Pharmaceutical Microbiology Table of Contents
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Infant Antibiotic Exposure Search EMBASE 1. Exp Antibiotic Agent/ 2
Infant Antibiotic Exposure Search EMBASE 1. exp antibiotic agent/ 2. (Acedapsone or Alamethicin or Amdinocillin or Amdinocillin Pivoxil or Amikacin or Aminosalicylic Acid or Amoxicillin or Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination or Amphotericin B or Ampicillin or Anisomycin or Antimycin A or Arsphenamine or Aurodox or Azithromycin or Azlocillin or Aztreonam or Bacitracin or Bacteriocins or Bambermycins or beta-Lactams or Bongkrekic Acid or Brefeldin A or Butirosin Sulfate or Calcimycin or Candicidin or Capreomycin or Carbenicillin or Carfecillin or Cefaclor or Cefadroxil or Cefamandole or Cefatrizine or Cefazolin or Cefixime or Cefmenoxime or Cefmetazole or Cefonicid or Cefoperazone or Cefotaxime or Cefotetan or Cefotiam or Cefoxitin or Cefsulodin or Ceftazidime or Ceftizoxime or Ceftriaxone or Cefuroxime or Cephacetrile or Cephalexin or Cephaloglycin or Cephaloridine or Cephalosporins or Cephalothin or Cephamycins or Cephapirin or Cephradine or Chloramphenicol or Chlortetracycline or Ciprofloxacin or Citrinin or Clarithromycin or Clavulanic Acid or Clavulanic Acids or clindamycin or Clofazimine or Cloxacillin or Colistin or Cyclacillin or Cycloserine or Dactinomycin or Dapsone or Daptomycin or Demeclocycline or Diarylquinolines or Dibekacin or Dicloxacillin or Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate or Diketopiperazines or Distamycins or Doxycycline or Echinomycin or Edeine or Enoxacin or Enviomycin or Erythromycin or Erythromycin Estolate or Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate or Ethambutol or Ethionamide or Filipin or Floxacillin or Fluoroquinolones -
Nature Nurtures the Design of New Semi-Synthetic Macrolide Antibiotics
The Journal of Antibiotics (2017) 70, 527–533 OPEN Official journal of the Japan Antibiotics Research Association www.nature.com/ja REVIEW ARTICLE Nature nurtures the design of new semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotics Prabhavathi Fernandes, Evan Martens and David Pereira Erythromycin and its analogs are used to treat respiratory tract and other infections. The broad use of these antibiotics during the last 5 decades has led to resistance that can range from 20% to over 70% in certain parts of the world. Efforts to find macrolides that were active against macrolide-resistant strains led to the development of erythromycin analogs with alkyl-aryl side chains that mimicked the sugar side chain of 16-membered macrolides, such as tylosin. Further modifications were made to improve the potency of these molecules by removal of the cladinose sugar to obtain a smaller molecule, a modification that was learned from an older macrolide, pikromycin. A keto group was introduced after removal of the cladinose sugar to make the new ketolide subclass. Only one ketolide, telithromycin, received marketing authorization but because of severe adverse events, it is no longer widely used. Failure to identify the structure-relationship responsible for this clinical toxicity led to discontinuation of many ketolides that were in development. One that did complete clinical development, cethromycin, did not meet clinical efficacy criteria and therefore did not receive marketing approval. Work on developing new macrolides was re-initiated after showing that inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by the imidazolyl-pyridine moiety on the side chain of telithromycin was likely responsible for the severe adverse events. -
Backyard Chickens in the Consult Room
BACKYARD CHICKENS IN THE CONSULT ROOM Michael Cannon BVSc, MACVSc, Grad DipEd Cannon and Ball Veterinary Surgeons 461 Crown Street, West Wollongong In recent years clients are arriving with their chickens and but their expectations have changed ‐ they are wanting them treated as pets rather than as production animals. This means you cannot use common poultry techniques for diagnosis, such as slaughter and post‐mortem. The aim of this short presentation is to give you some tips on what I have found help me deal with this kind of patient. Common Breeds Clients often know the breed of their chickens and they become disappointed if you do not. They feel they know the breed so they know more than you. This embarrassing situation is simply avoided by the receptionist or nurse asking the question and recording the breed on your file. The common breeds that were the basis of many of the common backyard birds and the poultry industry in Australia are: Australorp and the White Leghorn. There are many other commonly encountered Show Poultry breeds such as : Silkie Bantam; White Sussex; Araucana, Ancona; Pekin (the true bantam): ISA Brown; Australian Game; Cochin; Barnevelder; White Polish; Minorca; Rhode Island Red and New Hampshire. Some Quick Facts •Many Backyard chickens live approximately 8‐10 years •They have only three good productive years • 70% of the cost of raising chickens is spent on feed •In monogastric animals, like chickens, energy comes mainly from carbohydrates and fats since fibre containing cellulose cannot be digested •White eggs are laid by chickens with white ear lobes, while brown eggs are laid by chickens with red ear lobes. -
Jp Xvii the Japanese Pharmacopoeia
JP XVII THE JAPANESE PHARMACOPOEIA SEVENTEENTH EDITION Official from April 1, 2016 English Version THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH, LABOUR AND WELFARE Notice: This English Version of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia is published for the convenience of users unfamiliar with the Japanese language. When and if any discrepancy arises between the Japanese original and its English translation, the former is authentic. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Ministerial Notification No. 64 Pursuant to Paragraph 1, Article 41 of the Law on Securing Quality, Efficacy and Safety of Products including Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices (Law No. 145, 1960), the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (Ministerial Notification No. 65, 2011), which has been established as follows*, shall be applied on April 1, 2016. However, in the case of drugs which are listed in the Pharmacopoeia (hereinafter referred to as ``previ- ous Pharmacopoeia'') [limited to those listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia whose standards are changed in accordance with this notification (hereinafter referred to as ``new Pharmacopoeia'')] and have been approved as of April 1, 2016 as prescribed under Paragraph 1, Article 14 of the same law [including drugs the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare specifies (the Ministry of Health and Welfare Ministerial Notification No. 104, 1994) as of March 31, 2016 as those exempted from marketing approval pursuant to Paragraph 1, Article 14 of the Same Law (hereinafter referred to as ``drugs exempted from approval'')], the Name and Standards established in the previous Pharmacopoeia (limited to part of the Name and Standards for the drugs concerned) may be accepted to conform to the Name and Standards established in the new Pharmacopoeia before and on September 30, 2017. -
E3 Appendix 1 (Part 1 of 2): Search Strategy Used in MEDLINE
This single copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. For permission to reprint multiple copies or to order presentation-ready copies for distribution, contact CJHP at [email protected] Appendix 1 (part 1 of 2): Search strategy used in MEDLINE # Searches 1 exp *anti-bacterial agents/ or (antimicrobial* or antibacterial* or antibiotic* or antiinfective* or anti-microbial* or anti-bacterial* or anti-biotic* or anti- infective* or “ß-lactam*” or b-Lactam* or beta-Lactam* or ampicillin* or carbapenem* or cephalosporin* or clindamycin or erythromycin or fluconazole* or methicillin or multidrug or multi-drug or penicillin* or tetracycline* or vancomycin).kf,kw,ti. or (antimicrobial or antibacterial or antiinfective or anti-microbial or anti-bacterial or anti-infective or “ß-lactam*” or b-Lactam* or beta-Lactam* or ampicillin* or carbapenem* or cephalosporin* or c lindamycin or erythromycin or fluconazole* or methicillin or multidrug or multi-drug or penicillin* or tetracycline* or vancomycin).ab. /freq=2 2 alamethicin/ or amdinocillin/ or amdinocillin pivoxil/ or amikacin/ or amoxicillin/ or amphotericin b/ or ampicillin/ or anisomycin/ or antimycin a/ or aurodox/ or azithromycin/ or azlocillin/ or aztreonam/ or bacitracin/ or bacteriocins/ or bambermycins/ or bongkrekic acid/ or brefeldin a/ or butirosin sulfate/ or calcimycin/ or candicidin/ or capreomycin/ or carbenicillin/ or carfecillin/ or cefaclor/ or cefadroxil/ or cefamandole/ or cefatrizine/ or cefazolin/ or cefixime/ or cefmenoxime/ or cefmetazole/ or cefonicid/ or cefoperazone/ -
WO 2016/120258 Al O
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date W O 2016/120258 A l 4 August 2016 (04.08.2016) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every A61K 9/00 (2006.01) A61K 31/00 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, A61K 9/20 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, (21) International Application Number: DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, PCT/EP20 16/05 1545 HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, (22) International Filing Date: KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, 26 January 2016 (26.01 .2016) MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, (25) Filing Language: English SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, (26) Publication Language: English TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 264/MUM/2015 27 January 2015 (27.01 .2015) IN kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, (71) Applicant: JANSSEN PHARMACEUTICA NV TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, [BE/BE]; Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse (BE). -
US 2002/0071822 A1 Uhrich (43) Pub
US 20020071822A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2002/0071822 A1 Uhrich (43) Pub. Date: Jun. 13, 2002 (54) THERAPEUTIC POLYESTERS AND provisional application No. 60/261,337, filed on Jan. POLYAMIDES 12, 2001. (76) Inventor: Kathryn E. Uhrich, Hoboken, NJ (US) Publication Classification Correspondence Address: (51) Int. Cl." ..................... A61K 31/785; A61K 31/765; SCHWEGMAN, LUNDBERG, WOESSNER & C08G 63/685; CO8G 63/688 KLUTH, PA. (52) U.S. Cl. ....................... 424/78.37; 528/288; 528/293 P.O. BOX 2938 MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55402 (US) (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 09/917,194 Polymers (i.e. polyesters, polyamides, and polythioesters or (22) Filed: Jul. 27, 2001 a mixture thereof) which degrade hydrolytically into bio logically active compounds are provided. Methods of pro Related U.S. Application Data ducing these polymers, intermediates useful for preparing these polymers, and methods of using these polymers to (63) Non-provisional of provisional application No. deliver biologically active compounds to a host are also 60/220,707, filed on Jul. 27, 2000. Non-provisional of provided. US 2002/0071822 A1 Jun. 13, 2002 THERAPEUTIC POLYESTERS AND POLYAMDES 0012. The invention also provides processes and inter mediates disclosed herein that are useful for preparing a PRIORITY OF INVENTION polymer of the invention. 0001. This application claims priority from U.S. Provi DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE sional Application No. 60/220,707, filed Jul. 27, 2000 and INVENTION U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/261,337, filed Dec. 1, 2001, which are incorporated herein by reference. 0013 Definitions 0014. The following definitions are used, unless other BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION wise described: halo is fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo. -
Effects of Chlortetracycline and Copper Supplementation on Levels of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Feces of Weaned Pigs
EFFECTS OF CHLORTETRACYCLINE AND COPPER SUPPLEMENTATION ON LEVELS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN THE FECES OF WEANED PIGS by GETAHUN EJETA AGGA DVM, Addis Ababa University, 2003 MSc, Utrecht University, 2008 AN ABSTRACT OF A DISSERTATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2013 Abstract The use of antibiotics in food animals is of major concern as a purported cause of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human pathogens; as a result, alternatives to in-feed antibiotics such as heavy metals have been proposed. The effect of copper and CTC supplementation in weaned pigs on AMR in the gut microbiota was evaluated. Four treatment groups: control, copper, chlortetracycline (CTC), and copper plus CTC were randomly allocated to 32 pens with five pigs per pen. Fecal samples (n = 576) were collected weekly from three pigs per pen over six weeks and two Escherichia coli isolates per sample were tested phenotypically for antimicrobial and copper susceptibilities and genotypically for the presence of tetracycline (tet), copper (pcoD) and ceftiofur (blaCMY-2) resistance genes. CTC-supplementation significantly increased tetracycline resistance and susceptibility to copper when compared with the control group. Copper supplementation decreased resistance to most of the antibiotics, including cephalosporins, over all treatment periods. However, copper supplementation did not affect minimum inhibitory concentrations of copper or detection of pcoD. While tetA and blaCMY-2 genes were associated with a higher multi-drug resistance (MDR), tetB and pcoD were associated with lower MDR. Supplementations of CTC or copper alone were associated with increased tetB prevalence; however, their combination was paradoxically associated with reduced prevalence. -
Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption in Europe 2013-2014 SURVEILLANCE REPORT
SURVEILLANCE REPORT SURVEILLANCE REPORT Surveillance of antimicrobial consumption in Europe in Europe consumption of antimicrobial Surveillance Surveillance of antimicrobial consumption in Europe 2013-2014 2012 www.ecdc.europa.eu ECDC SURVEILLANCE REPORT Surveillance of antimicrobial consumption in Europe 2013–2014 This report of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) was coordinated by Klaus Weist. Contributing authors Klaus Weist, Arno Muller, Ana Hoxha, Vera Vlahović-Palčevski, Christelle Elias, Dominique Monnet and Ole Heuer. Data analysis: Klaus Weist, Arno Muller and Ana Hoxha. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the ESAC-Net Disease Network Coordination Committee members (Marcel Bruch, Philippe Cavalié, Herman Goossens, Jenny Hellman, Susan Hopkins, Stephanie Natsch, Anna Olczak-Pienkowska, Ajay Oza, Arjana Tambić Andrasevic, Peter Zarb) and observers (Jane Robertson, Arno Muller, Mike Sharland, Theo Verheij) for providing valuable comments and scientific advice during the production of the report. All ESAC-Net participants and National Coordinators are acknowledged for providing data and valuable comments on this report. The authors also acknowledge Gaetan Guyodo, Catalin Albu and Anna Renau-Rosell for managing the data and providing technical support to the participating countries. Suggested citation: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Surveillance of antimicrobial consumption in Europe, 2013‒2014. Stockholm: ECDC; 2018. Stockholm, May 2018 ISBN 978-92-9498-187-5 ISSN 2315-0955 -
T Genetic Name of Midecamycin Acetate(MOM)
1086 THE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS AUG.198Z SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF A MACROLiDE AND A CELL WALL-AFFECTING ANTIBIOTIC ON PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IN VITRO AND IN VIVO 3.INCORPORATION OF[14C]MIDECAMYCIN ACETATE(MOM)† INTO P.AERUGINOSA PRETREATED WITH CELL WALL-AFFECTING. ANTIBIOTICS TAKAo KAsAI,*TosHlo ToMITA, SHIRo KANEGAsAKI and J, YuzuRu HoMMA** Department of Bacteriology,Institute of Medical Science, Universityof Tokyo, Shiroganedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo lO8, Japan (Received for publicatioll April l7,1982) Thc occurrence inρ 一lactam treated patiellts of unstable L-forms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa hlscnsitivc to various antibiotics and synergistic effect ofcombined action of celi wa11-affecting antibiotics and macrolide on Pseudomonas infection led us to examine thc effects of macrolidc on P.aeruginosa pretreated with cell wail-affbcting antibiotics. The effects of macrolide antibiotics such as midecamycin acetate(MOM)on P. aeruginosa was investigated, a rapid killing effect by MOM was lloted after treatmellt wkh suboptimal doses of ce11 wa11-affecting antibiotics such as polymyxin B, carbenicillin, dibekacill or fosfomycin. IIlcorporation of [1.4C]MOM lllto intact P.aeruginosa cells was not significant, but was apparent into L-form cells or cells pretreated wiIh cell wall-affecting antibiotics, The incor- porated radioactlvity was found in thc 70 S ribosome fractio11, binding with the 50 S subunits of ribosome in both cases, These results indicate tllat under certain conditions a macrolidc antibiotic can emer the P.aeruginosa cell, YAMAMoTo and HoMMA1)reported isolating unstable L-forms from clinical specimens of patients with chronic respiratory tract infection and cow mastitis due to P.aeruginosa who were undergoingβ 一 l actanl antibiotic therapy. -
Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance
This is a free sample of content from Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance. Click here for more information on how to buy the book. Index A Antifolates. See also specific drugs AAC(60)-Ib-cr, 185 novel compounds, 378–379 ACHN-975 overview, 373–374 clinical studies, 163–164 resistance mechanisms medicinal chemistry, 166 sulfamethoxazole, 378 structure, 162 trimethoprim, 374–378 AcrAB-TolC, 180 Apramycin, structure, 230 AcrD, 236 Arbekacin, 237–238 AdeRS, 257 Avibactam, structure, 38 AFN-1252 Azithromycin mechanism of action, 148, 153 resistance, 291, 295 resistance, 153 structure, 272 structure, 149 Aztreonam, structure, 36 AIM-1, 74 Amicoumacin A, 222 Amikacin B indications, 240 BaeSR, 257 structure, 230 BAL30072, 36 synthesis, 4 BB-78495, 162 Aminoglycosides. See also specific drugs BC-3205, 341, 344 historical perspective, 229–230 BC-7013, 341, 344 indications, 239–241 b-Lactamase. See also specific enzymes mechanism of action, 232 classification novel drugs, 237 class A, 67–71 pharmacodynamics, 238–239 class B, 69–74 pharmacokinetics, 238–239 class C, 69, 74 resistance mechanisms class D, 70, 74–77 aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes evolution of antibiotic resistance, 4 acetyltransferases, 233–235 historical perspective, 67 nucleotidyltransferases, 235 inhibitors phosphotransferases, 235 overview, 37–39 efflux-mediated resistance, 236 structures, 38 molecular epidemiology, 236–237 nomenclature, 67 overview, 17, 233 b-Lactams. See also specific classes and antibiotics ribosomal RNA modifications, 235–236 Enterococcus faecium–resistancemechanisms, -
Miconazole Nitrate Add Methanol to Make Exactly 20 Ml, and Use This Solution As the Standard Solution
JP XV O‹cial Monographs / Micronomicin Sulfate 893 sample solution. Pipet 1 mL of the sample solution, add methanol to make exactly 20 mL, pipet 1 mL of this solution, Miconazole Nitrate add methanol to make exactly 20 mL, and use this solution as the standard solution. Perform the test with these solutions ミコナゾール硝酸塩 as directed under Thin-layer Chromatography <2.03>. Spot 50 mL each of the sample solution and standard solution on a plate of silica gel for thin-layer chromatography. Develop the plate with a mixture of n-hexane, chloroform, methanol and ammonia solution (28) (60:30:10:1) to a distance of about 12 cm, and air-dry the plate. Allow the plate in iodine vapor for 20 minutes: the spots other than the principal spot from the sample solution are not more intense than the spot from the standard solution. Loss on drying <2.41> Not more than 0.5z (1 g, in vacuum, C18H14Cl4N2O.HNO3: 479.14 silica gel, 609C, 3 hours). 1-[(2RS)-2-(2,4-Dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4- Residue on ignition <2.44> Not more than 0.1z (1 g). dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole mononitrate [22832-87-7 ] Assay Weigh accurately about 0.35 g of Miconazole Ni- trate, previously dried, dissolve in 50 mL of acetic acid (100) Miconazole Nitrate, when dried, contains not less by warming, cool, and titrate <2.50> with 0.1 molWL perchlor- than 98.5z of C18H14Cl4N2O.HNO3. ic acid VS (potentiometric titration). Perform a blank deter- mination, and make any necessary correction. Description Miconazole Nitrate occurs as a white crystal- line powder.