DOCSLIB.ORG

Infectious Causes of Cancer: a Guide for Nurses and Healthcare

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Infectious Causes of Cancer: a Guide for Nurses and Healthcare flast.indd x 8/24/2010 7:02:15 AM Infectious Causes of Cancer 9780470518052_1_pretoc.indd i 8/23/2010 6:43:12 PM Dedication To my wife Liz and my son Ian 9780470518052_1_pretoc.indd ii 8/23/2010 6:43:13 PM Infectious Causes of Cancer A guide for nurses and healthcare professionals Kenneth Campbell, MSc (Clinical Oncology) A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication 9780470518052_1_pretoc.indd iii 8/23/2010 6:43:13 PM This edition first published 2011 © 2011 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Wiley-Blackwell is an imprint of John Wiley & Sons Ltd, formed by the merger of Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Registered Offi ce John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom Editorial Offi ces John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, United Kingdom 2121 State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50014-8300, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats: ePDF 9780470753644. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Campbell, Ken, FIBMS. Infectious causes of cancer : a guide for nurses and healthcare professionals / Kenneth Campbell. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-470-51805-2 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Microbial carcinogenesis. 2. Viral carcinogenesis. 3. Cancer–Nursing. I. Title. [DNLM: 1. Neoplasms–etiology. 2. Neoplasms–nursing. 3. DNA Viruses–pathogenicity. 4. Nursing Care. 5. Oncogenic Viruses–pathogenicity. WY 156] RC268.57.C357 2011 616.99’401–dc22 2010031090 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Set in 10/12.5pt Palatino by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India 1 2011 9780470518052_1_pretoc.indd iv 8/23/2010 6:43:13 PM Contents Preface . ..vii Abbreviations . .viii Introduction . .1 1 Historical background . .5 2 The global burden. .20 3 Molecular biology of cancer . .44 4 Biological background . .57 5 Public health considerations and prevention . .70 Part I: Viral Causes of Cancer . .91 6 Herpesviruses (Herpesviridae). .93 7 Hepatitis viruses . .106 8 Human papillomaviruses . .121 9 Retroviruses . .141 10 Polyomaviruses . .155 Part II: Bacterial Causes of Cancer . .159 11 Helicobacter pylori . .161 Part III: Parasitic Causes of Cancer . .173 12 Schistosome species . .175 9780470518052_2_toc.indd v 8/20/2010 3:47:03 PM vi ■ Contents 13 Liver flukes . .182 14 Unconfirmed associations . .187 Summary Tables. .191 Index . .202 9780470518052_2_toc.indd vi 8/20/2010 3:47:03 PM Preface Worldwide, over 10 million people are diagnosed with cancer each year and about 6 million people die each year of cancer; in the developing world as much as 25% of the cancer burden results from chronic infection1. Vaccination against Hepatitis B virus has had striking success in reducing the incidence of liver can- cer in populations where the infection is endemic. Development of a vaccine against Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) offers hope of similar reduction in cervi- cal cancer incidence. This book, aimed principally at nurses and other healthcare professionals, will consider the epidemiology and biology of infectious causes of cancer. It will dis- cuss each of the infectious agents associated with an increased risk of cancer discussing epidemiology of the infection and cancer(s), pathophysiology of the cancer(s) mechanisms, associated risk factors, and prevention of the infection and of the associated cancer(s). It is vital for nurses and other healthcare professionals to be aware of the extent of infection-associated cancer and of how they can contribute to prevention of such cancers. Although the burden of infection-associated cancers is greatest in the developing world, they constitute a very significant fraction of all cases seen glo- bally and the rise in global travel requires nurses to have a global understanding of health risks. Reference 1. Bray, F. I. & Ferlay, J. (2003) The global burden of cancer. In: World Cancer Report, 1st edn (eds B. W. Stewart & P. Kleihues), pp. 11–19. IARC, Lyon. fpref.indd vii 8/24/2010 7:02:34 AM Abbreviations ABC Abstain, Be faithful, use a Condom AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ATLL Adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma BBV Blood-borne viruses BCE Before Christian Era BL Burkitt’s Lymphoma CAH Chronic active hepatitis CDC Centers for Disease Control CIN Cervical intra-epithelial neoplasm CKS Classic Kaposi sarcoma CMV Cytomegalovirus CTL Cytotoxic T lymphocyte CTVT Canine transmissible venereal tumour EBV Epstein–Barr virus ECC Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma ERV Endogenous retrovirus GBV Hepatitis G virus GERD Gastro-oesophageal reflux disorder GSHV Ground squirrel hepatitis virus GvHD Graft versus host disease HAART Highly active anti-retroviral therapy HAM/TSP HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/Tropical spastic paresis HBV Hepatitis B virus HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma HCV Hepatitis C virus HDV Hepatitis D virus HER Human endogenous retrovirus HGV Hepatitis G virus HHMMTV Human homologue of MMTV HHV4 Human herpesvirus 4 HHV8 Human herpesvirus 8 HIV Human immunodeficiency virus HL Hodgkin Lymphoma flast.indd viii 8/24/2010 7:02:15 AM Abbreviations ■ ix HNC Head and neck cancer HNSCC Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck HPA Health Protection Agency HPV Human papillomavirus HSV Herpes simplex virus HTLV-1 Human T lymphotropic virus-1 Human T cell leukaemia virus-1 IAC Infection-associated cancer IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer ICC Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma IM Infectious mononucleosis IP-CNS Immunoblastic primary central nervous system lymphoma KS Kaposi sarcoma KSHV Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus LSHTM London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine MALT Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue MALToma Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma MCC Merkel cell carcinoma MCD Multi-centric Castleman’s disease MCPV Merkel cell polyomavirus MCV Merkel cell virus MMTV Murine mammary tumour virus MSM Men who have sex with men NAT Nucleic acid test NPC Nasopharyngeal carcinoma PEL Primary effusion lymphoma PMTCT Prevention of mother to child transmission PTLD Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder PWHA People with HIV or AIDS QALY Quality adjusted life year RSV Rous sarcoma virus SABC Schistosomiasis-associated bladder cancer SCC Squamous cell carcinoma SSE Stratified squamous epithelium STI Sexually transmitted infection SV40 Simian virus 40 TCC Transitional cell carcinoma TRIM Transfusion-related immunomodulation TTI Transfusion-transmitted infection VLP Virus-like particle WHO World Health Organization WHV Woodchuck hepatitis virus flast.indd ix 8/24/2010 7:02:15 AM flast.indd x 8/24/2010 7:02:15 AM Introduction Over 99% of the world’s population is infected with at least one potentially cancer-causing organism. Clearly, the mere presence of such an organism is not typically sufficient to cause cancer – in most, and probably all, cases the infection is a necessary but not sufficient cause1. Fortunately, the requirement for cofactors ensures that most such infections only cause cancer in a small proportion of infected individuals. Despite this, infections are estimated collectively to account for at least 16% of all cancers globally, while in the developing world the propor- tion may be greater than 20%2. Kinlen has pointed out that these are likely to be underestimates since they do not include instances of infections acting as co- carcinogens3, while Blattner has suggested that viruses alone may account for 20% of all cancers4. It is often stated that cervical cancer is unique in always being asso- ciated with a specific causal agent (human papillomavirus (HPV) which has been demonstrated in 99.7% of cervical cancer specimens examined5); this is not strictly true since the presence of HTLV-1 is part of the definition of Adult T cell leukae- mia/lymphoma (ATTL)6. It is clear that, although HPV infection is necessary for cervical cancer to develop, it is not sufficient; if it were, the incidence of cervical cancer would be much higher, it is the second commonest cancer affecting women globally and, in some developing countries it is the most common female cancer. It has been suggested that ‘Most women in the world are probably infected with at least one if not several types of HPV during their sexual life.7’ Throughout most of human history, conditions of hygiene and sanitation now seen only in the developing world and amongst the very poor were the norm. This implies that the global impact of infectious causes of cancer would almost cer- tainly have been significantly greater than in modern times. Many of the com- moner cancers in the developed world are diseases of late life so they are comparatively rare in populations with short average life expectancy.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bukti C 01. Molecular Genetic Diversity Compressed.Pdf
    Syst Parasitol (2018) 95:235–247 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-018-9778-0 Molecular genetic diversity of Gongylonema neoplasticum (Fibiger & Ditlevsen, 1914) (Spirurida: Gongylonematidae) from rodents in Southeast Asia Aogu Setsuda . Alexis Ribas . Kittipong Chaisiri . Serge Morand . Monidarin Chou . Fidelino Malbas . Muchammad Yunus . Hiroshi Sato Received: 12 December 2017 / Accepted: 20 January 2018 / Published online: 14 February 2018 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract More than a dozen Gongylonema rodent Gongylonema spp. from the cosmopolitan spp. (Spirurida: Spiruroidea: Gongylonematidae) congener, the genetic characterisation of G. neoplas- have been described from a variety of rodent hosts ticum from Asian Rattus spp. in the original endemic worldwide. Gongylonema neoplasticum (Fibiger & area should be considered since the morphological Ditlevsen, 1914), which dwells in the gastric mucosa identification of Gongylonema spp. is often difficult of rats such as Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout) and due to variations of critical phenotypical characters, Rattus rattus (Linnaeus), is currently regarded as a e.g. spicule lengths and numbers of caudal papillae. In cosmopolitan nematode in accordance with global the present study, morphologically identified G. dispersion of its definitive hosts beyond Asia. To neoplasticum from 114 rats of seven species from facilitate the reliable specific differentiation of local Southeast Asia were selected from archived survey materials from almost 4,500 rodents: Thailand (58 rats), Cambodia (52 rats), Laos (three rats) and This article is part of the Topical Collection Nematoda. A. Setsuda Á H. Sato (&) M. Chou Laboratory of Parasitology, United Graduate School Laboratoire Rodolphe Me´rieux, University of Health of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Sciences, 73, Preah Monivong Blvd, Sangkat Sras Chak, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh, Cambodia e-mail: [email protected] F.
    [Show full text]
  • Capítulo 9 Chapter 9
    CAPÍTULO 9 CHAPTER 9 LISTA DOS NEMÁTODES (NEMATODA) TERRESTRES DOS AÇORES LIST OF THE TERRESTRIAL NEMATODES (NEMATODA) FROM AZORES Autores (Authors) Paulo Vieira1, Dieter Sturhan2, Pedro Barbosa1, Ludovina Padre3 & Manuel Mota1 1 NemaLab/ICAAM, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal; e-mails: [email protected]; pm- [email protected]; [email protected]. 2 Formerly: Biologische Bundesanstalt, Institut für Nematologie und Wirbeltierkunde, Toppheideweg 88, 48161 Münster, Germany; e-mail: [email protected]. 3 Laboratório de Parasitologia Victor Caeiro, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portu- gal; e-mail: [email protected]. 157 Notas explicativas Explanatory notes Os nemátodes são um grupo de invertebrados, não Nematodes are a group of non-segmented invertebrates, segmentados que formam um filo (Nematoda) bem which constitute a well defined phylum (Nematoda) definido e claramente distinto dos outros grupos de or- distinct from other animal groups. This phylum is one of ganismos. Este filo constitui um dos grupos animais the most disseminated group of animals in the planet and mais disseminados no planeta, e em termos de número the most abundant: it is estimated that four out of every de indivíduos, os nemátodes são o grupo animal mais five animals in the biosphere are nematodes. Despite abundante na Terra: quatro em cada cinco animais da being microscopic, these multicellular animals are biosfera são nemátodes. Apesar de microscópicos, os capable of exploring a wide variety of habitats including animais multicelulares que constituem este grupo são oceans, fresh waters, soils, animals and plant, and even capazes de explorar uma enorme variedade de habi- extreme environments such as dry soils in the Antarctica tats, nos mares, nas águas doces, nos solos, bem como or thermal vents (Baldwin et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Gastro-Intestinal Helminths in the Red-Bellied Squirrel Introduced in Argentina: Accidental Acquisitions and Lack of Specific Parasites
    Published by Associazione Teriologica Italiana Volume 25 (2): 97–102, 2014 Hystrix, the Italian Journal of Mammalogy Available online at: http://www.italian-journal-of-mammalogy.it/article/view/10276/pdf doi:10.4404/hystrix-25.2-10276 Research Article Gastro-intestinal helminths in the red-bellied squirrel introduced in Argentina: accidental acquisitions and lack of specific parasites Ana Cecilia Gozzia,∗, María Laura Guichóna,b, Verónica Victoria Beniteza, Adrián Troyellia, Graciela Teresa Navonec aEcología de Mamíferos Introducidos, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Rutas 5 y 7, Luján (6700), Buenos Aires, Argentina bpresent address: Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA, UNCo-CONICET), basado en Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Neuquén (CEAN), Ruta Provincial N861 Km. 3 (CC N87), Paraje San Cabao, (8371) Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina cCentro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE), Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) La Plata; Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP). Boulevar 120 S/N entre Avda 60 y calle 64 (B1902CHX), La Plata, Argentina Keywords: Abstract Invasive squirrel helminth survey Introduced species may lose their natural parasites when invading a new habitat, may acquire new, nematodes local parasites or may introduce parasites from their native range. We studied the gastro-intestinal parasite release helminth fauna associated with the red-bellied squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus (Pallas, 1778) in- troduced in Argentina to evaluate its role as a host of either specific or acquired parasites in two Article history: invasion foci. We analyzed entire digestive tracts of 72 red-bellied squirrels captured in the main Received: 19 August 2014 invasion focus (Luján, province of Buenos Aires) between February and May 2011, and in a second- Accepted: 7 November 2014 ary focus (Cañada de Gómez, province of Santa Fe) in December 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Progress in Our Knowledge of Parasitic Worms and Their Relation to the Public Health
    378 RECENT PROGRESS IN OUR KNOWLEDGE OF PARASITIC WORMS AND THEIR RELATION TO THE PUBLIC HEALTH. BY WILLIAM NICOLL, M.A., D.Sc, M.D., D.P.H. (London School of Tropical Medicine.) TEN years ago I made an attempt to summarize briefly the advances which had been made in our knowledge of parasitic worms during the preceding few years. The interval has witnessed much upheaval and interruption of scientific labour, but nevertheless a very considerable amount of work on the subject has been accomplished. The nature of this does not appear to have been influenced to any exceptional extent by the war. During this period a terse but useful summary of the more outstanding recent parasitological work has been published by Faust who deals with the subject mainly from its zoological aspect; while the chief publications of medical interest have been succinctly reviewed by Leiper. In the following notes I propose to deal with the subject in somewhat greater detail particu- larly in its relation to the public health. One might have anticipated that in a country such as France the pre- paration and publication of scientific papers would have been grievously hampered by war conditions but that was certainly far from being the case, for French workers, indeed, are excelled only by British and Americans in the quantity and quality of their output of helminthological literature. Russia and Germany are, as might have been expected, a considerable dis- tance behind, while the only other countries in which any outstanding work on parasitic worms has been done are Brazil and Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Kagawa-MS-1977.Pdf
    Thesis Approved By Major Advisor -------I ___s. Dean / A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF THE PARASITES OF BLATTA ORIENTALIS BY MARGARET MAILE KAGAWA A THESIS Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the Creighton University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in the Department of Biology Omaha, 1977 IV ACKNOWLEDGMENT S I would like to express my sincere appreciation to all those who made this thesis possible. Special thanks goes to my family and to Dr. Charles B. Curtin. Thanks goes also to Dr. Robert W. Belknap and Dr. Harry Nickla. I am grateful to the staff at the Henry Doorly Zoo for their assistance in my collection Blatta orientalis and to the graduate students for their continual encourage­ ment. This thesis is dedicated to Pat, in gratitude for his support and patience over these last three years. V TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. The Medical and Veterinary Importance of Cockroaches 4 B. Parasites of Blatta orientalis 21 C. Experimental Infections 28 II. PURPOSE 32 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE COLLECTION SITE 33 IV. MATERIALS AND METHODS 33 A. Collection of Blatta orientalis 33 B . Laboratory Methods and Materials 40 V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 42 VI. SUMMARY 55 REFERENCES CITED 57 vi LIST OF TABLES Page 6 Table 1. Cockroach Vectors of Pathogens Table 2. Bacterial Pathogens Found in Cockroach Feces 11 Table 3. Pathogenic Protozoans Recovered from Cockroach Feces 13 Table 4. Parasitic Helminth Eggs Recovered from Cockroach Feces 14' Table 5. Acanthocephalan Larvae Recorded from Cockroaches 16 Table 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Johannes Fibiger
    J OHANNES F I B I G E R Investigations on Spiroptera carcinoma and the experimental induction of cancer Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1927 Ladies and Gentlemen. Now that it is my honour to address the Swedish Society of Medicine, I should like to begin by expressing the debt of gratitude I owe to this Society. In 1913, some six months after I had published my first work on Spiroptera carcinoma, the Swedish Society of Medicine did me the honour of making me its member. This was the first recognition of this kind which came to me after the appearance of my work, and I would like to mention again today, here in the home of the Society, the great pleasure which I felt then and which I still recall with sincere gratitude. Before I go on to relate the principal results of my investigations on Spirop- tera carcinoma and the experimental induction of cancer, I would like to be allowed to offer the Nobel Foundation and the Staff of Professors of the Caroline Medio-Surgical Institute my most sincere and humble thanks for the great honour they have done me by finding my experiments worthy of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. It is possible to trace back attempts at supplementing clinical and anatom- ical studies of cancer by means of experimental work on the disease’s origins, development and dissemination in the organism over a great number of years; not only the first, primitive experiments made over 150 years ago, but many more recent ones met with only negative results up to a short time ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Un Prix Nobel Discuté : Johannes Fibiger, 1926 *
    Un prix Nobel discuté : Johannes Fibiger, 1926 * par Jean-Claude PETITHORY **, Jean THÉODORIDÈS*** et Lucien BRUMPT La vie de J. Fibiger Elle peut être retracé principalement grâce aux travaux très documentés d'un autre danois, Clemmesen J. (1978). Johannes Andréas Grib Fibiger est né en 1867 à Silkebory, au Danemark. Ses ancêtres étaient des musiciens qui avaient émigré d'Allemagne au Danemark vers 1680. Son père était médecin et mourut en 1873, à l'âge de 54 ans, alors que Johannes n'était encore âgé que de 6 ans. Sa mère le délaissa pour la littérature. Il fut profondément attaché à son oncle, dont le fils adoptif, Karl Gjellerup fut récompensé du prix Nobel en littérature. Toutes les personnes qui l'ont connu et ceux qui ont étudié son œuvre, sont una­ nimes à reconnaître qu'il était extrêmement consciencieux, et très méticuleux. Il lui arrivait d'être en colère, mais revenait très vite à la bonne humeur. Il était également d'une honnêteté scrupuleuse. Il devint médecin de l'école de médecine de l'université de Copenhague en 1890 et passa une thèse de doctorat en bactériologie en 1895 qui avait pour sujet l'étude du bacille diphtérique en particulier les aspects épidémiologiques correspondants. En 1897 il fit une enquête sur l'efficacité du sérum antidiphtérique. Changeant d'orientation peu de temps après, il s'orienta vers l'anatomie pathologique et devint titulaire de la chaire correspondante en 1900 au décès de Lange. Pendant les premières années dans cette nouvelle discipline, il travailla sur un sujet qui faisait transition avec sa précédente orientation, la tuberculose, en particulier sur l'importance de la tuberculose bovine chez l'homme, ce qui était contesté par R.
    [Show full text]
  • The Helminthological Society -Of Fe
    July 1995 Number 2 >v- of . THe Helminthological Society -of fe A semiannual journal of research devoted to Helminthology and all branches of Parasitology Supported in part by the , - (.^ >_.,-:• Brayton H. Ransom ^Memorial Trust Fund '/ \ _ CONTENTS ";'" -; , KHAN, R. .A.'AND A. J. PAUL. -Life Cycle Studies on Arcto-boreal Leeches (Hiru- 105 HASEGAWA, H. AND SYAFRUDDIN. " Nippostrongylus marhaeniae sp. n. and Other Nem- atodes Collected frqm Rattus cf. morotaiensis in "North Balmahera, Molucca Is- lands, Indonesia .-._ _;. _•; r.._.-^ '. .. .-.-.- _• ^ ; 1.11 NAHHAS, F JM. AND J. A. WETZEL. Di^ehetic Trematodes of Marihe'-Fishfes froWSuva, Fiji: The. Family Gyiiauchenidae Ozaki, 1933; '. .....^.^._.__^L ±_« -.117 DRONEN, N. O., Z: N. HQMESLEY, AND A. G. CLEVELAND. Conodiplostamwn asym- . metricuni sp. n. (Neodiplostomidae: Crassiphialinae), from, Niviveiiter cremori- - yenter (Muridae) from Yunnan, Proyince of the Peoples Republic of China GRACZYK, T. K,, M. R. CRANFIELD,_J. J. BROSSY, J. F. COCKREM, P. JOUVENTIN, AND P. J. SEDDON. < Detection of Avian Malaria Infections in Wild and Captive Pen- 135 McALLiSTER, C.XT., S.XUPTONrS. E. TRAUTH, AND C. R. BURSEY. N Parasites of Wood Frogs, Rana sylvatica (Ranrdae),: from Arkansas, with a Description of a"New_ . Species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) .__-..>: . .„... ;__-^_:iil: 143- MCALLISTER, C. T., C. R. ^LIRSEY, S. J. UPTON, S._ E. TRAUTH, AND D. B. .- CONN. Parasites of -Desmognathus brimleyorum(Caudala: Plethodontidae) from - " the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and-Oklahoma _.^__S.-1._1 . 1 ; - PARISELLE, A. AND (L. EUZET. Scutogyrus gen. n. (Monogenea/ Ancyrocephalidae) for Cichlidogyrus longicornis minus Dossou, 1982, C.
    [Show full text]
  • Instituto De Biociências Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Animal Leonardo Tresoldi Gonçalves Dna Barcoding Em Nematoda
    INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA ANIMAL LEONARDO TRESOLDI GONÇALVES DNA BARCODING EM NEMATODA: UMA ANÁLISE EXPLORATÓRIA UTILIZANDO SEQUÊNCIAS DE cox1 DEPOSITADAS EM BANCOS DE DADOS PORTO ALEGRE 2019 LEONARDO TRESOLDI GONÇALVES DNA BARCODING EM NEMATODA: UMA ANÁLISE EXPLORATÓRIA UTILIZANDO SEQUÊNCIAS DE cox1 DEPOSITADAS EM BANCOS DE DADOS Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Mestre em Biologia Animal. Área de concentração: Biologia Comparada Orientadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Cláudia Calegaro-Marques Coorientadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Maríndia Deprá PORTO ALEGRE 2019 LEONARDO TRESOLDI GONÇALVES DNA BARCODING EM NEMATODA: UMA ANÁLISE EXPLORATÓRIA UTILIZANDO SEQUÊNCIAS DE cox1 DEPOSITADAS EM BANCOS DE DADOS Aprovada em ____ de _________________ de 2019. BANCA EXAMINADORA ____________________________________________________ Dr.ª Eliane Fraga da Silveira (ULBRA) ____________________________________________________ Dr. Filipe Michels Bianchi (UFRGS) ____________________________________________________ Dr.ª Juliana Cordeiro (UFPel) i AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço a todos que, de uma forma ou de outra, estiveram comigo durante a trajetória deste mestrado. Este trabalho também é de vocês. Às minhas orientadoras, Cláudia Calegaro-Marques e Maríndia Deprá, por confiarem no meu trabalho, por fortalecerem minha autonomia, pelos conselhos e por todo o incentivo. Obrigado por aceitarem fazer parte desta jornada. À professora Suzana Amato, que ainda na minha graduação abriu as portas de seu laboratório e fez com que eu me interessasse pelos nematoides (e outros helmintos). Agradeço também pelas sugestões enquanto banca de acompanhamento deste mestrado. Ao Filipe Bianchi, por todo auxílio (principalmente na parte de bancada), pelas trocas de ideias sempre frutíferas e por aceitar fazer parte das bancas de acompanhamento e examinadora.
    [Show full text]
  • Science Vision 17, 33-52 (2017)
    Science Vision 17, 33-52 (2017) Available at SCIENCE VISION www.sciencevision.org SCIENCE VISION Historical Research OPEN ACCESS The making of oncology: The tales of false carcinogenic worms K. Lalchhandama Department of Zoology, Pachhunga University College, Aizawl 796001, Mizoram, India Cancer is a disease of antiquity. The Ancient Greeks were familiar with onkos (from Received 23 January 2017 Accepted 15 February 2017 which we have the term oncology)—tumour of all sorts. Hippocrates coined karki- nos and karkinoma, our source of the words cancer and carcinoma. Of a plethora *For correspondence : of carcinogens, parasitic worms (helminths) constitute a considerable health con- [email protected] cern. Three trematodes, Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, and Schisto- soma haematobium are now officially classified carcinogens. But the discovery of helminths as cancer-causing agents took wrong turns and marks an inglorious chapter in the history of science. The carcinogenicity of worms, vindicating Rudolf Virchow’s reiztheorie (irritation theory) of cancer origin, was glorified in the scien- tific forefront by Johannes Fibiger in the 1910s. Discovery of a new nematode, which he proudly named Spiroptera carcinoma, and his subsequent demonstration that the parasite could induce stomach cancer in rats, earned Fibiger a retrospec- tive Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1926, and a lasting fame. But not in an appealing way. His achievement did not withstand the test of time. S. carci- noma was annulled as an invalid taxon in zoology—supplanted by Gongylonema neoplasticum—and eventually was branded as a non-carcinogenic agent. Contact us : [email protected] Key words: Gongylonema neoplasticum; helminth; Fibiger; cancer; Nobel Prize.
    [Show full text]
  • Capítulo 9 Chapter 9
    CAPÍTULO 9 CHAPTER 9 LISTA DOS NEMÁTODES (NEMATODA) TERRESTRES DOS AÇORES LIST OF THE TERRESTRIAL NEMATODES (NEMATODA) FROM AZORES Autores (Authors) Paulo Vieira1, Dieter Sturhan2, Pedro Barbosa1, Ludovina Padre3 & Manuel Mota1 1 NemaLab/ICAAM, Dept. de Biologia, Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal; e-mail: [email protected]; pmbarbosa@ yahoo.com; [email protected] 2 Formerly: Biologische Bundesanstalt, Institut für Nematologie und Wirbeltierkunde, Toppheideweg 88, 48161 Münster, Germany; [email protected] 3 Lab. Parasitologia Victor Caeiro, Dept. de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal; e-mail: lpadre@ uevora.pt 37 Notas explicativas Explanatory notes Os nemátodes são um grupo de invertebrados, não Nematodes are a group of non-segmented invertebrates, segmentados que formam um Filo (Nematoda) bem which constitute a well defined phyllum (Nematoda) definido e claramente distinto dos outros grupos de or- distinct from other animal groups. This phyllum is one of ganismos. Este Filo constitui um dos grupos animais the most disseminated group of animals in the planet and mais disseminados no planeta, e em termos de número the most abundant: it is estimated that four out of every de indivíduos os nemátodes são o grupo animal mais five animals in the Biosphere are nematodes. Despite abundante na Terra: quatro em cada cinco animais da being microscopic, these multicellular animals are Biosfera são nemátodes. Apesar de microscópicos, capable of exploring a wide variety of habitats including os animais multicelulares que constituem este grupo oceans, fresh waters, soils, animal or plant parasites, são capazes de explorar uma enorme variedade de ha- and even extreme environments such as dry soils in the bitats, nos mares, nas águas doces, nos solos, como Antarctica or thermal vents (Baldwin et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertação Final Olivia Soares Cruz.Pdf
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM PARASITOLOGIA LEVANTAMENTO DE HELMINTOS EM QUATIS Nasua nasua Linnaeus, 1766 (Carnivora: Procyonidae) DO PARQUE DAS MANGABEIRAS, BELO HORIZONTE- MG Olívia Monique Soares Cruz Belo Horizonte 2019 Olívia Monique Soares Cruz LEVANTAMENTO DE HELMINTOS EM QUATIS Nasua nasua Linnaeus, 1766 (Carnivora: Procyonidae) DO PARQUE DAS MANGABEIRAS, BELO HORIZONTE - MG Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, como requisito parcial do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, para a obtenção do Título de Mestre. Orientador: Professor Dr. Walter dos Santos Lima Coorientadora: Profa. Dra Cintia Aparecida de Jesus Pereira Belo Horizonte 2019 Este projeto foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Helmintologia Veterinária do Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Conta com a colaboração do Prof. Dr. Luciano Capettini (Laboratório de Biologia Vascular/UFMG), da Profa. Dra. Teofânia Vidigal (Laboratório de Malacologia e Sistemática Molecular/UFMG), do ilustrador científico, Marco Anacleto do Centro de Coleções Taxonômicas/UFMG), do Projeto Quatis, do Centro de Aquisição e Processamento de Imagens (CAPI) do ICB/UFMG e do Centro de Microscopia da UFMG (CM-UFMG). Este trabalho foi financiado pela Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) e bolsa de mestrado (2017/2019), pelo Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa/CNPq, e pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Parasitologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, em nome do coordenador Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara, pela oportunidade e apoio na realização deste trabalho.
    [Show full text]