Ehricke's "credentials" as a "Nazi" are simply that he au­ According to historian Frederick Ordway, in the middle thored articles about colonizing the Moon published in Fu­ of one fall night in 1946, "a young Army officer pounded sion magazine. upon the door" of each home of the 6,000Germans employed Other Germans against whom she has no evidence of by the Soviets in their occupied zone. The officerwould read Nazi activities aresl andered as Nazis, because they had "ties" a statement informing the occupant that "the works in which to LaRouche, such as Konrad Dannenberg, Prof. Hermann you are employed are being transferred to the U.S.S.R.. .. Oberth , and Dr. FriedwardtWinterberg . In fact, these three Your contract will be to work in tlile Soviet Union for five plus retired General Medaris (an active clergyman) had paid years. You will be provided with food and clothing for the their respects to Krafft Ehricke at the July 1985 conference journeywhich you must expect to last three or four weeks. ,,3 in his honor. They were rightly motivated to celebrate the According to Ordway's research, between Oct. 12 and 16, accomplishments of the German rocket scientists and con­ about 20,000 Germans were removed to the Soviet Union. demn the outrageoustreatment they had been subjected to by In 1954, the former chief engineer of the Junkers Aircraft the Justice Department. Company returned to Germany with the remainder of his original team of 800specialists and their families. "Twenty­ The original issue, 40 years ago five had died in the U.S.S.R., five, had committed suicide, Since rocket scientist Arthur Rudolph is pictured on the and two had gone insane." cover of Hunt's book, one assumes some hideous, new infor­ According to another account, in 1947, nuclear scientist mation will be revealed regarding his involvement in the Werner Heisenberg, working for the British at Gottingen wartime production of the V-2 rocket, and that this new University, told the Washington Post that his closest assis-

EIR September 13, 1991 Books 49 tants were working for the Russians in the Urals, and that he In 1950 the majority of the group of over 100 specialists also had been made an offer. 4 arrived in Huntsville, AlabaJ11.a to work under Gen. John

In October 1957, when the Soviet Sputnik launch was Medaris at the Army Ballistic i Missile Agency. There they announced, Edward Teller remarked to the pressthat "their designed and tested the medh�m-range missiles for NATO Germans had beaten our Germans." Scientists, even many which would help protect West�m Europe from an expanding Jewish scientists, knew the implications of the only other Soviet empire. nuclear superpower having access to some of the best scien­ Afterthe establishment of �e civilian space program, the tific minds of this century. Linda Hunt, however, now with team was transferred to NASA in 1960. Most have stayed in 40 years of hindsight, apparently thinks it was of no conse­ Huntsville to this day. Ask a resident of Huntsville today quence whether this extraordinarypool of talent, particularly what the effect of the Germans on their town has been. Were in rocketry, aerodynamics, and nuclear science, came to the they spreading "anti-democratic" or anti-Semitic ideas over United States, or was taken to the Soviet Union. the past 45 years? (Apparently, Linda Hunt did not take the One member of the Peenemunde team, Dieter Huzel, has time to make these inquiries, /llthough we know, from her detailed what was in the "baggage" the German rocket team own account, that she made a� least one trip there in April brought with them to America: "the treasure trove of docu­ 1985, where this author encountered her.) ments containing the sum and substance of the whole German When the Germans arrive� in Huntsville, it had fewer rocket development effort. "S than 15,000residents , and was�own as the watercress capi­ As the person who organized the burial of more than a tal of the country. Today, it hll/i the largest space museum in ton of technical documents in an abandoned mine in the Harz the country, an astronomy observatory, a symphony orches­ Mountains, which were later unearthed and brought to the tra, performinga arts theater, an art museum, and the finest U . S., he is well placed to summarize the value of this war rocket research and testing laboratory of any civilian space booty: "These documents were of inestimable value. Whoev­ program in the world, at the NASA Marshall Space Flight er inherited them would be able to start in rocketry at that Center. Huntsville has been home to the only team of scien­ point at which we had left off, with the benefit not only of tists and engineers who built the rockets which took astro­ our accomplishments, but of our mistakes as well-the real nauts to the Moon, and who have, since 1948, worked on ingredient of experience. They represented years of intensive the theory and technology to Qlke mankind to Mars. "Nazi" effort in a brand new technology, one which, all of us were ideology? German, perhaps, but not Nazi. still convinced, would play a profound role in the future But Hunt claims that most of these men were "ardent course of human events. " Nazis." Her definitionis purely formal-having been a mem­ No matter to Hunt. Not satisfiedwith belittling the impor­ ber of the Nazi party, other organizations, year of member­ tant work of the German rocket team, she makes the absolute­ ship, etc .-and has little to do with any one of the scientists' ly incredible claim that Operation Paperclip was a Soviet ideas. Wernhervon Braun, hiqlself, she reports, was a major operation to infiltrate Nazis into American society to under­ in the SS-a very well known fact. She neglects toreport that mine its democratic ideals! This makes far more interesting, the entire rocket development operation was placed directly therefore, the fact that it is the accusation primarily by Lyn­ under Himmler's SS afterthe Aug. 17, 1943 Allied bombing don and Helga LaRouche, this author, nuclear scientist Fred of the Peenemiinde Army facility: As the head of the team, Winterberg, and others that it was the Justice Department von Braun had been given th� ceremonial title of major in "Nazi-hunting" activities of the OSI which was the Soviet the SS. op eration. Clearly this is what really rattles Hunt. Nor does she bother to mention the other well-knownfact Soviet and communist intelligence services (such as the about "Major" Wemher von Braun: He was unceremoniously hated Stasi in East Germany) were heavily involved in Opera­ arrested by the SS and thro\\1Il into prison for "sabotaging tion Paperclip-40years aft er the war-to try to destroy the the war effort," because parto£ his top-flightdesign teamwas work, reputation, inspiration, and influence the top German working on manned missions �o the Moon in the "advanced space and rocket scientists who chose to become American projects division" at Peenem,nde, while the war was still citizens and who had devoted 30 years of their lives to making raging. Not very many "ardent Nazis," who were considered the United States the premier nation in space. politically trustworthy were arrested by the SS, Ms. Hunt. But even if one could believe that the Soviets were behind Nor does Hunt mention .qat the wife of one of the most Operation Paperclip, for which this book presents no con­ prominent German rocket scientists was Jewish. vincing evidence, what is the record? What did the German The first successful test V-2 rocket did not have Adolf scientists do in America? Hitler's face painted on the outside. It had the emblem pictur­ ing a woman sitting on a crescent Moon, after the 1929 'Ardent Nazis'? German movie, "The Woman in the Moon," which had in­ The leadership ofthe German rocket team surrendered to spired many of the scientists ,to devote their lives to space (were not captured by), the Americans at the end of the war. travel.

50 Books EIR September 13, 1991 It is a serious accusation to say someone is a "Nazi": Most to Huntsville, to the tanks and armaments deployed by the of the chapters of this book are devoted to recounting in gross Nomenklatura into the streets of Moscow and Leningrad. detail the horrible human experiments conducted on inmates of concentration camps, by doctors; indeed, some of these References "Nazi doctors" were brought to the United States after the war, 1. Colonize Space! Open the Age of Re(J$on. Proceedings of the Krafft such as Hubertus Strughold. However, none of these people's A. Ehricke Memorial Conference. 1985, N�w Benjamin Franklin House, photographs appear on the cover of Hunt's book. New York . Arthur Rudolph's does. 2. Project Paperclip: German Scientists (zndthe Cold War, by Clarence G. Lasby. 1975, Atheneum, New York. OSI repudiated by facts 3. The Rocket Team, by Frederick Ordway and Mitchell Sharpe. 1979, In 1986 Arthur Rudolph was exonerated of all charges Thomas Y. Crowell, New York. 4. The Paperclip Conspiracy: The Huntforthe Nazi Scientists, of war crimes after more than two years of an exhaustive by Tom Bower. 1971, Little, Brown and Company, Boston. investigation by the government of West Germany. After an 5. Peenemiindeto Canaveral, by Dieter K. Hutzel. 1962, Prentice-Hall, OSI hate campaign, Rudolph had been coerced into renounc­ Inc., New Jersey. ing his U.S. citizenship and leaving the United States rather than be subjected to a deportation hearing under conditions of advanced age and ill health. In a similar repudiation of OSI "dirty tricks," in mid­ August, the war-crimesconviction of former Cleveland auto worker John Demjanjuk in Israel has been thrown into serious doubt, as 15,000 documents recently "found" by the Soviet governmenthave turnedup contemporary reportsthat he was Holmescourt pa ved way not "Ivan the Terrible"of Treblinka concentration camp. The Justice Department's OSI had illegally-but successfully­ for Nazi race hygiene had Demjanjuk deported to Israel, using forged evidence provided by the KGB . by Nora Hamerman The legacy of what the German rocket team brought to this country (which included classical European culture and education along with tons of technical documents), and what they built since they have been here, stand on their own. The Sterilization of CarrieBuck Taking her cue from the years of slanderous attacks on by J. David Smith and K. Ray Nelson Lyndon LaRouche and his associates, Hunt never attacks the New Horizon Books. New Jersey. 1989 work or the ideas of the German rocket team. Her tenden­ 267 pages. hardbound. bibliography. $22.95 tious, and sometimes laughably contradictory, pronounce­ ments-ignoring what these men thought or what they ac­ complished-then gives us a glimpse of the real purpose of This valuable book tells the story of one of the darkest blots her book. In the most inflammatory fallacy ofcomposition, on the history of the judiciary of theUnited States. The facts Hunt concludes her mish-mash of lies, half-truths, and asser­ are summarized on the jacket blurb: tions in the finalchapter with the following: "Why have we "Virginia-1924. She was 'poor white trash.' She was made heroes of men who assisted in one of the greatest evils naive. She was teenaged and pregnant. They called her re­ in modem history? Some were unquestionably highly quali­ tarded. Then, they took her baby away, and committed her fied scientists. Wernhervon Braun, for example, was a bril­ to the Virginia Colony for Epileptic$ and the Feebleminded. liant man who contributed immeasurably to American mis­ "Following one of the most infamous trials of our centu­ sile and space programs. But he was also a Nazi collaborator. ry, she is condemned to be the first victim of the Virginia What price did we ultimately pay to tap the Germans' knowl­ compulsory Sterilization Law. edge? The most common response is that it got us to the "Two years later, Carrie Buck is sterilized-without her Moon. But how do you balance that against murder?" understanding or agreement-with the blessings and agree­ Hunt is convinced that the past years' "new beginning" ment of the United States Supreme Court. of relations with the "open" Soviet Union have finallyproven "This act led to the sterilization of over 50,000 American that there was no postwar need to make use of the talents citizens, without their consent. It was the forerunner of the of German scientists, even for purposes of U.S. national Hereditary Health Law which initiated the slaughter of mil­ security. Perhaps the Soviet coup attempt of the past days lions of Jews, Catholics, homosexuals, Gypsies and persons will give Ms. Hunt pause to compare the culture, vision, opposing the goals of Nazi Germany. Between 1933 and hard work, and dreams the German rocket team brought 1945 , two million people were deemed 'defective.' At the

EIR September 13, 1991 Books 51 Nuremberg War Crimes Trials, the Carrie Buck case was known expert on eugenical sterilization, was a major medical cited as the precedent for these Nazi race hygiene programs." witness in the case, although ,he never saw Carrie Buck. He simply used Priddy's "evidence" as his own, and his Who was Carrie Buck? testimony was accepted all the way through the Supreme Carrie Buck descended on her father's side from the Buck Court. or Bucke family, ironically one of Virginia's oldest; they had come to the colony of Virginia in the early 1600s. Her father's The Eugenics Record Office branch settled in Thomas Jefferson's Albemarle County, but Harry Laughlin was from the Eugenics Record Officeon had become impoverished through a series of family court Long Island, New York, a race-science institution funded by battles over land. Carrie's father, Frank Buck, was poor to the Harriman family (of the faIJlOus "liberal" Averell Harri­ begin with, but after his accidental death when she was an man). This is not mentioned by Smith and Nelson, who do infant, her mother, Emma Buck, apparently turnedto prosti­ mention John D. Rockefeller'S financial beneficence to the tution out of economic despair. Carrie was placed in a foster eugenics movement. The full horrifying story, as researched home in Charlottesville, where she was treated as a servant. by Robert Zubrin, is published'as an appendix to Treason in School records indicate she was a normal child. But at America, From Aaron Burr to: Avereli Harriman by Anton age 17, she was raped by a nephew of her fo ster parents , and Chaitkin, first edition, 1984. : to avoid embarrassment, the family brought her before a local Priddy and Strode arranged for a mutual, longstanding court and had her certified as feebleminded. In 1923, they friend, from their own same social set, Irving Whitehead, committed her to an institution for the feebleminded, the to bring Carrie's case before a court in Amherst County, same one to which her mother had been sent in 1920, and Virginia, as her defense attorney. Evidence was concocted started building up the story of hereditary feeblemindedness that Carrie's infant was feebleminded. Not only was the "evi­ and moral turpitude among the Bucks. dence" that was allowed by the court a bad joke, but the Carrie gave birth to a daughter in March 1924, and the authors prove that the child, r�ised as their own by Carrie's infant was given to her fo ster parents to raise. She was then former foster parents, made th� honor roll at school up to the delivered to the Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded at time of her death from a childhood disease at age 8. The Lynchburg, which was headed by one A.S. Priddy, a fanati­ transcripts of the prosecution witnesses, presented in the cal believer in eugenics who had already sterilized about book at great length, prove thatWhitehead made no serious a hundred young women under his care , while performing effort to defend his client. operations on them for alleged "pelvic diseases." Virginia After being swiftly upheld at the state level, where did not yet have a sterilization law, but Priddy had gotten Whitehead presented no real , appeal, Carrie Buck's case over a legal hurdle in 1918 when he was acquitted of having reached the Supreme Court in spring 1927. Whitehead there intentionally sterilized an illegitimate young girl during a argued that the sterilization law violated the Fourteenth normal abdominal operation. Beginning in 1911, together Amendment, which promised American citizens the rights with two other top political figures in the state who were of life, liberty, and property. He correctly stated that if the enthusiasts of eugenics, Dr. J.S. Dejarnette, the superinten­ Virginia statute was upheld, the "worst kind of tyranny" dent of Western State Hospital, and state Senator Aubrey could occur and there would be no limit to the powers of the Strode of Amherst, he agitated for eugenics legislation. state "to rid itself of those citizens deemed undesirable." Priddy evolved the concept that "high-grade moron girls Against this, Strode argued that eugenics, like vaccination and women of good physical strength and health" could be (!), falls within the rightful poliCe power of the state to protect useful to society, rather than a drain on custodial resources, the public health and safety . if only they could be kept from procreating. He thought it Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, the role­ was much more "humane and just" to sterilize them and model for Chief Justice William Rehnquist today, delivered release them to "be earning their own living in work for the majority opinion on May 2, 1927 (only one of the nine which they are mentally and physically adequate, rather than justices dissented), making the famous statement that "three to constitute lifetime burdens on the taxpayers of the State." generations of imbeciles" was "enough." He wrote that In his eyes, "moral deficiency"was synonymous with "men­ month to Lewis Einstein that the decision gave him tal deficiency." "pleasure. " Six months after Carrie's arrival, Priddy startedagitating On Oct. 19, 1927, Carrie Buck was sterilized in the in­ for her to be sterilized. He argued that if she were not, she firmary ofthe Virginia Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble­ would have to be kept in custody throughout her childbearing minded. She was told that she had to have an operation years. Sen. Aubrey Strode introduced a bill into the state because of her pregnancy, but it was not explained to her that legislature to legalize sterilization for eugenics purposes, and this would make it impossible for her to have children. A he and Priddy picked Carrie Buck as the test case to establish few months later, she was patoled and held various house­ the law's constitutionality. Dr. Harry Laughlin, a nationally hold labor jobs around the state of Virginia.

52 Books EIR September 13, 1991 • In 1932, at the age of 26, she married a 63-year-old in the United States. More than 4,000 men and women were widower, William Eagle, who died in 1941. In 1965 she sterilized at the State Colony in Lynchburg, a practice that married a second time, to Charles Detamore. She died in continued there until 1972 . 1983. People who knew her later in her life expressed as­ According to the authors, Harry Laughlin, a star witness tonishment that she had ever been viewed as retarded. The in the Carrie Buck trial, wrote Adolf Hitler's Hereditary letters from her published by Smith and Nelson reflect an Health Law, passed in 1933. In 1935 the Nazis passed the individual with low self-esteem, but far from illiterate and Nuremberg Laws prohibiting interracial marriage for "race certainly not "feebleminded." hygiene" reasons. In 1924, Virginia had led the way for this too, with an "Act to Preserve Racial Integrity." The Slave labor was the aim "scientific research" behind this hideous law was done by One of the more damning moments in the trial transcript Eugenics Record Office field worker A.H. Estabrook, the comes during the "experttestimony" of Dr. Dejarnette, when person who collected the informationon Carrie Buck's fami­ he justified his argument that "high-grade morons" like Car­ ly for her original trial. rie should be sterilized and turned out to work. On page 122, This book does not say when (or if) Virginia ever repealed he is quoted in answer to a question from defense attorney this law. Mary Harriman's Eugenics Record Office quietly Whitehead: "It benefits society by not taking care of them, changed its identity after the war. Her son Averell had a large and by the work they do . They are hewers of wood and estate in Middleburg, Virginia-now the residence of his drawers of water, and there is not very much more likelihood widow Pamela Churchill Harriman, who supports the mod­ that they would spread venereal disease if sterilized, than if em "ecology" guise of the eugenics movement, as a pow­ theywere not. And then it is only for one generation." erbroker in the U.S. Democratic Party . The eugenicists of that pre-Hitler generation were very The Sterilization of Carrie Buck reviews the stubborn candid about wanting a slave class of human mules who persistence of the eugenics delusion under other names. As would not reproduce and thus not threaten the "racially supe­ recently as 1986, the authors report, a former Virginia state rior" peoples, like theRooseve lts, Harrimans, and Rockefel­ treasurerand legislator sent a letter to the General Assembly, lers. In courts, the eugenicists, like their successors, the in his capacity as a member of the Virginia Board of Social "ecologists" of today, held up impressive-looking but totally Services, suggesting that welfare mothers should be steri­ false "scientific" evidence couched in elaborate Mendelian lized as a means of breaking the welfare cycle among the charts, to prove that intelligence and feeblemindedness were poor. hereditary traits, respectively dominant and recessive, like In 1948, the authors report, William Vogt published the brmvn and blue eyes. This quack science was used to push a book Road to Survival, applying "the ideas of Parson Thomas repugnant political philosophy and sell it as somehow being Malthus"to naturalresources and conservation. V ogt argued good for society . that population growth has to be curbed in "backward cul­ The headquarters of the U. S. eugenics movement was in tures" and the lower classes of all societies, for humanity to the Yankee Northeast, in New York State. But the test case survive, and proposed harsh measuresfor controllingpopula­ for their hideous legislation was in Virginia, the capital of tion. He opposed food and medical care being part of aid the Old Confederacy, the home of landed aristocrats (includ­ to China or India, and proposed cash incentives to induce ing the Harrimans), and the model fascist state before Musso­ "permanent indigent" males to get sterilized, in order to lini coined the word Fascism-based on upholding the insti­ "have a favorable selective influence"to weed out thepropa­ tution of black chattel slavery. When it got to the Supreme gation of undesirables. Court, the New England "liberal" Oliver Wendell Holmes Needless to say, just as in the Hitler era, the application could be counted on to ratify the decision. of the eugenics creed has targeted racial and ethnic minorities Although the eugenicists successfully argued that the first for extermination. As EIR has documented, this policy "feebleminded" did not deserve equal protection of the law has been applied to the mass sterilization of women in Brazil under the Fourteenth Amendment, they turned around and under the aegis of a U.S. National Security Council memo­ asserted full equality when it came to administering the death randum dating from 1974. penaltyfor retarded persons. Authors Nelson and Smith print Authors J. David Smith, professor of education and hu­ a bloodcurdling example of a leading eugenicist jurist's argu­ man development at Lynchburg College in Lynchburg, Vir­ ment for that-an argument apparently accepted by ginia, and K. Ray Nelson, the former director of the Rehnquist Supreme Court, and the state of Virginia. Lynchburg Training Center and Hospital in Lynchburg, have performed a useful service with this expose, among other Nazism and beyond things by showing that the first victim was a poor woman of Within the decade after Carrie was sterilized, 30 states White Anglo-Saxon Protestant origin. That ought to give passed sterilization laws, many of them based on Virginia's pause to any who believe their skin color will spare them model, and 27,000compulsory sterilizations were performed from the eugenics mob, in the long run.

EIR September 13, 1991 Books 53 Before Bush, therewas Durapty: the coverup of Ukraine's holocaust by Mark Burdman

'You can't make an omelette•• . ' Stalin's Apologist is not a book about the famine per se, Stalin'sApologist: Walter Duranty, the New but about how the truth about it was hidden fromthe world. York Times'sMan Moscow in The book documents one of the .more shameful episodes by S.J. Taylor of the 20th century, namely New York Times senior Soviet Oxford UniversityPre ss, New York, 1990 correspondent Walter Duranty' s willful coverup of the fam­ 404 pages, hardbound, $24.95 ine and genocide in Ukraine and southern Russia during the 1930s. As Taylor shows, the tevidence of what Stalin and his henchmen were doing was available, in great detail, to various Westerners stationed iJil the U.S.S.R., ranging from This reviewer was motivated to read S.J. Taylor's Stalin's British embassy officials, to agricultural experts visiting the Apologist in the context of the criminal behavior of U.S. U.S.S.R., and to certain journalists, some of whom, in con­ President George Bush in Ukraine on Aug. 1. His speech trastto Duranty, tried to publioize the facts. before the parliament in Kiev was filledwith diatribes against Yet much of this information was denied to the world, or "local despotism" and "suicidal nationalism based on ethnic was so obfuscated as to blunt its impact. Taylor writes that hatred," to the point that it virtually amounted to a call for a what transpired in the early 1930s was "a disaster that cost crackdown from Moscow center. Only 18 days later, certain the lives of millions of peasants, a calamity of incalculable people took their cue, and carried out the failed putsch of dimensions . For later generations, as the sheer magnitude of Aug. 19-21. that event began slowly to emerge, questions would arise as But there was another, and perhaps even more destruc­ to why nobody knew , why the Americna public hadn't been tive, aspect of Bush's behavior in Ukraine. He omitted any told. How did Stalin manage to conceal the greatest man­ reference to the genocide perpetrated against the Ukrainian made disaster in modem history, when perhaps as many as people during the Stalin-organized famine of 1932-33, when 10 million men, women, and children were allowed to die millions died. It was, from all appearances, a calculated by slow starvation as a result of their refusal to conform to omission. Bush visited Babi Yar, site of the Nazi massacre Stalin's plan to collectivize agriCUlture?" against Jews, and held forth about the genocidal horrors done The answer, in significant part, is Walter Duranty. In his there, subtly implying that this could never have happened dispatches and/or correspondence, he would either lie about without the complicity or acquiescence of local Ukrainians. the reality, or find every excuse or alibi for it. In June 1933, But again, no mention of Stalin's mass murder. Instead, he he wrote to a friend, "The 'famine' is mostly bunk." Some­ presumed to declare that "any nation that tries to repudiate what earlier, he had characterized reports of the famine as history-tries to ignore the actors and events that shaped it­ anti-communist propaganda promulgated in "an eleventh­ only repudiates itself." hour attempt to avert American recognition [of the U.S.S.R.] Whatever Bush's motives may have been in so "repudiat­ by picturing the Soviet Union as a land of ruin and despair. " ing history ," Taylor's book, written about one year before In 1935, he would claim that the sensation about the famine Bush's visit, certifies that he is part of a specific and ignoble was part of Hitler's intrigues with subversive Ukrainian na­ tradition. His forebears are those who strove, at the time, to tionalists. He didn't maintain this view for long, but by 1944, hide the facts of Stalin's mass killing of Ukrainians, southern he had invented another story, asserting that "the so-called Russians, and others, in the Bolsheviks' drive to eliminate 'man-made famine' "of Stalin was a "misconception," since independent agricultural producers and to collectivize agri­ what Stalin was really trying to do, was to divert food in culture. Taylor minces no words about what happened then, anticipation of war with Japan. saying that "the Ukrainian famine of 1932-33 remains the When Duranty couldn't get away with denying thatsome­ greatest man-made disaster ever recorded, exceeding in scale thing horrifying was going on; he would blame the peasants even the Jewish Holocaust of the next decade." themselves for resisting the government's requisition poli-

54 Books EIR September 13, 1991 cies, or he would portray the ruthless Stalinist measures as U.S.S.R. and to support the Bolsheviks. When diplomatic something objectively necessary in the pursuit of the Bolshe­ relations were established in 1933, and there was a big dinner viks' aims, and as something not worth getting angry about, at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel bringing together 1,500 influ­ since the Bolsheviks would keep on doing such things no entials to celebrate, only one man attending received a stand­ matter what anybody said. Malcolm Muggeridge, a British ing ovation: Walter Duranty . Indeed, as already noted, one journalistwho opposed Duranty' s antics, recounted a discus­ of his stated motives in covering un Stalin's horrifying deci­ sion with him, during which Duranty erupted: "You can't mation of Ukraine, was not to jeo�ardize the establishment make an omelette without breaking eggs. They'll win.... of relations. This view was shared by the U.S. State Depart­ They're bound to win. If necessary, they'll harnessthe peas­ ment, which, as Taylor writes, "under instructions to bring ants to the ploughs, but I tell you they'll get the harvest in about recognition between the United States and the Soviet and feed the people that matter." Union, viewed reports of famine in southern Russia as 'un­ This became his leitmotif. In a March 31, 1933 New York helpful, ' rebuffingentreaties to intervene." Times dispatch, Duranty wrote: "To put it brutally, you can't make an omelette without breaking eggs, and the Bolshevik The Aleister Crowley connection leaders are just as indifferent to the casualties that may be But there is more to the story than just this. With Duranty, involved in their drive toward socialism as any general during we are dealing with a senior American journalist, British­ the World War who ordered a costly attack in order to show born and Cambridge-educated, wQose early years included his superiors that he and his division possessed.. .." He being a partner of satanist Aleister Crowley, the seminal admitted that there were "serious food shortages," but insist­ figure in the "New Age" movement. ed, ''There is no actual starvation or deaths from starvation Duranty and Crowley used drugs, and shared as a lover but there is widespread mortality from diseases due to malnu­ one Jane Cheron, who later became Duranty's wife. "It was trition." Says Taylor: "It was cutting semantic distinction an affable menage a trois: sex with the one partner,drugs with prettyslim, and it remains the most outrageous equivocation the other, a little magic on the side. Duranty patiently tutored of the period. Yet the statement seems to have pacifiedalmost Crowley upon the rather startling sideeff ects of continued use everyone." One journalist who was trying to report the truth, of the drug opium. . . . Sometime dQri,ng the summerof1914, Gareth Jones, attacked the "masters of euphemism and un­ [Duranty] had already been reporting for the New York Times derstatement" who "give 'famine' the polite name of 'food for about six months, and he was still heavily involved with shortage, ' and [by whom] 'starving to death' is softened to Crowley and Cheron, as well as with the sticky substance of read as 'widespread mortality from diseases due to the poppy." A mutual friend of D�anty and Crowley was malnutrition.' " (Such "masters of euphemism" are common William Seabrook, one of whose claims to fame was visiting today, not least among those who are covering up George African cannibals and eating human flesh, the taste of which Bush's genocide-by-famine against Iraq.) he described to his readers as "stringy." What made all this vastly damaging, was that Duranty Duranty and Crowley went their separate ways, although was not just a journalistic hack on the job, but a figure with they were in correspondence at least through the 1930s, at enormous influence. Duranty was the senior correspondent which time Crowley "still believed himself to be the incarna­ in Moscow for the leading newspaper of the American liberal tion of Satan," writes Taylor. establishment, and thereby became the single most influential From the evidence presented by the author, Duranty, chronicler of events from a Soviet Union that was still rela­ whether he was indulging in satanic perversions or not, was tively cut off from the outside world. As Taylor documents, a satanist personality who had an . affinity with Crowley's he was a talented manipulator of prose. She writes: "Had worldview. Duranty's personal creed was a variant ofCrow­ Duranty, a Pulitzer Prize-winner at the peak of his celebrity, ley's "do what thou wilt is the onlYi law." In his 1935 book, spoken out loud and clear in the pages of the New York I Write as I Please, he proclaimed: '�I did not particularly ask Times, the world could not have ignored him, as it did [other myself whether [a course of action] was a right path or a journalists], and events might, just conceivably, have taken wrong path; for some reason, I have never been deeply con­ a different turn. If Duranty had taken a stand, he might now cerned with that phase of the question. Right and wrong are be accounted one of the century's great, uncompromising evasive terms at best and I have never felt that it was my reporters .' But he did not. When it came to discretion and problem-or that of any other reporter-to sit in moral judg­ expediency, the Western establishment that feted him, no ment. What I want to know is whether a policy or a political less so than the Kremlin, had found their man." line or a regime will work or not, and I refuse to let myself The conception of "the Western establishment that feted be side-tracked by moral issues or by abstract questions as to him" is crucial. Duranty was heralded in those U. S. establish­ whether the said policy or line or regime would be suited to ment circles, typified by Armand Hammer (who "remem­ a different country and different circumstances. . . . I'm a bered Duranty as 'a close personal friend, ' " writes Taylor), reporter, not a humanitarian, and if a reporter can't see the who sought to achieve U.S. diplomatic recognition of the wood for the trees he can't describe the wood. . . ."

ElK September 13, 1991 Books 55 �TIillNational

LaRouche movement sets '92 campaign agenda for u. s.

by Nancy Spannaus

While the U.S. media were avidly following the collapse of LaRouche (by videotape), which set the task of overturning Democratic Party presidential prospects and the debate at a the Aristotelian philosophicall premises which have domi­ 400-person national convention of the Libertarian Party , a nated "modem" culture. Aristbtelianism, and its Enlighten­ conference occurring in Alexandria, Virginia on Labor Day ment offshoots like Cartesianism in science, proceed by ne­ weekend may well have set the agenda for the coming presi­ gating the nature of man as a creative mind acting on the dential campaign year. The joint conference of the Interna­ universe, LaRouche argued. Thusoligarchical families have tional Caucus of Labor Committees and the U.S. Schiller spread Aristotelianism as a witch-hunt against creative sci­ Institute brought together over 900 people for intensive dis­ ence and art, with demonstrably disastrous results for the cussion on how to seize the historic occasion of the new mass of mankind (see full speech, p. 59). Russian Revolution to bring about a fundamental global Mrs. LaRouche presented the situation as follows: change toward world economic development. "One can already say now that the continuation ofthe new Most notable about the participants was the fact that they world order, could very well imean the end of civilization. represented most of the freedom movements which have We cannot continuously violate the laws of creation without swept the world over the past two years. Representatives of bringing upon ourselves our own destruction. The crisis is Hungary, Azerbaidzhan, Croatia, several African nations, so existential, that it can onlyibe solved if we accomplish a Ibero-America, and the Chinese democracy movement just, new world economic order ....The neo-malthusian joined Americans from all walks of life in discussing how to policies right now are causing thebiggest genocide in history. realize the promise of the revolt against tyranny. All ac­ Entire continents are murdered in front of the world pUblic. knowledged that political prisoner Lyndon LaRouche and his wife, Schiller Institute founder Helga Zepp-LaRouche, had "I think that the only solution is that we bring the political the indispensable leadership role to play in defeating the order into cohesion with natural law. The solution to this future of war and starvation promised by George Bush and world crisis can only be found on the basis of the highest his new world order. principles-not some foul compromise, not some secondary Most of the conference was devoted to intensive discus­ issue. The solution cannot be found in pragmatic politics-as­ sion of the basic philosophical axioms which have led the usual. The political order must be brought into cohesion with world into the current New Dark Age and the United States the laws of creation, and these laws are knowable. The laws into a fascist economic and political policy. Before it con­ of the universe are intelligible, but in order to know them, cluded, however, Mrs. LaRouche issued an impassioned plea one has to investigate the ruIIioms of one's own thinking, for the participants to join an international coalition for im­ because it is these axioms which cause people to act in a plementation of her husband's Productive Triangle program specific way." (see Documentation, p. 58). Within the United States, or­ Mrs . LaRouche then develbped at some length the histor­ ganizing for this coalition will center on building LaRouche's ical conflict between the Plat�nic and Aristotelian methods presidential campaign. of thought, which continues through today. The key issue is creativity, she said. On the Platonic side, as furthered Plato versus Aristotle developed by Augustinian Christianity, stands the concep­ The themes of the conference were struck by keynotes tion of man as imago viva Dei (in the living image of God) given by LaRouche (by audiotape) and Helga Zepp- who acts as a co-creator in a developing physical universe.

56 National EIR September 13, 1991 Drawing heavily on the work of Cardinal Nicolaus of Cusa, French Schiller Institute President Jacques Cheminade Mrs. LaRouche discussed how mankind can achieve the in­ followed Small with a devastating critique of thepragmat ic, finite in this mortal life , and the ontological unity of faith and Aristotelian mentality which led Fni.nce to form the alliance knowledge, matter and spirit. When dualism comes in, she with England that led to World War t. Despite the good ideas argued, as it does with Aristotle, man's creativity is ruled out of certain French leaders, Cheminade argued, they remained of the system, and one is led into the materialist world of wedded to both the concept of imperialism and cooperation Adam Smith and Karl Marx. among the imperialist powers to "d�al with" the underdevel­ The contrasting methods of Aristotle and Plato were elab­ oped countries. This proved to be a fatal flaw, since it denied orated in two later panel discussions, one of which concen­ to Europe a positive alternative to the horrendous bloodlet­ trated on science, and the other on music. The music panel, ting that was the First World War. Interestingly, one of the given by John Sigerson and Anno Hellenbroich, previewed miscalculations of the French leadership was the expectation the contents of the Manual on the Rudiments of Tuning, that the United States would come in to fund development which is under preparation with LaRouche's collaboration, projects-while the U.S. instead stuck with the British. and contrasted that method, based on the human singing voice, with "modern music" like that of the degenerate Igor The LaRouche campaign Stravinsky. The science panel dealt explicitly with the meth­ One full panel discussion was devoted to elaborating the od of hypothesis in a universe created by an Absolute Infinite LaRouche campaign, present, past, and future. Nothing short (God), versus empiricism. of a combined economic and cultural assault, and positive The conference featured a number of classical musical alternative encompassing both economic and cultural pro­ presentations, including an open rehearsal of sections ofMo­ grams, is required to heal our dying civilization, the panelists zart's Requiem. argued. One of the major institutions of Aristotelianism which Dr. Jonathan Tennenbaum, a dose collaborator with came under attack by a variety of speakers, was the Frankfurt LaRouche on the Productive Triangle program, kicked off School for Social Research, a cultural institution that trained the panel with a review of the current status of the European and virtually created the counterculture of the 196Os . Found­ economies and the Triangle alternative. Because of the delay ed by Communist International agents devoted explicitly to in implementing LaRouche's program after the east Europe­ the destruction of WesternChristianity , the Frankfurt School an revolutions in 1989, he argued, we not only have chaos spawned Herbert Marcuse, Hannah Arendt, Erich Fromm, and war in that part of the world, but the industrial heartland Arnold SchOnberg, Theodor Adorno, and a host of other has become a sinking island of ptosperity. This makes it modernist-nihilists. From this nest as well came the "intellec­ all the more urgent to move forward with the L�ouche tuals" who formed Hollywood and the degenerate Hollywood program. culture which has so perverted life in the United States. Not But this program cannot be seep. as simply a network of surprisingly, Frankfurt School notables have identified their railroads, Tennenbaum stressed. The purpose of this infra­ philosophical mentor as Aristotle, because of his "correc­ structure is to provide the condition!> forthe creative produc­ tion" of f'lato's concept of the Good. tive output of families in this industrial center. The building of beautifulcities and revival of Renaissance culture is there­ War and usury fore an indispensable part of a program which builds upon An evil or incorrect philosophical approach has very real the impulse toward Western civilization and toward nation­ consequences in world history. Over the 20th century, the building in the easternpart of Europe. wages of tolerating a pragmatic , anti-Christian leadership have The LaRouche campaign "past" was presented by this been a series of deadly wars, murderous usury, and epidemics author, under the title of "Our Unique Institutional Author­ which are threatening to wipe out whole continents. This point ity . " What was shown in precise dfltail was that LaRouche's was stressed in presentations on the recent history of lbero­ projections in 1971 of how the U.S. would devolve into America, and on the buildup to World War I. fascism if it did not turn away fromthe post-industrial , usuri­ Former political prisoner Dennis Small brought theaudi­ ous society, have been vindicated in full. One of the crucial ence to its feet, both in respect for his having spent two and a elements of that devolution, as LaRouche had warned since halfyears in jail as a politicalprisoner, and for his spiritedattack 1968, was the embrace of the rock�drug-sex counterculture, on the International Monetary Fund's usury in lbero-America. which makes human beings incapable of taking responsibility Small demonstrated how IMF looting through debt and terms for themselves and their posterity. of trade, has so impoverished the continent that most countries Bringing the LaRouche campaign discussion to a rousing now have paid the full debt they owed in 1980, but still owe conclusion was Gerald Rose, an executive member of the more than that to their creditors. As a result, lbero-America is ICLC, who delivered a searing indictment of the Democratic headed toward a revolution against the "democracies" which Party of today as a creature of Dope, Inc. and the Anti­ have imposed this genocide, he said. Defamation League of B'nai B'rith. This cabal has virtually

EIR September 13, 1991 National 57 broken off all connection with the traditional constituencies countries into chaos. Wherever the liberal economic policy of the Democratic Party, leaving them unrepresented. Now of the Harvard guru Jeffrey Sachs is applied, devastating the organized crime grouping from Hollywood and other political, social, and even military consequences are un­ dirty money centers controls the party, and this has to be avoidable. In Yugoslavia, the economic policy of the IMF destroyed, in order to give the American people the ability has led to a 40% drop in industrial production in 18 months, to defeat George Bush and his malthusian new world order. and thereby has materially contributedto making impossible During the two-day conference, LaRouche's drive for the a peaceful transition to free self-determination for the peoples White House was endorsed by numerous political figures, in­ of the former Yugoslav Federation. cluding civil rights leader Amelia Boynton Robinson andMexi­ In this hour, when this war threatens to affect all of Eu­ can LaborParty chairwoman Marivilia Carrasco. Asked about rope, a courageous intervention of reason is urgently re­ his chances to get out of prison in order to pursue the campaign quired.We need immediately a program of political stabiliza­ in person, LaRouche said he felt that the international freedom tion through the real economic development of eastern movements werecreating a goodclimate. It willbe intemational central Europe! The history of the Near East clearly shows action against the bullying Bush administration, not just politi­ that political crisis management without the perspective of cal pressure fromwithin the United States, that will make possi­ economic development does not function. The name of peace ble his releasefrom prison. is development! Therefore , we put forward a program for European-wide integrated infrastructure, which shall create the framework of conditions for the economic construction of a common market of 500 million people. Growing out of the "Paris­ Documentation Berlin-Vienna Productive Triangle," representing in its ca­ pacities in industry and qualified labor power the premier region of the world in which the most rapid rates of growth are possible, we propose a European-wide high-speed rail network. This network of conventional rail and magnetic Call for an all-Europe trains, must be combined with the construction of inland waterways and superhighways, and with energy production infrastructure program and distribution and communications. Only in this way can optimal conditions be created for This resolution of the European Committee "Peace Through investment and the building up of productive small and medi­ Development of All Europe" was circulated and endorsed by um-sized firms in the area of modem technology in eastern many participants at the ICLC conference. central Europe. Only in this way can the urgently required economic development of eastern Europe and the republics Today, only a year and a half after the opening of the borders of what is now the Soviet Union be achieved. And only in in Europe , our continent is once again confronted with seri­ this way can the European economy "from the Atlantic to the ous economic crises, and with war on our continent. Once Urals" become the locomotive for the world economy. We again, we seem to have frittered away a great historic oppor­ do not deceive ourselves: The, political economies of the tunity. Even the idea of European integration in the spirit of West-above all the U.S.A.-are already either in a deep de Gaulle, Adenauer, and de Gaspari seems to have been and dangerous depression, or at the brink of one. snuffed out. Now we are threatened with fragmentation­ The events of the past year have shown dramatically that the ominous return of "balance of power" politics and of western Europe cannot be an "island of the blessed," while purportedly irreconcilable conflicts of interest within Eu­ the East and the Third World of the South go under. Today rope . The Soviet empire in eastern central Europe has col­ there are only two alternativesfor Europe: either the so-called lapsed, because of the failure of collectivist Marxism as an "militarization of the North-South conflict"-which would economic model. be the end of us morally-and the spread of catastrophic But instead of using this great moment to put East-West developments such as those in Yugoslavia, or Europe be­ relations on a new ethical and economic footing, a new radi­ comes the motor for a new just world economic order. cal, unfettered "neo-liberalism" has been allowed to take We , the signatories from eastern and western Europe, hold in the new markets. The weakening political economies appeal to the governments andparliaments of Europeto show of easternEurope arebeing butchered, instead of being mate­ courage and energy in thishour of danger, before it is toolate. rially and socially rebuilt. It is a proven fact, that the so­ The all-European infrastructure program we have proposed called "shock therapy" of the International Monetary Fund must be taken up in practice as an immediate offensive. At (IMF) and of powerful Anglo-American financial interests this hour it is directly posed: The true name for peace is has hurled the economy of Poland and other easternEuropean development!

58 National EIR September 13, 1991 LaRouche: Aristotle is the root of the evil we confront today

Lyndon LaRouche made the fo llowing remarks in a taped temperature environmentby means of an experimentalappa­ message to the annual conference of the International Cau­ ratus which might fit upon a kitchen table-top. After a few cus of Labor Committees on Aug. 31. stunned outcries of admiration and curiosity from some cir­ cles, the subject of cold fusion and the hundreds of cold Let me begin here by saying once again, as I've said on a fusion scientists, have been subjected over the past two-odd number of earlier occasions, that since approximately the years to one of the nastiest political witch-hunts in recent time of the assassination of President Kennedy, this planet history. of ours has been plunging at a generally accelerating rate into Today, nearly 30 months after the first cold fusion an­ a general economic, social, and moral collapse. nouncement, the findings of approximately 600 scientists What we've been plunging into, is a global holocaust of working in various parts of the world, is that the essential famines, epidemics, pestilences, local wars, outbreaks of original claims of Professors Fleischmann and Pons are vali­ mass insanity, and general population collapse. dated. Whatever the cold fusion experiments lead us to dis­ Taking these things all together, what we have is a New cover in the end, it is clear now, th�t the cold fusionexperi­ Dark Age, like that of 14th-century Europe. Let me also say ment is what science calls a crucial or unique quality of once again, that the primary cause of this onrushing global discovery. It is the kind of discovery which will force much disaster is to be found in the fact, that as U.S. policies have of the physics textbooks to be rewritten sooner or later. beensuccessfully changed many times, the net effect of every It is not my purpose here, today, to dwell much longer such new reform during the past 25 years , is a radical worsen­ on the subject of cold fusion. My subject today is a major ing of the situation-whetherwe 're talking about economics, policy problem, which the fight over cold fusionhelps to put taxpolicy , banking policy, monetary and tradepolici es, all or into clearer focus. I became involved in the cold fusionmatter any aspects of regulatory policy, educational policy, health shortly after the initial 1989 announcement. It was already care,civil rights, criminal justice, and so on and on and on . clear to me then, and to some scientists in a number of other Given this record, anyone today who is proposing to countries around the world, that if the results of the experi­ address these problems by soothing forms of useful, practical ment were validated, what we had on our hands was the suggestions to Washington, is displaying nothing more than beginning of a first-rate scientificrevolutio n. It happenedthat his own self-degrading, cowardly delusions. The problem the area cold fusion touched most significantly had been the of a homicidal lunatic is not that he lacks directions to his principal area of interest of an international science seminar destination. in which I had participatedfor theFusion Energy Foundation We must follow a more dangerous, more abrasive profes­ during the 1983-1988 period with the Fusion Energy Founda­ sion thanproducing political, practical suggestions. We must tion and others . From the standpoint of those Fusion Energy address directly that insanity which permeates the U.S. gov­ Foundation seminars, the features of the cold fusion experi­ ernment's policy-shaping processes. We must detect, we ments which were of leading interest to us during 1989 and must expose, we must publicize, and we must uproot those today, are the following. deep-rooted weeds of madness which have become the politi­ First, the leading theoretical issue posed by the cold cally correct axioms of neo-malthusian, free trade policy­ fusion experiments is the continuing fight: whether physics shaping. on the approximate scale of an atomic nucleus behaves as What official Washington needs, is not helpful sugges­ the followers of Aristotle and Isaac Newton would wish to tions; what it needs is a new Moses to pelt the Pharaohs of believe. I, for one, am certain that it does not, and my re­ the Potomac with a succession of plagues, meteorological cently deceased dear friends, Professors Robert Moon and horrors , and a grand assortment of creeping , crawling, fly­ Winston Bostick, are among those who have done very much ing, hopping, and slithering pestilences. to make that poilit clear. With that said, let's turn our memories to March 23, Secondly, cold fusion, like all of the work on nuclear 1989, when two of the world's leading authorities in electro­ fusion and nuclear fission over the course of this century, chemistry, Professors Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons, belongs to a very specific part of physical chemistry: the issued the shattering announcement that they had achieved perfection of the so-called Mendel¢yev periodic table of the nuclear fusion of hydrogen isotope deuterium in a room- elements. The members of the Fusion Energy Foundation's

EIR September 13, 1991 National 59 seminars, working intensively on this problem, the founda­ 1439 Council of Florence. From inside science itself, the tion's associated scientists, had done much to go beyond policy and perspective, the Christian Platonic approach to Prof. Arnold Sommerfeld's tentative efforts to show that science typified by the work of Cusa, who is the virtual nuclear space-time in the very small is Keplerian, not the founder of modem science, by Leonardo da Vinci, and by space of Newton and Maxwell. Professor Moon, who himself followers such as Kepler, was essentially uncontested, that was an accomplished former student of thepioneering profes­ is, within science itself, up until about the beginning of the sor William Draper Harkins, was working at the time of his 17th century; and after that period,the foundations of science death on a revolutionary improvement in the design of the laid by, principally, Cusa, Leonardo da Vinci, and Kepler, periodic table. were continued by people such as Desargues, Fermat, Huy­ The aspect of the cold fu sion experience which brings me gens, Leibniz, the Bernoullis, and so forth , into Monge and to the principal subject which I wish to present before you Poncelet, Riemann, Gauss, and Cantor, in the 19th century. The problem on which we should focus, both in sci­ ence-that is, the problem of lack of understanding of what What qffi.cial Was hington needs, is the cold fusion experiments signify, the crisisin science, the not helpfu l suggestions;what it epistemological crisisin science prompted by the cold fusion experiments' results, and the witch-hunt itself-bothgo back needs is a new Moses to pelt the to something which happened essentially during the 17th Pharaohs qfthe Potomac with a century in England and France. On the Britishside , the prob­ successionqf pl agues, meteorological lem was the establishment of what became known as British empiricism by a groupof Rosicruciancultists associated with horrors, and a grand assortmentqf Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, Elias Ashmole (thefounder creeping, crawling,flying, hopping, of British Freemasonry), John Locke and, of course, includ­ and slitheringpe stilences. ing Isaac Newton. These people introduced al!I. anti-Renaissance, what was considered at that period an anti-science, Aristotelianmeth­ od, which was infused in a very peculiar with one element. summarily today, is twofold. This element was the introduction into science of what be­ First of all, the cold fu sion experiments have created a came known as empiricism, but was originally the central crisis within science: a legitimate crisis, that once in awhile, feature of the most notorious, sexually perverted religious some fact turns up, some discovery, which shows us that cult in the history of medieval Europe-that is, the Cathar, science as we have understood it, has to be sort of re-written, Bogomil, or Bugger cult from the districtof southernFrance and scientists have to find out where the mistakes are , and associated with Albi and Toulouse. the blocks in their thinking, and be prepared to make a revolu­ The same thing happened in France itself. Buggery, in the tion. Let's call this an epistemological perplexityfor science: form of the influence of this cult upon science, manifested that the general assumptions about scientific method up to itself in the work of Rene Descartes,particularly inDescartes 's this point, may break down in the effort to find a solution to notion of deus ex machina. This established Cartesianism as a the questions posed by the cold fu sion experiments. form of Buggery which had been traditional in French science The second aspect of the cold fu sion experiments, which and poisoning it or buggering it to the present day. Thisis quite leads to my subject here today, is the viciousness, the irratio­ literally the case: a Rosicrucian cult (which featured alchemy nality, of the political witch-hunt which has been runagainst as one of its claims to fame), which was Aristotelian, cabbalis­ the cold fusion scientists over the past 30 months (or nearly tic, and Bugger (that is, it featured this split between spirit and so) not only by the New York Times, but by the editors of flesh, as the new materialistic doctrine), which is characteristic Nature magazine joined by the editors of Science magazine of the Buggery cult of south France, of the Rhone district and and many others, echoed in many fields by many scientists Albi-Toulouse centuries earlier. (or people who should be scientists), who are babbling like This cult merits a little bit of attention just so we know some kind of members of a mob recruited from an Oriental what we're talking about. Most people don't know this. cult, or something of that sort. Before Christianity, there were established some very vicious CUlts in the area near Babylon: Oriental cults. These The cult of Buggery vs. Cusa and Kepler cults led to the various manifeStations of a particularform of Let's situate the problem in terms of science as such. cult called Manicheanism. Now, one of these Manichean What we call modem science-that is, the idea of an cults was situated in the eastern part of Turkey in the moun­ integrated, comprehensive mathematical physics, or physi­ tainous areas. For awhile, this cult was used-it was a very cal science, began during the second quarter of the 15th vicious, bloody-handed cult-by the Caliphate against the century-we might say, in effect, at about the time of the Byzantine Empire. Later, according to Gibbon and others, a

60 National EIR September 13, 1991 Aristotle on All Fours. in a dr�wing by Hans Baldung Grien. a German artist in the school o/ Durer. dated 1503 . A popular medieval tradition portrayed the "great philosopher" allowing himselfto be ridden like a beast and whipped by the courtesan Phyllis-a rather insightful glimpse into the psychology behind Aristotelian "science."

Byzantine Emperor called Constantine Copronymous took itself, the Cathars, which all called themselves, that is, the the cult, transplanted it or a good part of it from eastern Cathars, the "pure," or the purified, and it was also known Anatolia and stuck it in what was then Thrace, which is in France as the Bulgarian cult. So we had the French les today modem Bulgaria. This cult was given the position of bougres. which was translated into English for the conve­ guarding the northern borders of the Byzantine Empire nience of the English speaker, as "the Buggers." against these Slavs who were coming down into the area at Now, because of this cult's peculiar sexual perversion­ the time. that is, the belief that a man putting semen into a woman to As a result, as the cult became embedded there , spon­ impregnate her, was propagating the flesh, and that was sored by the Byzantine Empire, no less, the cult took a Slavic evil-it resorted to various other kinds of sexual recreation name, and became known as not only the Cathars , but also and thus the name "Bugger" in English became associated the Bogomils. The cult was spread by Venetian bankers with what it has become associated with in English to this working on behalf of the Byzantine Empire, into the south day . So quite literally, Francis Bacon and his tribe buggered of France, where it was known variously thus, as the Bogomil science-and the result of this was empiricism. And a similar cult, which is what the Bulgarian branch of the cult called thing happened in France, in the form of the cult of Descartes,

EIR September 13, 1991 National 61 of Cartesianism. ative powers of mind, the powers of valid creative scientific This cult, this pseudo-alchemic cult called "Rosicrucian" discovery, or the powers of creation in classical musical during that period, and later called Freemasonic (based on composition-not in rock, but in classical music composi­ the Freemasonic orders which were spun out of Rosicrucian­ tion. These powers of the human mind exert power over ism by people such as Elias Ashmole, Bacon, Hobbes, Locke the lawful ordering of the universe through scientific and and so forth), has been the dominant influence in what is technological progress, as manifest by the increase of man's called (or was called partly during the 17th century and more power per capita over the universe, as measured in terms so during the 18th century), "the Enlightenment." of potential population-density's increases. So that's what The characteristic ofthe Enlightenment is that it was anti­ science is, and that's what science was understood to be,by Renaissance, and that it promoted materialism. Now, let's the founder of modem European science, Nicolaus of Cusa, look exactly at what that means, and how that affects the kind of problem in science we're dealing with in cold fusion today, how the two things intersect. First, as I said, we'll The leading theoretical issue posed look, from the scientific side, at the epistemological crisis, by the coldjusionexperiments is the and secondly, let's look at it from the standpoint of the cult aspect of the crisis. continuingjig ht: whetherphysics on the approximatescale qf an atomic The Platonic method nucleus behaves as thefollowersqf In reality, what we call "modem science" is a highly subjective business. People who run around talking about Aristotle and Isaac Newton would "objective science" really show that they don't know much wish to believe. I,for one, am certain about the history of science. that it does not. What do we do in science? Well, science is something which can happen only to a human being-or human beings. Only human beings, as distinct from any other kind of animal, can change the behav­ back in the second quarter arid a little bit later of the 15th ior of the human species to such effect, that we not only century, by Leonardo da Vinci, Cusa's student, in a sense, change our behavior, but through these changes, we increase his immediate follower of his ideas in the latter part of the the potential population-density and the quality of develop­ 15th century and early 16th ceintury; by the greatfollower of ment of the members of the species. Cusa and Leonardo, Johannes Kepler, and so forth , and so By testing the results of our changes, or our methods of on. making these changes, against their effects in terms of in­ Science has always meant that; science has always been crease of potential population density, we are using nature, subjective in the sense that the subject of science is to look or testing our ability to increase our power over nature , and over our own shoulders, as we are developing improved using that kind of experiment, to determine whether the methods of scientific investigation, and to determine what method we are using to make these changes is a sound method direction of improvements are successful in termsof potential (not necessarily a perfect method, but a sound one) . And thus population-density, and which methods are not provable. science is based on testing not particular experiments , not But essentially, science is the study of the human mind's whether A causes B; but what science actually tests is whether capability of generating valid science. It is not a study of the method we used to attempt to understand the relationship what happens outside our skins in nature--except through between A and B, and to generate successive ideas above A the medium. The only way we can understand nature, is and B, whether that method, by virtue of the fact that it leads through the creative powers of mind, and therefore, those to increases in the potential popUlation-density of mankind, creative powers of mind, which we watch as we work on is an effective method. nature , and watching our minds work more or less successful­ By method, we mean what Plato called the principle of ly as we work on nature, is the essence of science. hypothesis, or the higher hypothesis. And Plato also referred Now what the Bogomils did, and what their followers to things such as improving the higher hypothesis, which is did, the Rosicrucians, the empiricists, is that they said we known as hypothesizing the higher hypothesis. (Much of this will tolerate none of this. We must separate the human mind, material, I should note incidentally, is the subject of a very Le., the human spirit, entirely from those things which in­ special campaign paper on science policy, which I hope will volve the human flesh, its emotions, its appetites, and so be issued in the not-too-distant future , so you can refer to forth-in other words, fromthe material side. We must have that as the time comes to do so, but in the meantime, just to a separate doctrine for the material side, separate from the indicate what we're doing here .) The result is that science spiritual side, the mental side. In other words, to use modem represents, thus, mind over matter. It represents man's cre- Enlightenment language, we would say we would separate

62 National EIR September 13, 1991 the subjective realm from the objective realm-or, in 19th­ mechanistic or Aristotelian system, that is, a non-living sys­ century German, we would say we must separate Naturwis­ tem model, so-called objective science-science since the senschaJt fromGeisteswissens chaft.Tha t's the essential sep­ 17th century has been split into two camps. aration. That is the mark of the Enlightenment. That is the What is at stake in the cold fusion is essentially this. If mark, for example, of Immanuel Kant, who, while he was one says, that on the scale of the nucleus, the universe is not recruited directly to my knowledge to Buggery, nonethe­ organized as the students of Newton and Maxwell would less, by virtue of his defense of both Baconian empiricism have us believe, then cold fusion is virtually impossible-at and Cartesianism against Leibniz, was actually the lawyer least, cold fusion of this type. Whereas, if we would say that for the Buggers, and thus a Bugger in principle. That's the physics in the very small is organized as Kepler said of the nature of the problem. universe generally, as Leonardo said, and as Arnold Som­ We come to cold fu sion. We touch a very special part of merfeld, for example, was attempting to explore, then cold this problem, as we do also at the other extreme of the scale fusion is possible. in astrophysics. Go back a step to Leonardo, just to remind Well, cold fusion has happened. And this, again, would those who are not familiar with this. say that physics in the small-that is, in the area of the scale Leonardo da Vinci demonstrated that physical processes, of the nucleus, or half an Angstrom unit, or something of which, in geometric harmonic ordering, are congruent with that sort, or an Angstrom unit-but in this scale, nuclear what's called the Golden Section, are living processes, and physics is much more interesting, much more as our dear that only living process have this harmonic ordering, whereas friend Dr. Moon would have suggested. all processes which are not living processes, have a different What we are talking about in physics, or physical chemis­ harmonic ordering. That's one of the great discoveries of try , belongs to the periodic table in this sense, and this goes Leonardo da Vinci. It was the central discovery by da Vinci back actually to Nicolaus of Cusa, who laid out a concept of used by Kepler to found modem mathematical physics. In a universal evolution along theselin es. paper, for example, entitled The Six-Cornered Snowflake, The idea of the periodic table, as Mendeleyev developed whose publication dates from about 1620, Kepler summa­ it, indicates that the existence of elements, or what we call rized this case, showing why snowflakes have to be hexago­ elements, starts probably from very simple ones, such as nal in their essential architecture, whereas living processes hydrogen, or hydrogen and helium, as Dr. Moon's professor, are different, are pentagonal, etc . , and why that is necessarily William Draper Harkins, argued, and that it is the combina­ the case. It's a beautiful paper, and anyone who wants to tion of the fusion of hydrogen and helium, or something of really pass the equivalent of what would be a good secondary thatsort, out of which all of the elements in the universe that geometry course, would, of course, have mastered that pa­ we encounter are built up. The other side of the process, of per. When we get to the large scale, the astrophysical scale, course, which has been documented by Dr. Tennenbaum and as Kepler shows; or, when we get to the very small, down to others recently, is that we have a contrary process, that we the size of an atomic nucleus, or something of that sort, down can also form elements, not only by putting elements togeth­ below 10-10 meters; at these extremes, matter behaves with er, to build up from those of small atomic number to those the same harmonic ordering, that we would otherwise expect of large atomic number, but we can also, by fission, go down fromLeonardo 's standpoint of living processes. the ladder again, and get to smaller elements, from higher Now, this would mean that the universe as a whole is, in numbers . So, to have this kind of process requires some­ its astrophysical scale, what we call negentropic, not entropic thing-a universe which, in the small, is Keplerian, not the as most physicists will insist today; that the universe as a universe of Aristotle, Newton, and , Maxwell. And that's whole does not conform to the so-called Second Law of where theteaching of a doctrine derived from empiricism Thermodynamics, and that also in the very small, as we've and Cartesianism, a doctrine derived from Buggery, leads seen by the work of our collaborator, the late Prof. Winston science to use a kind of mathematical procedureor mathemat­ Bostick and the work of Professor Moon and others , we've ical method, which constantly comes into crisis whenever an seen the same thing is true in the very small. In the very experiment with the anomalous implications of cold fusion small, the organization of nature is that which conforms to comes along. Kepler's physics, not Newton's or Maxwell's, just as is the So the fact that our students in the schools, to the extent case in astrophysics: the Second Law of Thermodynamics that they're taught mathematics at all, are taught defective works nowhere, except to increase the salaries of professors mathematics, means that we are producing scientists and and to get good marks for students of those professors. Other­ others, who lack the intellectual capacity to cope with some­ wise, the Second Law of Thermodynamics, except for bam­ thing like a cold fusion experiment, So that's one of the boozling people, does not work at all. It works only as problems which science policy has to address, and that's an rhetoric. area in which the cold fusion experiment's success shows As a result of this split-the rejection of Kepler by the that our science policy in education and so forth is breaking empiricists and by Descartes, and the attempt to establish a down, and we will have to rebuild the science policy entirely

EIR September 13, 1991 National 63 from the beginning. and that is a lesson which I've insisted uponmany tim es, but The second aspect in which this same historical back­ not with as much success as I might have admired. That is, ground is relevant, is on the characteristic, the cult features, history is not made by the way people respond more or less of this hideous political witch-hunt, completely fraudulent spontaneously to events. Thereis no tabula rasa; each person attack, made against cold fusion and the cold fu sion scientists that is born is enculturated; enculturated by language, encul­ over the past 30 months , by people such as the editor of turated by all kinds of ways,: so that we step forth into this Nature magazine and the New York Times. world, from early childhood, not as a tabula rasa, but as a Where does this come from? How is it possible, that in person who is imbued with all kinds of historical legacies. an areawhere we say that people in science are trying to find For example, let's takethe Indo-Europeanlanguage. You out the truth about nature , are trying to find out how to do speak here, each of you, an Indo-European language. Oryou thingsbetter, trying to correct their errors, that a completely may speak other languages, blltyou speak an Indo-European fraudulent attack, like this political witch-hunt, could have language. How old is Indo-European language? Well, obvi­ been started and sustained for so long? ously, we can go way back to about 8,000, 10,000 or more years ! We can findin the ancient Vedic, and there's evidence Buggery and British empiricism to show that this record of the Vedic is not too far offtoday , To understand that, we have to go back again to the case at least the people at Poona. in India, have a pretty good of Bacon and Descartes. Let's concentrate just on Francis picture of it; thatthat language, was used 8,000 years ago­ Bacon, in order to simplify the discussion for our purposes the immediate ancestor of Sanskrit. We can also show, of here. British empiricism was fo unded by a homosexual cult course, that all of Europeanlanguages areessentially dialects which is called the Court of King James I, whose big homo­ of Indo-European, that is, the language fromwhich the Vedic sexual was Francis Bacon. Now the significanceof the homo­ springs. So every time you !pink, in words, in the form of sexuality, is that this was a Buggery cult, a bunch of Rosi­ language, you are using a w�y of conscious thinking which crucians; a Rosicrucian cult, whose features were Aristote­ is thousands of years old, and the way you will respond, lianism as to method; cabbalism, another kind of Satanic consciously, particularly because you have to communicate belief, and thirdly, the spirit-from-matter separation, which with others , you respond in terms of a heritage of language, has led to modem materialism. This was the Enlightenment. which has features in it affecting your judgment, which are If you realize the degree to which the teachings of the thousands of years old. followers of Bacon, of Hobbes, of John Locke, of cabbalist The same thing is true of other forms of language, such Isaac Newton-who really discovered almost nothing-and as geometry, which is a language. You think in geometry; of similar people, dominate the institutions of science today, the kind of geometry you use, will determine the way you universities, educational policy, major magazines, such as think. And that is a heritage which is thousands of years old. Nature magazine, the science [mafia's] magazine, we have The same thing is true in every other respect. If you to realize that, like music, which is administered by a music accept Buggery in the form of mathematics, mathematical mafia of about the same morality and disgusting depravity, physics, that is, Newtonianism, Cartesianism, empiricism that science on the administrative side or the institutional generally; the separation of art from science, the separation side, is effectively under the control today predominantly­ of GeisteswissenschaJt from NaturwissenschaJt in German; not entirely, of course-but predominantly, of a priesthood; if you accept that Kantian principle, if you are a follower of a heathen-cult priesthood; a Rosicrucian-Cathar-Bugger Kant, you are a Bugger! Because your mind is buggered;you priesthood, which responds to the attacks on its interests, that have adopted the separation, what is called; of the subjective is, its religious dogma, its cult dogma, called empiricism, or from the objective, which is; traced back to the Manichean Enlightenment views, in the same way that the Buggers as cult called the Buggers in southern France, nearly 1,000 religious fanatics would kill a person who offended their years ago. And to the same Buggery in eastern Anatolia doctrine. And so, to understand the world today, we have to hundreds of years before that. first of all, in this area, in a narrow sense, look at the fact, that science is dominated, not by honest scientists, but by The way we must fight people who arepredominan tly, when push comes to shove, The important thing to understand about history. is that representatives of a heathen-cult priesthood, rooted in the we get into messes because society is responding to deeply doctrines of Aristotle, cabbalism, and Buggery; that the same embedded, historically embedded, false assumptions, which situation exists in the arts; you have an arts mafia, a music cause the normal reaction of public opinion as well as other mafia, an art mafia, who are a collection of Buggers, pure institutions to be the wrong one. and Simple. The same group, the same crowd, the same Over the past 25 years, we've seen that concretely: Twen­ faction. And that there is a Freemasonry, a higher-order Free­ ty-five years ago, approximately from 1963 on, there was a masonry, which is connected to this process. mass recruitment in the United States to the rock-drug-sex There's another lesson which is to be learned from this, counterculture. You can't separate them; they're all one

64 National EIR September 13, 1991 package. A deliberate cult dogma, created by a Satanic cult­ believe, with more or less effectiveness,over the past couple the Crowleyite cult in England-and put into the United of decades or so that this association has been in existence. States as the rock-drug-sex counterculture, which is really a The reason I'm in prison, is because we're good at it, and form of Satanic religion, which changed the values of our because it works . We were not stuck:into prison because we people. At the same time (approximately the same period), said things which displeased somebody. I was stuck into this was coupled with a neo-Malthusian cult. If you look at prison with others, and we were subjected to all kinds of evil our policy today, you see that people today, in contrast to harassment, terrible lies spread through nearly all of the press what they believed 30 years ago, believe today that a post­ repeatedly over and over again-why? industrial society is good, that technology is bad, that man Not because people didn't like what we said, but because must adapt to the animals and to all kinds of strange species we were effective with our methods. What has the enemy said? The enemy has said we will cease to harass you, if you will give up your method, if you We were not stuck intoprison will stop doing that, if you will play ball on our terms, if you because we said things which will make your criticisms or suggestions, within the confines of the kind of behavior which we consider acceptable. You displeasedsomebody. I wasstuck want to say something in science? Say it in Baconian lan­ into prison with others, and we were guage; use the mathematics of Francis! Bacon and Descartes's subjected. to all kinds qfevil followers, and we'll listen to you. If you don't want to use that kind of argument, we won't listen to you. But if you harassment, terrible liessp read use that kind of argument, and you succeed in influencing through nearly all qfthe press somebody, we're going to kill you. Because you're taking repeatedly over and over again­ us back to Cusa, Leonardo, Kepler� and Leibniz, and so forth , and that we will not tolerate. why? Not becausepeo ple didn't like We attacked the underlying assumptions of the problems what we said, but because we were in Central and South America, and the result was Operation fffective with our methods. Juarez. We came within an ace of winning that battle in 1982; if we had won, the world would be vastly different than today, and all of Henry Kissinger's backers and George Bush's backers would be out of business. We were a threat. we never knew existed, and so forth , and so on. The nuclear In the case of the SDI, which was a product of our influence family is considered bad, all kinds of things have happened. upon the Reagan administration (a part of it) , we changed We no longer behave the way we did; we no longer have the the world somewhat, and had the proposal been in effect, values. We have been subjected to what is called a cultural why, then everything that Henry Kissinger's backers and paradigm shift. The axioms and postulates of our underlying those of Bush represented today, could not have been possi­ assumptions of belief, have been dramatically altered by ble. In these cases, as in Operation Jliarez, and our concep­ these means. Similarly, over the past 400 years , Western tion of the war on drugsback in 1978-79, where we invented civilization has been in the process of being de-civilized, by the war on drugs; in each of these cases, we succeeded be­ the influence of a Buggery cult based on the intermeshed cause we went back into history, went into the fundamentals beliefs of Aristotle or followers of Aristotle, of cabbalism, of science and other things, to search out the underlying and of Buggery: the Cathar doctrine of the separation of assumptions which determined the theorems, so to speak, matter from spirit, objective from subjective, and so forth upon which people were acting. And because we selected and so on. our action to attack and to change those flawed, underlying Therefore, we should see in this lesson, an identification assumptions which were the causes of the problem, rather of the problem which faces us: the Evil problem. It is not than to try to patch up the problem after the fact. enough for us to respond to particular evils around us, to try That is our contribution so far to history. That is a contri­ to correctpro blems. That's not good enough. It won't work. bution which today, obviously, is niuch more needed, or If the majority of our population and our institutions are much more urgently needed, than at any time during the past committed to policy assumptions, which policy assumptions 20 years . are causing these problems, you will not be able to succeed I would hope that in this time frattle, that the lessons of in getting through any remedywhich contradictsthose policy that experience, as freshly illustrated by the case of cold assumptions. In order to shape history, one must address fusion's implications, will be assimilated, and that people directly the underlying policy assumptions, the cultural as­ would find the courage to act, and to act on the basis, not sumptions, which underlie the characteristic response of in­ that we are assured of success, but that there is no acceptable stitutions and populations. That is what we have done, I alternative but to do what we must do.

EIR September 13, 1991 National 65 What the devil has gotten into Omaha 'wizard' Warren Buffett? by Herbert Quinde

Hearings by four congressional committees into the U.S. million to help out American Express, the troubled parent of Treasury bond market scandal are scheduled for September, Wall Street investment firm Shearson Lehman Hutton. Such and "investment genius" Warren Buffett, who recently high-risk ventures would seem inappropriate for the man stepped in as chairman of Salomon Brothers, Inc . is to be the portrayed in the Wall Street Journal as the country's most star witness, according to congressional sources. Despite successful "old-fashioned conservative" investor. Buffett having a kind of cult following in the financial community has "repeatedly castigated Wall Street brok�rages for encour­ which has earned him the title "Wizard of Omaha," Buffett aging speCUlation from which they profit on commissions has managed to keep a very low profile and, according to his generated from frequent buying and selling. He also has friends, he likes it that way. been critical of the speculative bent of many institutional So it is all the more surprising that Buffett has leapt, investors," reported UPl on Aug. 20. seemingly head first, into the limelight. On Aug. 18, soon afterhaving assumed the chairmanship Second richest man in the U.S. of Salomon Brothers , Inc., Buffett gave Treasury Secretary Buffett sure seems to have deep pockets. Or does he? Nicholas Brady personal assurances, telling him that he London financialsources report speCUlation that Buffett may "would do the best I could . . . and do whatever was needed be acting as a front man for Saudi money which is being to dig out anything about what has happened in the past, and covertly funneled into the United States as part of a Bush make things exactly right in the future ." administration effort to prop up selected firms andt he falter­ A week earlier, Salomon chief John Gutfreund and three ing financial markets until after the 1992 presidential elec­ other top executives had resigned, admitting that the firm had tions. Although there is no independent confirmationof Buf­ violated multiple rules that govern the auctions of Treasury fett's involvement, it is well lmownthat since the early days securities, including artificiallyjacking up the interest rates of the Iran-Contra affair, through Operation Desert Storm of the government securities. The increase in the rate means and its aftermath, the Saudi royal family has acted as a piggy that the U.S. government is paying more on its debt service, bank for CIA covert operations. which translates into more being taken out of the taxpayer's UBS Phillips and Drew's Oil MarlcetOut look, aLondon­ pocket. The violations are being investigated by the Securi­ based newsletter, made reference to the story in its June 26 ties and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Justice Depart­ issue, about a month before Buffett-announced he was mak­ ment, and the Federal Reserve. The Treasury securities mar­ ing a big investment in American Express. "There is a ru­ ket has long been considered the cleanest place to gamble mor," writes the newsletter, ". . . that a large financialhouse with one's money, and Salomon was the leader of the pack. (don't leave home without it) has been discreetly setting up Besides the move to Salomon Brothers, Inc., of which front companies to channel Saudi (presumably royal family) he owns close to 14%, Buffett has been called upon to rescue funds into U.S. financialmarkets . The recent strength of the two other institutions in July and August. On Aug. 8, the dollardoes little to repudiate the rumor. " U.S. Federal Reserve Bank granted approval for Buffett to But others dismiss the rumor and point to Buffett's sub­ increase his investment in Wells Fargo Bank, from his cur­ stantial personal and corporatewealth . Buffett is rated as the rent 9.7% share to 22%. Wells Fargo, according to bank second richest man in the United States and among thetop 20 analysts, is "brain dead" and technically insolvent. It is al­ billionaires internationally, according to Fortune magazine. leged by informed observers to be one of the nation's most Berkshire Hathaway, Inc., Buffett's holding company, has illiquid banks, with huge loan losses in real estate. Why a very limited number of shares issued and is the highest would a prominent investor seek to buy controlling interest priced issue on the New York Stock Exchange. A single in such a bank? share is priced in the $8,500 range. Buffett holds 42% of The question is all the more puzzling because only 10 Berkshire, which pays no dividends and eschews stock splits days earlier, Buffett announced that he was investing $300 in order to discourage speculative investors.

66 National EIR September 13, 1991 Either way, Buffett is a big player. When Rep. Henry dom House think tank. Gonzalez (D-Tex.), chairman of the House Banking Com­ Buffett is also "tight" with Dwayne Andreas , another mittee, called on Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan corporate heavy who is playing a very important behind­ to suspend Salomon from trading government securities until the-scenes role in the Bush administration's reckless policy the federal investigation was completed , it was Treasury Sec­ toward theSoviet Union. Andreas and his business associates retary Brady who personally intervened to keep Salomon are in line to make a killing when grain prices soar in response from being entirely blacklisted. . to theexpected emergency mobilization to feed the Russian Unlike Ivan Boesky and Michael Milken, the meanies of people this winter. the 1980s "Decade of Greed," the Omaha-based billionaire Andreas , who is chairman of Archer Daniels Midland is known as "Mr. Clean." The media have touted Buffett as Co. (ADM), a premier grain cartel member, sits on Salomon the "White Knight" in these times of trouble, who "brings Brothers , Inc. 's board of directors with Buffett . In July, with him an air of assurance that few others in American ADM announced that Howard Buffett , son of the "Wizard ," finance-orany aspect of American life--canclaim today," was joining the grain company's board ofdirectors . Although as the Washington Post characterized him. Buffett has been a virtual nobody in the corporate world, except for being a member of the SEC's advisory council on corporate disclo­ son of Daddy Buffett, Howard Buffett is replacing Robert sure, among other high-minded activity on behalf of the fi­ Strauss, recently appointed U.S. ambasssador to Moscow, nancial establishment. Now he is putting his prestige on the on ADM's powerful board. line in the seedy Salomon affair. The move seems to indicate that Buffett and Andreas are further closing ranks in hopes of bleeding the Russian econo­ ButTett's buddies my of whatever loot is still there. Salomon already has its But Buffett's ability to help Secretary Brady straighten hands in the Russian financial scene. On Aug. 19 the London things out seems to derive more from knowing where the Financial Times reported that Russian Federation state bank bodies are buried, than from his "magical" powers for infalli­ head Georgy Matiukhin said that he had"received a proposal ble investments. Some speculate that the secret to the success from Salomon Brothers , which says it can form a consortium of Berkshire Hathaway is Buffett's access to Washington of banks to buy the Soviet foreign debt and turn it into long­ intelligence and political circles. term bonds which can then be distributed among the repub­ Among his influential friends are former Secretary of lics." It remains to be seen whether Russia will want scandal­ State Henry Kissinger, who has served on the board of Amer­ ridden Salomon playing around with its $62 billion debt. ican Express along with Anne Armstrong of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, and former President Pedophiles and satanists Gerald Ford . Harold Andersen, publisher of the Omaha If the Salomon scandal were not enough, there are allega­ World Herald, a nationally influential Republican, member tions that Buffett is linked to a pedophile scandal in his home of the Council on Foreign Relations, governorof the Kansas state of Nebraska. Buffett may tum out to have more skele­ City Federal Reserve, and president of the World Freedom tons in his closet than Milwaukee serial killer Jeffrey Press Committee is a personal friend and business associate. Dahmer. Buffettis the personal financialadviser to Katharine Graham, Buffettwas one of the early sponsors of the political and the publisher of the Washington Post. business career of former Republican Party influential and From his early days in the investing business, Buffet has Reagan-Bush campaign activist Lawrence E. King, Jr. , ac­ been an associate of Walter Schloss, a Wall Street investment cording to sources and published reports. Presently King is wizard who runs a $70 million private investment partner­ serving a 15-year federal prison sentence for defrauding an ship. Schloss is the treasurer of Freedom House, the neo­ Omaha-based federal credit union. The magazines A vveni­ conservative think tank which was a favorite of the late CIA menti of Italy and Pronto of Spain, among others , have ex­ director William Casey and which often has been accused of posed King for running a national child prostitution ring that being a front for CIA covert operations. Buffett's image as serviced the political and business elite of both Republican an investment genius was created by John Train, a Wall and Democratic parties. Child victims of King's operations Street"spook" banker and investment counselor. Train, who have charged him with participating in at least one satanic played a central role in coordinating a campaign of libel and ritual murder of a child several years ago. slander against presidential candidate Lyndon H. LaRouche, King's money machinations not only involved the Iran­ published two books, The Money Masters and The Midas Contra affair, but King seems to have provided the CIA with Touch, which hyped Buffett . Train is also a financial angel information garnered from his activities as a "pimp" for the to Freedom House. Leo Cherne,for more than two decades a high and mighty. permanentfixture as vice chairman of the President's Foreign Buffett,who is not known as much of a party-goer,hosted Intelligence Advisory Board, and the man who gave Casey a wedding anniversary celebration for King and his wife in his firstjob out of college, is honorary chairman of the Free- his home .

EIR September 13, 1991 National 67 men, later identified as Davi4 Kimche and Michael Harari. Kimche was the director general of the Israeli Foreign Minis­ try during the Reagan era and was a principal figure in Iran­ Did Bush's CIA run gate. According to one eyewitness account, the man using the name Edwin Wilson does not fitthe physical description drugs from Colombia? of the rogue CIA agent now in federal prison in Marion, Illinois. However, the description does match that of another associate of the CIA's Thomas Clines, who was active in by Jeffrey Steinberg Panama at the time. Afterthe operation terminated, Colonel Cutolo, according Reports have recently appeared in the Panamanian daily to his purported affidavit, began privately probing the mission newspaper La Prensa about an operation run by the CIA, todetermine whetherthe smuggling of largevolumes of cocaine code-named"Watch Tower," through which the CIA and the into the United States had indeed been officially sanctioned by Israeli Mossad allegedly helped run over 70 planeloads of the U. S. government. He enlisted theaid of several GreenBeret cocaine from Colombia to the United States in 1975 and colleagues, including Col. Bob Bayard and Col. James Rowe, 1976, overlapping the time when George Bush was the Direc­ in the effort to identify the Israeli Mossad officials and to deter­ tor of Central Intelligence (1976-77). mine whether the U.S. Army or the CIA had approved the The U. S. government has denied that any such program cocaine-smuggling program. existed, but the publication of the story , first on July 17 and Colonel Bayard was killed in 1977, in what police de­ again on theeve of the Miami trial of Gen. Manuel Noriega, scribed as an armed robbery attempt. Colonel Rowe was raises nagging questions. For one thing, the operation alleg­ assassinated in April 1989. U.S. Rep. Larkin Smith (R­ edly involved several people who later played a role in the Miss.), who had agreed to probe the Watch Tower story at Iran-Contra shenanigans, amid growing demands for clarifi­ the behest of Rowe, died in a plane crash on Aug. 13, 1989. cation of Bush's role in that scandal. In a word: Where was George? Domestic spying and blackmail? EIR has recently obtained hundreds of pages of docu­ The Cutolo affidavit also described a U.S. Army secret ments relating to Operation Watch Tower and to the 1979 surveillance and blackmail program directed against a num­ murder trial of U.S. Army Green Beret Pfc . William Tyree, ber of American politicians whom the Watch Tower sponsors and is presently investigating the authenticity of the claims feared might uncover the government's secret drug traffick­ of covert CIA-Mossad dope smuggling. ing. Private Tyree, who had participated in the three Watch Tower missions in Colombia, was involved in those surveil­ Mysterious deaths lance efforts while stationed at Fort Devens, according to Two documents are at the center of the Watch Tower both the Cutolo document and his own later affidavits. On controversy. The first is an affidavit dated March 11, 1980, Jan. 30, 1979, Tyree's wife Elaine was found stabbed to signed by Edward P. Cutolo, who was at the time the com­ death. Tyree claims that she was murdered by Green Beret mander of the 10th Special Forces Group headquartered at soldiers on the base because she had been keeping secret Fort Devens, Massachusetts. Cutolo died in a mysterious diaries which contained details of Watch Tower and the se­ automobile accident in England shortly thereafter. The sec­ cret surveillance program. Although another soldier named ond document, a letter written by National Security Agency Earl Michael Peters was initially indicted for the murder, he officer Paul Neri to another retired Green Beret colonel, Bo was later released and William Tyree was triedand convicted Gritz, appeared in 1990, shortly afterNer i's death. of the killing. He is presently serving a life sentence in Massa­ All told, six career U.S. military officers and one U.S. chusetts State Prison in Walpole. congressman who were probing the Watch Tower allegations The U.S. Army denies that Operation Watch Towerever died under mysterious circumstances between 1980 and 1989. took place, and Noriega's Justice Department prosecutors According to the Cutolo affidavit, between December claim that the entire story was hatched by Private Tyree from 1975 and March 1976, the CIA and the Mossad employed his jail cell to beat the murder rap . a hand-picked group of Green Berets to set up a series of At the time of their deaths, Neri and Rowe were both makeshift beacon towers in Colombia that enabled over 70 apparently convinced that elements of the Watch Tower story planeloads of cocaine to be flown covertly from the Bogota were true . They reportedly believed that theU.S. Army was area into Albrook Air Station in Panama City. According to not officially involved in the scheme, but that senior officials the Cutolo affidavit and a subsequent affidavit by William of both the CIA and the Mossad, with or without official Tyree, the Watch Tower program was directed by then-CIA approval, did participate. If these conclusions were accurate, officersEdwin Wilson and Thomas Clines (later indicted and the Army and the Noriega prosecutors' denials are of little convicted of Iran-Contra crimes), along with two Mossad consequence.

68 National EIR September 13, 1991 Elephants andDo nkeys by Kathleen Klenetsky

Open convention-or true open convention, which would the individuals slated to announce brokered convention conduct a serious debate about policy their candidacies will hardly fill the issues and then choose the candidate party's so-called "stature gap." In most capable of presenting a real alter­ fact, they're sure to make the "seven Thegaping hole in theDemocratic pres­ native to George Bush? dwarfs" of 1988 look gigantic. idential fieldhas given rise totalk about Or are they worriedthat the appall­ Among those now making noises an open convention. Several party in­ ing dearth of Democratic presidential about running is Jerry Brown, the erst­ fluentials, along withvarious media and material will create an opening for a while California governor who was think tankpundits, have recently pr0- maverick candidate, such as Lyndon such a fruitcakethat he got nicknamed posed that, in view of the lack of suit­ LaRouche, whose appeal to Demo­ "GovernorMoonbeam ." Brown, who able candidates tooffer themselves thus cratic voters will increase exponen­ spent time recently in Japan studying far, the Democrats let the partyconven­ tially as the economy continues to col­ Zen Buddhism, sent out a 5,OOO-word tion, not the primaries, choose their lapse and the "official" Democrats letter in early September asking for presidential nominee. demonstrate that they have no idea support in mounting "an insurgent Among those promoting the idea what to do? campaign against the entrenched lead­ is John White, who served as party It is instructive that White stated ership." chairman under Jimmy Carter. Now a outright that he would like to see the Brown isn't the only weirdo mov­ Washington consultant, White held a "open convention" tap either Sen. ing in that direction. Sen. Bob Kerrey briefing for reporters Aug. 29 , where Lloyd Bentsen (Tex.) or New York of Nebraska may also soon throw his �e asserted that the party needs a can­ Gov. Mario Cuomo as the party's hat in the ring. didate of "national stature," and that nominee. It would appear that at least A protege of billionaire investor the only way it could get one would some proponents of an open conven­ Warren Buffett, Kerrey served as Ne­ be via an open convention. tion are actually talking about a brok­ braska's governorfrom 1983-87, dur­ White called the current field of ered convention, i.e., one where the ing which time he allowed a sexual potential Democratic candidates "re­ party's potentates huddle in the pro­ abuse ring tied the failed Franklin ally interesting people" with "unusual verbial smoke-filled room and anoint Credit Union to flourish. abilities," but . added dismissively: another dodo to be their presidential Bachelor Kerrey countered the "They'renot at this point national can­ standard-bearer. strong rumors about his sexual prefer­ didates." But opting for an open conven­ ences by striking up a highly publi­ White urged the Democratic gov­ tion--evenif the intent is to conduct a cized liaison with actress Deborah ernors of states with large electoral brokered convention-poses dangers Winger, much as New York Mayor blocs to run in the primaries as "favor­ for the party leadership. By next sum­ Ed Koch did with former Miss ite sons." Theoretically, this would tie mer, the revolutionary ferment America Bess Myerson. up sufficient numbers of delegates so sweeping eastern Europe and the for­ Kerrey has said that the major rea­ that no candidate would be able to mer Soviet Union might well be hit­ son Buffett has backed him is "my come into the convention command­ ting the U.S., upsetting whatever strong stand on population control." ing enough votes to win the nomina­ apple-carts the Democrats' putative And ifthat 's not bad enough, pub­ tion. This would allow the convention kingmakers think they've set up. Un­ lic television celebrity Bill Moyers's to designate someone who did not run der those circumstances, John White name is being bandied about. Moy­ in the primaries at all to be the party's may get the surprise of his life: the ers-a former aide to President Lyn­ compromise nominee. first truly open convention in a long, don Johnson-gave an interview to White's call has been seconded long time. the Sept. 1 Washington Post which by , among others, New York Times sounded an awful lot like a campaign columnist Tom Wicker, who wrote statement. Among other things , he de­ Sept. 3 that "the rare spectacle of a Beware! Moonbeam's nounced George Bush as "the most contested, hard-fought convention back deeply unprincipled man in American might produce high television ratings politics today. . . . I have watched and a surge of enthusiasm for the ulti­ Meanwhile, the Democratic presiden­ him for almost 30 years and have nev­ mate victor." tial fieldlooks like it's about to receive er known him to take a stand except But are White et al . calling for a a post-Labor Day infusion-although for political expediency. "

ElK September 13, 1991 National 69 National News

nieks's wife Barbara is the executive assis­ Opponents of legislation regarding tant to Sen. Robert Byrd (D-W. V.). AIDS-infected doctors which passed Con­ Dr.Earl Brian has been in the headlines gress earlier this year, argued at the time Anti-abortion protests recently over the bankruptcy of United Press that legislation was unnecessarybecause the International , which he owns. Last year, an­ CDC and the AMA were already addressing slated for 60 cities other welJ-known media outfit owned by the problem on their own. RandalJ Terry , leader of the national "Oper­ Brian, Financial News Network, also went· ation Rescue" anti-abortion movement in under. Brian has been accused by former the United States, announced Aug. 30 that employees of fraudulent financing. Brian 60 cities will be chosen for anti-abortion has also been accused by jailed Irangate protests. Terry said the particular cities have figure Michael Riconosciuto of having fun­ Fact-finding trip not yet been selected, but that they will be neled money and technology to Iran as part the cities for large demonstrations over the of the 1980 Reagan-Bush campaign effort on AIDS treatment coming months. to delay the release of the U.S. hostages Minister Abdul Alim Muhammad, national Terry pointed to the ongoing protest ac­ in Teheran until after the defeat of Jimmy spokesman forNation of Islam leader Louis tion in Wichita, where a stadium rally of Carter. Farrakhan, announced in Washington Aug. 36,000 people took place in August, as an 26 that he is undertaking a fact-finding visit example of the rallies planned. to Kenya to explore the merits of an alleged On Aug. 30, federal Judge Patrick KelJy cure for AIDS. Dr. Muhammad, who is a ordered OperationRescue leaders to get out surgeon as welJ as a former congressional of Wichita, Kansas and stay out, in the latest Medical groups balk candidate, plans to meet with Dr. David attempt by authorities to shut down the anti­ Koech, director of the Kenyan Medical In­ abortion protest there . Two of the leaders on AIDS guidelines stitute . banned by Kelly vowed at a press confer­ Dozens of medical groups rejected a direc­ Dr. Koech claims that researchconduct­ ence in Washington, D.C. to return to tive from the Centers for Disease Control in ed at his institute has shown that a variant Wichita, despite the order. "HelJ will freeze Atlanta, Georgia that they set up guidelines of the drug alpha interferon alleviated the over before I surrender my constitutional restricting health workers with AIDS from symptoms of HIV infection in several pa­ rights," vowed Patrick Mahoney. performing "high-risk" procedures on their tients . patients , at a meeting convened Aug. 28 by Dr. Koech has been denied entry into the American Medical Association (AMA) . the United States to present his findings for Earlier in August, the CDC set a Nov . independent review. Dr. Muhammad hopes 15 deadline for professional groups to de­ to determine if there is any validity to Dr. Casolaro death vise lists of procedures which AIDS-infect­ Koech's claims, and if so, to undertake a ed health workers should not engage in, fol­ campaign for research to be conducted in being probed lowing the discovery that a Florida dentist the U.S. and elsewhere on the use of the The death of investigator-writer Danny Ca­ had infected five of his patients with the drug to fight AIDS . solaro in Martinsburg, West Virginia on disease. Kenyan President Daniel Arap Moi an­ Aug . lOis now being investigated by at least AMA vice president Dr. M. Roy nounced that his government will establish one federal agency, according to sources Schwarz said, "The prevailing attitude was a factory to manufacture the alpha interferon close to the probe . Casolaro was found with that compiling a list implies there is a sig­ drug, which goes under the trade name both his wrists slashed in a local motel after nificant risk, and thus would mislead the Kemron. reportedly traveling to Martinsburg to meet public and capitulate to public fears . Most with a crucial "source" who was to provide of the representatives felt therewas no sci­ evidence linking the Department of Jus­ entific basis to do that." Now, the AMA tice's (DoJ) theftof a valuable software pro­ says it will review the policy it announced gram from the computer firm Inslaw, Inc . in January of urging doctors to be tested for 'Free Jim Bakker' call to the Iran-Contra and the Bank of Credit the virus and to warn their patients about and Commerce International scandals. their condition, because the "risk of trans­ begs LaRouche issue Investigations by both police agencies mission is . . . so low." An editorial in the Aug. 26 evening Balti­ and reporters center around two shadowy At a news conference Aug. 29, former more SUR calJed for the freeing of jailed figures in the Inslaw affair: businessman Dr. Surgeon General C. Everett Koop said the televangelist Jim Bakker. The call begs the Earl Brian and U.S. Customs and DoJ offi­ chances "are essentially nil unless [the pa­ question of why Lyndon LaRouche, who cial Peter Videnieks . EIR has received re­ tients] are having a sexual relationship or was railrQaded by a multi-jurisdictional task ports that at the time of his death, Casolaro shooting drugs and sharing needles" with force of government and private agencies, was about to meet with Videnieks. Vide- their health-care workers. is not also immediately freed from prison.

70 National EIR September 13, 1991 Brilffly

• MARONITE Bishop John Che­ • did of Los Angeles was the victim of While the Sun writes that it is "good United States. While the AAM was original­ what police describe as a "hit and news" that Bakker's sentence was reduced ly committed to a parity-price policy, it run" car accident Aug. 12. By late from 45 years to 18 years, it is "wholly out abandoned that policy as it came under in­ August he was listed in fair condi­ of line with the offense Bakker committed. creasing cartel domination. tion. The bishop's assistant pastor "What makes Bakker's case for release Senter is known for extirpating the disputes the police claim that it was compelling is the considerably shorter sen­ "LaRouche influence" from the AAM , Le. , an accident, apd the bishop has re­ tences given to the perpertrators of the Wall the fightfor a parity price and opposition to portedly received personal threats. Street financial scandals of the 1980s. Even the Trilateral Commission. The AAM has The incident occurs in the context of a Ivan Boesky, who garnered three times as received generous funding from the cartels, worldwide assault on Lebanese who much money as Bakker did, got only three and Senter has brought them into the cartel­ are opposed to Syria's takeover of years , and was out in no time. Michael Mil­ controlled farm umbrella organization, the Lebanon. ken, who gave America junk bonds, also "national family farm coalition." got less than Bakker. • THE CIA announced Sept. 2 that ''The U.S. government argues that Bak­ agency employees will be allowed to ker's offense was more reprehensible than donate to a legal fund that was re­ Boesky's because Bakker preyed upon cently set up for former and current naive people. That's a debatable premise, Economic depression CIA agents who have come under in­ and very patronizingto people who find so­ vestigation by Irangate special prose­ lace in Bakker's particular brand of religion. boosts Solidarity march cutor Judge Lawrence Walsh. Fraud is fraud, without regard to the victim. Some 250,000to 300,000people turnedout The two years Bakker has already served for the Aug . 31 "Solidarity Day" march on • GEORGE BUSH'S Aug. 1 should be ample to put the fear of the courts, Washington, D.C., according to estimates speech in Kiev, Ukraine, in which he if not the fear of God , into any future TV by various police agencies and participants . told Soviet republics to sign Gorba­ evangelist out to make a fast buck with The high attendance was impelled by the chov's "union treaty ," "is a model of fraudulentreligious appeals. Bakker should economic collapse now rolling across the Marxist dialectics," charged Geor­ be set free ." country, epitomized by the news that a re­ gian President Zviad Gamsakhurdia, cord number of jobless have now exhausted according to the Aug. 29 French-lan­ their governmentunemployment benefits . guage Lettre d' Afr ique. "For more The AFL-CIO was the initial sponsoring than a half-century, the victims of So­ group for the march, joined by dozens of viet-communist annexations have AAM proposes to end other entities, including the United Auto naively believed that America sup­ Workers and the National Association for ported democracy and the liberation farm support payments the Advancement of Colored People. of oppressed peoples," he said. David Senter, the national director of the March coordinators announced that they American Agriculture Movement (AAM), deliberately deterred politicians from speak­ • ROBERT KlMMITT, Donald has called for eliminating federal farm pro­ ing to dramatize that no politician can rely Gregg, and William Odom were grams following a vote by the AAM board anymore on the automatic endorsement of named as suspects in the "October on July 13 to worHor abolition of the feder­ organized labor. However, AFL-CIO func­ Surprise" scandal in the "Inside the al farm programs . "We support zeroing out tionaries booked such Hollywood human­ Beltway" colUmn of the Sept. 3 funding for USDA. If it is a free market we oids to address the march as Willie Nelson Washington Times, based on a report need, then let's get on with it . Let's really and Pete Seeger. Nelson is billed as "friend in the latest issue of the Washington show them what a free market would look of the farmer," and advocates a "hemp­ Monthly. like: a disasterfor family farmers ," said the based" (Le. , dope) economy . Seeger still spokesman. sings ditties about the "common man." • 'BRIDGE Across Jordan,' the The call follows the release of bulletin The only proposals which addressed the book by Amelia Boynton Robinson 630 in August by the U.S. Department of depression were introduced by supporters of on the civil rights movement, was Agriculture's Economic Research Service Lyndon LaRouche, who distributed several presented to the Graterford Prison entitled "Farms Without Program Pay­ thousand copies of his proposal for a "Pro­ NAACP chapter near Philadelphia ments ." ductive Triangle" to start a worldwide eco-" Aug. 29 by Schiller Institute repre­ Without a parity price paid to the farmer nomic recovery . Two large banners reading sentative Phil Valenti. About 150 in­ which covers his cost of production plus "Dump Bush, NAFTA Equals Slave Labor, mates attended the ceremony after something more to ensure technological Free LaRouche," and "Impeach Bush, Free prison officials reneged on their modernization, the abrupt end of fe deral LaRouche," received a positive response promise to allow the general prison farm programs would finishoff the few fam­ from march participants . Many agreed, population of 5,000 to attend. ily farm operations which remain in the "Yes, it's time to free LaRouche;"

EIR September 13, 1991 National 71 Editorial

HopeJor humanity

The emergence of the 15 newly sovereign republics productive investment. from what was formerly the Soviet Union, is clearly a Within the community ofsovereign nations, under cause for celebration-but only if the rest ofthe world conditions in which the bankers' dictatorship is no takes the opportunity to press ahead to see that the longer imposing shock austerity on the Third World LaRouche "Productive Triangle" proposal becomes an and the countries newly emetging from the stranglehold economic reality . Unless the power of the International of communist dictatorships, an emphasis upon invest­ Monetary Fund is smashed, then the potential of the ment in infrastructure projec�s would naturally emerge . republics will be destroyed as surely as the economy of This would have the added advantage-in addition to Poland is going down the drain. providing much needed eXipansion of transportation A first step in creating a climate in which the Ger­ and energy capacity--of sopping up excess labor. man and French governments break decisively with In the advanced sector, I some of this labor makes the British and American pretenders' imperial world up the pool of long-term upemployed, but many are dominance, is the creation of an international body of misemployed in dead-end, service jobs. On a global influential citizens and organizations, preparedto lend scale, there is not enough food being produced. Farm­ their names to a call for implementation of the ers must be assured a parity price so that they can expect LaRouche program . What is needed is a broad, interna­ a fair, competitive profitfor 'their labors . Similarly, we tional movement which will set up a clamor for the kind need to foster a middle-range state-of-the-art technolo­ of physical-economic reforms so urgently needed in gy sector. every country . This is true for Central and South The specific area designated by LaRouche as the America, as well as for the former East bloc, and for Productive Triangle , is unique not only in the quality Africa. of labor power which it commands, but in the historical In the 1950s or the early 1960s, a proposal such as tradition stretching back to the heritage of Charle­ LaRouche's for rapid development of expanded infra­ magne , which it represents. That is why he has chosen structural investment capability would have been the it as the focal point of his global proposal for a massive natural orientation of the United States, which was upsurge in productive investment. then a powerhouse of capital goods export to countries As LaRouche sees it, such a project will develop in everywhere . Today , it is the region centered in Germa­ phases . Initially what is neec;ted, particularlyin Europe , ny and extending to Paris on the one side, and Austria is the development of addItional high-speed railroad and Czechoslovakia on the other, which LaRouche capability. The labor traine4 on these projects will then identifies as the area of the Productive Triangle-the be prepared to move directly into high-technology in­ region of densest existing concentration of productive dustry . capacity in the world. We must move quickly to create an effective inter­ What must be established is a community-of-inter­ national movement in suppprt of these objectives. We est principle among sovereign states, which is based must educate the peoples pf the world to decisively upon their real national interest. This means that some­ reject the vicious proposals {oreconomic austerity ema­ thing like the Bretton Woods mechanism for preserving nating from Harvard University's Jeffrey Sachs, from the value of currencies is reinstated upon the basis of the nasty Margaret Thatcher and the present British gold reserves. Protection of the credit systems of the governmentas well, and frOm the Bush administration. newly emerging republics, and of nations everyWhere, George Bush's foreign and domestic policies are is crucial in order to allow for the maintenance of low­ bankrupt, but we must stop him before he bankrupts interest, long-term credit for the purpose of trade and the rest of the world.

72 National EIR September 13, 1991 EIR Audio Report Bridge Across Jordan by Amelia Platts Boynton RobiQson Your weekly antidote From the civil rights struggle in . for New W orld . Order 'news' the South in the 19306, to the . Edmund Pettus Bridge at Selma, Exclusive news reports and interviews Alabama in 1965, to the liberation of East Germany in Audio statements by Lyndon LaRouche 1989-90: the new edition of the classic account by an American Updates On : - The Real Economy heroine who struggled at the side - Science and Technology of Dr. Martin Luther King and - The Fight for Constitutional Law today is fighting for the cause of - The Right to Life Lyndon LaRouche. • Food and Agriculture "an inspiring, eloquent • The Arts memoir of her more than five • The Living History of the American decades on the front lines ... Republic ... J wholeheartedly recommend: • Essential Reports from around the it to everyone who cares Globe about human rights in America. "-Coretta Scott $500 for 50 Issues An hour-long audio cassette sent by first-class mail o plus postage and each week. Includes cover letter with contents. Order from: handling ($1.75 for the Make checks 'payable to : first book, $.75 for each Ben Franklin Booksellers additional book). Virginia 27 South King Street residents add 4.5% sales EIR News Service Leesburg, Virginia 22075 P.O. Box 17390, Washington, D.C. 20041 -0390 tax. Make check or money order payable to Ben Telephone (703) 777-366 1 Phone: (703) 777-9451 Fax : (703) 771-9492 { Franklin Booksellers. Mastercard and Visa accepted.

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EIR Special Report " ' ..- , . "

The best oveIView to date of the LaRouche "The ruin of developing countries and the "Productive Triangle" proposal, which is becoming deepening economic depression in the English­ world-famous as the only serious solution to the speaking world make clear that the system of present worldwide economic breakdown. Adam Smith is no more capable than that of Karl Marx to provide a solution to the economic $100 misery of eastern Europe. "What is required is a 'grand design' of European policy, which not only masters the ' task. of reconstruction but simultaneously Make check or rT),oney order payable to: contributes to world development and peace. �TIillNe",s Service Such a plan is Lyndon LaRouche's proposed 'Productive Triangle' program." P.o. Box P390 Washington, D.C. 20041-0390 -from the Berljn Declaration, Mastercard and Visa accepted. March 4, 1991