March 9, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6333 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS CARMAN SCHOOL FOLLOW low-income fam111es-to know success in certain that-as the night the day-the THROUGH PROGRAM CITED BY school," says Mrs. Merle Holzman, Follow mass mailings are sure to follow. Through coordinator. So every ttme a child U.S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION does well, the teacher, aide or parent assist Most of these mailings concern them ant praises htm. "That's good, Johnnny. You selves with issues which bear directly HON. ROBERT McCLORY sounded out the word just right." And with on the senders' desires. Rights they want the compliment may come a token which protected. Regulations they want OF ILLINOIS the child wlll use later to "buy" a special blocked. Federal interference they want IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES privilege. stopped. Bills they want passed. And, all Thursday, March 9, 1978 Children in kindergarten wear plastic too frequently, handouts they want aprons in which to pocket their tokens. First given or prerogatives they want guaran e Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, I have and second graders each have their own long been a proud and staunch supporter token cup. teed. of the Follow Through program at the Tokens are "earned" during the morning For this reason, I was particularly im Carman Elementary School in Wauke classes which focus on basic skUls. Shortly pressed and moved by the recent flood gan in my 13th Congressional District. before noon, the youngsters get to spend of mail I have receiv~d from citizens them. At that time, the teacher lists on the across this country who support the Just yesterday, a fine feature article on board six activities which they may buy. the Carman Follow Through program fight for decency in America. They are Each, besides being fun, is a learning experi not asking for handouts or for special done by the U.S. Office of Education ence. For example, the choices may be finger reached my desk. It magnificently spells painting (art), reading bingo, math bowling, treatment. They are not asking for out why I have done what I could when popping corn (science), outside play (sports things which benefit only themselves. asked to help keep this program going, manship), and the doll corner (creative play They simply want to see this Nation and why it was cited as one of about 40 and role playing). cleansed of the plague of pornography national Follow Through centers last The more popular the item, the hie:her and immorality which has settled on it. the token price. Usually, it's "outdoors" that I have received more than 2,800 cards year. commands the greatest number of tokens. I commend this Education in Action But sometimes the children prefer to buy and letters urging me-and my col article to my colleagues and I again con time in the classroom. "Reading, writing, and leagues-to act in Congress to see that gratulate the Waukegan School District math actually become exciting for these decency again prevails in America. administrators and those who have so youngsters," Mrs. Holzman says. "Sometimes These fine people do not request Federal creatively administered the Carman they can't walt to continue their work moneys or unnecessary Federal interfer School Follow Through program: even though it's free ttme." ence. Their message is clear and sim By the time the children have reached ple-and therefore all the more moving: What ls Follow Through? Some say- third grade, they have outgrown the token It's following your friends . . . working We are part of the fight for decency. We economy, and it is replaced with contracts. just want the chance to bring up our chll with a pencil ... going to the pumpkin Each morning the third graders sign con farm to pick out a pumpkin . . . having a dren in a moral environment. Stop protect tracts which specify the amount of work they ing pornographers. Let our communities cheese snack when you're hungry ... wait wlll do that day-for instance, 5 pages of ing for the bus to take you to get your teeth and our families decide if the pornography reading, 2 pages of math, 10 spelling words. peddlers can have access to our chtldren and fixeUnited States, which has en~ouraged and brought forth fiow of mi.Utary technology to less-devel at a time when we have announced our spontaneous participation and delightful oped nations, the State Department tes commitment to human rights, will sus relaxation and recreation to their audi tifies of Saudi Arabia's need for 60 F-15 tain the fire of freedom still ablaze in ences throughout three-quarters of a fighters. Despite our traditional and Czechoslovakia. Only the intervention of century. avowed special relationship with Israel, the United States at Belgrade will bring The local's noble purpose in ever seek the three arms sales are lumped together relief to the captive nations. Only the ing fair and reasonable wage scales and in a take-it or leave-it package deal. The pressure of the United States in its nego improved working conditions has administration's e1forts to bring the par tiations with the Soviet Union will ef achieved just recognition of the musi ties together for the first time toward an fect change behind the Iron Curtain. cian's training, personal commitment and hard work which enables the mu Arab-Israeli settlement have been com Mr. Speaker, fellow Members of Con sical artist to bring refreshment, joy and mendable. Yet now we propose a sale that gress, let us stand firm in our commit listening pleasure to our people. serves to potentially disrupt peace nego ment to all people willing to sacrifice for The elected president of the Musical tiations and escalate tension in the Mid the sake of freedom. Let us pledge anew Mutual Protective and Benevolent Union dle East. our support to the people of Czecho The Saudi air base at Tabuk is 125 was Phillip Leve. In 1902, the Union be slovakia.• came affiliated with the American Fed- March 9, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS eration of Musicians who issued a char campaigning next year?"-George Mahon are eliminated, how do you distinguish gooc1 ter to the organization. George Woolley (D., Texas)) procedures from bad? Jon 0. Newman, at was elected president and Dayton Vree The "thing" to which the Chairman of any rate, did not see how you could, and. the House Appropriations Committee was behaving with all the missionary zeal appro land was elected financial secretary. referring on December 7, 1977 was the fed priate for a federal satrap enforcing his Their membership has continued to eral financing of abortions. For almost six masters' wlll on the disenfranchised local flourish under the direction of these and months Congress had struggled over the population, Newman and his colleagues held many other exemplary community lead issue; the House and Senate had repeatedly that Connecticut had a constitutional obli ers and highly reputable citizens, some of confronted each other, both parties had been gation to fund any abortion a woman could whom are mentioned above. Today, we seriously split, and the $60-billion appropri not afford. are proud to boast that they are the 16th ations b1ll for Labor, and Health, Education, The prize example of a federal judge strut largest local in the American Federation and Welfare (to which a ban on abortion ting in swollen rage and imposing his im funding had been tacked) had hung sus perial wm upon a community was afforded of Musicians and their membership is pended. The real stakes, however, were not by Donald Ross of Nebraska. To his Circuit still growing. the amour propre of House or Senate, the Court came the case of the City of St. Louis, Mr. Speaker, it is a privilage and unity of the parties, or even the fate of an which had declined to make its municipal pleasure for me to seek this national rec appropriations act that was certain to be hospitals available for elective abortions. To ognition of our musicians' union and passed eventually anyway. The real stakes Judge Ross this was monstrous defiance. their outstanding contribution to the were 300,000 human lives-the number of Not only was St. Louis behaving unconsti American way of life and the American unborn human beings who, if past practice tutionally, as he read the Constitution. It dream. Their standards of excellence and was a guide, would be aborted this year at was apparently behaving unconstitutionally government expense if federal welfare funds even to presume to litigate the issue. At outstanding service on behalf of our mu were provided for abortions. least with no more evidence than a brief sicians in their pursuit of spreading joy, As of December 7 a weary House and Sen challenging the duty to provide abortions, happiness and recreation to their audi ate risked being responsible for giving Labor Judge Ross characterized the conduct of ences have truly enriched our com and HEW employees a payless Christmas the mayor of St. Louis, John Poelker, as munity, State and Nation. We do indeed unless they managed to come to an agree "wanton" and "callous" and finally as "ob salute local No. 248, American Federation ment. A compromise was put forward which durate." A form of fine was levied by the of Musicians upon the celebration of pleased no one: it restricted abortion fund judge on the mayor, who was ordered to pay ing severely and so was unacceptable to over $3,000 in attorneys' fees incurred by the their 75th diamond jubilee anniversary.• those who thought the federal subsidy other side. The string of epithets and the should be coexistensive with the almost un fine were tangible proof of Donald Ross's bounded constitutional liberty to have an devotion to the abortion liberty. abortion; it contained an exception, "severe For over four years Newman, Ross, anc1 PRO-LIFE BATTLE and lasting physical health damage," which their colleagues on the federal bench went violated the cardinal principle of the foes on educating everyone to think that the of abortion that life not be sacrificed for abortion liberty, unlike every other liberty, HON. ROBERT K. DORNAN less than life. Yet after six months of strug carried with it a right to governmental fund OF CALIFORNIA gle the appropriations bill, it seemed, had to ing. As it turned out, all these imperial IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be passed. The "thing" was disposed of at Judges were wrong. In their zeal for abortion least untU January. thev had outrun their masters. On June 20, Thursday, March 9, 1978 To understand what was going on in Con 1977, in Poelker v. Doe and two companion • Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Speaker, much at gress it is necessary to look at what had cases, the Seoreme Court held that there was been happening in the federal courts since no constitutional obli~ation on the govern tention has been focused on the Hyde 1973, when the Supreme Court created a ment to fund non-therapeutic abortions. amendment and the growing number of radical new liberty of abortion which made Speaking for the majority, Justice Lewis abortions in our country. unconstitutional the criminal law protect Powell even went so far as to grant that the John T. Noonan, Jr. is a professor of ing unborn life in every state of the Union. government could try to make childbirth a law at the University of California at Traditional American liberties-freedom of "more attractive" option than abortion. And Berkeley and the author of the books, religion, of speech, of the press have always quoting Holmes, he put forward a principle "The Morality of Abortion," "The· Ante been thought of as giving each individual which, if It were squarely applied, would lead lope," and "Masks of the Law." He has scope to do as he or she thought right, but the Court to reverse the abortion cases them not to have the state pay for it. No one has selves: stated the key issue L.'"l the Hyde amend supposed that because a rich man can afford "When an issue involves policy choices ment debate: to own a newspaper and a poor man can as sensitive as those implicated by public The real stakes were 300,000 human lives not, the poor man has a constitutional right funding of non-therapeutic abortions, the the number o! unborn human beings who, if to have his purchase of a printing plant appropriate forum for their resolution in a past practice was a guide, would be aborted funded by the public. No one has argued democracy is the legislature. We should not this year at government expense if federal that because the government encourages forget that (as Holmes said 'legislatures are welfare funds were provided !or abortions. some forms of the free press by postage sub ultimate guardians of the liberties and wel sidles to magazines, it has a duty to provide fare of the people in quite as great a degree It is not discrimination against the subsidies to those who want to communi as the courts.' " poor because they are not being offered cate in another fashion. But almost every What denial of the chance to play platonic free abortions by the Federal Govern lower federal court which considered the guardian meant to the pro-abortion judges ment. They-the poor-are not being abortion liberty in the light of the abortion may be gauged by the passion of the three denied equal protection by denying them cases (Roe and Doe) found that the govern dissenters. Thurgood Marshall was the most free abortions. Certainly, all things ment must fund its exercise. excited. The opponents of abortion, he an which are legal are not provided by the Around the country-in Connecticut, nounced, "have attempted every imaginable Minnesota. Missouri, New York, Pennsyl means to circumvent the commands of the state. There are better things, we can vania. South Dakota, Utah-federal judges Constitution and impose their moral choices do for the poor than to use Federal funds commanded whole communities to discard upon the rest of society." The phrase "cir to pay for the destruction of their un their own rules or laws and to supply or fund cumvent the commands of the Constitution" born. abortions for those unable to pay for them. was wonderfully alliterative. It must have Professor Noonan has written a per Outstanding in its naked stat.ement of the flowed easily from the pen of the Justice; ceptive article on the legal background federal judiciary's understanding of what but what did it refer to? It referred to the of the abortion/pro-life controversy was involved was the opinion of Jon 0. New right to abort, invented in 1973 by seven which appeared in the March 3, 1978, man. the federal district judge in Hart.ford: members of the Supreme Court. Any attempt "'The view that abortion and childbirth, to narrow, palliate, or treat as less than abso issue of National Review. He raises a when stripped of the sensitive moral argu lute that right was what Justice Marshall number of interesting points about the ments surrounding the abortion controversy, viewed as "circumventing the commands of key issues in this debate. I urge my col are simply two alternative medical methods the Constitution." leagues to read "Abortion: New Phase of dealing with pregnancy may be gleaned In this spirit he continued: "The present in the Battle" which I ask be reprintec:l from the various opinions in Roe and Doe." cases involve the most vicious attacks yet in the RECORD at this point: Of course this view may be gleaned from devised." Elective abortion had been crimi ABORTION: NEW PHASE IN THE BATTLE Roe and Doe, although it is a bit like say nal everywhere in the United States until ing, "Stock fraud and speculation tn stocks. January 22, 1973. No state or municipality (By John T. Noonan, Jr.) when stripped of the sensitive moral arru had ever permitted such a practice, much ("Is it not delightful to contemplate that ments surrounding them. are simply two less paid for it. But when a state or city had we might dispose o! this thing and not have alternative financla.l methods of dealing in failed to do a flip-flop and treat as desirable to confront it month after month as we go the stock market." When moral sensitivities what yesterday was criminal, it was said to 6336 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 9, 1978 have engaged in "the most viclous attacks the old pro-abortion majority had crumbled Republicans such as Wllliam Cohen of Maine yet devised." The intemperateness of Justice was clear and understandable enough. He and Democrats such as Elizabeth Holtzman Marshall could scarcely be excelled. let fly a little invective at the Court: what of New York. The leaders opposing funding But he did excel himself. Among the evils it had accomplished was "punitive and were the Republican Hyde himself and a he pictured as flowing from the dental of free tragic." But his strongest words were reserved Democrat, Daniel Flood of Pennsylvania. abortions was the birth of poor children who for those who were not before him, but who Not only were the parties split, so were the "wlll sadly attend second-rate segregated had plainly struck a raw nerve: he sneered intraparty factions and the geographic re schools." His implied remedy for this mis at public o1fic1als bowing to "the demon gions. In general, "coast" senators, whether fortune was a unique, novel, and terrible strated wrath and noise of the abortion op East Coast or West Coast, were against the contribution to the law on school desegre ponents." These were strong words for a jus Hyde amendment. But there were notabl\' gation. Dare one follow his logic and put it tice of the Supreme Court, entering the po exceptions: Hatfield of Oregon, Durkin of in words? He said, No free abortions, then Utlcalllsts and taunting thol$e who had chal New Hampshire, Biden of Delaware. In gen segregated, second-rate schools. He implied, lenged· his imaginative Interpretation of the eral, the Middle West was pro-amendment, as Free abortions, then no segregated, second Constitution. He made no acknowledgment were Eagleton and Proxmlre, but Percy and rate schools. And why would there be no of the fact that public officials, like judges, Stevenson of Illinois were antl. Newly elected such schools? Because their potential pupils ocoaslonally act from reason and conscience. Republicans like Danforth and Lugar were would be dead. Unlike Justice Marshall, moreover Justice pro-amendment, but Hayakawa was opposed. The impassioned and naive tone of Mar Blackmun not . only pictured political lead A number of senators must be assumed to shall's dissent continued to Its very end, ers as cowering, but took offense at their have voted their consciences, rather than where he indulged in wild fantasy as to the running for o1fice on anti-abortion platforms. the will of their constituencies. Oregon pro forces he was opposing. Public o1ficials, he Mayor Poelker was "one whom the record duced Packwood and Hatfield: at opposite declared, were under pressure by "well shows campaigned on the Issue of closing poles, one of them must have been exercising financed and carefully orchestrated lobbying public hospitals to non-therapeutic abor rare independence. Massachusetts produced campaigns" to restrict abortion further. His tions." The majority of voters who elected Kennedy and Brooke: on the same side, they imagery was enough to draw a smile from him were described, strangely, as a "pre took a stance quite different from legislators anyone famutar with the citizens struggling sumed majority." The majority was declared far closer to the grassroots in the Massachu to restrict the Uberty of abortion to its 1973 to have acted "punitively." "This," Justice setts legisLature, which was mllltantly op level. I! they had a twentieth of the resources Blackmun declared with hauteur, "is not posed to abortion funding. Similarly, Ribi of Planned Parenthood of America, or of the kind of thing for which our Constitution coff and Weicker, anti-amendment, did not the American Civil Liberties Union, or of the stands." reflect Connecticut opinion. Congressman New York Times, it would come as a great The most consistent notes in the three Hyde was no doubt more representative of surprise to those working to eliminate Roe dissents were their distrust of democracy, sentiment in Illinois than the two Illlnola and Doe as the law of the land. their sense that 1f the people as a whole had senators who opposed his bill. Such dispari Justice Marshall concluded with a refer a voice their cause would lose, and their con ties between popular opinion and senatorial ence to elected leaders who "cower before viction that the consciences of the abortion conduct reflect the time lag, which tenure in public pressures." He was referring to Con seekers alone were to be respected. That the Senate assures, before the Senate fully necticut, where Ella Grasso ran on a plat members of the majority had consciences, responds to community demands. form favoring a constitutional amendment too, escaped them. The battle ended in unsatisfactory com eliminating Roe and Doe and to St. Louts Congress in 1976 had passed a rider to the promise; but, on the basis of what happened, where Mayor Poelker was elected on a pledge Labor-HEW Appropriations Act banning the three polltical conclusions may be drawn: to stop optional abortions in the municipal use of welfare funds for abortions other than First. There now exists skllled and pro hospital. Ella Gasso and John Poelker were, those necessary to save the mother's life. fessional political leaders for the anti perhaps, the first public o1ficials ever to be Named for its author, Representative Henry abortion cause in the Congress. They include described as "cowering" for living up to their Hyde (R., Ill.), the rider had passed easily, campaign promises. Schweiker, Helms, Flood, and the author of with a number of senators no doubt voting the lifesaving amendment, Henry Hyde. Wllliam Brennan, also dissenting, was only for it in the belief that the courts would a modicum more restrained than his brother knock it out as unconstitutional. A single Second. There now exists an effective coali Marshall. He cited as controlling precedent federal judge in Brooklyn, John Dooling, had tion against abortion in the House. Although a case that addressed merely the procedural promptly fulfilled these expectations. He en on the last roll call, with the House leader question of the plaintiff's standing to com joined enforcement of the rider. Article I of ship going all out to enact the $60-bllllon plain-a gross confusion of procedural and the Constitution has generally been under blll before Christmas, a few members shifted substantive law for which he was duly taken stood to give to Congress alone the power of to produce the compromise, there was ba to task by Justice Powell writing for the appropriating money from the Treasury, but sically a pro-Hyde majority. Those who majority. He cited as sound law Jon o. New this single federal judge, ordering the United stayed with the amendment through thick man's amoral account of the nature of abor States to pay for abortions, made his own and thin are a bloc large enough and com tion and added to it: "Pregnancy is unques appropriation from the Treasury. He was in mitted enough to have a major say in any tionably a condition requiring medical serv hibited by nothing until Poelker v. Doe sent legislation touching on abortion. Behind ices.... Treatment for the condition may him a new signal. Suddenly the Hyde amend them is a constituency spread throughout involve medical procedures for Its termina ment appeared constitutional. Judge Dool the nation, transcending any party, any re tion, or medical procedures to bring the preg ing allowed it to go into effect in the closing ligious grouping, any sectional bias, a con nancy to term, resulting in a live birth." days of the voting on the 1976 appropriations. stituency which is a majority of Americans. Was this so far from writing, "Life Is un Attached to a law which expired in Sep That constituency represents power. It is a questionably a condition requiring medical tember, the Hyde amendment, to have con power which can be exercised. services • • • Treatment for the condition tinuing effect, had to be reenacted for 1977 Third. The abortion issue has come to stay. may involve medical procedures for its ter appropriations. On June 17, 1977 the House It has shredded party, regional, factional mination or its continued support"? passed it, attached to the Labor-HEW ap lines. It is not what any politician would The most striking feature of this dissent propriations bill. The vote was 201 to 155, a have wanted. But it is an issue which 1s so was its apparently deliberate Ignoring of the solid margin. Twelve days later the Senate divisive, whose roots are so deep, that it will rationale of the opinion of the majority jus defeated, 55 to 39, Senator Schwelker's at not go away untll it is faced and cleanly tifying a state's preference for encouraging tempt to salvage it, a solid margin the other grappled with. The issue which Congress childbirth. Why has s. state an interest In way. From that date to December 7, the man Mahon wished himself rid of centers on not funding abortions? Justice Brennan House and Senate failed to agree on language, the deliberate taking of human life. His col asked. Is it to save money? No, because 1! an and the appropriations blll languished. leagues wlll not be able to go campaigning in abortion is not had, it wlll cause an "in The Republican leadership tended to be for 1978 with "the thing" disposed of.e creased welfare b111 incurred to support the the Hyde amendment, the Democratic lead mother and child." Is it the mother's health? ership against. John Brademas, the Majority Justice Brennan answered negatively here, Whip in the House, steadily opposed it, and too. But he never mentioned the reason Jus Robert Byrd, the Majority Leader, voted SMALL TOWN SAFE DRINKING tice Powell had given-"the potential life of against it. John Rhodes, the Minority Leader WATER ASSISTANCE ACT the· fetus." The life of the unborn child, in the House, and Robert Griffin, who pre which was at least potential life to Justice ceded Howard Baker as Minority Leader in Powell, remained invisible to Justice Bren the Senate, were pro-Hyde. nan. HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON In the Senate, the opposition to the OF U.LINCIIS The shortest and comparatively most re amendment was led by the Republican Ed strained dissent was that of the author of ward Brooke, ably seconded by the Democrat IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Roe and Doe, Justice Blackmun. In his view, Warren Magnuson. The amendment's cham Thursday, March 9, 1978 the Court was letting the states accomnllsh pions were Richard Schwelker, Ronald Rea indirectly what he had sai<1 they could not gan's designated running-mate, and Jesse e Mr. ANDERSON of Tilinois. Mr. do directly, that is, restrict the right to abort. Helms, the Republican from North Carolina. Speaker. today I am reintroducing the He exaggerated, of course; but his $ense that In the House, the amendment was opposed by Small Town Safe Drinking Water As- March 9, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6337 sistance Act with a bipartisan group of Reverend Cummings has made many infection. . . . [Hearing before the Sub 27 cosponsors. This bill would provide valuable contributions to the St. Louis mittee on Monopoly of the Select Commit community. He served 6 years on the St. tee on Small Business, Washington, D.C., $100 million in Federal grants over 3 December 5, 1972] years to assist small communities in im Louis Board of Education, presiding for ( ... the uncertainty, under which we plementing the new safe drinking water the year of 1975. He served on the East stlll remain, in regard to the virtue of the regulations being promulgated by EPA. West Gateway Coordinating Council waters of Bath. Few medicines have been Towns which cannot otherwise obtain from 196~ to 1973. Reverend Cummings more repeatedly tried under the inspection financial assistance for construction or has worked closely with the youth of our of such numerous and able judges; and yet modification of their drinking water sys city and has been a constant source of we have had in the present age a dispute tem would be eligible for grants up to 75 inspiration and guidance for them. between those who by their experience and percent of their total costs. While EPA is sagacity were best qualified to decide this Included among the numerous awards question, in which one side asserted that now focusing its etforts on larger com anci honors Reverend Cummings has re paralytic patients were cured, and the other munities, the burden will soon fall on ceived are the Indianapolis Alpha "Man that they were killed, by the use of these smaller towns to bring their drinking of the Year" in 1960; Crispus Attucks waters. Such contrary decisions, so disreput water system into conformity with the High School "Hall of Fame" in 1962; able to phyisicians, and so perplexing to the new standards. And while the larger named Indiana "Mason of the Year" in sick, could never have happened after so towns and cities will be able to absorb 1..~65; Lane College "Certificate of long a trial, if a very small part of those, the additional costs of meeting these Merit"-1967; Sigma Gamma Rho Re whose practice had afforded them frequent standards with little difiiculty, a dis opportunities of observing the effects of Bath ligious Community Award-1970; Who's waters, had told the public what in their proportionate burden will fall on the Who in Black America; Homer G. Phil judgment was to be hoped or feared from smaller towns with fewer users to absorb lips Chaplaincy Award-1977; Distin them. It is probable that in some cases it the costs of expensive new equipment guished Public Service Award by the would have been almost unanimously deter and treatment techniques. Culinary Art Club in 1977; and the St. mined they do good: in others, that they do Mr. Speaker, under the Safe Drinking Louis Argus Newspaper Distinguished not harm, though it might be doubtful Water Amendments of 1976 we mandated Public Service Award-1977. whether they be of much use: in a third sort EPA to study the problems of implement Additionally, Rev. Cummings is a 33d they would be generally condemned: and in ing these standards, with special atten degree Mason and holds a life member a fourth class of disease, some might judge tion to the problems small towns will ship in the NAACP. them to be beneficial, and others detri It mental. [William Heberden, Commentaries have in financing changes. is my hope I am pleased to nave this opportunity on the History and Cure of Diseases, 1802] that the approach I am offering today to honor my good friend and one of the (A century ago the Swiss historian Burck will be seen as a limited yet necessary St. Louis ministers of distinction.• hardt fore"aw that ours would be the age means of meeting the special needs of of the great simplifiers, and that the es our small towns. sence of tyranny was the denial of com At this point I include a list of the plexity.... It is the great corruptor, and cosponsors of my bill: MEDICAL FREEDOM OF CHOICE must be resisted with purpose and with COSPONSORS energy. [Daniel Moynihan, farewell speech to the president's cabinet, 1970]) Mr. Anderson of Tilinois (for himself and HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS It is not surprising that experts disagree. Mr. Bedell, Mr. Bellenson, Mr. Bevlll, Mr. OF mAHO We are accustomed, in almost every walk Blouin, Mr. Bowen, Mr. Brown of Ohio, Mr. of life, to hear amazingly discrepant opin Cohen, Mr. Corcoran, Mr. Ertel, Mr. Fisher, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ions and recommendations. Every week we Mr. Fithian, Mr. Goodling, Mr. Guyer. Thursday, March 9, 1978 read in our newspapers that the recession Mr. Hughes, Mr. Jeffords, Mr. Johnson of is over and that it is not. Economists pro Colo., Mr. Krueger, Mr. La Falce, Mrs. Lloyd, • Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, the follow vide little comfort for the average citizen Mr. Lott, Mr. Mitchell of N.Y., Mr. Murphy of ing article examines the result of a sur when they make diametrically opposite judg Pa., Mr. Perkins, Mr. Roe, Mr. Skelton, and vey which gathered the views of anum ments about why the world faces fiscal chaos. Mr. Stangeland) ·• ber of experts in various medical fields. The news media also carry abundant evi The article helps to exploit the myth of dence of such disagreement among experts a consensus. As I read the article, I was in the field of science and medicine. We are mindful that yesterday's medical ortho told that saccharine and cyclamates are REV. JAMES. L. CUMNITNGS carcinogenic and that they are not (and the doxy often becomes today's old wives' government bars the latter but not the tale. For that reason, I question a gov former); that we are an overmedicated so HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY ernmental drug regulatory system which ciety and that we are undermedicated; that OF MISSOURI attempts to find a consensus-when in U.S. medical care is unexcelled and that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fact none may exist-and enshrines that it is seriously defective when compared with artificial consensus in regulations and other, less a.fll.uent nations; that research Thursday, March 9, 1978 laws. and training support is seriously inadequate and that it is excessive; that physicians are • Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, St. Louis is In the interests of promoting medical generally hard working and competent and proud of the high caliber of ministers in progress and individual patients' self that they are greedy, unfeeling, irrespon whose care her spiritual well-being is determination, I suggest that we heed sible, and therapeutically Cro-Magnon in placed. the conclusions reached by the author orientation. One such shining star in our lives is of the article. The article is entitled Two editions of a fascinating book, Con the Reverend James L. Cummings, pastor "Consensus Among Experts: The Un troversy in Internal Metttctne, have been of the Lane Tabernacle CME Church. holy Grail," and it appeared in the sum bullt around the ea.se with which experts We have been blessed with the pres mer 1976 issue of Perspective in Biology can be found to debate the pros and cons ence of Reverend Cummings since 1966 and Medicine, published by the Univer of a series of vital issues in the diagnosis and when he came to us from the Trinity sity of Chicago. treatment o! some of our most common and important ailments. The Food and Drug Ad CME Church in Indianapolis, Ind. The article follows: ministration (FDA) is taken to court simul As noted in Ebony magazine in 1959, CONSENSUS AMONG EXPERTS: THE UNHOLY taneously for being too lax and too strict he was the first black minister in Amer GRAIL in its regulation of drug usage. The list of ica to·. initiate dial-a-prayer in church. (Mr. GoRDON. I felt a cold coming on some examples is almost endless. This is the quality of leadership Rev time ago and I dosed myself with a lot of Let us, then, grant the existence of the erend Cummings has exhibited with con vitamin C, but it did not stop the cold from phenomenon: experts not only can disagree, sistency since becoming one of St. Louis' coming. I must confess, however, that after they can be expectett . to disagree. So what? distinguished leaders. I got the cold, I took some of my wife's The answer to that question is the reason His other contributions to the religious chicken soup. It did a much better job than for this essay. It is my purpose first to docu the vitamin C. ment, in data !rom an actual survey, the community include membership on the (Dr. KATZ. Well, there is no question, Mr. extraordinary extent of disagreement about board of the National Council of Gordon, that hot chicken soup is very good. a number of therapeutic agents and then to Churches of Christ. Additionally, he Hot drinks of any sort, hot tea, hot cocoa. discuss the implications of the data. It is, served as the chairman of the nominat hot chocolate, hot milk, hot toddy, anything !urther, my contention that there are in ing committee for this group. hot 1s of great value in upper respiratory creasing tendencies in our society to regu- 6338 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 9, 1978
late the practice of medicine as if "the ex agitation, or as a placebo, or by any patients CHLOROMYCETIN (CHLORAMPHENICOL) perts" were often unanimous in their rec with hypertension or epilepsy (except to re Enormous publicity has been given to this ommendations and as if disagreement either lieve drug-induced sedation) was strongly antibiotic's capabllity of inducing (very did not exist or was trivial in extent and disapproved. rarely, to be sure) fatal aplastic anemia, consequences. It w111, finally, be argued that As might be expected, however, this "con and for many years now the PDR and the the practice of medicine and its regulation sensus" masks certain intergroup differences. drug's package insert and advertising have call not for dogma and authoritarian strait The internists, for example, were uncertain carried dramatic warnings. In contrast to jackets but fl>r a falllbllistic and pluralistic about Ritalin's use in hyperkinetic children the two products discussed above, some approach which is consonant with the real (presumably because of lack of knowledge amazing unanimity was seen on at least world. about, and experience with, this syndrome), some of the items on the questionnaire for THE EXPERT JUDGMENTS 1 whereas the mean score for the clinical phar this drug. The investigation that follows was con macologistss was halfway between "uncer There was, for example, unanimous dis ducted several years ago, to sollcit and com tain" and "mild approval," and the psychia approval among the 15 infectious-disease pare the opinions of a group of physicians trists' mean was halfway between "mild" experts, internists, and clinical pharmacolo about some commonly used, well-known, and and "strong" approval. Regarding use of the gists of the drug's use for sore throats, colds, somewhat controversial drugs: Ritalln drug for "fatigue" or by arthritis, the psy and influenzas and for chemoprophylaxis. (methylphenidate), Equagesic (a fixed-ratio chiatrists' mean reflected uncertainty, All but one of the 15 strongly endorsed the combination of aspirin, ethoheptazine, and whereas the other two groups' means were drug's use to treat typhoid fever or severe meprobamate), injectable B-12, Chloromy "mildly disapproving." infections resistant to other antibiotics but cetin (chloramphenicol), and oral contra The psychiatrists' mean score showed the susceptible to chloramphenicol. ceptives. For all except the last, the ques strongest disapproval of Ritalin's use in Using the entire group's mean scores as a tionnaires supplled both the trade and ge epilepsy and severe drepression, while the basis for judgment, the survey ellcited mlld neric names. (By error, the aspirin ingredi clinical pharmacologists were the most disapproval of the use of chloramphenicol in ent was omitted from the questionnaires for strongly disapproving group in regard to cystic fibrosis regimens and in treatment Equagesic. Only one of the cooperating phy Ritalin's use by glaucomatous individuals of Salmonella gastronenteritis and "uncer sicians pointed this out to me; whether oth and by pregnant and lactating women. In re tainty" about its use for Hemophilus in ers spotted the omission is an interesting gard to hypertensive patients, the psychia fluenzae meningitis in infants, meningitis question to which I have no answer.) trists' mean indicated less strong disapproval due to gram-negative organisms. lympho For all the medicaments covered, there than did the other two. granuloma venereum, psittacosis and rickett were certain reviewers in common-five na So much for the mean scores. Taking the sial infections, and for ellmination of the tionally eminent clinical pharmacologists individual responses, however, there is even typhoid-carrier state. and five internists in practice in Baltimore more disagreement, whether one considers A look at the mean scores for the specialist the individuals within a speci-alty subgroup who ha.~aca
The President made much of the support like you to look very closely to the postage tures for the years 1973 through 1976 were for the treaties by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. affixed thereto. Of the 32 pieces I received, as follows: Well, our mmtary is under civ111an control. 9 are Bulk Rate (at 7.9 cents), 20 are Non [In millions of dollars! The President is Commander-in-Chief. The profit (at 2¥2 cents) and 3 were first class m111tary must accept his policy decisions or (at 13 cents). 1973 1974 1975 1976 resign. It is significant that more than 300 Twenty-nine pieces of mail that pay less former top-ranking generals and admirals, than 13 cents for delivery. now retired and free to speak their minds, U.S. petroleum operations: If we assume 29 pieces arriving per month 67.7 91.0 118.0 116.1 a.r~ strongly opposed to ratification of the s.t the rates outlined above, then the reve ~:g~~~~~~o~~~~~:es ___ -lease- treaties, while only seven are in favor. bonuses. ______384. 4 nue lost to the Post Office for my residence 479.1 13.1 147.3 Many distinguished veterans of the m111- per month is $2.559 or $30.708 per year. Other~------113.6 140.5 209.3 231.4 tary and the diplomatic service have ex TotaL ______529.7 pressed their concern that our friends and If we assume the population of the United 710. 6 340.4 494.8 States to be approximately 220 million and a.lUes worldwide would see our giving up the Foreign petroleum operations: Canal as another indication of American if we also assume that there are 3.5 persons Exploration expenses______80.3 98.7 124.8 91.4 weakness; a. retreat from the free world lead per household, then there are approximately Producing______97. 3 132.8 243.6 188.0 62,857,000 ership which is our responsibility. Can we households. TotaL ______177.6 231.5 368.4 279.4 afford this in toda.y's world? If the average household receives 29 pieces In making a. case against ratification of of unsolicited mail per month that results Total worldwide capital and these treaties as they have been proposed, in a. loss of $2.559 per month (of $30.708 per exploration outlays for I want to make one thing clear before my year) in postage revenue, then approxi petroleum operations _____ 707.3 942.1 708.8 774.2 time is up. I believe these treaties contain mately $1,930,200,000 is lost in revenue to fatal fia.ws---especia.lly the Panama. Canal the Post Office yearly by not charging these tlncludes development drilling, offshore platforms, equip treaty which would eliminate our basic right users first class rates. ment and construction for improved recovery, gas processing plants, and capital equipment including gathenng lines. to operate, maintain and defend the Canal. In summary, I don't appreciate sending Ratification of the proposed treaties would cards and letters at first class rates of 13 As you wlll see from the above table, your not be in our national interest. cents per letter, yet hear pitiful cries of re own statement gives only a. fraction of Mo There are some features of the proposed duced service and higher first class rates bil's total expenditure for exploration and Panama. Canal treaty which have merit. It from Post Office officials when the major producing operations within the United would permit us to embark on the Third Lock mail users pay a great deal less. States and overseas. Not only do we conduct modernization program. This would take I suggest that Congress ought to insist "exploration" but we pay tremendous sums about 10 years and one to two billion dollars that the Post Office "tap" the lost revenue in lease bonuses to the U.S. government just to complete. Its construction could directly outlined above before considering other for the privilege of looking (and no gua.ran-· benefit the people and economy of Panama. foolishness. Perhaps if mail solicitors had to tee of finding anything). Once we find oil in and, once completed, the Canal would be go first class they would be more selective in commercial quantities, we must still pay out able to handle all but a. few of the world's their ma111ngs ... which wouldn't bother huge sums for further drilling, for offshore largest ships. me at all. platforms if the wells are in deep water, and Isn't it time for us to take a. collective deep for all kinds of other equipment. And a.s breath? To realize that our negotiators took I would like to hear your views on these the search for oil has moved increasingly a. wrong turn some months ago, but that the points. into the new frontier areas-Alaska. and the mistakes can be corrected? Very truly yours, Outer Continental Shelf--expenditures have We do not have to plunge into a. series of DAVID D. LAMM .• skyrocketed. fresh mistakes; to replace a. workable, sen We have spent more than $3 billion in sible and time-tested system with a. bundle 1973-76, rather than the $725 million you of uncertainties. credit us with, for these operations. We Greatness may be measured in many ways. MOBIL OIL'S RESPONSE TO CON would, indeed, have spent more if Federal Carrying out our responsib111ties as a. nation GRESSMAN HANLEY'S CRITICISM lease sales had not been delayed (and our is one of them. Being the middle point-the future spending would be severely restricted vital center--of the free world is not an easy OF ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN 1! the proposed OCS legislation goes respon.~ib111ty. We have shown in recent years through.) From these considerations, I think that we can get very weary of shouldering our you wlll agree that Mobil has nothing to burdens. But, if not us, then who? The Pan HON. JAMES M. HANLEY apologize for when it comes to making ama. canalis vital to the free world and that OF NEW YORK maximum efforts to find oil and gas for the American consumer. In this connection, I world de!)ends on us. It is part of our ren IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dezvous with destinv. We must not shrink would like to make two points: from it, for the ultimate price we pay may Thursday, March 9, 1978 One, oil companies should not be blamed one day be our own freedom. for spending more or less on foreign as Thank you ... and good n1ght.e • Mr. HANLEY. Mr. Speaker, on Octo against domestic exploration in any given ber 20, 1977 I addressed this body con year. International oil companies look for oil cerning certain aspects of Mobil Oil wherever they have the opportunity. And, Corp.'s advertising campaign and the while the United States is dependent on corporation's acquisition of Continental foreign oil, the U.S. consumer benefits from JUNK MAIL foreign exploration as the supply and variety Can Co. and Montgomery Ward Co. of source of foreign oil expand. using windfall profits garnered from the Second, exploration and producing of oil HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR. Arab oil embargo of 1973. Since that in the United States is limited by price con OF INDIANA time Mobil has responded to my remarks trols, by a maze of red tape, a.nd by law and in the interest of preserving debate suits and other delays which present us from IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVEf' on this issue I am inserting a copy of developing new reserves. In addition, Con Thursday, March 9, 1978 Mobil's remarks. This in no way implies gress is constantly threatening to break up the oil industry or otherwise penalize it. Is e Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, I take my acceptance of their position. there any wonder that companies seek to pride in the fact that David D. Lamm is MOBIL OIL CORP. diversify their operations? To do otherwise, a constituent of mine whose concise New York. N .Y., November 3, 1977. I suggest, would be to neglect the legitimate writing is so persuasive. Hon. JAMES M. HANLEY, interests of our stockholders, without whose The letter follows: U.S. House of Representatives, money and trust we would be unable to Washington, D.C. carry on our petroleum operations. INDIANAPOLIS, IND., DEAR CONGRESSMAN HANLEY: We were Let me make some other comments on your February 19,1978. Rep. ANDREW JACOB, Jr. dee!JlY concerned to read your remarks en statement, going through it in order. titled "Distortions in Mobil 011 Corp. Ad Mobil's "new advertising campaign" is not House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. vertising Campaign" in the October 20 designed "to enhance the media image Mobil DEAR Sm: Attached you will find a. repre Congressional Record. Your comments on has been pursuing since the Arab oil em sentative sample of 32 pieces of mail (which several issues are seriously misleading and bargo." Our concern was to make it clear to in some circles has been labeled "junk") we would like to set the record straight. the American public that the House-passed that was delivered to my residence during Your central criticism of Mobil is that energy bill contained serious deficiencies-a the month of January 1978. One month. Mobil spent less on "exploration" in 1973- fact since recognized by the Senate. Inciden Thirty-two pieces of unsolicited paper. 76 than on acquisition of Ma.rcor, and you tally, we began to take advertising space to My purpose in writing is not to get into draw conclusions that "Mobil's hypocrisy is explain the energy facts to the American an esoteric discussion of what is or is not transparent" etc. In reply, I suggest we people long before the Arab embargo. junk. Nor am I contesting the good inten review the figures. The House-passed version of the energy blll tions of the sending organization. I would Mobil's capital and exploration expend!- will not, a.s you state, give the oil industry March 9, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6345 "substantial additional revenues", 1! by this abortion in the morning-but first degree orrhage, infertility, or emotional distress can you mean funds adequate to do the job. The murder for that doctor to kill the same in follow abortion. petroleum production goals on which the fant by strangulation 13 hours later when If Mayor John Ballard signs the ordinance, House b111 is based would require a substan she has survived the abortion· and is alive efforts wlll almost certainly be made to tial increase in capital investment for ex in a hospital nursery? overturn it, as the American Civil Liberties ploration and development. Over the three Is it legal for a city to pass an ordinance Union, the National Organization for Women, years, 1973-75, oil companies' annual expend requiring that women who want an abortion and Akron's abortion clinics have already itures for exploration and development in the must be informed about the development of promised. U.S. averaged about $10 billion. By way of their unborn child and of possible maternal For even those who support abortion don't comparison, oil companies would have to consequences of the procedure? want to face up to what it really involves, spend· an estimated average of $23.3 b1llion Both of these nasty current controversies what it does to unborn human beings. When per year (in 1976 dollars) between 1977 and point up two facts about abortion: (1) It's we do have to see it, as allegedly in the West 1982 in order to meet the 1985 production still far from being settled as a legal and minster newborn nursery, then we have to goals for oil and natural gas implicit in the moral issue in our society; And (2) even call it murder.e House-passed omnibus energy bill. This aver abortion supporters are exceedingly reluctant age spending level would be more than double to face up to precisely what occurs in "ter the petroleum industry's 1973-1975 average minating a pregnancy." for exploration and development and 94 per The first controversy centers on the cur THE BEST HOPE FOR MOVING OUT cent higher than 1976's $12 billion. Yet the rent murder trial of Dr. W111iam B. Wadd111 STAGFLATION House-passed bill could actually have the in Superior Coul't in Orange County, Cal. An effect of reducing the amount of capital cur obstetrician-gynecologist, Dr. Wadd111 is ac rently available to oil companies. cused of strangling a 2 Y:z pound baby girl As for natural gas, the House decision to born alive to the 18 year old daughter of a HON. WILLIAM M. BRODHEAD extend Federal controls to intrastate markets, local high school principal following a sa OF MICHIGAN which up to now have been free not only of line abbrtion in Westminister Community IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES controls but of serious shortages, would re Hospital on March 2, 1977. sult in a net decrease in funds available for A nurse assisting the mother found the in Thursday, March 9, 1978 exploration and development, according to a fant alive, breathing, moving, and making e Mr. BRODHEAD. Mr. Speaker, the study for the industry's Natural Gas Supply weak cries and took her to the newborn Committee. The House's proposed control nursery. There, JoAnne Griffith, a nurse ex House is today considering the Hum price of $1.75 Me! would therefore have the perienced in neonatal intensive care, began phrey-Hawkins Full Employment and effect of increasing the need for imports of giving the infant oxygen and attempted to Balanced Growth Act. I am one of the foreign crude oil and of natural gas in llque speed up her heartbeat. original cosponsors of this landmark fied form, both at much higher prices. Another nurse telephoned Dr. Waddill who, legislation, which calls for concerted Fed Your comments on coal suggest that Mo according to testimony, ordered the hospital eral action to insure useful employment bil is unw1lling to do its part in restoring staff not to do a goddam thing. Just leave opportunities for every American. the environment after strip-mining opera the baby the hell alone" We pay a high price for unemploy tions. This is emphatically not the case. When Dr. Waddill arrived at the hospital, But we were concerned that legislation could according to witnesses, he ordered all !lit ment-in lost production, in lost tax result in cancellation of our permit process tempts at helping the baby stopped and in revenues, in unemployment insurance, in ing and force us to reapply under a new sisted he be left alone with the infant. welfare payments, and in social prob permit system. Even more significant, we At about that time, Dr. Ronald J. Cornel lems which a1Hict our society. Perhaps the were and are concerned about the myriad of sen, a pediatrician, telephoned the nursery greatest cost, however, is the loss to hu permits which must be obtained, and the to check on another infant and was asked man dignity which results when people lengthy procedures involved in satisfying by Dr. Waddill for help with a premie having cannot support themselves. There are to state, local and federal requirements, all of difficulty breathing. day millions of Americans who are out which delay the start of actual mining. Dr. Cornelsen checked the baby's heart rate A final comment. On rereading your letter, and respiration. Then, he has testified, he of work through no fault of their own. I was struck by your use of highly emo saw Dr. Waddill make four separate at It is time we take bold action to address tional terms-"highway robbery", of such tempts to choke off the baby's breathing, this problem. terms contributes to the national debate on pressing down so hard on the infant's throat On March 6, 1978, the New York Times energy. I hope we can get away from such her head and chest came up in a "v" posi published two letters to the editor on the terms, get rid of prejudices, and look at tion. Humphrey-Hawkins bill that I believe facts-all the facts. If we do this, we have Dr. Cornelsen has also testified that he clearly and concisely point out the pur a chance together to get this country on heard Dr. Waddill say, "I can't find the god the road to a sounder national energy damn trachea [windpipe)" and that when poses and goals of this legislation. One position. the baby continued to breathe, Dr. Waddill of these letters was written by my dis I am enclosing copies of Mobil's 1976 An suggested poisoning her with an injection tinguished colleague, Congressman nual Report and Financial and Operating of potassium chloride or filling a sink or RICHARD BOLLING, who is the chairman statistics. I hope you wm agree that this bucket with water and drowning her. of the Joint Economic Committee. I com letter should be placed in the Congressionl He managed to dissuade Dr. Waddill from mend his remarks to the attention of my Record to set that record straight on this either of these actions, pointing out they colleagues: important issue. would be detected at autopsy, Dr. Comelsen Sincerely, said. LETTERS; ON HUMPHREY-HAWKINS-THE BEST HERBERT ScHMERTZ .• After agonizing for several days, Dr. Cor HOPE FOR MOVING OUT OF STAGFLATION nelsen contacted police in Westminister, a To the Editor: Los Angeles suburb. Dr. Waddill's trial has I must take exception to your editorial WHY THE ABORTION ISSUE WILL been underway since late January and de which labeled the Humphrey-Hawkins Full NOT GO AWAY fense testimony is expected to last until mid Employment Act "a cruel hoax" (Feb. 21]. March. According to pathologist's testimony, The act would expand and strengthen the the baby was between 29 and 31 weeks in Employment Act of 1946, which provided a HON. GEORGE M. O'BRIEN gestational age, llved between about 30 and usefull framework for developing and coordi OF ILLINOIS 60 minutes, had obvious bruises on her neck, nating, in the legislative context, a program showed little of the horrendous internal and to promote full employment and growth. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES skin damage typical in saline abortions, and That act has provided the nation with a Thursday, March 9, 1978 died from lack of oxygen. charter for the practice of constructive po In addition to criminal charges, Dr. Wa.d litical economy for the past 31 years. • Mr. O'BRIEN. Mr. Speaker, the fol dill also faces a suit for $17 million just filed The essential feature of the Humphrey lowing column from the Chicago Trib by the dead infant's mother. Among other Hawkins B111 is to strengthen and develop une, March 6, 1978, by Joan Beck entitled charges, she claims she did not give informed the processes for promoting the objectives "Even Backer of Abortion Hates to See consent to the abortion because she was not of the Employment Act. It is made necessary Its Reality," clearly illustrates the prob told about the possib11lty of giving birth to by the great increase in the complexity and lem this Congress and the Nation as a a living child. international interdependence of the United whole will face: Ironically, whether mothers must be States economy. We can no longer rely on warned of this possib111ty is part of an ab<"r fiscal and monetary policy alone to achieve EVEN BACKER OF ABORTION HATES To SEE tion controversy in Akron, 0. There, the city ITS REALITY high employment in a balanced, noninfla council has just passed an ordinance effec tionary environment. We need to employ a (By Joan Beck) tive May 1 requiring physicians to so inform variety of structural measures to improve Is it all right for a physician to try to mothers, to describe the development stages employment, avoid bottlenecks, stimulate in end the life of an unborn baby by saline of unborn infants, and to report that hem- vestment and the like. fm46 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 9, 1978 To do this requires a great deal of patient the recently enacted Surface Mining If more liberals were that honest in effort by the private and public sectors. In Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 admitting their failures, liberalism would deed, we are trying to do it now, but the Sub- Ammu- Sub- Ammu- Revolvers machine- nition V-150 RevolvPrs machine- nition V-150 Region and and guns and (thousand Tear ,as Gas armored Region and · and guns and (thousand Tear ,as Gas armored country pistols rifles rounds) granades guns MACE t cars country pistols rifles rounds) granades guns MACEJ cars LATIN AMERICA 4, 3~g ==== ~===== 81~ ======------70.======Arientina______186 1 ------Bermuda______6 16 78 ------Bolivia______17 ______48 ______12 ______~:ci~\a·r~ --~ ~= == == __ --~·- ~~~-::::::::::~~ ~~ ~~~~ ~~ --- -~;~ ~~g- ======~~j=------;~r= ==== :::: BraziL______20 30 11 ------658 1, 326 ------Qatar.------14 5 6 ------Chile______22 ------500 ------Saudi Arabia_____ 6, 969 375 1, 680 600 6 ------Colombia______333 100 ------3, 500 235 ------Sri lanka______320 ____ ------______-- __ ----______Costa Rica______6 ------24 ------Turkey ______------______----____ ------34 Dominican Re- public ••• ______200 ______50 ______------•• ____ -- ______-- ______------Total2 ______15,169 382 2, 559 118,776 1,073 930 34 Ecuador______10,000 ------6, 500 2, 000 950 ------AFRICA ~~~,~~a!~=====Honduras ... _____= =----~·-~~~-======469 ______------======------______------6 Jamaica______446 ______5 Mexico______1, 850 ------20 24 ------300 ------Netherland An· !~!il~~~~~ ~~~~~~ -- -- ~~ ;::. ~~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ;;;; ;; ;~~; ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ ======i~~= ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ titles ______.______58 635 1 35 ------Tunisia ______------______1, 000 ------__ ---- __ Zaire______500 ______------______Nicaragua______1, 713 ------40 200 12 ------Panama •• ______------______4, 500 10 ______------TotaP...... 3, 766 58 1, 000 ------370 ------======~~i~i~~;=~~~=== ·==------~~~-======·--T~~r======~i======EAST ASIA Uruiuay______1, 134 ------2 ------Venezuela______6, 606 7 10 2, 500 22 380 ------Hone Kong______550 ------7, 500 5 140 ------1ndonesia. ______1, 429 ------1, 426 ______60 6 ------TotaL ______24,402 146 730 21,715 3, 002 3,027 11 Malaysia ______813 40 500 ______10 2, 000 211 NEAR EAST AND==:;;======~~!!~it!~:~======i.=iii=~~~~~~~~~~======~6=----3~ -:;:-:_=_=_=_=_=:_=:_=:_=_=_=_=_=_=_=_=_=_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-~~ SOUTH ASIA South Korea_____ 1, 230 ------922.5 ------50 60 ------Bahrain______80 ------32 ------Thailand______864 8, 700 1, 305 3, 210 1,,024 100 20 Dubai.______72 ------12 ------~ TotaL______6, 599 8, 740 4, 243 14, 362 1,149 2, 306 251 ~~~~~::===:== =: ------~~~--======---6::~:- !~ ======}======Grand totaL.. 49,936 9, 270 7, 590 155,835 5, 224 6, 633 296 tlncludes Federal Streamer, a similar product. Source: "Supplying Repression," by Michael T. Klare, Field Foundation, New York, 1977, t Includes small quantities for other countries. p. 44. March 9, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Commercial Sales licensed for export have an unliquidated value o:f $3.1 blllion. When a. $100,000 threshold while leaving defense been rising in importance. Commercial Sales the FMS Credit program supports purchases articles not on the special Ust under the cur averaged $100 million per year between 195o- o:f pollee-type weapons, the :full :faith and rent $7 million and $25 million thresholds. 69, increased to a yearly average of almost credit of the U.S. is extended to the benefit 7. Improve Human. Rights considerations in. •450 m1llion between 197o-75 and for 1976- of the recipient country in violation of the consideration. of export licenses. 78 are expected to average $1.35 billion each spirit of the ban on aid to foreign policy Decisions on whether to issue export year. Clearly, Commercial Sales must be agencies in Sec. 660 o:f the Foreign Assistance licenses, according to Sec. 38(a) (2) of the brought under more strict controls 1f we are Act of 1961. I recommend that Sec. 660 lan Act, shall be made in coordination with the to decrease the traffic in pollee arms. Un guage-no support for pollee, prisons, or Director of ACDA so that his views may be fortunately, the Carter Administration's other law enforcement forces o:f any foreign taken into account concerning the impact May 19 Arms Sales Polley Statement expllc- government-should be applied to the FMS of a weapons export on a local arms race or 1tly exempt Commercial Sales from its pro Credit Sales program. on prospects for an arms control agreement. visions. 4. Review the U.S. Mun.ition.s List regula Since sales of pollee-type weapons involve The relatively small size of most pollee tion.. often major violations of human rights, and type sales which hinders the reporting fea The operation of the Munitions List has an since major human rights violators have tures of the Arms Export Control Act sim impact on the entire Act and especially on purchased in the past large quantities o:f Uarly hinders the veto provisions of the the Commercial Sales program. Sec. 38 (a) ( 1) police weapons, this section should be Act. The veto provision in Sec. 36(B) is of this Act authorizes the President to amended so that the views of the Coordina llmlted in application to defense articles and designate :for the U.S. Munitions List those tor of Human Rights and Humanitarian services exceeding $25,000,000 or more or any Items to be considered as defense articles and Affairs should also be taken into account major defense equipment for $7,000,000 or services and to regulate their import and prior to the licensing of a police weapons more. Whlle this covers adequately the sale export. It is time :for this Committee to export. of jets to the middle east, it does not cover thoroughly study the export controls. The 8. Institute stronger controls on. export most of the pistol, MACE, tear gas, barbed Munitions List should be examined to insure licensing. wire, or shotgun orders which make up the that It covers exported Items used by police A special "police functions" list in the bulk o:f the pollee weapons trade. agencies. For example, electr!~ shock batons Munitions Control List would improve pros I recommend that this Committee explore or prods are listed on the Commerce Depart pects for controlling commercial sales of two avenues o:f reform to reduce significantly ment's Commodity Control List rather than these weapons. The Secretary of State could and even halt the sale or export o:f repres on the Munitions List. In addition, the Com be instructed, by amending Section 42 (e) sion abroad. The first gets at the heart of mittee should obtain copies of all export (2) (A) of the Act, to deny licenses for items the issue. Pollee sales tend to inevitably licenses granted under Sec. 38 :for_the past on the special list to countries which vio involve the United States in the internal 5 to 10 years to examine the pattern of late human rights. Alternatively, license affairs o:f other nations just at the time commercial sales in general and pollee-type applications involving items on the list for when we should be seeking to establish sales in particular. Finally, attention should $100,000 or more could be made subject to a relationships based on non-interference and be given to the problem o:f how "dual use" Congressional veto provision. In either case, on respect :for human Uberty. We ca.nnot equipment, such as light aircraft, aircraft applications for export licenses to the great bulld the new relationships and permit the en~ines, computers and radars. which have est extent possible should be required during old practices at the same time. Hence, this civ111an as well as pollee or m111tary applica the negotiation of the sales agreement Committee should consider amending the tions, should be listed and controlled in rather than, according to current procedure, Act with a broad and flexible proviso that cases where the "end user" is a pollee-type after the agreement has been consummated could preclude the sale or approval :for the agency. This new procedure would minimize com export o:f any sort o:f weapon, equipment or 5. Create a n.ew "police weapons" cateqory. mercial disruptions to a greater extent 1f service intended for the pollee or internal The relatively smaller size o:f typical police new export controls were instituted than security :forces o:f another government. type sales and exports creates unique report would the old procedures. This Committee should also consider re ing and veto provision problems. Stated Mr. Chairman, I submit these recommen stating poUcy provisions and closing loop simply, the sale of police-type equipment holes in the Arms Export Control Act which dations for the consideration of this Com should be controlled, but controls applicable mittee because I believe they would help us would make more visible and reduce the to police-type sales would be unworkable l:f volume o:f pollee-type sales and exports I close the lid on the sales and export of applied to an arms sales under the Act. The police-type weapons, equipment and sales. offer the following recommendatic;>ns: solution may be to create on the Munitions 1. Diminish the "internal security" pur Our government should not be in the busi List a special category of "Pollee-function ness of supplying repression devices either pose of arms sales. weapons, equipment and services" for which According to Sec. 4 o:f the Act, "internal directly through government-to-government new reporting and veto provisions would be sales or indirectly through approval of security" is one o:f the major purposes for developed. The following types of Items which defense articles and services mav be commercial exports. There are compelling should be included on the special list: small reasons of national interest and interna sold. Too often, however, "internal security" caliber pistols, revolvers and ammunition; has been used as a justification to obtain tional morality to bring this traffic to a halt patrol cars and armored cars; gas guns, tear once and for an.e weapons which ultimately are used to sup gas grenades, MACE, pepper :fog and other press dissent or to establlsh authoritarian riot-control munitions; electronic shock I ) rule. I believe it should be made expllcit batons, riot sticks, riot shields and helmets, within Sec. 4 that "internal security" does handcuffs and other riot gear: certain types not include the suppression of civil Uberties, of counter-Insurgency helicopters and lll:{ht NEED FOR THE CANAL TREATIES: denial o:f democratic freedoms or the stab111- aircraft (e.g., Rockwell International OV-10 REFLECTING A NEW SPIRIT OF zation o:f martial law regimes. "Bronco" and Fairchild AU-23A "Peace COOPERATION 2. Reaffirm Congressional policy on. hu maker" counter-insurgency planes); barbed man. rights. wire; certain types of surveillance devices, A Sense o:f the Congress statement should communications gear and computers: etc. HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR be added to state that it is the pollcy of the 6. Stren.qthen. reporting an.d veto provi OF PENNSYLVANIA United States not to sell or permit the sions for FMS Sales. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES export of any weapon, equipment or service If the previous recommendation for a spe for use by police or other lntemal security cial "pollee functions" list were adopted, it Thursday, March 9, 1978 agency of any government which is engaged would- be :feasible to lower the threshold :for • Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, a letter to in a consistent pattern of gross violations of reporting and veto provisions o:f FM:S Sales human rights. The statement already In Sec. under Sections 36(a) and 36(b) of the Act the editor written by a future diplomat, 1 refers only to the arming o:f "m111tary dicta without swamping this Committee under a who presently is a student at Harriton tors" a.nd thus might be construed in an deluge of paperwork. The dollar amount High School, appeared on February 27 overly narrow :fashion. At the very least, the threshold for noti-fication to Congress :for in the Philadelphia Bulletin. I would like existing statement in Sec. 1, which applies items on the special llst could be lowered to only to the FMS program, should also apply to share this letter with my colleagues: $100.000 and weekly reports could be required [From the Evening Bulletin, Feb. 27, 1978] to the Commercial Sales program In Sec. 38. for FMS letters of offer or license applica 3. Terminate indirect U.S. support for tions. This would return police-tvne items TREATIES REFLECT BETTER SPIRrr foreign. police agencies. to the stricter provisions of the now-super (By Andrew Henshel) The Foreign Military Sales Credit Pro ceded Section 414e o:f the Mutual Securities As the United States Senate approaches a ~m in Sec. 23 of the Act authorizes the Act of 1954 while leaving other types of de decision on President Carter's Panama Canal President to finance procurements of defense fense articles and services under current treaties, the issue must be given a proper articles and services by :friennly foreign ~ov notifies tion provisions. perspective. The treaties signed Sept. 7 by ernments. As of October 1. 1977. the Defense Similarly, Con~ess should be empowered the leaders of Panama and the United States, Department was guaranteeing 1171oans with to veto items on the special list beginning at in the presence of many of our hemisphere's 6360 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 9, 1978 leaders reflect a. new spirit of cooperation, ment of U.S. attorneys and marshals, each for the fifth and ninth circuits. The mutual respect, and harmony between our that my subcommittee will commence Commission in the District of Columbia is the nation and Latin America.. legislative hearings on March 13, 1978. only such panel which also selects a panel In his State of the Union address to Con of nominees for the U.S. District Court. gress in January, President Carter said, The Honorable Griffin B. Bell will be the There was little senatorial opposition to "Ratifying the Panama Canal treaties will first witness and two legislative proposals the creation of the Circuit Court merit se demonstrate our good faith to the world, As for driving the attackers from NATO these supplies within close reach to replace a few hours. U.S. Air Force jets monitor the territory, the American general said: "I don't huge amounts that would be fired and de skies. think we have that capability without rein stroyed in the first month or so of a major These are the cutting edge of American forcements from the outside." land war. military power in the Pacific and Indian Current strategy calls for U.S., German Both types of stockpiles have become in Oceans. But increasing numbers of military and other A111ed armies to meet the enemy creasingly important because a severe short men fear that while these forces are at the as close as possible to the border, with maxi age of long-range, military cargo-carrying forefront of United States defenses in a re mum force. It rejects the old concept of a planes raises strong doubts about the Air gion covering nearly half the world's surface, fighting retreat, of giving up West German Force's ability to resupply U.S. units from they are less effective than in the past be territory to buy time for mobilization and America in the opening stage of a major war. cause of the Pentagon's preoccupation with later counterattack. Gen. Bernard W. Rogers, Army Chief of Western Europe. Key Allied strategists now are convinced Staff, reportedly has given the "pre-posi In interviews with senior commanders, of t hat the Russians could mount a major of tioned" stocks priority over some units in ficers and men in their island bases and op fensive into Western Europe with as little as the United States which are awaiting new erating areas, The Associated Press found five to seven days of preparation. That would equipment. these major concerns: give the Allies much less warning than the As a result, sources said, the full comple The emphasis in U.S. m1litary strategy has 23 days formerly assumed by NATO planners. ment of tanks has been placed in those de swung decisively away from Southeast Asia U.S. Army and Air Force generals have pots. The stocks stlll lack about 1,000 to the defense of Western Europe. Informed urged, therefore, that the United States sta armored personnel carriers and self-propelled sources said that contingency plans provide tion substantially more firepower, particu guns, as well as about 3,000 trucks. "But for about half the 218-ship U.S. Pacific Fleet larly more big guns, antitank and antiair we'll be up to our elbows in tracked and and part of its attendant ground forces to be craft missiles, and possibly more ground wheeled vehicles by next summer," a logistics switched to the European theater if host1li attack fighter-bombers in Western Europe. expert said. ties with the Soviet Union break out there. Some recommendations have been ap The War Reserve stocks will take at least Not only would this leave America's forward proved, others are under study in the two years to fill, Army officers said. They are deployed forces vulnerable to Soviet flank Pentagon. short about 75 per cent of the tanks and ing action, it would also, in the words of one The manpower of five Army mechanized two-thirds of the ammunition and have none highly placed observer, "mean writing off infantry and armored division equivalents of the personnel carriers or long-barreled, the western Pacific." and some other combat units in Germany self-propelled art1llery they should have, ac Strategically, the sea lanes have become will be fleshed out over the next two years. cording to the calculations of war planners. far more important than many of the coun There is a strong likelihood that an addi The strengthening of Russia's tactical air tries they pass. Particularly important is the tional brigade will be sent from the United force and its conversion from a largely de Indian Ocean, where at any given moment, States in the future fensive to an offensive ground attack role has more than half the world's seaborne oil is in In line with the forward defense strategy, sharply increased concern about the vulner transit. But senior American Navy men, not U.S. Army generals stress training to move ability of U.S. air bases, radar stations, supply ing the continuing shrinkage that has re major fighting units up to the border faster. depots and command centers. duced the U.S. Pacific Fleet to pre-Korean "Within 48 hours, I'll have forces in posi This has stimulated construction of size, concede that the United States may al tion along the front with their necessary hundreds of concrete-and-steel shelters for ready have lost its mastery of the seas and ammunition and weapons," said one senior U.S. warplanes and repair shops, as well as that in a conventional war with the Soviet officer responsible for defending hundreds of reinforced igloos to sh~eld ammunition and Union it would be unable to keep the Pacific miles of territory along the East German and weapons from surprise attack. Precious fuel and Indian Ocean sea lanes ouen. One senior Czechoslovakian borders. is going into extensive underground storage Navy man commented: "Either redefine our Critics argue that the peacetime U.S. tanks. mission or give us more ships." garrison comulexes are too far back and Plans have been made to remove nuclear The legacy of the Vietnam War in terms of should be relocated. weapons from closely guarded storage sites public and congressional disenchantment American generals agree this would be at the onset of a crisis. with foreign m111tary involvement helped desirable. but say it is unlikely for two Radar stations are increasingly mobile and lead to a redefinition of America's vital in reasons: (1) German opposition to giving up arrayed in depth. terests in Asia. limiting them essentially to any more scarce land for U.S. military bases Blast walls are going up around important the security of Ja~an and the Korean ap and (2) the cost of building new barracks buildings, particularly command posts and proaches to that island nation. The ca~ab111- and other fac111ties. communication complexes. A below-ground ties of American forces also have been di With German m111tary police helping to headquarters has just been opened for the minished. however, due to delays in repairs, clear the roads, U.S. troops practice moving multi-nation Allied Air Forces Central postponed in favor of spending on future to their main defensive positions at least Europe. weapons systems. and necessary economies once every three months. Army chiefs also The U.S. Air Force, which seems farther because of soaring fuel prices. call surprise alerts, sometimes on weekends, advanced than the Army in cooperative ar "We don't keep telling ourselves that the to test how fast they can muster their troops rangements with the Germans and other Al Rnss!ans will atta.ck A.t mfdnight We would in an emergency. In one such recent drlll, lies, has access to more than 50 NATO mil1- wear ourselves out," said Vice Admiral Robert they said, they got 70 percent back on duty tary airfields for dispersal of its fighters and B. Baldwin. thP US. Seventh Fleet com within three hours. other warplanes. including those deployed mander. after a briefing aboard his flagship, Another part of the program to enhance from the United States. the lighi:. cr•1isPr ()~lahoma Citv. on t.he capa quick reaction involves bringing ammunition The Air Force is short of air-to-air mis bllities of the Soviet fleet in the Pacific. up to tank battalions and artillery batteries siles. but supplies are being taken from Twenty vears a !?o. Baldwin f'aid. "We ruled from depots well in the rear. This wlll give other commands to assure that F15s and the seas and it was htst a ouestion 0f how the fighting units their basic supplies for other fighters in Europe have enough. A lo much leveraf?e we needed to. apply." Today, immediate combat. gistics specialist said, "We see get well dates he said. the Seventh FlE>et. 1s down "t.o a Ironically, this reverses action tall"en six on the horizon." bare-bones level of around 50 ships." (In the years ago when, U.S. officials said, the German 1960s, it averaged about 100 shins.) Baldwin government became concerned about the ric::k American fighters are on alerts ranging said the Russian naval threat is Fimilar to of possible explosions near their population from only five minutes to an hour. Squad that posed by the Japanese Navy in World centers and asked that the ammunition be rons stage several practice scrambles a day. War H. removed to remote depots. Air Force generals said their fighters have The new l.T .S. Navy emryhasis was aryparent Meanwhile, there is a sense of urgency never in recent times failed to meet the NATO aboard the 83.000-ton carrier Constellation about rebuilding two kinds of weapons stock standard requiring that 70 per cent of the which wM leading t.he Re,•entb Fleet's south piles which has fallen to dangerously low force be ready with fuel and weapons to ern carrier task force in a training operation levels in recent years. meet missions assigned them within 12 hours. 1n the South China Sea near the Philippines One of the stockpiles contains equipment Germany's dense air traffic, often-bad recently. Viet nam was just beyond the hori intended for two full armored and mecha weather and heavy population make it diffi zon, but it was no lonczer of anv concern to nized infantry divisions, plus 10 separate bat cult for U.S. air and ground units to prac the more t.han 5.000 men who ran the ship, talions. This equipment is supposed to be tice. Most Army tank units are able to shoot and launched and flew the sleek 1et bombers on hand at all times for issue to troops flown during only three periods a year. To improve and patrol planes that nestled on the flight from the United States in Air Force trans the situation, the United States is negotiat deck. ports and civ111an passenger planes during a ing for additional flight training and firing "We are back to our primarv mission of crisis. ranges in the Mediterranean area. control of the seas." said the task force com The.!e "pre-positioned" stocks were milked mander, Rear Admiral H. P. Gllndeman. during and after the 1973 Mideast War to (By Peter Arnett) Ba!':ically, that mission is to keen interna replace Israeli battle losses and their re Warplanes blast off from the pitching flight tional sea lanes open to commercial and mili covery has been slow. deck of the aircraft carrier Constellation tary shinping. It also includeo:; observing the The other stockplle is composed of War as it cruises the Pacific sea lanes. Elsewhere Soviet naval flotillas that have shown up Reserve supplies of ammunition and major on the ocean, combat Marines float in all over the Pacific, inclHding- off Diamond arms. Units fighting in Europe would require cramped quarters, prepared to land within Head, Hawaii. The Constellation sends up March 9, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6365 jet fighters to escort the inquisitive, long mm ammo per mission-<>ut of guns capable actions that threaten our broad objectives range Russian aircraft which sometimes peek of firing 6,000 rounds per minute.e and most vital interests. These specific na at fleet exercises. tional objectives-along with the m111tary Most important. the carrier and its escort strategies and forces to underwrite them ships operate 24-hour-a.-da.y surveillance have the purpose of focusing on what im against the Soviet Union's increasingly capa ADM. THOMAS H. MOORER TESTI mediate objectives must be achieved in light ble submarine fleet, which now has an esti FIES IN FAVOR OF NUCLEAR AIR of the current environment, in order that our mated 100 craft operating in the Indian and broad national objectives will remain secure. Pacific Oceans. About 50 U.S. submarines CRAFT CARRIER These specific (or immediate) objec operate in the Pacific. tives/strategies/forces are then the corner While control of the sea lanes may domi HON. CHARLES E. BENNETT stone for planning for military forces. nate strategy on the Indian and Pacific In the current environment, m11itary Oceans, there are still requirements for the OF FLORIDA strategies and forces must underwrite at least possible use of American forces in the dozens IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the following specific national objectives: of countries in Asia. and Africa. where the Thursday, March 9, 1978 Support the viability of the NATO Al United States has direct interests. liance: Bring on the Marines. e Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, last Fri Have the capability to contain a Soviet The crewcut Marine "grunts" on immediate day, March 3, 1978, Adm. Thomas H. thrust on the Central Front by deploying action duty in the Pacific were aboard the Moorer, former Chief of Naval Opera ground forces and air forces in Germany and amphibious assault ship New Orleans off the U.K. along with a. capa.b111ty for rapid Okinawa. About a. thousand young men were tions and former Chairman of Joint augmentation of these forces; sleeping beside their helicopters by night and Chiefs of Staff and now president of Maintain the capability for appropriate exercising on the decks by day as they \7a.ited the Association of Naval Aviation. Inc., defense in the Northern and Southern out their four-month stretch of sea. duty. testified before the Seapower Subcom Flanks; The Marines have become increasingly so mittee of the Armed Services Committee. Protect the sea. lanes of communications phisticated. An AVB Harrier jet bomber hov Admiral Moorer appeared before us from the U.S. to Europe and from the Per ered in midair over the New Orleans and at our invitation to give us his assess sian Gulf to the U.S. and Europe so that gently lowered itself to the deck, then rose it will be evident that time is on the side again, like an elevator, and roared off. As ment of the sea-based air platform study of the Alliance after containment of any sault helicopters now routinely fly at night just completed for the Secretary of the Soviet campaign designed to overwhelm to avoid surface-to-air missiles. Navy. Admiral Moorer came out four Western Europe; And the muddy-faced Marine reconnais square in favor of nuclear aircraft car Insure that our allies have use of and sance teams carry sophisticated radio equip riers. His testimony was most convinc access to the seas worldwide and that key ment "because this is an age when the secre ing. geographical choke points remain secure. tary of state may want to talk to a. recon Maintain our strong ties with Japan and squad leader on the ground,'' said one Marine At this point, I insert his statement in Korea.: officer. full in the RECORD as follows: Maintain air and ground units in Korea; But no matter how gung ho the Marines, STATEMENT OF ADM. THOMAS H. MOORER, Maintain naval forces in the East Asian the geographical realities of the vast Pacific USN (RET.) FORMER CHAmMAN, JoiNT area; and Indian Oceans swallow up these assault CHIEFS OF STAFF, AND PRESIDENT, ASSOCIA Assist in protecting the sea. lanes of com forces. U.S. Air Force officials believe they can TION OF NAVAL AVIATION, INC., BEFORE THE munication from the U.S. to Asia, and from partially compensate for the lack of bases by SEAPOWER SUBCOMMITTEE, COMMITTEE ON the Persian Gulf to Japan, Australia. and refueling fighter aircraft in the air with ARMED SERVICES other Asian allies. tanker planes. Mr. Chairman, Members of the Subcom Deter and counter any Soviet actions (di "We are just 12 hours from the east coast rect or by other means) designed to deny of Africa and it's mostly over the open sea mittee: You have requested that I appear before this Subcommittee and present an the flow of oil from the Mid-East to the and you don't have to ask anyone to fly over U.S. our NATO allies or Japan. it," said a senior officer a't Clark Air Force evaluation that I and other members of the Association of Naval Aviation have con Underwrite this objective with naval forces base in the Philippines. He said America deployed in the area. of the Persian Gulf could resupply Israel by the "back door" of ducted of the recently completed Assess ment of Sea Based Air Platforms, a study di and the Western reaches of the Indian the Indian Ocean base of Diego Garcia.. Ocean. Like the other services in the Pacific, the rected by the Congress and forwarded to the Congress by the Secretary of the Navy Deter and counter any Soviet actions (di Air Force is making the best of what it be rect or indirect) designed to deny the flow lieves is a. bad situation. "When we had to and the Deputy Secretary of Defense. I am happy to comply with your request and wel of commerce to and from Japan. get bases out of Thailand a. couple of years Underwrite with naval forces deployed to ago, it was seen as a disaster. It is not seen come the opportunity to appear before you on this particular subject. I can think of no protect the sea lanes of communications. that way now," one Air Force man said. Deter and counter Soviet intervention in This view also seemed to prevail when it more significant decision facing our leader ship today on the issue of sea based aviation the Third World where our national interests comes to the Philippines, which is the south are involved. western anchor for American forces in the than the one now before you and covered in the subject study. The decision on what sea. I note with great pleasure that the current Pacific, with Clark air base and the Subic Secretary of Defense agrees with the thrust Bay Navy yards. Commenting on recent hag based air platform we shall have in the fu ture is a decision that we will have to live of these objectives as they pertain to the gling over the future of these ins'tallations, Middle East and the Persian Gulf. In re one senior American said: "These places are with for 3o-40 years. The decision itself can have considerable impact on the perceptions cent remarks prepared for the Los Angeles really important to us, but if necessary, we World Affairs Council he is quoted as fol could do without." our allies and potential adversaries have lows: Where would the United States go? "The about the future policies and objectives of "Because the area is the world's greatest billion-dollar costs would prevent building the United States. So I would like to pre source of oil, the Middle East and the Persian elsewhere," he said. "I guess we would move fix my specific comments on the study with Gulf cannot be separated from our security right back to the West Coast of the United a brief review of our national objectives and and that of NATO and our allies in Asia.. States." the role the Navy and sea based air will play Just as political realities seem to be catch in achieving those objectives. We intend to safeguard production of oil and its transportation to consumer nations ing up with the u.s. military presence in NATIONAL OBJECTIVES the Pacific, so are the economies. The Pacific without interference from hostile powers." Fleet stays anchored more because of fuel The broad national objectives of the United MILITARY/ NAVAL STRATEGIES costs. And while the average ship might still States have consistently included: to remain The m111tary strategies for underwriting be at sea. about 50 percent of the time, it a free and viable nation and to advance the the specific national objectives set forth will steam more slowly to conserve fuel. cause of peace throughout the world. But, above will vary but the general pattern for The Air Force has cut the length of its in any particular era, the environment of the naval forces seems very clear. Naval forces air sorties by about one-third and turn time will operate in diverse ways to frustrate make a substantial contribution in under around time by two-thirds. Planes taxi with the achievement of these broad objectives. writing all the national objectives and will only one engine. The environment is driven by hostile and be relied upon almost solely in underwriting Ammunition costs have risen so less is friendly alliances and, in particular, by the the critical objectives of deterring and coun fired. Of the 27 aircrews of the latest model goals and military capabilities of hostile al tering the Soviets from denying the flow of F14 jet fighters on the Constellation, only liances. oil from the Middle East and ensuring the three had fired the sophisticated Phoenix Specific national objectives are derived flow of commerce to and from Japan. I can air-to-air missile. Crews fire two sidewinder and become goals as a result of the current not see that the future will de anything but missiles each year. environment. Today's environment is domi force us to rely more on naval forces, not "Sure we would like to fire more, but we nated by the aggressive attitudes and aspira less. It is therefore, most important that the have to settle for simulators," an officer said. tions of the USSR and their ever-increasing correct decisions be made, particularly as Air Force pilots are similarly constrained. military forces. These forces provide them they relate to sea based aviation platforms. I They are limited to firing 100 rounds of 20 with the capabilities and opportunities for believe it was in recognition of the impor- 6366 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 9, 1978 tance of these decisions that the Congress di (4) our convoy protection capab111ty one basis as opposed to the CVN in this rected the Navy to conduct a study of the against Soviet submarines In the North At scenario is so low that at least two CVV's critical aspects of the issue and provide some lantic, and always operate together. answers to decision makers. I would now (5) our sea lines of communication pro In an effort to improve the relative per like to comment on some of the answers that tection capab111ty against Soviet surface formance of an even less capable and less have been provided. forces in the Indian Ocean. seaworthy platform than the CVV, termed FORWARDING LETTER The scenarios all address the present CVN the VSS, the study makes further unreal (NIMITZ) class carrier with certain im assumptions. I note that in his letter forwarding the provements, a new smaller class carrier--oil First, it is assumed that all ships arrived study to the Congress, the sec.reta.ry of the fired but with catapults and arresting gear on station in the North Atlantic without Navy states "we should avoid making the easy referred to as a CVV, and an even smaller opposition prior to day one of the engage assumption that our children and grand air capable platform without catapults or ment, and that all ships commenced the children w111 be called upon in the 21st cen arresting gear referred to as a VSS. The engagement following transit to the area tury to refight the wars of the recent past, CVN/CVV wm be equipped with either Fu fully topped off in fuel and ordnance. Thus such as the WWI battle of the Atlantic, ture Conventional Take-Off and Landing air all the advantages of nuclear power in ex Vietnam, or any other." I heartily concur craft called CTOL or future Vertical Short tended steaming through low threat areas with that statement. It seems obvious that to reach the scene of action were completely the tasks of the Navy of the future wm be Take-Off and Landing aircraft called VI related to the national objectives listed STOL. The VSS w111 be equipped only with discounted. Further, the less seaworthy and above, particularly the guaranteeing of the future V/STOL. The scenarios. also assume less capable VSS platform, with a V/STOL flow of oil from the Middle East and ensur that the mix of sea based platforms (car airwing embarked, was termed virtually ing the flow of commerce to and from Japan. riers) and embarked aircraft wlll be limited equal to the CVN in ratio of U.S. losses to These tasks may not be directly relatable to over a 30-year life cycle to what can be pur enemy bombers destroyed (with dispersal) wwn, but we can rely on the lessons of the chased or maintained within a total fiscal by assuming that a number of sea based past to help us determine the kinds of naval limit of 217 billlon dollars, plus R&.D and air platforms would be sent into the battle forces that will be required for the tasks of procurement costs for future CTOL or VI arena partially loaded-that is, without a the future. I want to use some of those les STOL aircraft. full complement of embarked aircraft sons in the evaluation I present today. It Is One of the most glaring aspects of the simply to act as receiving ships for retiring interesting to note that the study Itself relies study is the assumption that it is feasible to U.S. aircraft when their own ships had been heavily on scenarios of the past to reach tts develop V/STOL aircraft in the time frame sunk or damaged. findings. represented by the scenarios that are equally In the Korean scenario, the study rates I note also that the Secretary forecasts a capable with future CTOL aircraft. This is a the CVN behind the CVV and the VSS in "dimly perceived future" calling for "flexi dubious assumption from all the aeronauti combat effectiveness in strike operations b111ty and ab111ty to adapt to uncertainty." cal engineering data currently available on against targets ashore, ligain by the use of I agree that the future Is always difficult to V/STOL potential. It is also a false premise unrealistic assumptions. It maximized the perceive, but it seems to be very clear tn to assume that with a given power plant the advantages of a higher cycle rate for the regard to energy, specl.fically oil. Oil must extra weight, thrust and fuel consumption V/STOL aircraft by moving the platform come from the Middle Eas<; and it must flow required just to get the V/STOL aircraft air (carrier) to wuhin 150 miles of the target, to Europe, Japan and the United States-in borne wm result in an air platform equiva far closer than would be acceptable with any ever-increasing quantities. And that flow lent in performance to a companion CTOL enemy opposition. It then evaluated the must be guaranteed. I would think that the aircraft when both are launched. For exam ordnance delivery capab111ty of V/STOL/VSS best way to answer the Secretary's call for ple, Mr. George Spangenberg, one of the combination and the CVN/CTOL or V/STOL flexib111ty and ab111ty to adapt to uncer most reputable aeronautical engineers in the combination. without properly allowing for tainty is to equip ourselves with qualitative world and most fami11ar to this Committee, the limitations on ordnance handling capa forces, those that can deter any potential reports that an ASW version of the V/STOL bility of the smaller platforms. enemy from overt action to defeat our ob will weigh over 50,000 pounds, have a three It clearly states on Fage V-8 of the as jectives-not forces of questionable threat hour station time at 150 mlles from its car sessment report that over a five-day period to the opposition-forces that might tempt rier, and still be reduced in ASW capab1Ilty the CVN force would not require ordnance the opposition to gamble. It w111 take quali compared to the current 8-3 aircraft which resupply, while the CVV /V/STOL combina tative forces of high order to guarantee the has 4 hours station time at about 400 nauti tion would require 75% resupply and the economic and energy lifelines of the United cal miles. VSS/V/STOL combination would require States and her ames. It appears that this assumption in V1 127% resupply. The report further acknowl I agree with the view expressed 1n the for STOL capab1Iity was made to support the edges that the VSS delivery capacity would warding letter that the CVN is the more thrust of the study argument that high re most likely exceed ordnance handling capa survivable and effective platform. I cannot search/development and procurement costs blllty. The Executive Summary glosses over for the V/STOL aircraft are justified. This this point and makes the statement that a agree, however, that it is also the more ex assumption, however, also generates fewer pensive, by a ratio of about 3 to 2 with any 3 CVV force with either V/STOL or CTOL feasible alternative, and I wlll address that platforms of CVN (NIMITZ) capabillty with aircraft is the best option. It seems clear to point in some detail. in the 217 billion dollars budgetary con me, however, that in order to maximize the straint which, in turn, forces a higher num higher sortie rate attributed to the V/STOL Finally, I note that while the study arrives ber of cheaper platforms labeled CVV or at some findings, it is very careful not to aircraft in this phase that the ordnance han VSS equipped with an equivalent total num dling capablllty and higher manning of the make any specific recommendations or hard ber of V/STOL aircraft. conclusions aimed at urging a decision CVN would be a prerequisite over a five-day This synthetic generation of forces is sub period of continuous operations. Under such maker to select one specific air platform over sequently matched in the scenarios against another. However, In his forwarding letter, a scenario the CVN would then emerge as CVN forces with CTOL or V/ STOL airwings. the most cost effective platform. the Secretary states a preference for the The extra R&D costs for future V/STOL air CVV (the 60,000 ton conventional powered craft alone are estimated to be as high as In the Mediterranean scenario the study carrier) vs. the CVN or CV (nuclear/con 18 b1llion dollars or 9 billion dollars more ranks the CVN highest in survivabllity. ventionally powered 90,000 ton carrier). than future CTOL development costs. This The CVN is not used ir. the convoy scenario, While I appreciate the budgetary constraints cost must be borne outside the 217 billion and although ?referred in the Indian Ocean under. which the secretary must operate, my dollar envelope. scenario, is assumed not available for future preference would differ from his. I would Of the five scenarios outlined previously, use 1n such a role. The VSS with v /STOL like to provide the rationale for my prefer the study gives a clear edge to the CVN then wins this engagement over the CVN by ence by referring to the study itself. force with future CTOL aircraft in the anti a hypothetical default. THE STUDY air barrier engagement in the North Atlan In summation, where the CVN is rated best The study undertakes a detalled analysis tic. It is evaluated as the most cost effec by the study in 4 out of 6 scenarios, what is of potential combat scenarios under the tive in ratio of enemy bombers destroyed to not made c~ear in either the report or the most ll.k.ely threats to the specific national U.S. loses, and in lifetime cycle cost per Executive Summary is that the CVN is objectives that I have outlined previously. bomber kllled. (Page V-4 and Table V-1 of assumed not deployable in two scenarios in The engagements listed in some detail in the the Sea Basea Air Assessment Study.) How which it would be clearly preeminent, i.e., study itself are to test: ever, the Executive Summary overlooks this th& Indian Ocean with either future CTOL or V/STOL aircraft. The recapitulation would ( 1) our defense against the Soviet Back point and assesses the CVN force and cvv force as about equal on the basis of enemy then be the CVN best in 6 out of 8 scenarios. fire bomber with anti-ship missiles in the bombers kllled to residual fighters remain Should the ordnance handling capabllity of Greenland-Iceland-United K!ngdom gap; ing after the engagement. The conclusion the CVN be matched against that same capa (2) our sea-based air strike and ground made is that the CVV force can be procured bllity in the CVV or the VSS over a continu support capabUity in a Korean type con at a rate of 3 to 2 over the CVN force, thus ous 5-day strike period without retirement filet; making a total of six CVV's available vice for rest and rearming, the CVN would emerge (3) our defense against a Soviet surprise only 4 CVN's. What is not made clear is as the best option with either CTOL and attack on our forces in the Mediterranean; that the effectivenes of the CVV on a one for V/STOL aircraft, making it the best option March 9, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6367 ln 8 out of 8 scenarios. I! you add stlll an antee the flow of oil from the Middle East NIMITZ size carriers have more flexiblllty other scenario, normally considered but not is far d111erent from that required to defend to incorporate changes in characteristics addressed in the study, that of peacetime Chesapeake Bay. (aircraft, missiles, and equipment) that may presence, the CVN with either CTOL or It seems to me that in the study we are be required during the life of the ship due V/STOL is preeminent in both, making it addressing today, the common mistake was to changes in the threat and new techno the clear victor in 10 out of 10 scenarios ln made again. A figure of 217 billion . dollars logical developments. which 1t appears. was established as the fixed life cycle cost For a 3 carrier procurement program, the One need not look beyond the recent state of the platform and embarked aircraft cost of 3 modified NIMITZ size carriers is ments of the Secretary of Defense to discern V/STOL aircraft were fashioned with large about the same as the cost of 3 of the the next iteration of this study and the R&D and procurement dollars. To pay for smallest sized carrier concepts developed. impact it would have on Navy air/sea pro the aircraft, the sea based platform was de- Practically all design to cost, reliab111ty, grams and force deployment. Secretary Brown . graded to conventional vice nuclear power; maintainabllity, and operab111ty options for has been quoted as concluding that land two shafts vice four; two elevators vice four; a new design carrier can be incorporated in based air can substitute for sea based air in 28 vice 33 knots maximum speed; 16 vice e. modified design NIMITZ class carrier. both the North Atlantic and in the southern 26 knots with one engine down; 6 radars Safety. fia,nk of NATO. The overwhelming evidence . vice 8; 60 days vice 75 days stores endurance; Advantages of nuclear power. to the contrary that has been ignored in reduced mob111ty, stablllty, and reliablllty I cannot believe that there have been any cludes, but is not llmited to: with increased vulnerablll ty and a higher significant changes in ship-building or air The unrellablllty of territorial bases at the accident potential. The result is a combina craft production techniques during the past scene of the confiict; tion of platform and aircraft that have two years that would invalidate the above The lack of logistic capablllties to sup questionable capablllties to meet the objec conclusions. Further, as the national objec port the volume of land based air required tives and strategies we need to support. tives become clearer, it is evident that the even to the extent of prepared aircraft park ANOTHER STUDY strategies and forces we will require for our ing space on the ground; As members of this Subcommittee are well sea based platforms will require greater qual The blllions of investment that would be ity, not less. Implementing the 1976 study required for emplacement of the necessary aware, the subject of sea based aviation plat forms has been debated in the Halls or the would head us in that direction. support systems that could be denied to us CONCLUSION by polltical defection on the eve of confiict. Congress since Bllly Mitchell was suggest Should we accept Secretary Brown's as ing large sea based airdomes to Chairman In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, while I have sumptions, it is obvious that the thrust of Vinson of the House Committee on Naval great respect for the eflort devoted to the this study's conclusions would leave us, some Affairs in 1921. The study we are addressing study you have asked us to evaluate, and years hence, with naught but under-powered, today is but the latest in a long series. while I can agree with many of the findings, sea based air platforms of doubtful capa There is another study on the subject to I beUeve there should be considerable doubt blllty. which I would invite the Subcommittee's about the validity of any preference for a Although the Executive Summary accepts attention and that is one completed about 60,000 ton conventionally powered carrier, the need for maritime air in the Indian two years ago. It was prepared by a CVNX with 2 catapults, 2 shafts, 2 elevators, and Ocean, its option in support of this least characteristics group at the direction of the other limitations at a time when the roll capable air platform, i.e., the VSS, com Chief of Naval Operations. It was attempt of the Navy w111 call for more qualitative pletely ignores the most basic strategic con ing to define alternative nuclear powered performance, not less. I strongly recommend siderations that we face in that area. Having aircraft carrier conceptual models suitable your approval of a nuclear powered carrie! lost potential bases along both the east and for procurement in FY 1979. While the study of the improved NIMITZ class as the next west coasts of Africa as well as the Cape, dealt exclusively with nuclear powered car step in the Navy's sea based aviation plat having been pushed out of the Horn of riers, its conclusions are most appropriate form program. In making this statement, I Africa, being called upon to plan air/sea to these hearings. I commend the report of believe I speak not only for myself but also operations at the farthest point conceivable the study to this Subcommittee and request for the many professional members of the from our home ports in a hostlle environ that it be inserted in the Record. In addi AssQciation of Naval Aviation. Most impor ment without access to a rellable source of tion, I wish to repeat here the most sig tantly, I believe I am representing the true supplles, this study assumes that we can nificant conclusions of the study as I be feelings of the majority of the professional maintain working control of a vast ocean lieve they will help this Committee in its naval offtcers on active duty, qualified to ad area with the shortest-legged, least capable dellberations. The CVNX characteristics dress this sub1ect, and having responsibility air platform conceived since well before study group report dated 1/26/76 (unclassi for implementing the decisions made by this World War II. In any scenario that inter fied) concludes as follows: Committee and other elements of our civil dicts our oll llfellne from the Middle East Nuclear powered carriers using existing nu authority-not to mention participating in I am confident that only a CVN with its clear reactor designs and suitable for opera combat when the time comes. embarked airwtng and with nuclear powered tion of modern naval aircraft across all Navy Thank you, Mr. Chairman.e escorts would be effective in neutrallzing So mission areas can be designed in sizes that viet sea and land based atr power in actual range upward from about 56,000 tons stand combat. ard displacement. However, when compared to NIMITZ size carriers, at feasible force lev AIRCRAFT VERSUS THE AIR PLATFORM LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE els, smaller carriers would result in a sig I have one final point on this study, which nificant reduction in operational capability I belleve is quite basic but often overlooked (aircraft, aviation support, catapults, eleva HON. DOUGLAS WALGREN by the analyst or amateur as they attempt tors, ship speed, reliability, etc.) for a rela to define the characteristics we should have tively small reduction in investment and op OF PENNSYLVANIA in sea based aviation. There is a common erating costs. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tendency to start with a given ship of a To a great extent, unit life cycle cost Thursday, March 9, 1978 certain cost, size, and other characteristics. reduction options inherent in smaller car- · Attempts are then made to fit to that ship riers with smaller air wings can be applied e Mr. WALGREN. Mr. Speaker, I would some kind of airplane. If a proper airplane to NIMITZ si2'/e carriers with the added ad like to join my colleagues in honoring does not already exist, attempts are made to vantage that full air combat potential can be force something out of technology that wm the 60th anniversary of Lithuanian in relatively quickly restored by increasing the dependence on February 16, 1978. operate from the given platform. The re aircraft inventory. sult is something less than desirable. A Overall, for the foreseeable future it is more Throughout the years, the struggle of classic example is the many attempts and cost effective to procure improved design the Lithuanian people to regain their in mllllons of dollars spent on the infamous NIMITZ class nuclear powered carriers. The dependence has been an inspiration to all TFX, trying to make it carrier suitable. principal reasons are : freedom loving people in the world. The proper procedure is to start with na Lithuania became a sovereign state in tional objectives and determine the type Projected funding levels will support a of aircraft needed to defeat the best air force level of not more than 13 or 14 fully 1251. After 100 years of domination by craft possessed by those who might oppose capable carriers. Russia, it reasserted its nationhood in our national objectives. If the aircraft At force levels of 13 or 14 carriers, high 1918. This sovereignty was short lived, chosen must be based at sea, the next step individual carrier capabllity is required to however, as the Soviet Union invaded is to design a ship that will support the air meet tactical requirements. Lithuania in 1940 and imposed a new craft in terms of size, stability, vulnerabll Carriers significantly smaller than the regime. Even though Lithuania has lost ity, logistics capablllty, sustained staying NIMITZ class cannot support the practical its autonomy, Lithuanians have sought power and so on. Some modtflcatlons may minimum number and types of aircraft re to express their own culture and deter have to be made to the aircraft, but basically quired to perform missions alone tn the pres you start with the aircraft and then design ence of an air threat. NIMITZ size carriers mine their own future. the platform from which tt will operate, not provide more than twice the combat capa As the Belgrade Conference comes to the other way around. A sea platform sup bility of the smallest practical nuclear pow a close, we are all reminded of the sup porting an aircraft wing required to guar- ered alternative. pression of human rights in Lithuania, 6368 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 9, 1978 Latvia and Estonia, as well as the denial taped a workshop on "How to Disrupt an The local newspaper and "several groups" of self-determination for the Baltic peo Abortion Clinic." Copies of the tape were received letters hours after the bombing. Al ples. sent to clinics across the country to prepare legedly some of the letters were signed-al them for anti-choice activist harassment. though not the one sent to the newspaper, In honor of Lithuania's anniversary of The next year, the burnings began. which read approximately, "You'd bomb a independence, I salute all Lithuanian "These are serious, horrible crimes being concentration camp-why not abortion cen people and offer my heartfelt support committed by those who oppose women's ters?" This is a reference to the standard for their cause.• right to choose," said Karen Mulhauser, Ex anti-choice argument that women's right to ecutive Director of the National Abortion choose abortion is somehow the equivalent of Rights Action League. "Even in wartime, an Hitler's concentration camps. (In fact, his enemy hesitates before bombing the clinics torical documents show that Hitler was con ALARMING PATTERN OF VIOLENCE and hospitals of the other side. Anti-choice sistently against abortion and family plan AGAINST ABORTION CLINICS fanatics are so callous, so cruel, that they ning both, that the Nazi regime harassed bomb only the clinics." doctors who performed abortion, and that NARAL keeps in close touch With clinics some of these doctors ended up in concentra HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER across the country, and will be monitoring tion camps.) In addition to the signed let for further acts of violence. ters, clinic personnel found that someone OF NEW YORK NARAL is the largest national-membership had bought gasoline in a container from a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lobbying organization whose sole purpose is 7-Eleven store close to the clinic the evening Thursday, March 9, 1978 working for women's right to choose safe and that the clinic had burned-and paid for it legal abortion, regardless of their ability to by check. • Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, during pay. Despite the presence of all these leads, po the past few weeks there has been a rash lice have come up with no suspects, and are of fires and property damage at many [Report From the National Abortion Rights no longer investigating. Action League, Feb. 24, 1978] 4. Cincinnati, Ohio, Planned Parenthood of of this country's abortion clinics. Actions Cincinnati, November, 1977- of this nature which are directed at the VIOLENCE AGAINST THE RIGHT To CHOOSE No abortions are performed at the Cincin health care facilities are represensible I. BURNINGS nati Planned Parenthood clinic, but family and it is my hope that those responsible 1. St. Paul, Minnesota, Planned Parenthood planning services are provided. The clinic is will be duly punished. Clinic, February 23, 1977- in the Christ Church Medical building. A The nature of these violent incidents In St. Paul, Minnesota, unknown persons man entered the clinic before it opened, and directed against abortion clinics is de broke into the second floor of Planned Par set fire to a crib in the reception area, which enthood Adininistrative Offices on February spread to a limitej area. Fortunately, only veloping into an alarming pattern that 23, 1977. Evidence showed that they had tried about $4,000 worth of damage was done to the indicates there may be a concerted con to break into the floor in the same building clinic. spiracy of violence involved. I have there that housed the abortion clinic, but were Another Cincinnati family planning clinic, fore requested the Department of Justice unsuccessful. They soaked the floor with an the Price-Hill clinic, which also does not pro and the Judiciary Committees of the inflammable liquid and ignited it. The en vide abortion services, suffers another form of House and Senate to initiate investiga tire administrative floor was destroyed; the daily harassment. They are picketed daily by tions of these activities. I have also asked clinic on the floor below suffered water and anti-choice activists who take down the li them to ascertain whether any tax-ex smoke damage as did the library above. Dam cense numbers of cars belonging to all staff age estimated at a quarter of a million dol and patients. No one knows what the pickets empt entities may be involved. lars. The investigation is still open. intend to do with the numbers; perhaps just The National Abortion Rights Action Since then, there have been the usual acts try to intimidate people coming to the clinic League has issued a report on these in of vandalism suffered by so many clinics: for family planning services. cidents of violence which I would like jammed locks, picketing, harassment of staff A clinic which does provide abortion serv to share with my colleagues. Also in and patients, and so on. But anti-choice ices in Cincinnati, the Margaret Sanger clin cluded is an Associated Press story which activists have also broken $5,000.00 worth ic, was the recipient o! a !ailed firebombing ran on March 2. of windows through the past year-and have attempt. Fortunately, the fire bomb hit a fired bullets into the building. Board mem window air-conditioner and did not explode. [News release from the National Abortion bers have received threats that their children 5. Columbus, Ohio. Northwest Women's Rights Action League, Washington, D.C.] would be kidnapped. For several weeks, one Center, January 8, 1978- CLINICS BURN ACROSS AMERICA: VIOLENCE Board member had to have police protection 0n January 8, 1978, a still-unidentified ar ON THE RISE 24 hours a day because the threats were so sonlst broke into the Columbus, Ohio The National Abortion Rights Action persistent-and so chilling. One child had Northwest Women's clinic and set ten paper League released an in-depth report on a to be taken out of school and sent elsewhere fires throughout. Not all o! the fires caught series of burnings and attacks conducted because of threats on his life at the school. but an estimated $200,000.00 worth o! dam against clinics across the country within the Director Tom Webber's life has also been age was done nonetheless, chiefly in the re past year. Six clinics have been burned, and threatened. ception area. Police are still investigating. many more have been badly vandalized, pos And just last week-February 15, 1978- 6. Clevland, Ohio, Concerned Women's ing severe dangers to patients and staff. the police found a professionally-constructed Clinic, February 15, 1978- When an incident happens in a single clinic, bomb outside the clinic, in front of a plexi In Cleveland, Ohio during the night o! clinic personnel often think the attack is glass Window. Apparently, according to po February 15th, 1978, the Concerned Women's isolated and unusual; but, according to lice, someone had thrown it at the window, clinic was broken into and all upholstery was NARAL's findings, attacks against clinics are and it had bounced back and rolled into a slashed, phone lines were cut, centerfuge well thought out, well planned, and exhibit a snowbank. The mechanism was faulty, and lines were cut, and Betedine. similar to io systematic pattern of callous disregard for the bomb did not explode. dine, was thrown on walls, floors, and ceil person and property. 2. Burlington, Vermont, Vermont Women's ings. The clinic was closed Thursday, the Vandalism against clinics ranges from Health Center. May 1, 1977- 16th, for repairs, and reopened Friday and threats against people's children, to direct 0n May 1, 1977, a fire destroyed the entire Saturday. Police were called but declined a bombings, to firebombings of all sorts, to building that housed the Burlington, Ver request for an investigation. throwing gasoline in the face of a clinic mont, Women's Health Center. Also in the Saturday, February 18, 1978, the anti staffer and temporarily blinding her, to bul building were Planned Parenthood Adminis choice activists returned to finish the job lets fired into buildings ... and so on, a list trative Offices, a restaurant and a movie the and burn the clinic. At approximately 11:30 of some of the worst politically-motivated ater. The clinic reopened elsewhere in De a.m., a man in a blue delivery uniform en violence of the decade. And attacks have been cember, 1977. The questions of how the fire tered the clinic after clinic activities were mounted against clinics which just provide started, if (and who) someone set it, and well underway. He went to the back o! the birth control assistance, as well as clinics which of the tenants were the targets, are clinic, to the laboratory room where instru which provide both birth control and abor still unresolved. ments are sterilized. tions. 3. Omaha, Nebraska, Ladies Clinic, August In this same general area were several A new group has emerged in 1978, just as 18, 1977- procedure rooms, and approximately twenty the violence against clinics has taken a swing In the middle of the night, Omaha, Ne patients. were in the back area. Because the upwards. The group calls itself "PEACE" braska, on August 18, 1977, a man passing by man was wearing a. uniform, a lab technician People Expressing A Concern for Everyone. Ladies Clinic heard breaking glass, voices, opened the door when he asked her to let The so-called "PEACE" group is rabidly and the sound of people running away. A him in. He threw gasoline over her, straight opposed to women's right to choose abortion, fire had started in the clinic. He called the into her eyes, and over the rest of the room. and has taken credit for another six clinic fire department, but $35.000 worth of dam She was temporarily blinded, and according invasions, coordinated nationwide, which all age was done to the clinic. The fire had been to one patient's account, ran into the hall occurred January 6, 1978. set, according to authorities, by at least four saying, "I can't see! I can't see!" The man During the June, 1976 National Ri~ht to bottles of gasoline and detergent thrown then ignited the gasoline-soaked room. The Life Convention in Boston, a NARAL observer through a window. man fled, and has not been found. A descrlp- March 9, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6369 tion, however, has been given to police. There papers were processed, in the meantime. The the clinic. All other staff and patients had was a procedure going on when the fire began demonstrators were removed from the clinic, gone home, including the receptionist. which had to be interrupted and continued but apparently the Deputy Chief of Pollee They smelled smoke around 9:10 p.m., and later at another clinic. At least one patient offered to drive them in his car, rather than running out to the front of the clinic, found had to flee the building wearing only a hos putting them in the police vehicle, and a few that the bathroom off the reception area had pital coat, since she was waiting for the blocks from the clinic, he let them go. How been set on fire. The Akron Police and Fire procedure to begin-the fire apparently ever, since the papers had been processed, the Departments were called. spread that quickly in the back area of the clinic's attorney called police and demanded Fortunately, clinic personnel were able to clinic. All patients and staff, however, were that the demonstrators be prosecuted. They put out the fire after a. while, using the clinic unharmed except the lab technician, who was were: one pled guilty and received a $1.00 fire extinguisher. When the Police and Fire treated at a Cleveland hospital and released. fine; five went to trial, using the "defense of Departments arrived, they stated that the The clinic was completely destroyed. Another necessity," and were convicted by a Catholic fire was arson. The area suffered severe clinic below Concerned Women's Clinic, the judge, interestingly. They were sentenced to scorching and some smoke damage, and National Health Care Services, suffered smoke 90 days unsupervised probation with condi plastic materials used in the construction of and water damage. tions. the walls and floor apparently melted in the 6. Fairfax, Virginia, Northern Virginia. n. OTHER heat. According to Goldberger, no one was Women's Medical Center- hurt. 1. Cincinnati, Ohio, Women's Center, Feb Northern Virginia Women's Medical Cen ruary, 1978- Goldberger mentioned that she had been ter was the victim of one of the January 6 on the air on a newscast from the University In February of this year, a chemical bomb incidents; but they have been victimized by and packets of literature were thrown of Akron earlier that day. The newscast con an entire series of illegal harassments: cerned the Akron City Council vote (7-6) through a plate glass window into the Cin On January 8, 1977, around fifteen demon cinnati Women's Center clinic. The bomb's Tuesday night, February 28, 1978, which strators entered the clinic-six remained to passed a highly restrictive city ordinance key ingredient was an acid reportedly on the be arrested after police were called. Because government's list of chemical warfare agents, thought to be a major unconstitutional tn of a. mix-up in paperwork, charges were va.sion of the privacy of women seeking abor and as a result the bomb was so potent that dropped. the clinic had to be closed for nine days, all tions in Akron. Goldberger stated in that On May 14, 1977, between ten and fifteen newscast that, should the Akron mayor not rugs and upholstered furniture had to be re demonstrators entered the clinic and re placed, and general cleaning costs ran to veto the ordinance, her group had already fused to leave. Police were called. Six were spoken with the Cleveland ACLU about filing $3,000.00. Not to mention the broken arrested. window ... a request for an injunction against the ordi On October 17, 1977, these six people were nance. She was identified on the air as co 2. Washington, D.C., Planned ParenthoOd, tried before Judge Lewis Griffeth in the Gen February 15, 1978- ordinator of the Akron Women's Clinic. eral District Court in Fairfax. The Judge al That night--just twenty-four hours after Just at the end of the working day of lowed the defense to use the "defense of the vote-her clinic was set on fire. February 15, 1978 unknown assailants necessity" and acquitted the six demonstra smashed the glass doors at the Planned tors on the grounds that they believed they [From the White Plains, (N.Y.) Reporter Parenthood office in Washington, D.C. Staff had to enter the clinic to save lives. Dispatch, Mar. 2, 1978] was still there, but fortunately all patients On November 12, 1977, four more demon had gone home. The police are investigating; strators were arrested in the clinics. VIOLENCE HITS ABORTION CLINICS apparently no one knows what was used to On January 6, 1978, four same demonstra WASHINGTON.-For some "fanatics,'' the smash the doors, rocks, gunshots, a stick tors were arrested in the clinic, as part of the weapons in the war on abortion have all are possib111ties. coordinated activities across the country. changed from strident debate to bombs, m. JANUARY 6, 1978 INCIDENTS On February 10, 1978, demonstrators went arson and guns, says a pro-abortion group that cites attacks at clinics in 13 cities. (Clinic Invasions by "People Expressing A to trial in the General District Court of Fair fax before Judge Mason Grove, charged with The National Abortion Rights Action Concern For Everyone" (PEACE) and other League, a. lobbying organization, says in a anti-choice activtsts) trespassing on November 12, 1977, and on January 6, 1978. Judge Grove acquitted them report released Wednesday that the attacks 1. New York, N.Y., Center for Reproductive on the grounds that the Virginia. statute on clinics follow a. pattern. Health- which allows first trimester abortions is un About two weeks ago, Aurelia E. Elliot, a Demonstrators entered the clinic N.Y. City constitutional. worker at the private Concerned Women's Center for Reproductive Health, distributed On February 11, 1978, demonstrators re Clinic in Cleveland, answered the clinic door literature, sang anti-choice songs and sat-in turned to the clinic, and exhibited very vio and a man threw a bag at her. in the procedure rooms. Police arrested seven lent and aggressive behavior: they pushed She was temporarily blinded when it hit persons, charging them with trespass andre and kicked staff, knocked down a staff person her in the face and burst. The contents were sisting arrest. They were arraigned Janu who was 6Y:z months pregnant, knocked thought to have been gasoline. The man ig ary 31, 1978, and will go to trial March 13, down the administrator and a policeman. nited the liquid and the fire caused $30,000 1978. The owner of the clinic had to be treated at damage. 2. Minneapolis, Minn., Midwest Health a. hospital for injuries. Police came and ar A few days earlier, vandals threw iodine Center for Women- rested the demonstrators. The magistrate set around the clinic and cut telephone cords. Demonstrators entered the clinic, Midwest a bond of $1000 on each of them, but after A clinic in Cincinnati was hit last month Health Center for Women, distributed liter a call from Judge Griffeth, reduced the bond when a chemical bomb and packets of lit ature, sang anti-choice songs and sat down to personal recognizance. Commonwealth erature were thrown through a window. The in front of the procedure room doors. Police Attorney Robert Horan told the police not report claims that the substance in the bomb arrested them and charged them with tres to respond to the clinic's calls, because the is listed by the government for use in war passing. Trial sometime in April. courts were obviously not going to prosecute fare. 3. Baltimore, Md., Hillcrest Clinic of Balti these cases. Recently, demonstrators who had been more- fore Judge Albert Bryan in the US District protesting repeatedly outside a Fairfax, Va., At the Hillcrest Clinic of Baltimore, dem On February 15, 1978, the ACLU went be clinic roughed up staff members and knocked onstrators barged past a staff person who had Court in Alexandria. and got a. temporary re a. pregnant worker to the ground. There have just unlocked the back door to the clinic. straining order against the eleven demon been 20 arrests at the clinic during the last The clinic was totally empty, since staff were strators and their friends. Attorney Horan 15 months, according to the report. just opening up for the day. Ten people were and the attorney for the police also argued There also have been threats against the arrested and charged with trespassing. Trial for a temporary restraining order. A full children of abortion clinic workers, the re date is set for April 14, 1978. hearing for a. permanent injunction is sched port adds. 4. Anchorage, Alaska, Alaska Clinic uled for 9:30 a.m. today, February 24, 1978. In St. Paul, someone broke into the Four people barged into the Anchorage Planned Parenthood offices a year ago, soaked Alaska Clinic and chained themselves to a VIOLENCE AGAINST AKRON, OHIO, WOMEN'S the floor with a. flammable liquid and ignited procedure table. The security guards cut the CLINIC it. Water and smoke damage was estimated chains and escorted the people from the Only five days after the National Abortion at $250,000. clinic. The people returned and sat down in Rights Action League's release, February The clinic director's life was threatened the clinic, refusing to move. The police were 24th, of an in-depth report of nationwide and board members have received threats called, the people arrested, and the trial is burnings of abortion clinics in the past year, that their children would be kidnapped. One set for March 29, 1978. another clinic burned-the Akron Women's board member sought police protection be 5. Omaha, Nebraska, Ladies Clinic- Clinic at 515 W. Market St., in Akron, Ohio. cause of persistent threats. A bomb was In Omaha, demonstrators entered the La According to Norma. Goldberger, clinic co heaved through the clinic window late last dies Clinic with patients at 8:45am, and sat ordinator, the clinic was open late Wednes month, but it did not go off, the league said down In front of the procedure room doors, day night, March 1, 1978, as usual. Around in its report. while another group picketed outside. Police nine o'clock that night, Diane Linsenmayer, A group calling itself People Expressing A arrived after a long delay, and then called In the recovery room nurse, Goldberger, and Concern for Everyone (PEACE) has claimed the Deputy Chief of Police to convince the three patients were still back in the recovery responsibility for six coordinated clinic In demonstrators to leave. The demonstrators room-far from the front reception area of cidents on Jan. 6. The group disrupted clinic 6370 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 9, 1978 activities around the country, with members record 64.6¢ per lb. Overproduction then sent ten weeks, foreign sugar flooded the U.S. In being arrested in New York, Minneapolis, prices dropping again. By the time Carter December alon~. nearly 2 mi11ion tons of Baltimore, Anchorage, Omaha and Fairfax. took office, they had fallen to about 10¢ per sugar was imported, about six times the "These are serious, horrible crimes being lb .. some 37H below the break-even point for normal amount. With warehouses still bulg committed by those who oppose women's domestic growers. Recalled Agriculture Sec ing with surplus sugar, prices a.re expected right to choose," said Karen Mulhauser, retary Robert Bergland: "The sugar situation to be depressed for months, a fact that may NARAL executive director.e was an economic disaster." xnake housewives smtle but is of no solace to Both Bergland and the U.S. International the still beset u.s. sugar grower.e Trade Commission urged Carter to reimpose import quotas, but the President refused, TIME MAGAZINE REPORTS ADMIN arguing reasonably enough that quotas would be too protectionist. Instead, he or WHOSE BUSINESS IS THE BUSI ISTRATION BUNGLING OF SUGAR dered a 2¢-per-lb. subsidy which was sup PROGRAM posed to enable efficient domestic producers NESS LUNCH to make a profit on their crops. But the nation's 6,000 sugarcane and 15,000 sugar HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK HON. W. HENSON MOORE beet growers found that world prices were OF LOUISIANA continuing to drop so fast that even with OF CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the subsidy they were losing money. At the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES same time, the major sugar-user firms, such Thursday, March 9, 1978 Thursday, March 9, 1978 as the Coca-Cola Co., General Foods Corp. • Mr. MOORE. Mr. Speaker, many of and Nestle Alimentana, were more than • Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, I came our colleagues, and certainly every sugar happy with Carter's program because it kept across a letter to the editor in the Wash prices low and increased their profits. ington Star of March 7, 1978 which dealt cane or sugar beet farmer knows of the Many farm-state Senators and Con ineptitude the Department of Agricul gressmen muttered, perhaps unfairly, that with the issue of the "three martini ture and the administration have dis Carter's policy was chiefly intended to benefit lunch." This topic has graced the at played in mishandling the sugar pro Atlanta-based Coca-Cola, which is the na tention of the Ways and Means Commit gram now in force. More and more, in tion's biggest commercial sugar user, ac tee in recent weeks, and I am sure that formation is finall~· reaching consumers, counting for about 10 percent of annual U.S. it has been hotly debated over many as well as farmers, of how administra consumption, and is headed by his longtime three martini lunches. tion indifference has cost us all much friend J. Paul Austin. At a Senate hearing, The major arguments that I have Louisiana Democrat Russell Long told Berg heard in support of the business lunch more in terms of economic stability and land, "I would call the existing sugar pro stable sugar prices because the congres gram a Coca-Cola program." Replied White deductions have centered around the sionally-mandated program was ignored House Aide Lynn Daft: "The Coca-Cola notion that a liquid lunch is essential and later dismembered by USDA. charge is an outrage." Still, in a July 7 memo to the Nation's business, and that for The March 13, 1978, issue of Time mag to Carter, White House Assistant Stuart the sake of the economy these lunches azine contained an article alluding to· Eizenstat recommended that the President must continue to be subsidized by the the administration's connection with indicate his "willingness" to raise tariffs, at taxpayer. The letter that I am inserting is large industrial sugar users, such as the least to cool off Congress. Carter's reply: apparently from one such taxpayer, Mr. "Not yet--but keep me informed." Joseph E. Tracy of Silver Spring, Md., Coca-Cola Co., and it definitely makes Then on July 28, the House overwhelmingly one wonder just how independent the approved an amendment to the 1977 farm bill but I think that he speaks for a majority administration is, and if it can muster ordering the Administration to impose tariffs of people who do not have access to ex enough credibility to support America's on foreign sugar and establish a loan or pur pense accounts and other deductible sugar producers in the future. To me, Mr. chase program that would support prices at fringe benefits. Speaker, t.his article points out the need 55 percent of parity or 14.3¢ per lb. Mr. Tracy makes the inescapable for this body to take action to provide The next day Bergland warned Agricul point that business will continue to be the U.S. sugar ir:dustry with a long tural Committee Chairmen Thomas Foley in conducted, regardless of the tax benefits the House and Herman Talmadge in the involved. The average taxpayer has a range legislative program. The text of Senate that the Presid3nt would veto the the article is as follows: farm b111 if a joint conference committee large stake in this portion of the Presi FARMERS: BEET-RED, RAISING CANE-THE did not drop the amendment. Three days be dent's tax reform plan, for the only way SWEETS AND SOURS OF THE ADMINISTRATION'S fore Bergland passed along the veto threat, that we can cut tax rates-across the SUGAR PROGRAM the leading sugar-user spokesman, Coca board-is through the elimination of The retaU price of su~ar in the U.S. has Cola's chief purchaser, John Mount, re special preferences. In this way, every careened between 17c and 63c per lb. during marked to &. group of colleagues while they one can share the wealth, instead of the the past four years, a statistic well known were having drinks at the bar of Washing select few under the current system. to the often riled housewife. It is the cost ton's Sheraton-Carlton Hotel: "If we cannot It is indeed a sobering thought that at the supermarket that makes the headlines. prevail in conference, we wi11 just have to But behind those prices can be multimillion call in a few chits and have the President our economy hinges on the deductibility dollar battles between commercial and politi veto the farm bi11." Mount told TIME Corre of the three martini lunch, for Heaven cal rivals that escape public notoriety. And spondent Greg Wierzynskilast week that the help us should Prohibition return. in this case there are. The very bitterness of comment--which he does not remember BUSINESS CAN LIVE WrrHOUT MARTINIS the sugar-pricing controversy can be seen making-was nothing more than an idle My intelllgence is insulted by the argu in one of the last ore.cial acts by the late boast. Said he: "I apparently violated an old ments the proponents of the "three-martini Senator Hubert Humphrey, who in a state rule, never to discuss business at the bar." lunch" and other ridiculous business ex ment accused the Carter Administration of Whatever Mount's role, Bergland and Long penses proclaim. They want the public to "bungling and ineptltllde" and acting "con worked out a compromise. The price-support believe that the procuring of a mUlion-dollar trary of the expressed intent of Congress" in level was established at 13.6¢ per lb., and contract depends on a $60 lunch at an exclu its sugar policies. Bergland pledged to begin setting up the sive restaurant. I always thought that a good Pending before the Senate now is an inter support program before- the btll became law businessman wanted a contract for the best national agreement that would stabilize on OCt. 1. But Bergland was unable to per quality at the cheapest price. The people who sugar prices through voluntary Umlts on ex suade Carter to back the plan. Said Berg wine and dine at the taxpayers' expense play ports to the U.S. by foreign producers, chiefly land: "The President and his advisers were no part in the procuring of business, or at the Phtl1ppines and the Dominican Republic. more comfortable with the payments best have a small impact on it. But the Senators, reflecting the anger with scheme." Elimination of these deductions would the President felt by Congressmen from Sensing a doublecross, Republican Senator have no effect on procuring business. Maybe farm states, are in no mood to support the Robert Dole of Kansas angrtly accused Berg it would make the salesmen work a little pact untll the Administration establishes a land of being in "open confltct with what harder. Would a business executive give up policy ensuring that U.S. sugar producers wlll the Congress has directed him to do." Fi his golf and membership in a country club not be hurt by foreign competition. nally, in early November the Administration 1! the deduction were eliminated? The big Sugar has been a sticky problem for Con imposed the tariff and established the sup jets going to the Super Bowl and free tickets gress for years. As the world's biggest 1m port program. For no apparent reason, how and lunches. would these stop if the deduc porter (11 m1llion tons a year). the u.s. used ever, the regulations omitted refined sugar tions were eliminated? I think the answer 1a to control its vast imports by doling out from the tariffs and were otherwise ineffec obvious: business as usual. quotas to exporting nations. That system tive in curtailing the 1mport of raw sugar The man on the W-2 Form ls being beaten broke down in 1974 when the price of sugar before the Jan. 1 deadline. Whtle the Admin into poverty by inequitable taxes and unfair shot up, partly because of crop failures, to a istration delayed closing the loopholes for tax loopholes for the chosen few. The good March 9, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6371 bu&lneesmen ln our country can readlly see everywhere labor for the freedom of op slavia's size in comparison to the world that the ellmlnation of these g1mm1cks and pressed brethren ln whatever land they may superpowers. the closing of loopholes would allow tax be found. rellef for everyone and would create more Our brother Anatoly Sharansky has been I would like to share with my col consumer buying, with an increase ln bust imprisoned In the Lefortovo Prison in leagues an article from the June 22, 1977, ness and profits. The ones who would suffer Moscow because of his desire to exercise his New York Times which analyzes and by the ellmlnatlon would be the free-loaders. human right of emigration to joln his puts in rare perspective the highlights of I thlnk that the motor companies would family ln Israel. As a gesture of solidarity, President Tito's remarkable career. attn buy steel even 1f the martini and coun Adat Shalom Synagogue, led by Its Men's Though written over a year ago, this try club deductions, etc., were done away Club, has adopted Anatoly Sharansky, and piece is as relevant and timely as if it had with. The American people w1ll pay their Joins with him in hls quest for freedom: been written on the eve of President taxes. All they want is a fair shake and every Each Bar and Bat Mitzvah is presented a one carrying his share of the tax dollar. In Medallion of COnscience ln his name, and Tito's current omcial visit to the United •cculZoch vs. Mar11l4n4, Chief Justice urged to joln this heroic struggle. States. In fact, the title of the article, Marshall said, "The power to tax lmplles the Adat Shalom Synagogue welcomes Avltal '·The Last of the Giants," is the very power to destroy." Sharansky, wife of Anatoly Sharansky, who expression which President Carter used Let's all demand a just tax code-<>ne that has come to worship among Its members as to introduce President Tito at Tuesday 11 fair for all Americans. part of her Journey of Conscience to call all night's White House dinner in honor of JOSEPH E. TRACEY. Americans to support the cause of freedom. the visiting President of Yugoslavia: SILVER SPRING .• On thls sacred occasion, we confer the privilege of membership in Adat Shalom THE LAST 01' THE GIANTS Synagogue to Anatoly and Avital Sharansky (By James Reston) as an expression of our solidarity with them BELGRADE, June 21-If you think you're In their continuing struggle for Uberty. confused about the politics of New York or ALL ISRAEL IS RESPONSmLE ONE We call upon the authorities of the Union FOR THE OTHER Washington, you should come to Belgrade. It of Soviet Socialist Republics to release breaks every rule In the political book. It Anatoly Sharansky and permit him to be sounds like Moscow and works like Pitts HON. WILLIAM M. BRODHEAD reunited with his family. burgh. Everything runs upstream in the bus And we pray to the God of our 81llcestors tling valley but the Sava and Danube Rivers. 01' MICHIGAN for compassion for our brother Anatoly It has a controlled press, but you can buy IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Sharansky who suffers persecution and tor not only Moscow's Pravda and Izvestia here ment. May He speedlly bring him relief from Thursday, March 9, 1978 every day but the Paris Herald Tribune and distress and deliver him from the darkness other papers of the capitalist West. Omcially, e Mr. BRODHEAD. Mr. Speaker, the of servitude to the light of freedom. Amen.e it is mllltantly atheistic, but it Is full of bell case of Anatoly Scharansky has focused ringing churches. It has at least its share of political prisoners, but Its planes fly nonstop the attention of the world on the Soviet TITO: FIGHTER FOR AN INDEPEND Union's harassment of Soviet Jews seek every day to all the other capitals East and ENT YUGOSLAVIA West, and its citizens are more free to leave ing to emigrate to other nations. This and return than in any other capital of the has included firings from employment, Communist world. disruption of mall service, arbitrary emi HON. JAMES L. OBERSTAR Accordingly, It Is prudent to check your gration decisions that are sometimes de 01' MINNESOTA assumptions and prejudices at the airport layed for years, and arrests, detainments IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES when you come to Yugoslavia. This country and other forms of intimidation. is sort of a halfway house between the politi Scharansky was imprisoned early last Thursday, March 9, 1978 cal East and West-defiantly independent, year by Soviet authorities on charges of • Mr. OBERSTAR. Mr. Speaker. In our part Communist and part capitalist. The pop ular description is that of a country with being a CIA agent. He was one of the common struggle against the forces of seven frontiers, six republics, five nationali major figures in an organization estab Nazi Germany, Josip Broz Tito stood as ties, four languages, three religions and two lished by a group of dissidents monitor one of our bravest allies. alphabets-an held together by one boss, ing Soviet compliance with the human My predecessor in the House and our Marshal Tito, now in his 86th year, who Is rights provisions of the Helsinki Final former distinguished colleague, John A. around here somewhere, but nobody knows Act. The Soviet Government has tried Blatnik, parachuted behind enemy lines quite where. every means to dissolve this group. As There is a theory that Tlto Is not Immortal in Nazi-occupied Yug-oslavia as Chief of but little evidence to prove lt. He is the last the March 8 editorial on the Scharansky the U.S. Military Mission during World of the political giants of this century and case that appeared in the Washington War II, and foug-ht alongside Tito's Par has spent a good deal of time in recent years Post stated, "It is shameful that the So tisan units during the campaign to lib going to the funerals of former distinguished viet pollee found it necessary to orga erate Yugoslavia from foreign occupa enemies who hoped to bury him. nize a political charade to smear a few tion. Blatnik came to know firsthand the It is interesting that, after all these years, Soviet citizens and perhaps also to fierce independence, unrelenting deter we know very little about the parents, undercut detente." mination, and iron will of Marshall Tito friends, women, wives, teachers, comrades Anatoly Scharansky's young wife, or children who influenced his life and ca to free Yugoslavia from foreign domina reer. All we know Is that somehow he sur Avital, has traveled around the world tion-regardless of political persuasion, vived, and is stlll one of the last of the seeking support for her husband's cause. whether Nazi Germany or- Stalinist Rus phantoms of world politics. Her efforts, and those of other concerned sia. His record is well known but st111 unbeliev individuals and organizations, have re Only an understanding of the bitter able. He was conscripted into the Austrian sulted in an overwhelmingly outpouring war-tom years can explain Tito's proud Army in his early 20's during the First World of sympathy from around the world. War, deserted and participated in the Rus nationalism and courageous and un sian Revolution 60 years ago. He led the As a show of solidarity with Anatoly precedented defiance of Stalin which partisan guerrillas against the Nazis in the Scharansky, the members of Adat shook the entire world in 1948. Second World War, broke with Stalin in 1948, Shalom Synagogue, which is located in Yugoslavia's independence from Rus and has run this country for over 30 years. my congressional district, adopted his sian domination through Tito's leader He is an even-handed sort: He takes cause as their own. I had the opportu ship has stabilized the Balkans. which from everybody and is beholden to nobody, nity to speak with Avital Scharansky last for centuries have been torn by internal and outlives them all. Like Mao Tse-tung, weekend at ceremonies I attended at his only competitor for the 20th-century ethnic fragmentation and domination !Jy political endurance medal, he moves here In Adat Shalom. I would like to share with external political forces. mysterious ways from his mansions 1D my colleagues the proclamation that was That extraordinary courage in the face Belgrade to his retreat on the island of offered on this occasion by Rabbi Sey of overwhelming odds. first of Nazi oc Brioni; and like Mao in his latter days, no mour Rosenbloom: cupation and later both Stalinist and body quite knows whether his power Is based The proclamation follows: Soviet Communism, together with his on myth or reality. ALL ISRAEL Is REsPONSIBLE ONE I'OR THE relentless quest for peace as leader of the In the early days of the Nazi invasion of OTHER non-aligned nations have earned Mar this beautiful and pugnaciously independent (A Proclamation) country, the question was: Who is Tito? shall Tito extraordinary respect through Later, as he made his way against his in The conviction that "All Israel Is Respon out the world, respect that certainly is ternal and external enemies in savage battles alble One for the Other" demanda that Jews all the more unusual, considering Yugo- and brutal massacres, the question was: CXXIV---401-Part 5 6372 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 9, 1978 Where is Tito? And now the 64-b1llion-dinar on this vote does not reflect my Because all you need to do 1s pick up the question is, What after Tito? preference for the Wright substitute's telepho::le and say, "Transfer x dollars from Everybody is guessing, nobody knows the approach.• my savings account to my checking account," answer, and it's a little ghoulish to press it and it is done. And you can write a check too far, but it's easy to understand why so on it. Many thrifts are offering this service to many people are asking. Geographically and many of their customers, in such a form strategically, Yugoslavia is either a highway THE PROPOSED FEDERAL RE that they say, "If you let us know by 2 or a barrier to the Soviet Union's ambitions SERVE REGULATION ON AUTO o'clock today, we wlll move the funds to to extend its European empire and growing your commercial bank, and you can draw naval power into the Adriatic and the Medi MATIC TRANSFERS AND ITS checks on them that day." terranean. Tito has been the barrier to their RELATION TO NOW ACCOUNTS So, I believe that the NOW account ex southern thrust for more than a generation periment has been a success from the stand but after him, what? This is what the other point of both the public and also from the European powers and the Pentagon would HON. FERNAND J. ST GERMAIN standpoint of the institutions. It is spreading like to know, for Yugoslavia could be the OF RHODE ISLAND all over the United States, but not under hinge in this sweep of Soviet power toward IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that name. Africa and the West. Politically, it may be more important. For Thursday, March 9, 1978 Responding to the suggestion that the Yugoslavia or Yugo-Communism is regarded e Mr. ST GERMAIN. Mr. Speaker, as statutory prohibition against the pay by many observers in Europe as proof that a you know, a tremendous volume of mail ment of interest on demand deposits had Communist state can be independent of is being sent to Members of the House become anachronistic, Governor Mitchell Moscow, and therefore a symbol and argu said: ment for Eurocommunism-for Communist regarding the Federal Reserve System's Yes. It has been eroding for a long time. influence and participation, it not domina proposed regulation to authorize the au tomatic transfer of funds from savings That is correct. And it has especially been tion, in the coming struggle for politic~! eroded with respect to corporate deposits in power in France and Italy in next year s to checking accounts at commercial commercial banks where services have been elections. banks. The proposed regulation is open commensurate with the balances kept." Tito is playing the middle game, listening for public comment until March 20, 1978, to everybody and joining nobody, and getting with final action resting in the Board During the same discussion, then what economic aid he can get from both Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Steven sides. It is a remarkable political perform of Governors. ance. He celebrates everything. His long life To properly understand the contro Gardner described his view of passbook is now a succession of anniversaries: recently versy generated by this proposal, a re accounts: his 85th birthday, soon the anniversary of his view of congressional efforts in a closely The passbook-type account really is, in break with Stalin, then the 60th anniversary related area may be useful. Since 1933, effect, a demand account in our society. It is of the Russian Revolution, and his coming there has been a statutory prohibition on a rare bank indeed that wlll not honor a visit to Moscow and Pekin g. the payment of interest on demand de- . withdrawal although a bank in our system In short, he has mastered the politics of may require 30-day notice. the middle. He is clearly not a man you would posits HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Friday, March 10, 1978 The House met at 11 o'clock, a.m. Without objection, the Journal stands Mr. BAUMAN. With that understand The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, approved. ing, Mr. Speaker, I withdraw my reserva D.D., offered the following prayer: Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, reserving tion of objection. Where there is no vision, the people the right to object to the approval of the The SPEAKER. Without objection, the perish; but he that keepeth the law, Journal, last night a member of the Journal stands approved. happy is he.-Proverbs 29: 18. Democratic leadership informed a num There was no objection. Be real to us this day, our Father, so ber of Members that neither the funding real that our faith in Thee may be resolution for the Committee on the restored, our hope for our country be Judiciary nor the funding resolution for MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT revived, and our love for one another be the Select Committee on Assassinations renewed. May the relationships in this would be considered today. Before we A message in writing from the Presi House be warm and wholesome that we proceed further, the gentleman from dent of the United States was communi may work together worthily for the good Maryland would like to know if that is cated to the House by Mr. Chirdon, one of our country and our world. When we the case. of his secretaries, who also informed the differ let us not become dimcult in our The SPEAKER. The Chair has not House that on the following dates the differences, nor disagreeable in our dis studied the schedule and is unable to President approved and signed bills of agreements, nor disturbing in our dis answer the gentleman's question. It is · the House of the following titles: turbances. Create in our midst a spirit the understanding of the Chair that the On March 1, 1978: where each one of us may think clearly, gentleman from Dlinois